Nussdorf-Debant

market community Nussdorf-Debant
coat of arms	Austria map
Basic data
Country:	Austria
State :	Tyrol
Political District :	Lienz
License plate :	LZ
Surface:	53.43 km²
Coordinates :	46 ° 50 '  N , 12 ° 49'  E Coordinates: 46 ° 49 '54 "  N , 12 ° 48' 53"  E
Height :	674  m above sea level A.
Residents :	3,360 (January 1, 2020)
Postal code :	9990
Area code :	4852
Community code :	7 07 19
Address of the municipal administration:	Hermann Gmeiner Strasse 4 9990 Nussdorf-Debant
Website:	www.nussdorf-debant.at
politics
Mayor :	Andreas Pfurner (NUSSDORF DEBANT WINS)
Municipal Council : (2016) (15 members)	10 NUSSDORF-DEBANT WINS (NDG), 5 per NUSSDORF-DEBANT (ProND)
Location of Nußdorf-Debant in the Lienz district
Source: Municipal data from Statistics Austria

Nußdorf-Debant is a market town with 3360 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2020) in the Austrian district of Lienz ( Tyrol ). The municipality is located in the judicial district of Lienz and covers 53.44 km² large parts of the Debant valley and parts of the Lienz basin, with two thirds of the municipality being part of the Hohe Tauern National Park under nature protection.

The community area was already settled in the late Neolithic and was home to the Breitegg, one of the most important archaeological sites in the district. In the Middle Ages the area was part of the Slavic Principality of Carantania and the County of Gorizia , in 1501 it was incorporated into the County of Tyrol. In the 19th century the communities of Obernussdorf and Unterstussdorf were established, which were combined in 1939 to form today's community of Nußdorf-Debant.

After the Second World War, Nussdorf-Debant profited greatly from its proximity to the district capital Lienz . After the Second World War, the community population quadrupled to 3,227 residents by 2008 as a result of company settlements and the move to the Lienz agglomeration. This is the third highest population of any municipality in East Tyrol. Tourism plays a subordinate role economically in the municipality, agriculture is declining, especially in the district of Debant, due to the pressure of the settlement.

geography

location

Population distribution
fraction	population
Debant	2250
Nussdorf	702
Nussdorf Mountain	114
Debanttal	31

The municipality of Nußdorf-Debant is located in eastern East Tyrol and is 53.44  km² in size. It encompasses part of the northern Lienz basin and most of the Debant valley . 35.3 km² or 67% of the community area belong to the Hohe Tauern National Park. This is the highest percentage of all Tyrolean national park communities. Nussdorf-Debant is divided into two cadastral communities and four districts. The majority of the populated area is in the south of the municipality, whereby two local centers have formed. Nussdorf lies at an altitude of ( 713  m above sea level ) at the foot of the Nussdorfer mountain, Debant at the exit of the Debant valley at an altitude of ( 633  m above sea level ). The highest mountain in the municipality is the Hochschober with a height of 3242  m above sea level. A.

Community structure

The main settlement areas of Nussdorf-Debant

View of Nussdorf-Debant from the south

Administratively, Nussdorf-Debant is divided into two cadastral communities . The southwestern cadastral community of Unterussdorf includes the district of Nußdorf and that part of Debants, which is west of Andrä-Idl-Straße. The remaining part of Debants, the Nussdorfer Berg and the Debanttal belong to the much larger cadastral community of Obernussdorf. The subdivision of the cadastral communities goes back to the borders of the communities Ober- and Unterstussdorf that existed until 1938.

The district of Unternußdorf (also simply called Nußdorf) around the Nussdorf parish church is the original center of the community. It lies at the foot of the Nussdorfer Berg, a foothill of the Zettersfeld, and in 2001 was inhabited by around 23% of the community's population. In addition, the Wartschenbach settlement , located west of the center and divided by the Wartschenbach between Gaimberg and Nussdorf, belongs to Nussdorf . The population growth after the Second World War shifted the center of the community to the now much larger district of Debant, which is located on the western side of the flat Debantbachschuttkegel at the exit of the Debant valley. Debant, originally a small hamlet, was inhabited by around 73% of the community's population in 2001. In addition to the two large districts, there is a scattered settlement of the former municipality of Obernussdorf in the area of ​​Nussdorfer Berg, which is divided into Mitterberg and Hochberg and in 2001 comprised only 4% of the population. The Debant Valley, a high valley around 17 kilometers long, comprises the largest part of the municipality, but is practically uninhabited.

Land use

Due to the fact that the Debant Valley is part of the municipal area, alpine pastures make up the largest share of the municipal area with 47.1%. 33.4% are wasted land, construction areas and traffic areas, 13.2% are forests. Agricultural land accounts for 5.8% of the municipal area and water bodies for 0.5%. In a district comparison, Nußdorf-Debant has a much higher proportion of alpine pastures (East Tyrol: 37.6%), less forest (East Tyrol: 29.1%) and more wasteland (East Tyrol: 24.3%).

