Adygea

Subject of the Russian Federation Republic of Adygea Республика Адыгея ( Russian ) Адыгэ Республик ( Adyghe ) flag coat of arms Federal district Southern Russia surface 7792  km² population 439,996 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010) Population density 56 inhabitants / km² Capital Maikop Official languages Adygean , Russian Ethnic composition Russians (63.6%) Adygians (25.2%) Armenians (3.7%) Ukrainians (1.4%) Kurds (1.1%) Circassians (0.6%) Tatars (0.6%) Roma (0.5%) (as of 2010) head Murat Kumpilow (executive) Founded July 3, 1991 (July 27, 1922) Time zone UTC + 3 Telephone prefixes (+7) 877xx Postcodes 385000-385999 License Plate 01 OKATO 79 ISO 3166-2 RU-AD Website www.adygheya.ru

Coordinates: 44 ° 29 '  N , 40 ° 12'  E

The Republic of Adygea (of Adyghe Adyge : Circassians, Russian Республика Адыгея / Respublika Adygeya , Adyghe Адыгэ Республик) since 1991, a smaller autonomous republic in the North Caucasus in southern Russia . Its capital is Maikop ( Myjeqwape ).

geography

The Republic of Adygea is located in the south of the Russian Federation and southeast of the city ​​of Krasnodar . The territory thus extends from the southern Russian steppe with the Kuban River to the south to the main ridge of the Greater Caucasus . As a less compact strip of land between the Laba and Kuban rivers and on both sides of the Belaja , Adygeja is completely surrounded by the Russian Krasnodar region .

The fish (Adygeic: Fyschtscht ) on the left in the picture, the westernmost glaciated massif of the Caucasus

On the ridge of the High Caucasus, the republic provides most of the Caucasus nature reserve ( biosphere reserve ), an impressive protected area for the mountains of the Caucasus. There, along the southern border with the Krasnodar region, lie the highest mountains in the republic: Chugush ( 3238  m ), Jemaruk ( 3136  m ), Tybga ( 3065  m ), Uruschten ( 3021  m ) and Dschuga ( 2976  m ), and somewhat to the west of it Massif des Fischt ( 2867  m ). The Black Sea coast near Sochi is not reached from the Adygejas region. In the northwest, the republic borders on the Krasnodar reservoir .

Administrative division

Administrative division of the Republic of Adygea

The Republic of Adygea is divided into two city ​​districts and seven Rajons . A total of 5 urban and 43 rural communities are subordinate to the Rajons.

City districts

	Urban district	Residents	Area (km²)	Population density (inh / km²)	Urban population	Rural population	Number of urban settlements	Number of rural settlements
I.	Adygeisk	14,543	32	454	12,226	2,317	1	2
II	Maikop	173,598	282	616	154,740	18,858	1	8th

Rajons

	Rajon	Residents	Area (km²)	Population density (inh / km²)	Urban population	Rural population	Administrative headquarters	More places	Number of urban communities	Number of rural communities
1	Giaginski	32,858	790	42	-	32,858	Giaginskaya		-	5
2	Koschechablski	31,030	530	59	-	31,030	Koschechabl		-	9
3	Krasnogwardeiski	31,106	700	44	-	31,106	Krasnogwardeiskoje		-	6th
4th	Maikopski	58,899	3730	16	18,154	40,745	Tulski		2	8th
7th	Zhovgenovsky	15,359	530	29	-	15,359	Chakurinochabl		-	6th
5	Tachtamukaiski	66,331	440	151	43,724	22.607	Tachtamukai	Enem , Jablonowski	2	3
6th	Teutscheschski	19,444	710	27	4,790	14,654	Poneschukai	Tljustenchabl	1	6th

Remarks:

1. ↑ ^{a b} number of the district / district (in alphabetical order of the names in Russian )
2. ↑ ^{a b} Population figures from January 1, 2010 (calculation)
3. ^ Urban-type settlements or municipalities

Cities

Adygeja in the regional context

In addition to the capital Maikop, the largest towns in the republic are Jablonowski, Enem and Giaginskaja. The traditional Adygej villages are called Aul .

