Baldeneysee

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Baldeneysee
Baldeneysee seen from the Korte cliff
Baldeneysee by Korte Cliff seen from
Location: in the south of the city of Essen
Tributaries: Dysentery
Drain: Dysentery
Larger places on the shore: the districts of Werden , Bredeney , Heisingen , Kupferdreh , Fischlaken
Baldeneysee (North Rhine-Westphalia)
Baldeneysee
Coordinates 51 ° 24 ′ 0 ″  N , 7 ° 3 ′ 0 ″  E Coordinates: 51 ° 24 ′ 0 ″  N , 7 ° 3 ′ 0 ″  E
Data on the structure
Construction time: 1931-1933
Height above valley floor: 9.70 m
Height above the river bed : 12.09 m
Power plant output: 10 MW
Data on the reservoir
Altitude (at congestion destination ) 51.75 m
Water surface 2.64 km²dep1
Reservoir length 7.8 kmdep1
Reservoir width 355 mdep1
Storage space approx. 7.6 million m³

The Baldeneysee is the largest of the six Ruhr reservoirs . It is located in the south of the city of Essen between the districts of Werden , Bredeney , Heisingen , Kupferdreh and Fischlaken . The operator of the Baldeneysee dam is the Ruhrverband .

history

Villa Hügel an der Ruhr 1907, in front left the "Bootshaus Hügel"
Aerial photo from the 1920s with Villa Hügel; the Baldeneysee does not yet exist.

After initial planning in 1927 by the first Ruhrverband managing director Karl Imhoff , who planned further Ruhr reservoirs , and the city of Essen, a Ruhr dam was built in Werden between July 1931 and March 1933 . The Baldeneysee was built as a sedimentation basin for suspended matter , because the widening and the resulting reduced flow velocity allowed the Ruhr to clean itself naturally through sedimentation and the breakdown of impurities by microorganisms. Today, this task is primarily performed by numerous sewage treatment plants. At that time, attempts were made to ensure the supply of drinking water despite increasing consumption and deterioration in quality due to industry and population growth . The already successfully built lakes Harkortsee and Hengsteysee confirmed the project.

The name Baldeneysee therefore, comes to the preliminary planning phase the weir at the level of the castle Baldeney in the district Baldeney FROM ROCHE. Since this project turned out to be uneconomical due to the insufficient gradient and therefore insufficient power generation, it was decided to build the weir further downstream near Werden. From there the reservoir extends today to the Kampmann Bridge . The first work on the lake was seen by the population as an ecological catastrophe, as they saw their dear Ruhr valley dwindle. Land from Krupp was required to build the lake. When Gustav Krupp was assured by Bohlen and Halbach that the lake would be seen from his Villa Hügel , he agreed to the construction.

The world economic crisis began at the end of 1929 . When the construction site went bankrupt in December 1931 after seven months of construction, up to 2000 workers were deployed as part of the FAD ( voluntary labor service ) from spring 1932 . The Ruhrverband, for example, benefited from taking loans from unemployed welfare for the construction. The workers were often only equipped with primitive tools. They received between 1.00 and 1.80  Reichsmarks and one warm meal a day.

Despite the delays in early 1932, the weir was completed at the end of February 1933; the Ruhr was dammed up on a trial basis. On June 22 of the same year, the Baldeney hydropower plant in the weir was put into service. To this day, it has generated 26.7 million kilowatt hours of electricity per year with two Kaplan turbines with a gradient of 8.7 meters. When the NSDAP came to power in January 1933, there was no official inauguration ceremony. The engineer Karl Imhoff was deposed as managing director of the Ruhrverband by the NSDAP in 1934.

In 1933, the Weisse Flotte Baldeney started operating passenger ships. A new lock was built in the weir for excursion boats and leisure captains. The old Neukirchen lock , which was mainly used by Ruhr shipping to transport coal, fell dry due to the damming of Lake Baldeney.

During the Second World War in 1941 - in connection with the construction of the Krupp night glow system built on the Velberter Rottberg - the sea water was drained in order to disorient the Allied air force with the no longer existing water surface. The tidal wave after the destruction of the Möhne dam in May 1943 also caused severe damage to the shores of Lake Baldeney. In 1944, after a bomb attack, the “Boathouse Hügel” on the northern shore of the lake burned down, which the industrialist Alfred Krupp had built on the model of English rowing clubs. The rowing team based there is now part of the ETuF Essen . In 1951, today's functional building was completed on the foundations of the old boathouse.