Neighboring communities

Nussdorf-Debant with its neighboring communities

The Hochschober, the highest peak in the municipality

Nussdorf-Debant borders on numerous communities in East Tyrol and Carinthia through the elongated Debant valley. In the north-west, the community borders on Kals am Großglockner along the three-thousand-meter peaks Hochschober and Glödis . The south-western border also runs along a ridge of the Schober group and separates Nussdorf-Debant from Ainet and Thurn . There is no direct traffic connection to any of the three municipalities due to the high mountain border. In the south, the municipality extends into the Lienz basin and borders on Gaimberg and Lienz along the Wartschenbach , with Lienz as the district capital and the economic, social and medical center of the district being of particular importance for Nussdorf-Debant. In the south, the municipality extends to the Drau , which separates Nussdorf-Debant from Tristach . The eastern border of the municipality runs over long stretches along the Debantbach, which forms the border with Dölsach . The border to the Geißkofel branches off from the Rohracheralm and then runs north, where the municipal border also forms the state border with Carinthia. There is no direct transport connection to the Carinthian communities of Heiligenblut am Großglockner , Großkirchheim and Winklern .

geology

The municipality of Nussdorf-Debant lies entirely in the area of ​​the Schober group , which consists of east-alpine old crystalline and forms part of the middle- east alpine old crystalline southern frame of the Tauern window . The old crystalline of the Schober group is pushed onto the rock layers of the Matreier zone or the Tauern window. The rear Debanttal is divided into two tectonic units. To the south of the Kleiner Barren - Mirnitzbach - Weißwandspitzen line, the ceiling of the sloping hillside complex, which slopes flat to the south, consists of eclogite amphibite-bearing paragneiss . During the Carboniferous , these gneisses were pushed onto a lying complex that contains occurrences of mica slate , graphite slate and hornblende slate . The ridge region of the Schober group between Hochschober, Glödis and Weißenwandspitze consists of coarse-block weathered biotite - plagioclase - mica schist.

Morphology and Glaciology

The trough valley of the Debantbach was largely shaped by glaciers, which sank the valley head 1,000 meters deep and planed it into a trough-shaped trough. The trough shoulders are usually over 2,200 meters, the trough walls drop steeply. The moraine area around the Lienzer Hütte and the Hofalm was also shaped by glaciers. There are numerous rock humps ( round humps ) and glacier scrapes that have been abraded by glaciers . Today only insignificant, unmoved glacier remains have survived in the Debant valley. The larger ice surface, the Viehkofelkees, is located below the Ralfkopf. Another glacier remnant exists east of the Hochschobers. In addition to the ice surfaces, there are small active, inactive and fossil rock glaciers in the Debant valley . The largest active rock glaciers in the municipality are in the area of ​​the Gössnitz, Weißen and Perschitzkars.

mountains

The highest peaks of the Schober group in Nußdorf-Debant are on the municipal border with Kals am Großglockner and the state border with Carinthia. The northernmost point of the municipality on the border with Kals am Großglockner and Carinthia is formed by the southern Talleitenspitze ( 3113  m ). To the west, the municipal boundary to Kals runs over several important peaks of the Schober group, the Glödis ( 3206  m ), the Ralfkopf ( 3106  m ), the Debantgrat ( 3055  m ) and the Hochschober ( 3242  m ). There are also several three-thousand-meter peaks in the Schober group on the border with Carinthia. These are from north to south the Gössnitzkopf ( 3096  m ), the Keeskopf ( 3081  m ) and the Hohe Perschitzkopf ( 3125  m ). In the area of ​​the Zettersfeld there is also the much-visited peak of the Schleinitz ( 2904  m ).

Waters

The Debantbach in the district Debant

The determining brook of the municipality is the Debantbach , which is one of the few flowing waters in the Hohe Tauern National Park that is not fed by a glacier, but exclusively from springs. In the upper reaches of the stream is still largely unobstructed and can meander unhindered . At the Seichenalm the brook forms a small pond, which is partly silted up and has the character of a moor. In the area of ​​the Debant valley there are further fens and intermediate moors . In the lower reaches, the Debantbach is used for energy by three power plant levels. All tributaries of the Debantbach are on the right-hand side in the municipality of Nussdorf-Debant. These are Mirnitzbach, Shoulderbach, Trelebitschbach, Nußdorfer Bach and other smaller streams. On the left, Gössnitzbach and Perschnitzbach belong to the municipality, the other tributaries on the left belong to Dölsach . Outside the Debant valley, the Wartschenbach flows through the eastern municipality. It rises on the Zettersfeld and flows southeast to the confluence of Debantbach and Drau in the municipality of Dölsach. The Drau itself forms the border to Tristach in the south of Nussdorf-Debant over a length of around one kilometer . Nussdorf-Debant has some smaller mountain lakes that are located in the upper reaches of smaller streams. The largest of the mountain lakes is the Trelebitschsee.

climate

Climate diagram of the neighboring district capital Lienz

Since there is no measuring station in Nussdorf-Debant, there are no exact records of the community's climate. However, due to the proximity of the settlements to the weather station in the district capital Lienz, it is comparable with the climatic data measured there. The coldest month of the year in the Lienz basin is January, the highest temperatures are measured in the summer months of July and August. The highest rainfall also falls in the summer months, with the month of October being almost as rainy. Fog rarely occurs in the Lienz Basin, but in winter, due to inversion weather conditions, mighty cold-air lakes form .

history

Name story

Nussdorf parish church

Nussdorf was mentioned for the first time in the tradition book of the Brixen monastery, which was written between 1065 and 1072 . The noble Scrot, presumably a descendant of the high nobility, donated all of his property in Nussdorf (“in pago Nuzdorf”) to the Brixen monastery through a contract. A certain Pancratius, who was dependent on the Brixen monastery, gave the Brixen cathedral chapter together with his son a hat in Nussdorf. Debant appeared in the documents that have been preserved for the first time in 1274, when Heinrich Suewus donated a field in "dewin" (Debant) to the church in Nussdorf. The first documented mention of Debant is also the first documentary mention of the Nussdorf church , which belonged to the Dölsach parish.

While the place name Nussdorf is probably derived from the nut trees growing here, the place name Debant (the emphasis is on the first syllable) goes back to the stream of the same name. The word origin of the name Debant has been preserved in the dialect form "Deb'n", which is still in use today, and has Celtic roots, which, like the Latin words "divius" and "divinus", are derived from the original word for "divine". The name researcher Eberhard Kranzmayer also suspected that the name was preserved by the Slavs through the Old Slavic word "devina" (girl).

