Carillon
A carillon ( / kaʁi'jɔ̃ / , Dutch beiaard ) is a playable, large carillon that is typically located in a tower or a specially built structure. It consists of chromatic or diatonic tuned church bells , which can be played by a player ( Carilloneur , formerly also bell player ) or mechanically (e.g. by means of a roller or electronic control) using a keyboard . The concert playability distinguishes it from the music box shape of the glockenspiel , its size and the type of bells from the orchestra tubular glockenspiel .
The Netherlands has the largest number of carillons in the world: a total of 806 carillons (including 158 carillons according to the WCF standard). In Germany there are 43 carillons.
history
Carillon is the French name for a "tower carillon". The term also refers to the metal stick glockenspiel played in bands and orchestras and pieces of music intended for the glockenspiel. The name is derived from "quatrillionem", the rhythmic attack of four bells, as it was used by the tower guard in the 14th century .
The carillon has its origins in Belgium , the Netherlands and northern France . The first tuned carillon was cast by Pieter and Franҫois Hemony in 1652 and assembled in Zutphen . By the end of the 18th century, this art was forgotten. It was not until the end of the 19th century that the almost forgotten art of playing the carillon was rediscovered. The Belgian carillonneur (Dutch: beiaardier) Jef Denyn from Mechelen , who founded the Koninklijke Beiaardschool (Royal Carillon School) there in 1922 , made a major contribution . It developed into an internationally renowned training center that has shaped the Belgian tradition of playing the carillon to this day. The program for the preservation and transmission of the carillon culture emanating from this school was included by UNESCO in its register of good practice examples of the preservation of intangible cultural heritage in 2014.
In 1953 the Nederlandse Beiaardschool (Dutch Carillon School) was founded in Amersfoort . In 1935 there were 60 carillons in the Netherlands, 120 in 1965 and a good 200 in 1978.
conditions
The World Carillon Federation (WCF) requires a classic carillon that it has at least 23 bells (chromatically over two octaves ) and that the bells can be struck mechanically by means of cables directly from a console.
With modern instruments, the impulse can also be transmitted to the clapper electrically (electromagnet) or pneumatically (air pressure). The prerequisite is that the clapper can also be played dynamically (loud and quiet) here. The console is usually provided with stick keys, sometimes with a keyboard .
"Glockenspiel" is an umbrella term that also includes portable and hand-struck instruments.
Pieces played can also be saved and automatically played back later, for example mechanically-traditionally with the Welte system or via computer control.
construction
The clapper of the bells or spring-mounted hammers arranged outside the bell are connected to the keys of the gaming table by means of pull wires and rocker arms and are played mechanically by the Carilloneur. The console of a carillon is similar to that of an organ . It consists of a framework in which the sticks for the manual and the buttons of the pedal are built. The sticks of the manual are arranged like piano keys. The distances between the individual sticks are, however, at 58 mm, much larger than with a piano.
Style of play
Since a lot of force is required to strike the bells, the manual of a carillon is usually played with the fist, more precisely with the middle phalanx of the little finger. The larger bells can also be played not only with the manual, but also with the feet using the pedal. With some carillons, the largest bells can only be played by pedal.
Due to the size of the keys, only one to a maximum of three tones with intervals of up to a fifth can be played per hand . For example, to play two notes at the same time with one hand, the hand is opened and the sticks are pressed down with the thumb and forefinger.
The bells on the carillon are not dampened , so that the deep bells in particular ring out for a long time. This means that it is no longer possible to influence the sound of a bell once it has struck until it has died down. Furthermore, the large bells sound much louder and longer than the smaller bells. In addition, the partial tone of the minor third is clearly audible, which can quickly lead to dissonances with long notes that resonate . Thus playing the carillon requires a very strongly changing dynamic , which is regulated by the strength of the sticks in order to minimize dissonances.