Former Baldeney swimming pool

The Baldeney swimming pool opened on the north bank in 1937. Until 1984 it served as an outdoor pool with a swimmer pool, two non-swimmer pools and a separate diving pool with diving tower located in the Baldeneysee. There was a water slide for children. When Essen was occupied by British forces after the war , they divided the swimming pool into a German and a British side, which was lifted again on November 30, 1949. On July 26, 1952, the pool was closed due to the general spread of polio . A new chlorine system was built and in 1954 a drainage system was installed. In 1959, the Baldeney outdoor pool had its highest influx of 327,800 bathers. Because the renovation costs for the now ailing pool seemed too high, in 1984 all pools were emptied and the outdoor pool closed. Another reason for the closure was that the pools were previously fed with groundwater. Due to the continuously falling groundwater level, this became increasingly difficult and ultimately almost impossible. A year later, the previous bath was reopened as a drained light and air bath . This year, the sun was topless allowed. In 1997 the diving board was demolished; the sand-filled pools became volleyball courts . In 2005, Seaside Beach Club GmbH took over the area with a new concept. The bathroom can be used for a fee.

The former swimming pools were freed from sand and filled with water for the shooting of the German television film Die Sturmflut about the storm surge disaster in Hamburg.

Swimming in the Lower Ruhr, and thus also in the Baldeneysee itself, was banned in September 1952 by a decree of the Düsseldorf district government , due to the high bacterial content of the water . However, some bathing beaches were excluded, including Bad Baldeney. In 1973 swimming in the lake was banned here. On May 23, 2017, a newly established bathing area in the Ruhr was officially opened on the shores of Seaside Beach Baldeney , as the leisure area around the former outdoor pool is called today, in the presence of Lord Mayor Thomas Kufen and Christian Keller . Thanks to the modernization of the sewage treatment plants, the water quality has been so good again in recent decades that the authorities have allayed health concerns. However, bathing is still prohibited in certain weather conditions.

technology

The weir of the lake from Essen-Werden

The storage height of the lock, which is 42.45 meters long and six meters wide, is 8.70 meters. These result from the dammed lake about five meters high and about 3.5 meters lowering of the underwater through the dismantling of two old weirs at the drained Neukirchen lock . The weir has three openings, 33.5 meters wide, which can be closed by lifting rollers. The run-of-river power plant now produces electricity with the help of two Kaplan turbines of up to ten megawatts with a maximum water flow of 150 m³ / s. This means that an average of 26.7 million kilowatt hours of electricity can be generated annually . As an emergency reserve to supply the waterworks, there is a pump-back turbine that can return 8 m³ / s from the underwater to the lake. However, this turbine can also generate a further 1000 kilowatts of electricity in generator mode.

The reservoir of the lake, which has an average depth of 3.14 meters, originally comprised 8.3 million cubic meters, but changed due to sediment deposits so that after 50 years of operation, despite subsidence, it had decreased to 6.5 million cubic meters. As a result, the Baldeneysee was dredged between April 1983 and May 1984 to such an extent that today there is a storage volume of around 7.6 million cubic meters.

After around 75 years of operation, the lock gates, including drives and safety components, were replaced in 2011, as was the entire electrical and automation technology.

The lake as a recreational area

Three of the four islands of the Ruhr Atoll Capital of Culture project

The Baldeneysee is used today, among other things, for water sports and as a local recreation area . On its bank in Heisingen is the Heisinger Bogen bird sanctuary , which, with its protected marshland, serves as a breeding ground for grebes , cormorants , herons and other threatened birds.

The Hespertalbahn runs on the south-east bank with seasonal museum trains. The Carl Funke colliery , which is listed as a historical monument, stands on the north bank . On the slopes in the immediate vicinity are the Villa Hügel , the ruins of Neue Isenburg and the Korte-Klippe viewpoint .

With the Seaside Beach Club , the former outdoor pool continues to exist on the north bank, but as an event area with a sandy beach, palm trees, meadows, beach volleyball fields, a surf school and cocktail bar. Bathing in the Baldeneysee was prohibited due to the European quality standards for bathing water; in connection with the Green Capital , however, it was allowed here again in May 2017.

From May to October 2010 there were four artificially created islands in the Baldeneysee as a contribution to the European Capital of Culture RUHR.2010 : The so-called Ruhr-Atoll linked the topics of art-science and energy-ecology and was navigable for visitors with the help of pedal boats.

White fleet

MS Stadt Essen of the Weisse Flotte on the Baldeneysee
Rowing training, in the back: headframe of the former Carl Funke I colliery

The ships of the White Fleet are moored in the harbor on the south bank of Lake Baldeney. In the summer months they run according to the timetable between the weir in Werden and the former railway bridge , now a pedestrian bridge, which connects Heisingen with Kupferdreh. There are moorings at the weir (weir jetty), at the regatta tower below Villa Hügel (hill jetty), at Seaside Beach (lido jetty), in Heisingen (Heisingen jetty), at the easternmost point of Lake Baldeney (Kupferdreh jetty) and on the south bank at the former noble fiefdom house Scheppen (Scheppen pier). A lock trip leads down the river to Lake Kettwig (Kettwig pier).

