Holy Sea nature reserve - Heupen
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Holy Sea nature reserve - Heupen
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 The eponymous Great Holy Sea |
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| location | Hopsten / Recke , Steinfurt district , North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany | |
| surface | 259.9 hectares in nine sub-areas | |
| Identifier | ST-014 | |
| WDPA ID | 318374 | |
| Natura 2000 ID | [http://www.naturschutzinformationen-nrw.de/natura2000-meldedok/de/fachinfo/listen/meldedok/DE-3611-301 DE-3611-301 DE-3611-301 ] | |
| FFH area | 230 ha | |
| Geographical location | 52 ° 21 ' N , 7 ° 38' E | |
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| Sea level | from 40 m to 45 m ( ø 42 m) | |
| Setup date | March 22, 1930 | |
| administration | Holy Sea Biological Station ( LWL ) | |
The Heiliges Meer - Heupen nature reserve is a nature reserve in the Tecklenburger Land region in the north of North Rhine-Westphalia . It is named after the largest lake in the area, the Great Sacred Sea .
location
The nature reserve is located predominantly in Recker district Obersteinbeck , the rest is in the municipality of Hopsten . South of the Heideweiher it borders directly on Ibbenbüren territory. The area is cut between the Great Holy Sea and Erdfallsee by Landstrasse 504 (Hopsten - Ibbenbüren). The Biological Station Heiliges Meer , which is a branch of the LWL Museum for Natural History , is located on this street not far from the two lakes .
geology
To the northwest under the Schafberg lies a geological subsidence zone about 4.5 kilometers long and 1.5 kilometers wide , which is labeled Holy Field on the land maps . In this subsidence area has a variety of over the course of millennia sinkholes occurred that are permanently or temporarily filled with water. Often these sinks are only a few meters in diameter. Of the four large still waters in the nature reserve, three can also be traced back to subsurface collapses. These are the Great and Small Holy Seas and the sinkhole lake . The latter emerged just over 100 years ago, when on April 14, 1913 the earth sank by more than ten meters on an almost circular area a little over 100 meters in diameter. Only for the Heideweiher , a shallow lake only around one meter deep in the south-east of the area, it can be assumed that it was formed in a blown drifting sand cover over a layer of local stone .
The reason for the sinkholes is a geological fault along which water-soluble saline rocks are deposited at a depth of about 100 meters . Groundwater dissolves the rocks, the rock cover collapses under the load of the rocks on top and sands sink or are washed into the cavities that are created. These processes can take place very gradually or suddenly. In the first case, shallow hollows appear on the surface, in the second case, caves with steep banks.
The Great Sacred Sea, with an area of around 11 hectares, the largest natural lake in Westphalia , is believed to be around 1100 years old, the Little Sacred Sea was created around 2000 years ago. The age of the lakes can be determined relatively well on the basis of pollen examinations on the water floor.
The nature reserve
The nature reserve has a size of around 260 hectares today . It is divided into a total of nine sub-areas. Large parts are owned by the Regional Association of Westphalia-Lippe . In 1927 the first area of 47 hectares was purchased, and another 8 hectares were added by 1930. On March 22, 1930, the first nature conservation ordinance for the Holy Sea came into force.
After 1930, further adjacent areas were gradually bought, so that the surrounding former arable land was no longer cultivated, which made it easier to protect species . To this end, a protection ordinance was passed on August 20, 1988, which designated a further 66 hectares as a buffer zone for the nature reserve. Some of the buffers bordered directly on the Holy Sea and consisted of fields as well as alder forest and reed beds .
Today the "Ordinance on the designation of the Heiliges Meer - Heupen area as a nature reserve" of November 28, 2008 by the District President in Münster applies .
An area of 230 hectares of the nature reserve is also designated as a protected area within the meaning of the Habitats Directive ( Natura 2000 -Nr. DE-3611-301).
In the biological station , courses are offered for those interested in natural history. A weather station has been operated by the employees of the biological station since 1975.
Habitats
Essentially, one can distinguish between three biotopes in this nature reserve : still waters , heaths and forests . There are also grassland areas and fallow land .