Well-known carillon composers
Well-known Carilloneurs
| Carilloneur | Carillon | Life |
|---|---|---|
| Jacob van Eyck | Utrecht | 1590-1657 |
| Hans Uwe Hielscher | Wiesbaden | * 1945 |
| Thomas Jörg Frank | Wiesbaden | * 1972 |
| David waiter | Stockholm | 1670-1748 |
| Ulrich Leykam | Dusseldorf | * 1948 |
| Reinhard Raue | Funds | 1953-2006 |
| Wilhelm Ritter | ||
| Staf Nees | Melchelen | 1901-1965 |
| Frank Steijns | ||
| Martin Stephan | Hall | * 1952 |
| René Vanstreels |
Selected carillons
Germany
| Location | place | Number of bells | Mass of all bells | Installation | Caster | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Red Tower | Halle (Saale) | 76 | 54,980 kg | 1993 |
Schilling , Apolda Karlsruhe bell foundry |
|
| Carillon in the Tiergarten | Berlin | 68 | 48,000 kg | 1987 | Eijsbouts | |
| Mariahilfkirche | Munich-Au | 65 | 22,000 kg | 2012 | Eijsbouts | |
| St. Joseph | Bonn-Beuel | 62 | 10,200 kg | 1960 | Schilling , Heidelberg | |
| French cathedral | Berlin | 60 | 29,000 kg | 1987 | Investment casting plant Pößneck / Neustadt ad Orla | |
| Bartholomew's Tower | Erfurt | 60 | 13,600 kg | 1979/1992 | Schilling, Apolda | |
| Parochial Church | Berlin | 52 | 8,600 kg | 2016 | Petit & Fritsen , Eijsbouts | |
| former St. Nikolai Church | Hamburg | 51 | 13,000 kg | 1993 | Eijsbouts | |
| New Church | Wurzburg | 51 | 3,600 kg | 2005 | Petit & Fritsen | |
| Kiel monastery | Kiel | 50 | 4,085 kg | 1999/2005 | A. Bachert , Karlsruhe; Perner , Passau | |
| Carillon in the Olympic Park | Munich | 50 | 3,600 kg | 1972 2007 dismantled, stored |
Eijsbouts | |
| Collegiate church | Herrenberg | 50 | 2,510 kg | 2012 | Eijsbouts | |
| Market Church | Wiesbaden | 49 | 11,071 kg | 1986 | Eijsbouts, (1986), Gebr. Rincker , Sinn (1962), Andreas Hamm , Frankenthal (1862) |
|
| Parish Church of Our Lady | Eppingen | 49 | 3,983 kg | 1986 | Karlsruhe bell foundry | |
| Henrietten Foundation Hospital | Hanover | 49 | 2,600 kg | 1960 | Schilling, Heidelberg | |
| Market tower of the town hall | Aachen | 49 | 2,500 kg | 1979 | Eijsbouts | |
| Gustav Adolf Stave Church | Rooster clover | 49 | 2,000 kg | 2002/2005 | Schilling, Heidelberg Perner, Passau |
|
| St. Martin's Church | Illertissen | 49 | 1,500 kg | 2006 | Eijsbouts | |
| old town hall tower | Cologne | 48 | 12,500 kg | 1958 | Eijsbouts | |
| Tower of the New Town Hall | Chemnitz | 48 | 5,200 kg | 1978 | Schilling Apolda | |
| Johannisburg Castle | Aschaffenburg | 48 | 2,100 kg | 1969 | Eijsbouts | |
| City parish church | Geisa | 48 | 2,003 kg | 2002 | Eijsbouts | |
| Protestant collegiate church | Kaiserslautern | 47 | 10,000 kg | 2009 | Bachert, Karlsruhe | |
| town hall | Magdeburg | 47 | 6,000 kg | 1974 | Schilling, Apolda | |
| Old Nikolaikirche | Frankfurt am Main | 47 | 3,500 kg | 1957/1959/1994 | FW Schilling, Heidelberg Eijsbouts |
|
| Karlskirche | kassel | 47 | 2,750 kg | 1957/1989 | FW Schilling, Heidelberg Bell foundry in Karlsruhe |
|
| St. Aldegundis | Emmerich on the Rhine | 43 | 7,000 kg | 2000 | Petit & Fritsen | |
| Christian Church | Hamburg-Ottensen | 42 | 5,400 kg | 1938 | Schilling, Apolda | |
| Nikolaikirche | Berlin | 41 | 1,400 kg | 1987 | Schilling, cast in goods | |
| Kornmarktkirche | Mulhouse | 41 | 1991 | Schilling, Apolda | ||
| Old school house | Weilbach market | 39 | 2,032 kg | 2006/2016 | Bachert | |
| St. Mary | Lübeck | 37 | 16,760 kg | 1908 (32) / 2019 (5) | Schilling, Apolda; Rincker, Sinn | |
| Anna Church | Düren | 37 | 3,500 kg | 1964 | Petit & Fritsen | |
