Salmaise
| Salmaise | ||
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| region | Bourgogne-Franche-Comté | |
| Department | Côte-d'Or | |
| Arrondissement | Montbard | |
| Canton | Montbard | |
| Community association | Communes du Pays d'Alésia et de la Seine | |
| Coordinates | 47 ° 27 ' N , 4 ° 40' E | |
| height | 309-533 m | |
| surface | 13.12 km 2 | |
| Residents | 137 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 10 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 21690 | |
| INSEE code | 21580 | |
| Website | www.salmaise.fr | |
 View of Salmaise |
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Salmaise is a French municipality with 137 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Côte-d'Or in the region Bourgogne Franche-Comté (before 2016: Burgundy ). The municipality belongs to the arrondissement of Montbard and the canton of Montbard (until 2015: canton of Venarey-les-Laumes ).
The inhabitants are called Salmaisiens and Salmaisiennes .
geography
Salmaise is located about 31 kilometers southeast of Montbard and about 32 kilometers northwest of Dijon in the Région naturelle Auxois.
Salmaise is surrounded by the seven neighboring communities:
| Boux-sous-Salmaise | Source-Seine | |
| Villeberny |
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Bligny-le-Sec |
| Villy-en-Auxois | Verrey-sous-Salmaise | Villotte-Saint-Seine |
Salmaise lies in the catchment area of the river Seine . The Oze , a tributary of the Brenne , crosses the area of the municipality together with its tributaries, the Ruisseau de Come and the Vau, and its tributary, the Lavau, which rises in Salmaise.
history
Around 70 AD there was a Gallo-Roman at Salmaise and the hamlet of Blessey in what is now the neighboring community of Source-Seine. 45 lived in the area in a village with a dozen houses, including four farms and a mansio , a rest stop on the way from the Upper Auxois to the sources of the Seine. Five blacksmiths were scattered around the houses and the rest area. With the exception of the service area, all buildings were made of dry stone .
In 1020 Walo and Warnerius, landlords of Sombernon in Salmaise founded a priory of the Cistercian abbey of La Bussière .
Population development
After records began, the number of inhabitants rose to a peak of around 550 by the middle of the 19th century. In the following period, the size of the community decreased with short recovery periods, a trend that continues to this day.
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2011 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 199 | 169 | 156 | 161 | 157 | 136 | 144 | 138 | 137 |
Attractions
Parish Church of Notre-Dame-de-la-Nativité
The choir , transept and bell tower date from the 11th century and were restored in the 14th century. Located in the Gothic Revival held style nave was built in the early 20th century, designed by Charles Jevelle. The choir consists of a straight yoke with a barrel vault and a semicircular apse with a semi-domed vault. Below the choir is a small crypt , to the north an apsidiole. The choir was restored between 1988 and 1998, the apsidiole in 1981. Originally a wide staircase with an entrance to the nave was planned on the west side. Due to a lack of financial resources, this was not realized. A three-part window instead of a door is a reminder of the original building project.
The inner walls of the choir and the apse-idole are decorated with blind arcades . They are supported by narrow, slightly curved columns , the capitals of which are embellished in the form of entrelacs and foliage . The restoration work in the 1990s revealed that there were three arched windows in the south wall, which was replaced in the 15th century by a window with tracery in the flamboyant style .
In the southern arm of the transept a cippus from Gallo-Roman times can be seen, which was dedicated to the goddess Sequana , who was worshiped a few kilometers away at the sources of the Seine. It bears the following inscription: Deae Sequanae. Hilariclus Cl (audii) Aviti servos per Hilariano filio posuit. V (otum) S (alvit) L (ibens) M (erito) ( German to the goddess Sequana. Hilaricius Claudii, slave of Aviti, set this up for Hilarianus, his son. He willingly made a vow. ). The stele has been classified as a Monument historique since December 5, 1908 .
In the north arm of the transept, the gaze falls on a Gisant depicting Margaret of Burgundy, who died in 1277 . The figure lies on a grave slab with her feet leaning on a dog, a symbol of loyalty. Angels as Thuriferaren can be recognized on both sides of the head, which is covered with a close-fitting hood. Four praying monks at their side complete the work, which has been classified as a Monument historique since November 20, 1931 . More grave slabs can be seen in the church, including one with a carpenter's tools. A statue from the end of the 15th or the beginning of the 16th century depicting Mary with baby Jesus is also one of the classified monuments historiques . This is not always to be found in the church.
The choir, the transept and the bell tower have been classified as Monument historique since June 24, 1983 , and the nave has been inscribed as Monument historique since the same date .
Salmaise Castle
There was already a fortress on the site in the 10th century, which was rebuilt by the lords of Mont-Saint-Jean in the 12th century. Etienne de Mont-Saint-Jean rebelled against the Duke of Burgundy Hugo IV and had to give up the castle. The Dukes of Burgundy made Salmaise the seat of a castellany and strengthened the castle. In 1477, the French King Louis XI. the castle to his marshal Philipp von Hachberg-Sausenberg , whose descendants owned it for two centuries. In 1691 the property returned to the hands of the Crown, who subsequently obliged different owners, who left the castle buildings neglected. At the end of the 18th century the castle was in ruins.