On May 1, 1933, the Weisse Flotte Baldeney , then Verkehrsgesellschaft Baldeney , started operations with three ferries for the miners of the surrounding collieries and with three passenger ships for trips around the lake. Half a million passengers were counted in the first year. A new lock was built in the weir for excursion boats and leisure captains. It began in the 1930s as a ferry service for workers from the former collieries. The Weisse Flotte currently operates seven passenger ships. The last, the MS Innogy , went into operation in 2006 and, after being converted into a methanol-powered electric ship, was bought by the White Fleet Baldeney with Innogy as a sponsor for the Green Capital year 2017 . The first passenger ship, built by Jean Stauff in Königswinter , went into operation in 1933 under the name Baldeney . In 1979 it was sold to East Friesland after two years as a mermaid on the Moselle , where it sailed the Ems-Jade Canal and the Nordgeorgsfehn Canal, baptized as the Moornixe . In the summer of 2018, the ship was bought back by an Essen resident. After the restoration, a berth was found in Mülheim an der Ruhr at the beginning of 2020 , so that excursions with the ship will be possible again from spring 2020.

The lake as a sports facility

Regatta tower

The continuously developed footpaths and bike paths around the lake are around 14 kilometers long. The marathon around the Baldeneysee has been taking place here since 1963 .

Every year since 1935, sailing regattas have been held on the lake , some of which are of national importance. There is also a regatta course for rowing and canoeing and underwater anchorages for playing fields for canoe polo . Competitions up to European championships are held here. The urban regatta house with changing, washing, recreation and training rooms is home to the state performance center for canoe racing, where numerous Olympic and world champions train.

The Baldeneysee has a regatta tower on the north bank. It was built in 1962 by the Essen Building Department with the assistance of the architect Horst Lippert. Three staggered, all-round glazed floors in a sloping steel construction allow those responsible a view over the lake. It offers booths for referees, track announcers and radio commentators. In the course of the expansion of the regatta course of the Baldeneysee for national and international competitions, the grandstands east of the tower and a regatta house were also built. For the 2010 Capital of Culture year, the Essen artist Christoph Hildebrand installed the work of art Time on the roof of the tower with twenty different-sized clocks with randomly rotating hands.

There are several fishing clubs around the Baldeneysee. At the lake there are around 25 sailing clubs with their own water and land berths, which organize around 30 regattas per year. The Wednesday regatta of the Scheppen Sailors' Comradeship is known among local sailors. The annual regatta calendar is organized by the sailing community at Baldeneysee.

See also

Web links

Commons : Baldeneysee  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b play of light over the Baldeneysee . In: Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung , September 18, 2008; 75th anniversary article
  2. ↑ Erich Hampe : The civil air defense in the Second World War - Documentation and experience reports on construction and use. Bernard and Graefe Verlag, 1963, page 560
  3. ↑ Dr. Helmut Grau, Jürgen Lohbeck, Sven Polkläser: The Krupp night light system in Velbert. Scala Verlag, Velbert 2017
  4. ^ Seaside Beach Baldeney. essenerbaeder.de, accessed on December 10, 2015 .
  5. ↑ Torben Börgers: RTL floods a Hamburg district. In: Hamburger Abendblatt . December 13, 2004, accessed December 1, 2015 .
  6. ↑ New start for swimming in the Ruhr and Baldeneysee . ( Memento from December 4, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) DerWesten.de, July 6, 2010
  7. ↑ Das Blaue Wunder, in: Welt am Sonntag No. 22, May 28, 2017, NRW, p. 2.
  8. ↑ a b Swimming in the Baldeneysee - Baden in the Ruhr is possible again . In: Rheinische Post , May 23, 2017; Retrieved May 28, 1027
  9. ↑ Internet presence of the project Ruhr-Atoll 2010 ; offline - January 2012
  10. ^ Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung (WAZ), Essen local section, April 26, 2008
  11. ↑ Homepage of the White Fleet
  12. ↑ Hans-Karl Reintjens: discovered interests first passenger ship in East Friesland ; In: Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung of July 6, 2018
  13. ↑ WDR - Local Time Ruhr from February 22, 2020
  14. ↑ On the history of the Essen Sailing Week ( Memento from November 8, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  15. ↑ Berger Bergmann, Peter Brdenk (Ed.): Architecture in Essen 1960–2013 . Klartext Verlag, Essen 2013, ISBN 978-3-8375-0832-1 , p. 64 .
  16. ↑ Sailing clubs on wfg-baldeneysee.org