The Dark Knight
| Movie | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| German title | The Dark Knight | ||
| Original title | The Dark Knight | ||
| Country of production |
United States , United Kingdom |
||
| original language | English | ||
| Publishing year | 2008 | ||
| length | 153 minutes | ||
| Age rating |
FSK 16 JMK 14 |
||
| Rod | |||
| Director | Christopher Nolan | ||
| script |
Jonathan Nolan , Christopher Nolan |
||
| production | Christopher Nolan, Charles Roven , Emma Thomas |
||
| music |
Hans Zimmer , James Newton Howard |
||
| camera | Wally Pfister | ||
| cut | Lee Smith | ||
| occupation | |||
| |||
| chronology | |||
| |||
The Dark Knight (dt. The Dark Knight ) is a US-American - British Action - Drama and a comic book adaptation directed by Christopher Nolan from the year 2008 , which on the by Bob Kane and Bill Finger -created Batman - myth is based. The feature film is the sequel to Nolan's Batman Begins from 2005. The third and final part of the trilogy is called The Dark Knight Rises , takes place eight years after The Dark Knight and was released in summer 2012.
action
Batman and the police officer Jim Gordon beginto fightthe crime in Gotham City with increasing successand bring, among others, thevillain Scarecrow, knownfrom Batman Begins, behind bars when suddenly a mysterious criminal appears, only known as the Joker . The made-up psychopath, whose corners of his mouthare twistedinto a kind of bizarre "permanent grin" through scars on the sides of his mouth, had already drawn attention to himself through a brutal bank robbery. Batman and Lieutenant Gordon decide to bring popular new District Attorney Harvey Dent, the Gotham's beacon of hope, to their fight against organized crime. Dent is now in a relationship with Bruce Wayne's childhood sweetheart Rachel Dawes.
The Mafia bosses of Gotham led by Salvatore Maroni, meanwhile fall more and more under pressure. They come to an agreement with the Chinese gang boss Yinglain Lau, who is supposed to keep their money safe. During a secret meeting, Lau informs them that he has confiscated the bosses' entire property and is now on his way back to Hong Kong . To the surprise of everyone present, the mysterious Joker storms into the meeting and predicts that Batman will follow Lau, who is playing the wrong game with his clients, everywhere and make him talk. Then he makes them the offer to kill Batman for 50 percent of their total fortune. The mafia bosses are still reluctant to get involved with the Joker. One of them, Gambol, accuses the Joker of attempted theft and even puts a bounty on him. However, this is his undoing a short time later when the Joker tricks into Gambol's hiding place and kills him with his knife after telling him a story about the origin of his scars. Then he takes Gambol's men into his service.
Meanwhile, Bruce Wayne, alias Batman, travels to Hong Kong with his ally Lucius Fox, where he can use the latest equipment to take control of Lau. He flies back to Gotham City with Lau and delivers him there to the police, putting the Mafia's assets at risk again. As a result, the city's mafia bosses contact the Joker in their desperation and ultimately accept his offer to take out Batman.
The Joker announces to Gotham residents through a video shown on television that they are killing people every day until Batman turns himself in to the police and publicly unmasked. Despite Gordon's precautionary measures, the first fatalities occur that same evening: the acting police commissioner Loeb is poisoned by whiskey and Judge Surrillo, who presides over the anti-Mafia proceedings, is blown up in her car at the same time. Meanwhile, the Joker, armed with his gang, storms Bruce Wayne's big fundraising gala, which Wayne organized in support of Harvey Dents, and is there in search of the prosecutor. But Wayne was able to hide Dent in time and move away from the event. As Batman, he now intervenes in the action and can barely save Dawes when the Joker threatens her and throws her out the window.
The Joker now announces the mayor of Gotham City as the next fatality. He tries to carry out this attack during a large funeral procession for the killed Commissioner Loeb. Lieutenant Gordon can see the danger at the last second and throws himself in front of the mayor when the disguised Joker shoots him. Gordon apparently dies in the process. Meanwhile, the Joker can dive into the angry crowd and escape. In order to finally be able to capture the Joker, Harvey Dent announces during a press conference the next day that he is Batman himself and is arrested. The prisoner transport with Dent is lured into a trap by the Joker. A chase breaks out through the streets of Gotham. When the Joker threatens the transporter in which Dent is sitting with a bazooka , Batman jumps in with his Batmobile , the Tumbler , and saves him. From the remains of the destroyed mobile, Batman creates the Batpod , a kind of motorcycle, in seconds . With his new vehicle he can finally put the Joker's truck out of action and confront his enemy. Lieutenant Gordon, who has only faked his death, appears last on the scene and can arrest the Joker.