| Town hall tower | Melle | 37 | 1,767 kg | 2010 | Eijsbouts | |
| Museum of Time - Palatinate Tower Clock Museum | Rockenhausen | 37 | 2014 | Eijsbouts | ||
| town hall | Gera | 37 | 1,024 kg | 1988 | Investment casting plant Pößneck / Neustadt an der Orla | |
| Small collegiate church | Wechselburg | 36 | 980 kg | 1988 | Poessneck | |
| Five-gabled house on Universitätsplatz | Rostock | 32 | 500 kg | 1986 | Shilling; VEB goods | |
| Catholic parish church | Schirgiswalde | 29 | 1991 | Schilling, Apolda | ||
| town hall | Heidelberg | 26th | 800 kg | 1961 | Schilling, Heidelberg | |
| Carillon at the Schlachtermarkt | Schwerin | 26th | 330 kg | 1991 | Shilling; Were | |
| Park keep | Saalfeld | 25th | 8,500 kg | 1924: bells, 1986: carillon | Ulrich AG , Apolda; Schilling, Apolda | |
| Old Town Hall | Offenburg | 25th | 400 kg | 1989 | Poessneck | |
| Grove of Honor | Potsdam | 24 | 400 kg | 1987 | Shilling; VEB goods | |
| Church apparition of the Lord | Altenburg | 24 | 300 kg | 1982 | Schilling, Apolda | |
| St. John's Church | Loessnitz in the Ore Mountains | 23 | 2,400 kg | 1939 | Schilling in Apolda | |
| city Park | bad Godesberg | 23 | 1979 | Eijsbouts |
Mobile carillons in Germany
- Mobile carillon from Olaf Sandkuhl in Rostock , 37 bells, 2004. Mounted on a truck with a covered play cabin.
- Mobile carillon from the Perner bell foundry, Passau , 49 bells, 2012
Switzerland
- Carillon of the Abbey of Saint-Maurice , 49 bells, total weight 14 tons, largest instrument in Switzerland, inauguration: September 24, 2004
- Carillon of the Cathédrale Saint-Pierre in Geneva , 37 bells
- Carillon of the Sainte-Croix church in Carouge , 36 bells
- Carillon in Zofingen in the tower room of the monastery tower, 25 bells, since 1985
- Carillon in Lens (Wallis) , Eglise Saint-Pierre-aux-Liens, 24 bells
- Carillon in Pully , Eglise de la Rosiaz, 24 bells
Austria
- Carillon on Innsbruck Cathedral , 48 bells
- Carillon in the Cistercian - Heiligenkreuz ( Lower Austria ), 43 bells, 1982
- Glockenspiel in the New Residence (Salzburg) , 35 bells, 1702
Belgium
- The two carillons of St. Rombouts Cathedral , Mechelen
- The modern carillon of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , 63 bells, made in the USA
- Carillon of the Belfry in Bruges
- Carillon of the Cathedral of Our Lady, Antwerp
- Carillon of the Church of St. Sulpitius, Diest
- Carillon of St. Gudula Cathedral, Brussels
- Carillon in peer
- Carillon of St. Quintinus Cathedral in Hasselt (53 bells), from the end of the 15th century
- Carillon of the Liebfrauenbasilika in Tongern , (49 bells) origins from 1586
Netherlands
- Carillon of the crossing tower of the Grote Kerk in Alkmaar by Melchior de Haze (1689)
- Carillon of the Westerturm (Westertoren) in Amsterdam , 50 bells, by Hemony ; Bourdon (main bell) weighs 7,500 kg and was cast in 1636
- Carillon in the " Palace on the Dam ", the former town hall (17th century, Hemony), Amsterdam
- Carillon of the Old Church (Oude Kerk) in Amsterdam
- 2 carillons (35 & 58 bells) of the tower of the Liebfrauenkirche in Amersfoort
- Carillon of the Sint Catharijnekerk in Brielle ; 49 bells, some cast by Hemony in 1660
- Carillon of the Grote Kerk in The Hague , 51 bells
- Modern carillon from the Technical University of Twente, Enschede
- Carillon of the old Bavo church , Haarlem
- Carillon of the town hall and the Sint Servaas basilica (59 bells, 1983) in Maastricht
- Carillon of the Stevenskerk in Nijmegen (Nijmegen), 48 bells, Mondays 11 a.m. - 12 p.m.