Prehistory and Antiquity

Relief stone "Norisches Mädchen" from Roman times, heraldic figure of Nussdorf-Debant

The present municipality of Nussdorf-Debant was already settled in the late Neolithic . Excavations in the 1980s on the Breitegg unearthed a settlement that was already inhabited around 1900 to 1800 BC. After settlers with close ties to the Laibach cultural area initially lived on the Breitegg, settled around 1200 BC. Representatives of the Laugen-Melaun culture from the Adige Valley come here. After a possibly violent end to this culture around 900 BC. From the early Iron Age onwards, the settlement was mainly used for trade in a reduced form. The settlement area was mainly used for ceramics and cloth production and as a location for a copper smelter. Around 700 BC The place was abandoned after a fire.

In the centuries that followed, the Lienz valley floor remained a transit point for various cultures. During the 2nd century BC The Celts migrated to the Lienz Basin and divided it from 100 BC onwards. In the Kingdom of Noricum . Around 15 BC The Romans peacefully integrated Noricum into the Roman Empire . The Romans established the city of Aguntum in the Lienz Basin , the center of the city was in the neighboring municipality of Dölsach . Roman ruins in today's municipal area were first mentioned in the 16th century in the travelogues "Histria" by the poet Johann Putsch . The low vaults and corridors of the hypocaust complex led to the legend that a “dwarf city” existed here. Investigations using ground radar by the University of Innsbruck in 2006 led to the discovery of the villa of a Roman merchant in the “Gline” hallway. During excavation work in 2007 and 2008, parts of this villa with the largest Roman floor mosaics in Tyrol were uncovered.

middle Ages

After Germanic tribes had repeatedly devastated Aguntum from the 3rd century AD, in 610 a decisive battle broke out at Aguntum between the Bavarians advancing from the north and the Slavs advancing from the east . The victorious Slavs subsequently settled the Lienz basin and the Isel region and incorporated the area into the Principality of Carantania . In the 8th century Carantania came under the control of the Duchy of Bavaria and the Lienz basin and the Isel region were gradually settled by Bavarian colonists. Duke Tassilo III. also initiated the Christianization of the region in 769 with the establishment of the San Candido monastery . As a result, the language and culture of the Slavs were gradually supplanted by the colonists. The area Nussdorf-Debants imputed Emperor Charlemagne 811 with the field left the Drava Church of the Archdiocese of Salzburg . Since the Bavarians were able to gradually expand their sphere of influence up to the middle of the 10th century, Emperor Otto II separated the Duchy of Carinthia from Bavaria, which reached into the Tauern region in the west and included the Lienz basin.

The west of Carinthia belonged to the County of Lurngau in the High Middle Ages and was ruled by the Counts of Gorizia from the 12th century until the beginning of the modern era , who extended their county from their center of power Lienz to the Adriatic coast. The land register of the Counts of Görz from 1299 also recorded data on the economic structure of today's municipality for the first time through the recorded natural interest. At that time, agriculture was strongly focused on cattle and dairy farming, in 1380 the two Rotten Ober- and Unterstussdorf farms in the area comprised 30 farms, which were almost exclusively subject to free pen law . From 1331 the small aristocratic Murgot family lived on one of the farms and expanded their farm into a Gothic style residence. The small branch church belonging to the parish Dölsach was rebuilt or at least greatly expanded around the second half of the 15th century.

Modern times

The 17th century Saint New Year's Chapel

After the death of Count Leonhard von Görz, the Görz possessions fell to Maximilian I in 1500 , who incorporated them into the County of Tyrol in February 1501. Maximilian only retained the sovereignty and in 1501 sold the county of Gorizia to Michael von Wolkenstein-Rodenegg . Due to the sale of the rule, the planned conversion of the free pen law into inheritance failed .

Records from the 16th century allowed for the first time a complete overview of the existing farms and manors at that time. The land tax cadastre of the Lienz regional court from 1575 shows 18 rural economic units for the Unterussdorf group and 27 for the Obernussdorf group. The manors over the farms were in the hands of secular and ecclesiastical masters, but so fragmented that there was no predominant manorial system. While the ecclesiastical mansions and the Lienz pledges were permanent owners, there was a constant change of ownership among the aristocratic and the isolated bourgeois manors. In addition to the farms, there was hardly any trade, but Baron Christoph von Wolkenstein had a brass factory built in Lienz in 1564 , which had operating facilities in the Rotte Obernussdorf. The brass factory processed ore from East and South Tyrol and was closed in 1824.

After the bankruptcy of the Wolkensteiner counts in 1653, the Haller Damenstift acquired the Lienz district court with the Rotten Ober- and Unterstussdorf. The Nussdorf Church was expanded in the second half of the 17th century. In 1670 donors also built the St. New Year's Eve chapel in the small hamlet of Debant at the time . The reorganization of the parish by Emperor Joseph II in 1785 led to the elevation of the Nussdorf branch church to local chaplaincy for the Rotten Ober- and Unterstussdorf.

The Lienz basin as part of the Eisack district in 1808

Austria's defeats in the coalition wars against Napoleon Bonaparte led to the cession of Tyrol to Bavaria in 1805. After the occupation of Lienz in August 1809 under General Rusca, however, the Tyrolean and Sexten riflemen decided the battle of the Lienzer Klause for themselves. In retaliation, Rusca set the villages of the Lienz basin on fire on August 8th. In Debant, eleven houses burned down in the course of the arson. After the final occupation of East Tyrol by French troops in December 1809, Ober- and Unterussdorf were incorporated with the rest of East Tyrol into the province of Upper Carinthia of the Illyrian provinces and belonged to the canton of Lienz. Foreign rule ended as early as 1813 and under Emperor Franz I the administrative structure of the Illyrian provinces was abolished again. East Tyrol was incorporated into the state of Tyrol and the Rotten elevated to political communities. The municipalities of Obernussdorf and Unterstussdorf emerged in what is now the municipality of Nußdorf-Debant.