Gordon is named the new commissioner for his service. However, the police discover that prosecutors Harvey Dent and Rachel Dawes disappeared without a trace shortly after the Joker was captured. During interrogation, the Joker reveals that Dawes and Dent are being held captive by members of his gang in various locations and that only one of the two can be saved by Batman. He gives Batman the two addresses, but deliberately swaps the names, which is why Batman unintentionally saves Dent and Dawes, for whom any help comes too late, dies. Dent, half immersed in oil during his imprisonment, caught fire while escaping the explosion, severely burning and disfiguring the left side of his face. Meanwhile, the Joker escapes from his cell through targeted provocation by a police officer. He detonates a cell phone bomb that he implanted in one of his men and is able to escape the police headquarters.
Coleman Reese, a young external auditor who has found access to various files at Wayne Enterprises and who previously discovered Bruce Wayne's secret identity, now decides to officially reveal this secret on television in the hope of putting an end to the terror of the Joker. The Joker, however, has other plans, and by calling the TV show in question, he calls on the residents of Gotham to kill “spoilsport” Reese within an hour. If this does not happen, he would blow up a hospital in Gotham. The population panics and there are indeed multiple attempts to kill Reese, but Gordon and Bruce Wayne can thwart them. Meanwhile, the Joker seeks Dent, who is completely broken inside by Dawes' death, in Gotham General Hospital. He frees the disfigured public prosecutor and stirs up hatred for the city's corrupt system. In addition, he convinces Dent with his crazy theories about anarchy and “fair chaos”, which have finally made the former public prosecutor crazy and into the criminal avenging angel Two-Face . Then, as announced, the Joker blows up the hospital and flees with a bus full of hostages.
With renewed threats on television, the Joker lures the frightened population into a mass exodus from the city. He equips two ferries, one with prisoners and the other with civilians on board, with loads of explosives and gives the passengers the remote detonators for the other ferry. The Joker gives the passengers the ultimatum to blow up the other ferry within half an hour in order to save their own ferry. Should the passengers refuse, he would again blow up both ships. However, the occupants of both ferries refuse to trigger the detonator. A prisoner takes the remote detonator from the hand of the head of the prisoner transport and throws it through a window into the water. On the other ferry, a man takes the detonator resolutely in his hand, but then puts it back in the box.
In the meantime, Batman can track down the Joker's whereabouts using a cell phone surveillance system invented by Wayne Enterprises. He immediately goes to the destination, a skyscraper that is still under construction, to ask the joker. The police SWAT units threaten to shoot the hostages present in the building because they initially fail to see through the Joker's deception, in which the Joker's men swapped roles with the hostages. In order to avoid fatalities, Batman is therefore forced to take out not only the actual criminals, but also several of the operating police officers in a heated battle. Then Batman finds the Joker on one of the upper floors.
There is a final duel between the two archenemies, in which the Joker Batman comes across a window on scaffolding attached to the outside. There he pegs the dark knight and then wants to blow up both ferries. Batman can thwart this at the last moment and hurl the Joker over the scaffolding into the depths. However, due to his code, he cannot bring himself to let his enemy die and saves him with his grappling hook. The Joker, now hanging upside down on the scaffolding, plays his last trump card: He reveals to Batman what he has previously done to Dent and brags that he has achieved his real goal of robbing Gotham of its best law enforcement officer, Harvey Dent. The shaken Batman leaves the Joker to the approaching police officers and immediately goes in search of the former prosecutor.
He is meanwhile on a personal campaign of revenge against the people he sees responsible for Dawes' death, and lets chance decide between life and death by flipping a coin. In his vengeance, he shoots several of the corrupt police officers and also tries to kill Mafia boss Salvatore Maroni, in which he sees the original mastermind of all the disasters.