- Carillon of the Basilica of St. Plechelmus, Oldenzaal
- Carillon in the tower of Utrecht Cathedral , 50 bells, 35 of which were cast by Hemony , 1663–1664
- Carillon from St. Martinustoren, Venlo (Limburg), 53 bells
- Carillon of the abbey tower ("Lange Jan") in Middelburg , 48 bells, since 1955, replaces the carillon from 1715 which was destroyed in the Second World War
France
- Carillon of the art clock in Strasbourg Cathedral , 1382
- Carillon of Rouen Cathedral , Normandy , 64 bells
- Carillon in the belfry of the city of Douai (France), 62 bells, 1954/1974
- Carillon of the Notre-Dame-en-Vaux collegiate church in Châlons-en-Champagne (France), 56 bells, 1864
- Carillon in front of the Basilica Sainte-Thérèse in Lisieux , 51 bells, 1960s
- Carillon in the belfry of Bergues (France), 50 bells. 14th century, it was destroyed on September 16, 1944 and rebuilt in 1961. UNESCO World Heritage Site, made famous by the film Welcome to the Sch'tis
- Belfry of Dunkirk , 50 bells, including 48 bells from 1962, 2 more to complete the 4 octaves and fundamental renewal of the controls in 2005, the previous carillon from 1853 sank in 1940 after a bomb attack, watchtower from 1233, which was built in the 15th century Bell tower had been raised.
Czech Republic
- Carillon with carillon in Prague's Loreto , 27 bells, 1683–1691
- Carillon in St. Peter and Paul Basilica in Prague Vyšehrad , 1992
- Carillon in the fortress Spielberg in Brno , 15 bells, 1990
- Carillon des Carilloneurs Rudolf Manoušek, Prague Zbraslav and Statenice, 57 bells, 2000–2001; largest mobile carillon in the world
Rest of Europe
- Carillons in the monastery of Mafra (Portugal), 98 bells (2 × 49), 1730
- Carillon of Cobh Cathedral in Cobh (Ireland), 49 bells, 1916
- Carillon in the free-standing tower in Løgumkloster ( North Schleswig ), 49 bells, 1973
- Carillon in Loughborough ( England ), 47 bells, 1923
- Carillon of St. Catherine's Church in Gdansk , 49 bells
- Carillon in Barcelona , 49 bells
- Carillon in the cathedral of Saint Sava (Serbia), 45 bells and 4 free-swinging bells made by Grassmayer in Innsbruck 2001.
- Carillon in Stockholm , St. Gertrude's Church , 37 bells, 17th century
- Carillon in Bolzano , Assumption of Mary , 25 bells, 2010
- Carillon in Tallinn Öigeusu Kirik Pyhän Simeonin Seurakunta, 19th century
Other
- Ann Arbor , USA, Burton Tower: 55 bells (43,000 kg) with a bass Bourdon weighing 12,000 kg, John Taylor 1936
- Bloomfield Township , USA, Apostles' Tower near Kirk in the Hills : 77 bells, Petit & Fritsen , 1960
- Daejeon , South Korea, Hyechon College, College Tower: 77 bells (approx.11,000 kg), Petit & Fritsen 2001
- New York , USA, Riverside Church : 74 bells (18,500 kg) 1925–1930, base bell tone c
- Chicago, USA, Rockefeller Chapel's Carillon ( Memento from June 8, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) University Chapel : 72 bells (17,300 kg) 1932, base bell tone cis
- Lawrence (Kansas) , USA: World War II Memorial Carillon & Campanile. 1950-1951
- Washington, DC , USA: Peter and Paul Cathedral: 53 bells (10,900 kg) 1963, base bell tone it
- Ottawa , Canada, Parliament, Peace Tower: 53 bells (10,150 kg) 1927, base bell tone e
- Niagara Falls , Canada, Rainbow Carillon Tower: Known from the movie Niagara
Records
With 98 bells, the Mafra Monastery in Portugal has the largest carillon. With a total weight of 55 tons, the Red Tower in Halle (Saale) has the heaviest carillon. It cannot be said which carillon is the oldest, as carillons are often not built as a whole, but are gradually created. The oldest bell in a carillon dates from the 15th century.
various
- A carillon appears in the film Welcome to the Sch'tis , which increased its popularity in Germany, among other places.
- A program practiced in Belgium for the conservation and transmission of the carillon culture was included in the register of good practice examples by UNESCO as Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2014.