The castle was built on a triangular ledge over the valley of the Oze. To the east it was protected by two deep trenches dug into the rock. The residential wing occupied the south side of the rock spur, the outbuildings were erected in an arch along the eastern trenches. The north side was reinforced by an irregular wall following the ledges of the rock. The house consisted of a rectangular tower, an elongated building and a barn that adjoined the moat. The buildings are built on the Eskarpemauer and on a substructure. The tower protruding from the residential wing has a ground floor and another floor. It has cross-frame windows on the south side and lattice windows on the north side. The western facade has a conspicuous multi-section and square chimney. A hexagonal stair tower is on the northeast corner outside the building. It towered over the square tower and served as a watchtower. The outbuildings on the trenches opened onto the inner courtyard. The northern building had a defensive function. It was built on the Eskarpemauer and on a substructure and was completely fitted with studs . The substructure provided access to a shooting hatch and a side gate at the far north of the trench.
Only the square tower, the stair tower and a Romanesque chapel are left of the medieval complex . The other buildings were restored or rebuilt after the Second World War . The chapel was dismantled and rebuilt between 1987 and 1993. The chapel has been inscribed as a Monument historique since September 25, 1928 , the remains of the former castle since September 26, 1928
Salmaise Castle
main building
Castle chapel
Market hall
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Market hall
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Etienne II de Mont Saint Jean gave the residents of Salmaise a certificate on May 12, 1265, in which they were declared free in return for an annual tax. The market hall, built in the second half of the 12th century, became a symbol of its new status. The traders held their weekly market there on Tuesdays and it was the scene of the five annual markets. It is a low, narrow building with a width of about 30 meters. Its roof made of lava stones is supported by a robust roof structure that rests on coarse pillars . Only a few monoliths are built in to give the material a little more quality. These could come from a temple that was located near the sources of the Seine. The last pillar on the north side is adorned with a coat of arms, which is now very blurred, with a crescent moon and three stars. It refers to the landlord of Salmaise Guillaume II de Mont Saint Jean, who died in 1250 during a crusade at the Battle of al-Mansura . Since 1982 these common figures have formed the municipality's coat of arms. The market hall has been classified as a monument historique since August 4, 1940 .
Wash houses
In 1856, on the initiative of the local council, a project was launched to manage and distribute the water from the source at the lake. The water from the village's wells was contaminated and the existing washhouses were too far away. The prefect approved the project in 1863. In addition to the construction of the water pipes, it provided for the construction of two identical wash houses with a public well and another large well. The work was completed in February 1866. New floor slabs were put in place in 1903, and the roofs of the wash houses were restored in 1983 and 1984.
Economy and Infrastructure
Salmaise is in the AOC des Époisses zone , a cheese made from cow's milk.
total = 14
traffic
Salmaise is crossed by Routes départementales 10, 26 and 117.
Lines of the TER Bourgogne-Franche-Comté , a regional train of the national SNCF , serve the routes from Dijon to Auxerre and from Is-sur-Tille to Venarey-les-Laumes via Dijon, which also cross the municipality. Salmaise itself has no breakpoint on these lines. The next stop is in the neighboring municipality of Verrey-sous-Salmaise
Web links
- Information about the Époisses (French)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Côte-d'Or ( fr ) habitants.fr. Retrieved September 6, 2019.
- ↑ L'Oze ( fr ) SANDRE (Service d'Administration Nationale des Données et Référentiels sur l'Eau). Retrieved September 6, 2019.
- ↑ Michel Mangin, Jean-Louis Courtadon, Philippe Fluzin, Eric de Laclos: Village, forges et parcellaire aux sources de la Seine: l'agglomération antique de Blessey-Salmaise (Côte d'Or) ( fr ) Annales littéraires de l'Université de Franche-Comté. P. 7. 2000. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
- ↑ Martine Plouvier: Essai d'histoire et de restitution architecturale des bâtiments de l'abbaye cistercienne de La Bussière ( fr , PDF) p. 276. Retrieved on September 9, 2019.
- ↑ Notice Communale Salmaise ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved September 6, 2019.
- ↑ Populations légales 2016 Commune de Salmaise (21580) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved September 6, 2019.
- ↑ L'église ( fr ) Les amis de Salmaise. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
- ↑ stèle (cippe) ( fr ) French Ministry of Culture . December 23, 1992. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
- ^ Monument funéraire d'une dame de Salmaise (gisant) ( fr ) French Ministry of Culture . December 23, 1992. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
- ^ Eglise Notre-Dame ( fr ) French Ministry of Culture . September 22, 2015. Accessed September 9, 2019.
- ↑ Château de Salmaise ( fr ) chateau-fort-manoir-chateau.eu. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
- ↑ Le château médiéval ( fr ) Les amis de Salmaise. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
- ^ Château (ancien) ( fr ) French Ministry of Culture . September 22, 2015. Accessed September 9, 2019.
- ^ Les halles ( fr ) Les amis de Salmaise. Accessed in 2019-1209-09.
- ^ Halle ( fr ) French Ministry of Culture . September 22, 2015. Accessed September 9, 2019.
- ↑ Les lavoirs ( fr ) Les amis de Salmaise. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
- ↑ Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité: Rechercher un produit ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved September 6, 2019.
- ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2015 Commune de Salmaise (21580) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved September 6, 2019.