The Scottish Football League Division One was played for the twelfth time in 1904/05 . It was also the 15th edition of the top soccer division within the Scottish Football League in which the Scottish champions were determined. It began on August 20, 1904 and ended on April 29, 1905. In the 1904/05 season, 14 clubs competed against each other in a total of 26 matchdays. Each team played once at home and away against every other team. The 2-point rule applied . In the event of a tie, the clubs (with the same number of points) were placed tied.
The championship won for the fifth time in the club's history Celtic Glasgow . The Bhoys won the title after a 2-1 win in the playoff against Glasgow Rangers because both teams had the same number of points at the end of the season. Since the league was increased to sixteen teams for the following season, there was no relegated team this season. The top scorers were Robert Hamilton from Glasgow Rangers and Jimmy Quinn from Celtic Glasgow with 19 goals each .
The regulations of the Scottish Football League stipulated that at the end of the season, the two worst-placed teams had to stand for re-election. Voting took place at the annual general meeting of the Scottish Football League, at which new admissions were also decided. This electoral system determined the promotion and relegation between Division One and Division Two until 1922 .