The most urgent problem for the rural population was the continuing tax burden due to the free pen law. In 1835 the Bruneck district chief Theodor von Kern succeeded in having half of all taxes canceled. The revolution of 1848 led to the final liberation of the peasants and basic relief. Since early alpinism was mainly concentrated in the Großglockner and Großvenediger area, Ober- and Unterstussdorf initially hardly benefited from tourism. The construction of the Lienzer Hütte in 1890 opened up the Debant valley, but the two communities were unable to establish themselves as tourist destinations. Since there were no larger commercial enterprises, Ober- and Unterussdorf remained almost exclusively rural communities until the Second World War.

Between the wars and the Second World War

After the end of Austria-Hungary, the rural population suffered less economically than the urban population due to the possibility of self-sufficiency. However, the global economic crisis led to foreclosure auctions of farms in East Tyrol from the end of the 1920s. The NSDAP profited from the economic hardship , whose propaganda concentrated from February 1931 on Lienz and the neighboring communities. In 1934 the number of party members of the NSDAP in Unterussdorf was 8.4%, the second highest value of a community in East Tyrol, and there was one of the few SA formations in Unterussdorf. After Austria was " annexed " to the German Reich , the people in Unter- and Obernussdorf were brought into line and the population was integrated into the National Socialist sub-organizations. With a share of 51.9% members of the NSDAP in the population, Nussdorf finally achieved the highest value of all East Tyrolean communities. The persecution of political opposition that began after 1938 cost two citizens of Debant their lives. Johann Edlinger died in 1942 in the Dachau concentration camp , Johann Mentil shortly after the concentration camp was liberated. East Tyrol was added to the Carinthia Gau in 1938, and on April 1, 1939, numerous parishes were merged, as a result of which Obernussdorf and Unterussdorf were merged to form the parish of Nussdorf. The Unterussdorf farmers benefited disproportionately from the debt relief of the farms, around half of the farms were debt discharged. In the case of debt relief, however, it was usually a matter of propaganda rescheduling in which existing interest and repayments were reduced, but debts to be settled in the short term were taken over by the German Reich and converted into long-term debts.

The bombing of the neighboring district capital Lienz on February 28, 1945 also affected Nussdorf. On that day, US bombers dropped their load over Nussdorf and severely destroyed or damaged several buildings. After the end of the war, large Cossack associations moved into the Lienz basin and partially camped in Nussdorf. While the horses of the units ate large parts of the harvest, the Nussdorf schoolhouse and the adjoining inn served the Cossacks as a hospital. However, the Cossacks were handed over to Soviet units by the British Army in June, and hundreds of Cossacks were killed in the " Lienz Cossack Tragedy " alone . 41 residents of the community did not return from the war in the German combat units.

Nussdorf-Debant from 1945

Company settlement area on Drautal Strasse

After the war damage had been repaired, the municipality of Nussdorf-Debant invested heavily in infrastructure in the early 1950s. They built a new parish hall and expanded the water supply. In 1955 an SOS Children's Village was opened in Debant . From 1956, Mayor Andrä Idl shaped municipal politics . The SPÖ politician and member of the state parliament forced the settlement of commercial and industrial companies and at the same time promoted residential construction in the Debant district. The investments led to strong population growth, especially in Debant; by the beginning of the 1970s the population of the municipality had more than doubled compared to the post-war years. Due to the population development, the municipality implemented numerous infrastructure projects in Debant. In 1962 a primary school, in 1967 a multi-purpose house with a municipal office (sports forum), in 1970 a secondary school and in 1973 a cemetery were opened in Debant. In addition, the Catholic Church established the Parish Vicariate Debant with a modern church, which was given its purpose in 1970. The local council took account of the relocation of the center of the community to Debant in 1969 by renaming the place from “Nussdorf in East Tyrol” to “Nussdorf-Debant”.

In the 1980s and 1990s, further investments followed in the sewer network, the expansion of the water supply and road construction. In 1987 the path into the Debant valley was completed and the development of the remote farms was accelerated. In addition, the community modernized and expanded the central infrastructure buildings in Nussdorf and Debant. The multi-purpose house in Nussdorf (school, kindergarten, library, fire brigade, multi-purpose hall and club premises) was opened in 1988, the community, sports and leisure center with fire station, building and garbage yard and extensive sports facilities were completed by the community in 1995. Due to the trend towards settlement activity in the area around Lienz, Nussdorf-Debant continued to benefit greatly from the influx of people into the community. In the years 1980 to 1995, around 400 residential units were built in a compact design, in particular row houses and small apartment blocks. Due to its increased importance, the Tyrolean provincial government elevated the municipality of Nussdorf-Debant to a market municipality on June 1, 1995 .

In addition to the strong growth, especially severe floods and mudslides shaped the history of the municipality in the second half of the 20th century. The flood disasters in 1965 and 1966 destroyed three houses and parts of the municipal area were mucked up. The eruption of the Wartschenbach in 1995 and two other flood events on the Warteschenbach in 1997 led to severe flooding in the Wartschenbach settlement. The Wartschenbach was therefore even more secured by torrent barriers.

population

Population structure

In 2011, 3,227 people lived in the community of Nussdorf-Debant. According to the 2001 census, 97.4% of the population were Austrian citizens (Tyrol: 90.6%), until the beginning of 2008 the value had only fallen slightly to 97.1%. In 2001 94.2% of the population (Tyrol: 83.4%) professed to be part of the Roman Catholic Church , 2.2% were Protestant and 1.0% were of Islamic faith . 1.5% of the population had no religious denomination.