- Thanks to the commitment of Margarete Schilling , the bell and carillon city of Apolda currently (as of December 2019) with four stations belongs to the Strasse der Musik : the Villa Schilling at Auenstraße 51 with sundial portal and park (station 19), the building of the former Bell foundry Franz Schilling Söhne in Robert-Koch-Straße / Bernhardstraße (station 20), the town house Apolda with carillon (station 25) and the GlockenStadtMuseum Apolda (station 26). This also commemorates the Schilling family of bell founders , who created more than 40 carillons and delivered them to Germany and the world, such as Carillons to Helsinki (Finland), Philadelphia (USA), Buenos Aires and Mercedes (Argentina), Sandefjord (Norway) and Klaipeda (Lithuania).
literature
- Alexander Buchner: From glockenspiel to pianola . Artia, Prague 1959
- Winfred Ellerhorst: The carillon. Bärenreiter, Kassel 1939
- Frank Percival Price: The Carillon. Oxford University Press, London 1933
- Margarete Schilling: Bells and carillon. 2nd Edition. Greifenverlag, Rudolstadt 1985
- Margarete Schilling: The Magdeburg Glockenspiel. Magdeburg City Council, Magdeburg 1979
- Eugen Thiele : Das Glockenspiel der Parochialkirche zu Berlin , Berlin 1915 (reprint in: New Tones for Old Berlin: the Parochialkirche and its Glockenspiel , new edition of the memorial from 1915 with a new appendix, Berlin 2012)
Web links
- Worldwide information and listings of the carillons (en, fr, nl)
- World Carillon Federation
- German carillon association
- www.carillon-museum.nl
- The carillon of the parish church of Geisa
- The Carillon in the Munich Olympic Park
- Carillon Market Church (Landesdom) Wiesbaden
- The carillon of the Henriettenstiftung Hannover
- Creation of the Weilbach market carillon
- Karlskirche Kassel
- Germany's only transportable carillon in Rostock
- Carillon in Würzburg
- Belgian carillon with lots of interesting details (Dutch)
- List with a brief description of the Belgian carillon (Dutch)
- Change ringing? Bells are moved by several people on a bell rope
- Bell Ringing (alternating ringing )
- Carillon players to listen to on YouTube
- The ringing of the Riverside Church carillon in New York
- Tin-Shi Tam plays Iowa State University's carillon
- Carillon Berlin-Tiergarten Jeffrey Bossin
- White Tower Glockenspiel - Parish Church of St. Michael in Brixen
- God save the Queen on Dordrecht carillon
- Bells of Dom tower in Utrecht
- Mobile carillon with chime bells
- Henk G. van Putten plays the carillon in Middelburg (Netherlands)
- Automatically playing carillons
- Bastian Fuchs in Gouda (Netherlands)
- The Oude Kerk in Amsterdam plays a Turkish song (2012)
- The playing drum is "changed" every six months. New repertoire. Declaration by the carillon (Dutch) ( Enkhuizen )
Individual evidence
- ↑ cf. Section IV. The bellists in Eugen Thiele : The glockenspiel of the Parochialkirche zu Berlin , Berlin 1915; Reprinted in: New Tones for Old Berlin: the Parochial Church and its Glockenspiel , new edition of the 1915 memorial with a new appendix, Berlin 2012, pp. 75–84 (pp. 65–74 of the original edition)
- ↑ Wim Alings: Kentekens in stad en land . Nefkens, Utrecht 1978, pp. 38-39.
- ↑ Carillon School Mechelen (Dutch, English)
- ↑ For the special features of the Belgian and Dutch traditions of playing the carillon, see Wim Alings: Kentekens in stad en land . Nefkens, Utrecht 1978, p. 39.
- ↑ Safeguarding the carillon culture: preservation, transmission, exchange and awareness-raising on the UNESCO website on intangible cultural heritage. In: ich.unesco.org. Intangible Heritage Section of UNESCO, accessed May 6, 2018 .
- ↑ Wim Alings: Kentekens in stad en land . Nefkens, Utrecht 1978, pp. 39-41.
- ↑ Wim Alings: Kentekens in stad en land . Nefkens, Utrecht 1978, p. 35.
- ↑ German Glockenspielvereinigung: What is a carillon
- ^ WCD: Carillon Keyboard Standards
- ↑ [1] ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from September 30, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Mobile Carillon Rostock
- ↑ Description and history of the Hasselt glockenspiel on beiaard.org ( Memento of the original from January 16, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Short story of the carillon in Tongeren
- ↑ http://www.zeeuwseankers.nl/nl-NL/verhaal/571/carillon-in-de-lange-jan
- ↑ http://www.carillon.cz/
- ↑ The curious instrument from the "Sch'tis". WELT ONLINE, December 23, 2008, accessed December 29, 2008 .
- ↑ Safeguarding the carillon culture: preservation, transmission, exchange and awareness-raising on the UNESCO website on intangible cultural heritage. In: ich.unesco.org. Intangible Heritage Section of UNESCO, accessed May 1, 2018 .
- ↑ https://www.strassedermusik.de/startseite/karte_der_dienstleistungen/