Cities and Urban Settlements
There are two cities and three urban-type settlements in the Republic of Adygea :

Surname	Russian name	Rajon / urban district	Residents (October 14, 2010)
Adygeisk (city)	Адыгейск	Adygeisk (city district)	12,237
Enem	Энем	Tachtamukaiski	17,890
Jablonowski	Яблоновский	Tachtamukaiski	26,171
Maikop (city)	Майкоп	Maikop (city district)	144,249
Tljustenchabl	Тлюстенхабль	Teutscheschski	5,403

population

The eponymous Adygejer ( Circassians ) did not form a majority in any Soviet or Russian census. Nevertheless, the Circassian population has been increasing again since 1970. Since 1939 the Russians are proportionally the most important ethnic group. In terms of numbers, these have been decreasing since 1989. Smaller proportions of the population were the Kurds with 4,528 (= 1.03%), the (actual) Circassians with 2,651 (= 0.60%), the Tatars with 2,571 (= 0.58%) and the Roma with 2,364 (= 0.54%) people. The official languages ​​are Adygean and Russian . Most of the Circassians, Kurds and Tatars are Muslim . The majority of Russians, Ukrainians and Armenians, on the other hand, are Christians. In addition, thousands of refugees from the troubled provinces in the North Caucasus still live in Adygeja.

Ethnic group	VZ 1926		VZ 1939		VZ 1959		VZ 1970		VZ 1979		VZ 1989		VZ 2002		VZ 2010 1
	number	%	number	%	number	%	number	%	number	%	number	%	number	%	number	%
Adygejer	50,821	44.8%	55,048	22.8%	65,908	23.2%	81,478	21.1%	86,388	21.4%	95,439	22.1%	108.115	24.2%	107.048	25.2%
Russians	29.102	25.6%	171,960	71.1%	200,492	70.4%	276,537	71.7%	285,626	70.6%	293,640	68.0%	288.280	64.5%	270.714	63.6%
Armenians	738	0.7%	2,348	1.0%	3,013	1.1%	5,217	1.4%	6,359	1.6%	10,460	2.4%	15,268	3.4%	15,561	3.7%
Ukrainians	26,405	23.3%	6.130	2.5%	7,988	2.8%	11,214	2.9%	12,078	3.0%	13,755	3.2%	9.091	2.0%	5,856	1.4%
Other	6,415	5.7%	6.313	2.6%	7,289	2.6%	11.198	2.9%	13,939	3.4%	18,752	4.3%	26,355	5.9%	14.093	3.3%
Residents	113,481	100%	241,799	100%	284,690	100%	385,644	100%	404.390	100%	432,588	100%	447.109	100%	439.996	100%
1 14,610 people could not be assigned to any ethnic group. These people are probably distributed in the same proportion as the ethnically assigned residents.

history

Lago-Naki

The area north of the Black Sea ( Scythians ) was Christianized on the coasts by Byzantium as early as the 6th century . Over the next few centuries the rest of the Circassians nominally converted to Christianity. This happened despite the rule of the Khazars . The Genoese built several trading posts and fortresses in the Circassian region. After the fall of Constantinople in 1453, some Circassians sought help in Russia to defend themselves against the Khanate of the Crimean Tatars . From 16. – 19. In the 19th century, the Adygeans gradually converted to Islam .

In the 19th century, after the decades-long Caucasus War , the Russian troops succeeded in defeating the Circassians on May 21, 1864 as the last of the North Caucasian peoples. Hundreds of thousands were expelled into the Ottoman Empire as a result , and numerous Circassians were killed. This expulsion resulted in the Circassian genocide . The anniversary of May 21, 1864 was declared an official day of mourning. In contrast to most other republics, Adygea was not an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR) during the Soviet Union , but an autonomous district .