Next, he kidnaps Gordon's family because he wants revenge on Gordon in his madness. He calls the commissioner and informs the commissioner that he has his family hostage and lures him to the same ruined warehouse where Rachel previously lost her life. There he overpowers Gordon and, in his schizophrenic madness, accuses him of belonging to the corrupt as well. In revenge for Rachel Dawes' death, he now wants to kill the one person Gordon loves most. When Dent grabs Gordon's son and wants to kill the boy, Batman appears and convinces the former prosecutor to take revenge only on the three "real culprits": Batman, Gordon and Dent himself. Dent gives in and throws in twice the coin. He shoots Batman down and spares himself. When he starts the third coin toss about the fate of Gordon's son, Batman, unharmed by his suit, throws himself in between, pushes Dent off the edge of the warehouse and thus saves the boy's life. Dent dies in the fall.
In order not to rob people of the belief in Harvey Dent as the savior with a face, Batman agrees to take the blame for Dent's murders on himself. Commissioner Gordon is appalled, but recognizes the need for the lie and reluctantly agrees. Batman escapes into the night on his Batpod and is now wanted by the police.
production
Casting
In an interview with the film magazine Cinema , Christian Bale had stated that he had signed a contract for a total of three Batman parts, so he took on the role of Batman again. There were also actors Morgan Freeman , Gary Oldman and Michael Caine , who had previously appeared in Batman Begins . Maggie Gyllenhaal was chosen for the role of Rachel Dawes this time after Katie Holmes announced that she was no longer available for a sequel. In early August 2006, the Warner Bros film studio confirmed that Heath Ledger had already signed for the role of Joker after Robin Williams had requested several times, but was rejected. Heath Ledger died on January 22, 2008 shortly after filming was completed.
design
Much work has gone into much of the Batman equipment featured in the film. While Christopher Nolan and his design team were responsible for the designs, most of it was worked out by production designer Nathan Crowley and costume designer Lindy Hemming and finally realized by Chris Corbould and his team. The director clarifies his intentions in the interview: “In the continuation of the story, we can now demonstrate how Batman continues to upgrade himself technically, without it appearing implausible. What I particularly like about him: He has no superpowers - just a lot of wealth. "
The tumbler , the Batmobile from Batman Begins , was also used in this film. Nolan and Crowley also wanted something innovative. “[...] we also wanted to make something new available to Batman, a modern means of transport, very exotic and very dynamic. A two-wheeler that is clearly not a motorcycle. Basically, the bat-pod in the motorcycle sector represents what the tumbler does in the car sector. ”Corbould and his team were given the task of making the bat-pod a reality using a full-size model. In the film, the vehicle was driven by professional stunt driver Jean-Pierre Goy.
Batman's suit has been completely redesigned. Hemming and her team have improved the outfit in favor of more flexibility and greater comfort. The new suit was made from 200 individual parts made of rubber, fiberglass and nylon and a metallic mesh. Graham Churchyard was responsible for the costume effects. Conor O'Sullivan and Robert Trenton took care of the makeup of the Joker. A completely new silicone-based process was used that made it possible to apply mask parts seamlessly to the skin. This technique took two years to develop.
Filming
The shooting took place from April 18 to November 11, 2007. Chicago was again chosen as the location for Gotham City . The film was also shot in London and Hong Kong. For the first time in a “normal” movie (ie a strip shot on 35 mm film ), four large action sequences totaling around 30 minutes in length were shot in IMAX format. In the IMAX version of The Dark Knight , these sequences are shown in full size on the screen, whereas the 35 mm portions ( improved in quality via IMAX DMR ) are "letterboxed" .
In September 2007, while preparing for a stunt with the Batmobile, a serious accident occurred at a special effects facility near Chertsey, England. Technician Conway Wickliffe was killed when his car crashed into a tree while leaning out of the window filming another stunt vehicle.
Film music
Hans Zimmer and James Newton Howard composed the film music together, as they did for Batman Begins . The 73-minute soundtrack , divided into 14 pieces , was published on August 22, 2008 via Warner Bros. Even before the script for The Dark Knight was completed, a complete theme was written, but it did not appear in the predecessor. Hans Zimmer told Soundtrack.net , “We hoped from the start that the film would be well received and that there would be another one, so we wanted the character to develop. He has not yet earned the theme! ”To this end, the two composers came up with various music themes for the character of the Joker. Altogether there are three separate themes: an aggressive sound carpet made up of drums and keyboard variants, a fast string theme and a single, drawn out note that is supposed to convey to the audience that something is wrong. Hans Zimmer looked for the "sound of anarchy" for the figure of the Joker. In the Arte documentary The Sound for Hollywood , Hans Zimmer explains: “I wondered what would happen if we didn't create the mood by playing different notes together, but within one note. It should start slightly worried, get angry and in the end you piss your pants in fear. ”The Swiss cellist Martin Tillman crosses this one note, slowly at first, then ascending, always on the same cello string, eerie and disturbing.