The average age of the community population in 2001 was well below the national average. 20.5% of the residents of Nussdorf-Debant were younger than 15 years (Tyrol: 18.4%), 64.4% between 15 and 59 years old (Tyrol: 63.0%). The proportion of residents over 59 years of age was 15.1% (Tyrol: 18.6%). By the beginning of 2008, the average age of the population of Nussdorf-Debant rose. While the proportion of those under the age of 15 fell to 17.9% and the population between the ages of 15 and 59 fell slightly to 64.1%, the proportion of residents over 59 years of age increased to 18%. According to their marital status, in 2001 49.9% of the residents of Nussdorf-Debant were single, 42.0% married, 4.4% widowed and 3.7% divorced.

Population development

Population development until 1840

The population of Nussdorf-Debant remained almost unchanged from the middle of the 19th century until the end of the First World War. After that, population growth increased slowly, but a significant increase in population only occurred after the end of the Second World War. The proximity to the district capital Lienz, the location on the main road and investments in the infrastructure led to strong construction activity, especially in the district of Debant. In addition to residential construction, the municipal policy encouraged an increased settlement of commercial and business enterprises. After the population had increased by 23% in 1951 compared to 1939, it doubled by 1971. The population growth subsequently declined slightly, but was still so high that the population increased by another 80% by 2001. The population of the municipality continued to increase after 2001 and reached a new high in 2008. In addition to a positive migration balance, the birth surplus has made a major contribution to population growth since 2002.

Personalities

• Franz Mayr (1865–1914), missionary and founder of St Joseph's School, was born in Nussdorf-Debant
• Toni Egger (1926–1959), climber and mountaineer, lived in Nussdorf-Debant and ran a farm here
• Robert Idl (* 1958), national soccer player, lives in Nussdorf-Debant
• Felix Gall (* 1998), cyclist, junior world champion, was born in Nussdorf-Debant

politics

The municipal council as the highest body of the municipality has 15 seats and is elected every six years in the course of Tyrol-wide municipal council elections. Simultaneously the mayor in a direct-dial determines which is the absence of an absolute majority for one candidate in a runoff election is coming.

Acting mayor is Andreas Pfurner from the Nussdorf-Debant wins list .

Nussdorf-Debant is one of the few communities in East Tyrol in which the SPÖ played an important role in the second half of the 20th century. Already in the first municipal council election after the Second World War, the SPÖ won three of the ten mandates in 1950, in 1956 the lists "Idl" and SPÖ reached half of the municipal council mandates. Andrä Idl , member of the Socialist Party and member of the Tyrolean state parliament, took over the office of mayor after the election for the first municipal council term and remained in this position until 1980, with a brief interruption between 1960 and 1962. It was not until 1980 that the strength of the SPÖ was broken. The ÖVP community politician Erich Maier took over the office of mayor until 1983, followed by the ÖVP politician Josef Altenweisl. Altenweisl was able to defend his office until the municipal council election in 2004, in which, however, with his list of Mayor Josef Altenweisl and his team - ÖVP, he only achieved 40.2% of the votes and 6 mandates. The winner of the election was the Nussdorf-Debant wins (NDG) list - Andreas Pfurner's list , an independent list of citizens that won 7 seats with 42.4%. The list of Wahlgemeinschaft Nussdorf-Debant SPÖ achieved 17.5% of the vote and two seats.

The strength of the SPÖ during Idl's term of office can be seen in the results of the National Council elections in 1970 and 1975, as well as the state elections in 1965, 1970 and 1975, in which the SPÖ became the party with the highest number of votes. After that, the ÖVP rose to become the strongest party. In the last state election in 2008 , the ÖVP again took first place with 33%, followed by the SPÖ (20%), FRITZ (18%), FPÖ (15%) and The Greens (10%). The National Council election, which took place shortly afterwards, led to heavy losses, especially at the ÖVP. The ÖVP lost a third of its votes and ended up just ahead of the SPÖ (21.5%) with 23.7%. The BZÖ achieved its best district result with 20.3% in the municipality and clearly relegated the FPÖ to fourth place with 14.5%. The Greens and the FRITZ List each achieved 8.5%.

coat of arms

The coat of arms of Nussdorf-Debant was awarded to the municipality in 1973 by the Tyrolean state government in black and white. In the course of the elevation to the market town Nussdorf-Debant was awarded the colored version of the coat of arms on May 30, 1995 by the state government. According to the announcement of 1995, the coat of arms shows "On a golden background a girl dressed in red and blue with a mirror in her right hand and a jug in her left hand." The colors of the municipal flag were set with blue and yellow.

The heraldic figure is a replica of a relief stone discovered in neighboring Aguntum . The image on the relief stone shows a Norse girl who is interpreted as a sacrificial servant or representative of a water deity.

Economy and Infrastructure

Workplaces and employees

The census of workplaces carried out as part of the 2001 census revealed 138 workplaces with 1,037 employees (excluding agriculture) in Nussdorf-Debant, 89% of whom were employed. Compared to 1991, the number of workplaces had risen sharply by 50 units (56.8%). In 1945 there were only eight in Nussdorf-Debant, in 1973 there were 37. Employment figures had increased by 22.6% between 1991 and 2001. The most important branch of industry in the municipality is the “trade, repair of motor vehicles and consumer goods” division. In 2001 31% of the companies and 46% of all employees were active in this area. The second strongest branch is manufacturing, which comprises 13% of the companies and 15% of all employees. Other important industries, measured in terms of the number of employees, are construction and education. The largest company in Nussdorf-Debant is a branch of the Interspar company and employs around 100 people; a further 13 companies offered 20 to 99 people jobs.