Heathens
The original vegetation of the area was forests. In the early Middle Ages, however, extensive clearing took place, which resulted in the formation of heather and sandy soils. Since then, grazing with sheep and free-roaming horses has held back bush encroachment. Today heathland takes up about 25% of the total area.
Waters
The waters of the Heiliges Meer nature reserve are primarily oligotrophic , with the Great Sacred Sea up to 10.5 meters deep being meso- to eutrophic. On the bottom of the lake, which was originally up to 18 meters deep, a constantly growing layer of mud ( gyttja ) has formed over the centuries . The second largest body of water, the 7-hectare sinkhole lake with a depth of 12 meters, is an oligotrophic body of water that shows transitions to the mesotrophic type. Heideweiher and Kolke are characterized in particular by nitrogen and phosphorus poverty. At the time of their formation, the areas were very poor in nutrients, and it was only in the last few decades that the enormous nitrogen input became a major problem.
See also
literature
- Heinrich Terlutter: The Heiliges Meer nature reserve . Ed .: LWL-Museum für Naturkunde . Münster 2013, ISBN 978-3-940726-01-8 .
- Gerhard Knoblauch: The bird world of the "Holy Sea" nature reserve . Ornithological Library 11. Greven 1980.
- Fritz Runge: The plant communities of the Heiliges Meer nature reserve and their changes over the past 90 years . Nature and Homeland, Supplement 15. Münster 1991.
- Fritz Runge: A tour of the Heiliges Meer nature reserve . 5th edition, Münster 1985.
- S. Buchholz and M. Kreuels: The spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) in the “Holy Sea” nature reserve - a preliminary list of species. In: Natur und Heimat 65 (4) / 2005, pp. 97–112 ( PDF ).
- Christof Spannhoff: The names of the waters Drevanameri and Holy Sea, In: Nordmünsterland. Forschungs und Funde 1 (2014), pp. 223–248.
Web links
- "Heiliges Meer - Heupen" nature reserve in the specialist information system of the State Office for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection in North Rhine-Westphalia
- Holy Sea (NaTourZeit). (PDF; 887 kB) State Institute for Ecology, Land Management and Forests in North Rhine-Westphalia , accessed on November 6, 2013 .
- Ordinance on the designation of the "Heiliges Meer - Heupen" area ... as a nature reserve in the Official Gazette for the Münster administrative district of December 12, 2008 (No. 50/2008), pp. 521–527
- Ordinance amending ... Heiliges Meer in the official gazette for the Münster administrative district of July 6, 2012 (No. 27/2012), pp. 255-256
- Website of the LWL Museum for Natural History on the Heiliges Meer nature reserve
- The Holy Sea - vegetation dynamics at the largest natural lake in Westphalia
- Photos by Recker photographer Felix Büscher
Individual evidence
- ↑ Heinrich Terlutter: The Reserve Sacred Sea . Ed .: LWL-Museum für Naturkunde . Münster 2013, ISBN 978-3-940726-01-8 , pp. 11-13, 18 ff .
- ↑ Heinrich Terlutter: The Reserve Sacred Sea . Ed .: LWL-Museum für Naturkunde . Münster 2013, ISBN 978-3-940726-01-8 , pp. 14, 29 .
- ^ "Heiliges Meer - Heupen" nature reserve in the specialist information system of the State Office for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection in North Rhine-Westphalia , accessed on March 3, 2017.
- ↑ Published in the official gazette for the Münster administrative region. (PDF; 5.4 MB) (No longer available online.) District government Münster , December 12, 2008, p. 521 , formerly in the original ; Retrieved November 7, 2013 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Heinrich Terlutter: The Reserve Sacred Sea . Ed .: LWL-Museum für Naturkunde . Münster 2013, ISBN 978-3-940726-01-8 , pp. 14 .
- ↑ Holy Sea - Heupen. Ministry for the Environment and Nature Conservation, Agriculture and Consumer Protection of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia , accessed on November 7, 2013 .
- ↑ In Ibbenbürener Volkszeitung from September 6, 2018: "35 degrees were on the drum"
- ↑ Heinrich Terlutter: The Reserve Sacred Sea . Ed .: LWL-Museum für Naturkunde . Münster 2013, ISBN 978-3-940726-01-8 , pp. 29 .