synchronization
The German synchronization was for a dialogue book by Klaus Bickert and the dialogue director of Tobias Meister on behalf of RC production .
| role | actor | Voice actor |
|---|---|---|
| Bruce Wayne / Batman | Christian Bale | David Nathan |
| Alfred Pennyworth | Michael Caine | Jürgen Thormann |
| Lucius Fox | Morgan Freeman | Klaus Sunshine |
| James Gordon | Gary Oldman | Udo Schenk |
| Rachel Dawes | Maggie Gyllenhaal | Natascha Schaff |
| joker | Heath Ledger | Simon hunter |
| Harvey Dent | Aaron Eckhart | Tom Vogt |
| Jonathan Crane / The Scarecrow | Cillian Murphy | Norman Matt |
reception
success
The film premiered on July 14, 2008 in New York and opened on August 21, 2008 in German, Austrian and Swiss cinemas. In the USA, the film had grossed 155.34 million US dollars on the opening weekend according to the distribution company and 158.41 million US dollars according to the IMDb . This is the highest non-inflation-adjusted result in US cinema history. With around $ 67.85 million in box office revenue, the film also had the best launch day and achieved a new record with $ 18.49 million in box office revenue from the midnight screenings on the start day alone. A new record for the IMAX cinemas was set at 6.2 million dollars. The film was shown in 4,366 cinemas and thus in more than any other film before. Within 18 days, The Dark Knight had grossed $ 400 million in the USA, setting another record; the previous record holder Shrek 2 - The daredevil hero returns had taken 43 days. The Dark Knight was the second film ever to hit the $ 500 million mark in the US and did so on the 45th day - 53 days faster than Titanic .
In total, The Dark Knight has grossed over a billion US dollars, of which 533.3 million US dollars in the USA alone. It ranks 39th (as of August 8, 2020) on the list of the world's most successful films . The cost of production was $ 185 million.
In 2016, Nolan's directorial work was ranked 33rd out of the 100 most important films of the 21st century in a survey by the BBC . The year before, The Dark Knight was 96th in the BBC's poll of the 100 most important American films.
Reviews
The Dark Knight was received almost exclusively positively, sometimes even euphorically. The acting performance of Heath Ledger was consistently highlighted . Christiane Peitz described him in the Tagesspiegel as “not a simple bad guy. He is monster, Mephisto and punk, Marlon Brando and Sid Vicious , an animal, a force of nature, horror [...] Heath Ledger is not an artist, but an anarchist. "The gong wrote that the character of the Joker" is no longer ironic and playful like Jack Nicholson's once "," this joker is an ethical, uninhibited, but highly intelligent psychopath. "
For the professor of film studies Jerome Charyn , who wrote a review in the time , Batman degenerated into the "key word and henchman of the Joker". With this, “the pesky Hollywood craze of cannibalizing every superhero on earth finally resulted in the first masterpiece.” He compares the film with Iron Man , which is “made intelligently” but, unlike The Dark Knight, not of the mind of the glorious comic strip . So was The Dark Knight "an amoral film, despite the usual Hollywood end where the aufgepappte Good seemingly prevailed [...]. Heath Ledger's Mega Joker became the nation's new hero [...] and its death mask. Presumably it will trigger a new comic boom and a wave of other films. But it is doubtful whether the result will be a film that is as subtle as The Dark Knight . There will only be copycats. "
Barbara Schweizerhof from taz saw the hype as the reason for the success of the film , which became so great after the death of Heath Ledger that “the actual start of the film seemed like a relief.” She attested the film to “exciting entertainment. [...] There are great chases , breathtaking explosions and fateful twists and turns. But the film is not a revelation. Like so many superhero film adaptations, it basically lasts too long and struggles to mask its lack of real drama with a lot of pathetic talk about the difficulty of being a hero when dealing with evil. The allusions to current situations of the ' War on Terror ' are better not taken seriously. "
The weekly newspaper Die Zeit about Heath Ledger's acting performance in the film: “To what extent Heath Ledger's performance as an opponent of Batman in Dark Knight would have been recognized without the tragic death of the actor cannot be answered today. What is certain, however, is that Ledger fills the role of the Joker with an intensity that leaves almost all of his dark predecessors far behind. Ledger does not play the joker, he is the joker for 152 minutes. "
The film was awarded the rating of particularly valuable by the Filmbewertungsstelle Wiesbaden (FBW) .