In 2001 there were 1,307 gainfully employed people in Nussdorf-Debant, of which 73% found employment outside the municipality. The majority of the employees, around 63%, commuted to neighboring Lienz, another 14% had a job in the rest of the district. Around 23% of the employed community residents commuted to North Tyrol, other federal states (particularly Carinthia) or abroad. At the same time, in 2001 705 in-commuters found work in Nussdorf-Debant, 80% of whom came from the Lienz district. 203 inbound commuters came from the district capital Lienz.

Agriculture

Livestock	1953	1983	1991	2008
Bovine	437	528	481	464
Horses	48	11	19th	19th
Pigs	-	-	332	136
Sheep	266	353	422	110
Goats	71	3	11	171
poultry	1245	478	332	251

While in 1951 41% of the working population was still active in agriculture and forestry, this proportion fell to 3.7% by 1991. Of the 64 farms in existence in 1960, 40 farms were full-time at that time. In 1999 there were still 56 agricultural and forestry holdings that farmed a total of 3101 hectares. While 12 companies were in the main occupation and 36 companies in the sideline out. 7 companies were owned by legal entities. By 2008, the number of farms was further reduced to a total of 40 units, including two agricultural communities . While the number of mountain farms remained relatively stable despite the difficult management, the strong settlement pressure in the valley floor led to a sharp decline in farms in the Debant district.

The most important branch of agriculture in Nussdorf-Debant is cattle farming. In the 2007/08 milk year, eleven milk suppliers produced 361,817 kg of milk. In addition, cattle breeding in particular plays a role for the farms. The cultivation of barley, wheat and rye was an important source of income for farmers until the 1960s, after which these types of grain were increasingly displaced by maize. Of the agricultural land of 315.83 hectares existing in 2008, 78.43 hectares were arable land and 237.40 hectares were grassland. In 2007, 59% of the available arable land was planted for fodder, 30% was corn, 6% potatoes and only 5% grain. In addition to the arable and green areas, there was also 1605.92 hectares of alpine forage in 2007.

tourism

Lienzer Hut in the Debant Valley

Compared to the rest of the district, tourism plays a subordinate role, with Nußdorf-Debant being one of the ten weakest tourist communities in the district. Between 1972 and 1992 the average was around 20,000 overnight stays per year. Since then the number of overnight stays has almost halved. In the summer of 2007, 8735 overnight stays were counted, in the winter of 2006/2007 there were 3395 overnight stays. 60% of the guests during this period come from abroad, 42% of all guests from Germany. In 2005, Nußdorf-Debant had a total of 280 guest beds and took 24th place in this area in the Lienz district.

Until 1991 Nussdorf-Debant did not have its own tourism association. Due to the new Tyrolean Tourism Act , the Nussdorf-Debant tourism association was founded this year. A connection to the Lienzer Dolomiten Association was initially rejected. Today the municipality, like all other East Tyrolean municipalities, belongs to the Osttirol Tourist Board , and is organized in the Lienz Dolomites holiday region . The main attraction of the community in summer is the Debant Valley, which is partly part of the Hohe Tauern National Park, with its network of hiking trails and the three-thousanders of the Schober group . The Lienzer Hütte serves as a base in this area .

Transport and infrastructure

Nußdorf-Debant is crossed by the Drautalstraße B 100 in the south, which connects to the neighboring communities of Dölsach and Lienz. With the B 107a (Lienz junction of Großglockner Straße ), there is another high-level traffic connection to the municipality of Dölsach. Nussdorf-Debant is connected to the public transport network by bus from ÖBB-Postbus GmbH . Line 4404 connects the districts of Nussdorf and Debant around ten times on weekdays to the district capital, Lienz, with a journey time of around ten minutes. The line runs from the Lienz train station via Nussdorf and Debant to the neighboring municipality of Lavant. There is an additional connection from Postbus GmbH with line 4406, which connects Lienz with Dölsach and Nikolsdorf via Debant and is also served around ten times on weekdays. The closest connection to the Drautalbahn railway network is in the neighboring communities of Lienz or Dölsach.

Nussdorf-Debant has joined forces with the neighboring communities of the Lienz basin to form the “Lienzer Talboden waste water association”. The municipal wastewater is treated in the Dölsach sewage treatment plant , with the Drau serving as a receiving water . The canalization of the municipal area was already two-thirds completed in the 1980s as part of a fixed expansion program. Today, with the exception of a few individual objects, all structures are connected to the public sewer network. The waste that arises in the community is disposed of by the Waste Management Association of East Tyrol (AWVO). The community's water supply is fed from an elevated tank opened in 1992. The water reservoir covers 1200 m³ and is located in the eastern part of the Nussbaumerfeld below the Lamprechthof. The elevated tanks built in 1963 were abandoned in the course of the reopening.

The power supply for the municipality of Nussdorf-Debant goes back to the beginning of the 20th century. The first power plant in the municipality and the first larger power plant in the district was built in 1908/09 by the municipality of Lienz am Debantbach. Like the other neighboring communities of Lienz, Nußdorf-Debant was not connected to the power supply until 1919. The Debanttaler electricity station was expanded after the Second World War and taken over by TIWAG in 1948. In addition to the two power plant stages Debant I and II of TIWAG, there is a diversion for the Klocker power plant in the lower reaches of the Debantbach.

education

The school center of the municipality of Nussdorf-Debant

The first school in Nussdorf was first documented in the 18th century, and the first school building was built in Nussdorf in 1893. The elementary school Debanttal in the municipality of Obernussdorf was founded in 1816, this elementary school had its own school building from 1847. The permanent shortage of space in the Nussdorf elementary school and the strong population growth made it necessary to build another elementary school in Debant in the 1960s and open it 1962 took place. The Debanttal elementary school was then closed in 1967.