With the dissolution of the USSR in 1991, it became a republic. Aslan Kitowitsch Tchakuschinow had been head of the republic since December 13, 2006 , Prime Minister Murat Karalbiyevich Kumpilow . On January 12, Vladimir Putin appointed Kumpilov, who previously held the position of President of the State Council, as interim head of the Adygea Republic. On September 10, 2017, he was officially elected head of the autonomous republic by members of the State Council. In March 2016, the regulation of the election of the head of Adygea was abolished by referendum by the local parliament.

economy

The country's natural conditions favor agricultural production. Wheat, sunflowers, sugar beets and maize, as well as vegetables and potatoes, are grown on the fertile black earth soils. In the villages you will find orchards, walnut and chestnut trees and strawberry plantations. Natural gas and oil, gold and other precious metals are mined in smaller quantities and forestry is practiced. In the industrial district of Maikop wood processing, mechanical engineering, chemistry, cement industry as well as companies for the processing of agricultural products such as canning factories, wineries, milk processing plants, tobacco factories etc. are located. As in the entire West Caucasus, tourism is playing an increasing economic role.

traffic

The Russian administrative districts (regions) are arranged alphabetically. That is why the Autonomous Republic of Adygea got the number 01, which can also be found on the license plates .

The railway line from Armavir to Sochi crosses the territory of the Republic of Adygea north of the capital Maikop. A branch line leads from Belorechensk in the neighboring region Krasnodar about Maikop according Kamennomostsky (Station Name Chadschoch derived from the old Adyge place name Хьэджыкъ ). In the extreme northwest, the Krasnodar - Krymsk railway line runs through the Adygea region.

Arts and Culture

In the Republic of Adygeja there are famous armourers who still make fine handicrafts (e.g. jeweled and gold-decorated sabers and traditional Caucasian large knives) for the oil princes of the Near East. Marble and precious metal inlays are the domain of other artists in this region.

In Germany there are several Adygei cultural associations, including Muenster, Bremen (Oyten), Hannover, Hamburg, Zwingenberg, Berlin, Wuppertal, Cologne, Stuttgart and Munich.

tourism

Mountain landscape

Lagonaki is a popular winter sports area. The Tourbasa Romantika not far from the town of Kamennomostski offers riding horses and accommodation. Winter sports and hiking tours are possible from there. There are refuges in the area, but they are difficult to find without a local guide. The signposting is nowhere near as advanced as, for example, in the Alps. If necessary, hot tea can be given at first aid centers.

literature

Under the title Adygea - Sustainable Development of a Mountain Region, a small textbook has so far only been published in German and Russian in cooperation with NABU (Naturschutzbund Deutschland e.V. ), the administration of the North Caucasus Biosphere Reserve and other mostly scientific institutions. The geography, the history of the country, the current economic situation, the mountain world and nature conservation are considered, which must take all these factors into account.

Personalities

• Anatoly Berezovoy (* 1942 † 2014), cosmonaut
• Mucharbi Kirschinow (* 1949), weightlifter
• Nikita Kutscherow (* 1993), ice hockey player
• Aidamir Mugu (* 1990), singer
• Aslan Tchakuschinow (* 1947), politician
• Willi Ivanovich Tokarew (1934–2019), musician
• Konstantin Wassiljew (* 1942 † 1976), painter

Web links

Commons : Adygeja  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Wiktionary: Adygeja  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

• Official website
• English and Russian short messages from Kawkaski Usel from Adygeja

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Administrativno-territorialʹnoe delenie po subʺektam Rossijskoj Federacii na 1 janvarja 2010 goda (administrative-territorial division according to subjects of the Russian Federation as of January 1, 2010). ( Download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ↑ ^{a b} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
3. ↑ Nacional'nyj sostav naselenija po sub "ektam Rossijskoj Federacii. (XLS) In: Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Rosstat, accessed on June 30, 2016 (Russian, ethnic composition of the population according to federal subjects , results of the 2010 census). 
4. ↑ Population of the Russian territorial units by nationality 2010 (Russian) http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/population/demo/per-itog/tab7.xls
5. ↑ Республика Адыгея - Биография. Retrieved November 13, 2017 . 
6. ↑ Парламент Адыгеи избрал Кумпилова главой республики . ( lenta.ru [accessed November 13, 2017]).