The Dark Knight got the most enthusiastic response on the Internet. The users of the Internet Movie Database rated the film with an average of 9.0 points on the 10-point scale (as of September 25, 2018), which puts it just behind third place (also with 9.0 points) and thus the fourth highest rated film ever. The film is also represented in various other categories. It's the highest rated action movie of all time. It is also number one among the best thrillers of all time, number four in both the “Crime” and “Drama” categories and number one among the best films of the first decade of the 21st century.
The lexicon of international films also sees The Dark Knight as a successful film spectacle: “Masterfully staged blockbuster cinema that, between rousing action scenes and emotional drama, revolves around the means by which a constitutional system can be defended without itself [to] its legitimacy and integrity. to lose. The film comes up with furious music and, right down to the supporting roles, with first-class cast and impressively contoured characters. "
Awards
The Dark Knight has received over 81 awards from over 141 nominations, including 32 for Heath Ledger's portrayal of the Joker. These were among others:
- Best Supporting Actor for Heath Ledger
- Best sound editing for Richard King
- Nomination for Best Production Design for Nathan Crowley and Peter Lando
- Nomination for Best Cinematography for Wally Pfister
- Nomination for Best Editing for Lee Smith
- Nomination in the Best Make-up category for John Caglione junior and Conor O'Sullivan
- Nomination in the Best Sound category for Ed Novick , Lora Hirschberg and Gary Rizzo
- Nominations for Best Visual Effects for Nick Davis , Chris Corbould , Tim Webber, and Paul J. Franklin
- Best Supporting Actor for Heath Ledger
- Best Supporting Actor for Heath Ledger
- Nomination in the category for best film music for Hans Zimmer and James Newton Howard
- Wally Pfister was nominated in the Best Camera category
- Nomination in the Best Sound category for Ed Novick, Lora Hirschberg and Gary Rizzo
- Nomination in the category Best Costumes for Lindy Hemming
- Nomination in the category Best Mask for Peter Robb-King
- Nomination for Best Production Design for Nathan Crowley and Peter Lando
- Nomination for Best Editing for Lee Smith
- Nominations for Best Visual Effects for Nick Davis, Chris Corbould, Tim Webber, and Paul J. Franklin
- Best composed soundtrack album for film, television or visual media for Hans Zimmer and James Newton Howard
- Best action / adventure / thriller film
- Best Screenplay : Christopher and Jonathan Nolan
- Best special effects
- Best music
- Best Supporting Actor for Heath Ledger
- AFI Awards 2008
- International Award: Best Actor for Heath Ledger
- Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards 2009
- Best action film for Christopher Nolan , Charles Roven and Emma Thomas
- Best Supporting Actor for Heath Ledger
- 4 more nominations
- Best Supporting Actor for Heath Ledger
- Best foreign film
- Best villain for Heath Ledger
- Nomination for Best Picture for Christopher Nolan, Charles Roven and Emma Thomas
- Nomination in the Best Actor category for Christian Bale
- Nomination for Best Fight Sequence for Christian Bale and Heath Ledger
- Best director for Christopher Nolan
- Best Supporting Actor for Heath Ledger
- Best camera for Wally Pfister
- Nomination for Best Picture for Christopher Nolan, Charles Roven and Emma Thomas
- Nomination for Best Editing for Lee Smith
- Nomination in the Best Adapted Screenplay category for Christopher Nolan and David S. Goyer
- Best movie
- Best action film
- Best cast
- Best screen duo for Christian Bale and Heath Ledger
- Best superhero for Christian Bale
- Best sound for Richard King, Lora Hirschberg and Gary Rizzo
- Nomination in the category Best Director for Christopher Nolan
- Nomination for Best Supporting Actor for Heath Ledger
- Nominations for Best Visual Effects for Nick Davis, Chris Corbould, Tim Webber, and Paul J. Franklin
- Nomination for Best Editing for Lee Smith
- Best Supporting Actor for Heath Ledger
- Best stunt ensemble
parody
In the episode teething troubles (OT: Hot Shots , season 15, episode 6 ) of the animated series Family Guy , the main character Peter blows up a building while he walks in front of it. He is made up like the Joker and disguised as a nurse, like Heath Ledger when he destroyed the hospital. Peter then wonders what he's going to do next. He says he needs to go home and overdose, alluding to how the actor died.
literature
- Jody Duncan Jesser, Janine Pourroy: Batman - The Making of the Dark Knight Trilogy. Knesebeck, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-86873-460-7 , pp. 158-189.