For the main school children initially had to commute to Lienz. In 1970 Nussdorf-Debant was chosen as the main school location in order to relieve the Lienz location. Mayor Andrä Idl had the new secondary school built onto the existing primary school in Debant as a "primary school extension", so that secondary school operations could begin in 1970. The secondary school was gradually expanded to 17 classes by 1976. The school district of the secondary school includes the five communities Nußdorf-Debant, Dölsach, Lavant, Iselsberg-Stronach and Nikolsdorf . Since the school year 1968/69 there have been special classes in the Debant elementary school, in 1971 the Nussdorf-Debant special school was founded. Students with learning disabilities from the main school district are taught in the premises of the elementary and main school building.

There is a kindergarten each in Nussdorf and Debant. In 2007/08, 100 children were cared for in the two kindergartens, with 24 children attending the Nussdorf kindergarten and 76 children attending the Debant kindergarten. In the East Tyrolean child care center (OK center) in Debant, children between the ages of 0 and 4 can also be looked after.

Security and Healthcare

The Nussdorf Voluntary Fire Brigade was founded on August 24, 1896 as the Nussdorf community fire brigade of the then independent political communities of Obernussdorf and Unterstussdorf. Already at the beginning of 1890 men with the noble idea of ​​helping and protecting the community residents had come together to prepare a fire brigade in Nussdorf. At the 11th District Fire Brigade Day on August 26, 1894 in Sillian, some East Tyrolean communities, u. a. Nussdorf also registered for fire extinguishing inspection in order to set up a voluntary community fire brigade in the coming years. It is in eleventh place in the order in which it was founded. It is one of the oldest fire brigades in the Lienz district. In 1949 a separate fire fighting group was founded for the Debant district and in 1955 a fire station was opened in Debant next to the existing fire station in Nussdorf. The two operated fire stations in Nussdorf and Debant were occupied in 1988 and 1993 respectively. On October 15, 2016, the newly built fire station in Florianistraße in the Debant district was ceremonially blessed and handed over to its destination. Thus the two no longer used buildings in Nussdorf and Debant were returned to the market town and the two fire engines were disbanded. Since 2018, her rider Lukas has been the 17th commander in total. As of October 2019, the team had 79 active members and an additional 19 men in reserve. The responsible police station is in Lienz.

With regard to health care, Nussdorf-Debant is organized together with the municipalities of Dölsach , Iselsberg-Stronach , Nikolsdorf and Lavant in the “Social District Nussdorf-Debant and Surroundings”. In the health district, for example, health services such as elderly and care assistance, home and household help, hospice and meals on wheels are organized.

Culture and sights

Attractions

See also:  List of listed objects in Nussdorf-Debant

The Debant Church opened in 1970

The oldest sacred building in the community is the Nussdorf parish church . It was built around 1450 in place of an older building in the Gothic style and expanded in the second half of the 17th century. The classicistic redesign of the interior took place in the first half of the 19th century. For a long time, the district of Debant only had the St. New Year's Chapel from 1670. The octagonal building with a lantern comprising eight windows and an onion dome is decorated on the outside with a sundial and a representation of the cattle patron New Year's . Inside the chapel has an altar with the representation of the founding legend of the chapel and a domed vault decorated with star-like stucco ribs. Due to the strong population growth in Debant after the Second World War, a modern church was opened in this district in 1970, which was elevated to the Debant parish church in 2000 . The ground plan of the church and the forecourt is based on an isosceles triangle, which has been developed into a regular hexagon. The 26 meter high tower is free-standing and was made of exposed concrete.

In addition to the sacred buildings, there is a secular building of cultural and historical significance in Nussdorf. The Staudach mansion above the parish church is essentially a Gothic building. This is characterized by its closed, high and masonry construction. The Staudach and Murgoth families, who were important in the late Middle Ages and in the late modern period, counted the manor as part of their property.

Culture and customs

As a special custom in Nussdorf-Debant, as in other communities around Lienz, the " Krapfenschnappen " or "Krapfenschnaggln" around All Saints' Day has been preserved. In this custom, unmasked children in white shirts wander through the villages, carrying long poles with replica dogs, sheep or goats' heads attached. In front of the houses in the villages, the children begin to “Schnaggln” by moving the jaws of the animal heads up and down with cords until the command “Stop” is heard. Thereafter, the children traditionally receive donuts, today also donations in kind or amounts of money, from the residents. The custom is still intensively cultivated, especially in Nussdorf, but only a few children still practice the custom in the Debant district.

The Krampus customs are also cultivated in Nußdorf-Debant and organized by the Krampus-Klaubauf-Nikolaus-Customs Care Association (Krampusverein). The traditional folk clubs include the Nussdorf-Debant shooting company and the Nussdorf-Debant market music band founded in 1913 . Modern music events such as the annual Night of Rock are organized by the Nussdorf-Debant culture offensive . The Nussdorf-Debant theater association has been in existence since 1942 and mainly performs rural plays .

Sports

The sporting life in the community is shaped by the sports club Nußdorf-Debant , which is organized in the ASVÖ . The association was founded on June 6, 1963. The oldest section ( ice shooting ) was launched in 1962 and integrated into the club in 1963. In the following years, sections for football, fistball, table tennis, chess, skiing, women's gymnastics, volleyball, ice hockey, tennis and taekwondo were added. The most successful section is football with the FC Wirtschaftsring Nußdorf-Debant . Like all East Tyrolean clubs, the football club, which plays its home games in the Aguntstadion, belongs to the Carinthian Football Association and currently plays in the second highest Carinthian league, the West Lower League. Up until the 2008/09 season, the club took part in the championship of the Carinthian League and was one of the most successful football clubs in the district, but at the end of this season it was voluntarily relegated to the Lower League West. Since the 2000/01 season, the football club Fortuna Nussdorf-Debant also existed in the community , but in 2009 it was merged with FC Wirtschaftsring Nussdorf-Debant and therefore dissolved. The ice hockey section, the EHC Nussdorf-Debant ("Ice Tigers"), played in the first class west, the second lowest league of the Carinthian ice hockey association, in the 2007/08 season. In the district of Debant, the municipality has a sports and leisure center, which was built between 1992 and 1995. The facility includes a sports facility with four outdoor tennis courts, an ice skating or ice hockey rink and a soccer training ground, as well as a tennis hall with three places. Further facilities on the premises are an adventure sauna and a sports restaurant.