- Anna Maucher: The fascination of an antagonistic cult figure - A comparative figure analysis of the "Joker" from the films "Batman" (1989) and "The Dark Knight" (2008). GRIN Verlag, Munich 2017, ISBN 978-3-668-58876-9 .
- Dennis O'Neil : The Dark Knight. (= Novel about the film). Panini, Stuttgart, 2008, ISBN 978-3-8332-1747-0 .
- Brandon T. Snider: The Dark Knight Handbook - Tools, Weapons, Vehicles & Documents from the Bath Cave. Panini, Stuttgart, 2012, ISBN 978-3-8332-2555-0 .
- Barbara Wopperer: "I believe whatever doesn't kill you simply makes you ... stranger": Discourses of terrorism and counter-terrorism in The Dark Knight ( Memento from March 18, 2016 in the Internet Archive ). In: Broc Russell, Bruno Starrs (Eds.): Reconstruction: Studies in Contemporary Culture. Volume 11, No. 4/2011, December 2011, ISSN 1547-4348 , p. 20 (English).
Web links
- Official website for the film
- The Dark Knight in the Internet Movie Database (English)
- The Dark Knight at Rotten Tomatoes (English)
- The Dark Knight at Metacritic (English)
- The Dark Knight in the online movie database
- The Dark Knight in the German dubbing file
- English-language report on the IMAX filming
- Comparison of the cut versions Pro7 from 12 - FSK 16 by The Dark Knight at Schnittberichte.com
Individual evidence
- ^ Certificate of Release for The Dark Knight . Voluntary self-regulation of the film industry , November 2008 (PDF; test number: 114 752 DVD).
- ↑ Age rating for The Dark Knight . Youth Media Commission .
- ↑ a b Everything about "The Dark Knight". Retrieved October 24, 2016 .
- ↑ Batman's new suit ( Memento from August 10, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Special about costumes and masks on batmannews.de
- ^ Stuntman died filming Batman car chase . In: The Guardian . 3 November 2008. (English)
- ↑ Hans Zimmer on the Dark Knight soundtrack
- ↑ Hans Zimmer - The Sound for Hollywood . Documentary by Ariane Riecker and Dirk Schneider, 2011, 50 min. Produced by Looks Medienproduktionen GmbH on behalf of the NDR in cooperation with Arte
- ↑ The Dark Knight. In: synchronkartei.de. German dubbing file , accessed on March 2, 2017 .
- ↑ Andreas Vogel: The Dark Knight . In: The page turning . August 26, 2008. Retrieved August 26, 2008.
- ↑ a b IMDb Box office / business - Page for The Dark Knight
- ↑ a b c Box Office entry from The Dark Knight
- ↑ Top Lifetime big things. Box Office Mojo, accessed August 8, 2020 .
- ↑ The 100 greatest American films at bbc.com, July 20, 2015 (accessed August 24, 2016).
- ^ Christiane Peitz: Who Laughs Last. In: Der Tagesspiegel. August 17, 2008, accessed August 20, 2008 .
- ↑ Gong 34/2008, p. 111
- ↑ Jerome Charyn: America's Death Mask. In: The time . August 14, 2008. Retrieved August 20, 2008 .
- ^ Barbara Schweizerhof: The summer ghost. In: the daily newspaper. July 30, 2008. Retrieved August 20, 2008 .
- ↑ Markus Zinsmaier, Christian Lässig: Evil on the canvas. In: The time. August 22, 2008, accessed September 6, 2008 .
- ^ Filmbewertungsstelle Wiesbaden: ( Memento from February 12, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) The Dark Knight
- ↑ The Dark Knight . In: two thousand and one . Accessed May 25, 2012.
- ^ "Family Guy" Hot Shots (TV episode 2016). In: imdb.com. Retrieved March 10, 2018 .