literature

• Catholic Tyrolean Teachers' Association (Ed.): District Studies East Tyrol. Innsbruck 2001, ISBN 3-7066-2267-X .
• Louis Ebner (Red.): Nussdorf-Debant in East Tyrol. From the past and present of an East Tyrolean market town. Nussdorf Debant 1995.
• Martin Kofler: East Tyrol. From the First World War to the present. Studienverlag, Innsbruck 2005, ISBN 3-7065-1876-7 .
• Werner Köfler (Hrsg.): Chronicle of Nussdorf-Debant. Innsbruck 1973 [Tiroler Landesarchiv (Ed.): Ortschroniken; Vol. 5]
• Meinrad Pizzinini: East Tyrol. The Lienz district. His works of art, historical forms of life and settlement. Verlag St. Peter, Salzburg 1974 (Austrian Art Monographs, Vol. VII), ISBN 3-900173-17-6 .

Web links

Commons : Nußdorf-Debant  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Community website
• Website of the ProND group
• 70719 - Nussdorf-Debant. Community data, Statistics Austria .
• Archaeological research in Nussdorf-Debant , University of Innsbruck

Individual evidence

The parish book Nussdorf-Debant in East Tyrol served as the main literature of the history chapter . From the past and present of an East Tyrolean market town and the book East Tyrol. From the First World War to the present by Martin Kofler.

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Statistics Austria municipality data from Nußdorf-Debant
2. ↑ History and dates of the Hohe Tauern National Park, Tirol ( Memento from June 24, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) History of the National Park in Tirol
3. ↑ Regional studies of East Tyrol p. 132, 299
4. ↑ Regional studies East Tyrol p. 108
5. ↑ Köfler: Chronicle of Nussdorf-Debant pp. 7-10
6. ↑ Florian Martin Müller : From the "dwarf building" to the Roman villa. 300 years of archaeological research in Nussdorf-Debant (1707–2007) , Forum Archaeologiae - journal for classical archeology. 46 / III / 2008
7. ↑ Roman pageantry Villa found with the largest mosaic floors Tyrol , ipoint online information portal of the University of Innsbruck, October 30th 2007
8. ↑ ORF Tirol Tyrol's largest Roman mosaic exposed Tyrol's largest Roman mosaic exposed ( memento from March 7, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), October 25, 2007
9. ^ Josef Thonhauser: East Tyrol in 1809 . Innsbruck, Munich 1968, p. 64
10. ↑ Martin Kofler: Osttirol p. 47, 60
11. ↑ Martin Kofler: Osttirol p. 198 f.
12. ↑ Martin Kofler: Osttirol p. 140 f.
13. ↑ Martin Kofler: Osttirol p. 146
14. ↑ State Statistics Tyrol (VZ 2001) (PDF; 4.1 MB)
15. ↑ Ebner: Nußdorf-Debant in Osttirol, p. 153 (before 1869, data estimated from 1380 to 1680); Statistics Austria (from 1869)
16. ↑ Ebner: Nußdorf-Debant in Osttirol, pp. 190 ff.
17. ↑ Land Tirol (Wahlservice) Municipal council election 2004 ( Memento from December 19, 2010 in the Internet Archive ), last accessed on September 11, 2008
18. ↑ Tyrol (Optional Service) state election in 2008 ( Memento of 11 June 2008 at the Internet Archive ), last accessed on 11 September 2008
19. ↑ Tyrol (Optional Service) Parliamentary elections 2008 ( Memento of 15 December 2012 at the Web archive archive.today )
20. ↑ State Law Gazette for Tyrol ( Memento of February 19, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 25 kB) Announcement of the state government of May 30, 1995 about the award of a coat of arms to the market town of Nussdorf-Debant
21. ↑ Ebner: Nußdorf-Debant in Osttirol, p. 1
22. ↑ ^{a b c} District Studies East Tyrol pp. 298–304
23. ↑ ^{a b c d} Written communication in the Lienz Chamber of Agriculture. Status: April 1, 2008, information from the dairy industry 2007/08
24. ↑ ^{a b} Ebner: Nußdorf-Debant in Osttirol, p. 212
25. ^ Office of the Tyrolean provincial government, Tyrolean provincial statistics
26. ↑ State of Tyrol, wastewater disposal in the Lienz district ( Memento from September 22, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 7.2 MB)
27. ↑ Ebner: Nußdorf-Debant in Osttirol, p. 202
28. ↑ Ebner: Nußdorf-Debant in Osttirol, p. 168
29. ↑ Nature conservation plan for the rivers in Tyrol p. 40 ( Memento from October 1, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 662 kB)
30. ↑ Ebner: Nußdorf-Debant in Osttirol, p. 305
31. ^ Social district Nussdorf-Debant and the surrounding area ( Memento from December 3, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
32. ↑ ^{a b} Meinrad Pizzinini: East Tyrol. The Lienz district. His works of art, historical forms of life and settlement. Verlag St. Peter, Salzburg 1974, p. 257
33. ↑ Bernd Lenzer; Martin Müller: Living customs in East Tyrol and in the South Tyrolean Pustertal. loewenzahn, Innsbruck 2005, ISBN 3-7066-2354-4 , p. 70
34. ↑ Ebner: Nußdorf-Debant in Osttirol, p. 313
35. ↑ Ebner: Nußdorf-Debant in Osttirol, p. 206

This article was added to the list of excellent articles on November 13, 2008 in this version .