1st Guard Reserve Division

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1st Guard Reserve Division

active August 2, 1914 to July 1919
Country German EmpireThe German Imperium German Empire
Armed forces Prussian Army
Branch of service infantry
Insinuation Guard Reserve Corps

The 1st Guards Reserve Division was a major unit of the Prussian army in the First World War . At the end of January 1919, it was rebuilt from volunteers and used as part of the Eastern Border Guard in the Baltic States and Poland . It was dissolved in July 1919.

structure

Division of War 1914

In August 1914 the reserves of the Prussian guards were mobilized and formed into the 1st Guard Reserve Division. The original organization was as follows:

  • 1st Guard Reserve Infantry Brigade
    • 1st Guard Reserve Infantry Regiment
    • 2nd Guard Reserve Infantry Regiment
    • Guard Reserve Hunter Battalion
  • 15th Reserve Infantry Brigade
    • Reserve Infantry Regiment No. 64
    • Reserve Infantry Regiment No. 93
    • Guard Reserve Rifle Battalion
  • Guard Reserve Dragoon Regiment
  • Guard Reserve Field Artillery Brigade
    • 1st Guard Reserve Field Artillery Regiment
    • 3rd Guard Reserve Field Artillery Regiment
  • 2nd company / 2. Brandenburg Pioneer Battalion No. 28
  • 3rd company / 2nd Brandenburg Pioneer Battalion No. 28

Division of War 1918

From 1915 onwards most of the German divisions received a so-called triangular structure : an infantry brigade consisting of three infantry regiments, divisional artillery and other division troops; in contrast to the square structure that prevailed at the outbreak of war with two infantry brigades of two infantry regiments each. An artillery commander replaced the artillery brigade headquarters in the course of the war; the cavalry was reduced and the contingent of engineers increased. A news department was also created. The structure of the 1st Guard Reserve Division on February 23, 1918 reflects these changes:

  • 1st Guard Reserve Infantry Brigade
    • 1st Guard Reserve Infantry Regiment
    • 2nd Guard Reserve Infantry Regiment
    • Guard Reserve Infantry Regiment No. 64
    • MG sniper division No. 70
  • 1st Squadron / Guard Reserve Dragoon Regiment
  • Guard Artillery Commander No. 8
    • 1st Guard Reserve Field Artillery Regiment
    • II. Department / 2. Guard Reserve Foot Artillery Regiment
  • Staff of the 2nd Brandenburg Pioneer Battalion No. 28
    • 2nd company / 2. Brandenburg Pioneer Battalion No. 28
    • 3rd company / 2nd Brandenburg Pioneer Battalion No. 28
    • 5th Guard Mine Thrower Company
  • Divisional News Department # 401

history

The division was a reserve formation of the Prussian guard units, the elite regiments from the time of the Kingdom of Prussia . It was formed with the mobilization in August 1914 and was deployed on the western and eastern fronts. The Allied reconnaissance valued it as a reliable division that was ready to hold or retake the position with casualties. The first general staff officer was Friedrich von Rabenau .

After the end of the war and return home, the division was reorganized from volunteers in Berlin at the end of January 1919 and assigned to the VI. Reserve Corps under Rüdiger von der Goltz in the Baltic States. In the spring of 1919 it was the strongest association of the so-called Baltic States , which in 1919 took over border protection operations on the north-eastern border of Germany on behalf of the Supreme Army Command and from March 1919 they were deployed in the Latvian War of Independence .

Battle calendar

1914

  • August 20th --- Meuse crossing in Andenne
  • August 22nd to 25th --- Conquest of Namur
  • August 26th to September 3rd --- transport to the east
  • August 26th to September 3rd --- Reserve of the OHL
  • September 5th to 15th --- Battle of the Masurian Lakes
    • September 8th to 9th --- Battle of the Alley
  • September 28th --- Battle at Jendrzejow
  • September 30th --- Battle near Kielce
  • October 1st --- Battle of Bzin
  • October 4-5 --- Battles near Opatów and Radom
  • October 9-20 --- Battle of Ivangorod
  • October 22nd to 28th --- Fights on the Pilica
  • November 5th to December 15th --- Fights near Czenstochau
  • December 15 to 16 --- Battle near Piotrkow
  • December 18 to January 10 --- Battle of the Rawka - Bzura
    • December 18 --- Rceczyia
    • December 19-20 --- Lubocz
    • from December 21st --- Fights near Rceczyia-Lubocz

1915

  • until January 10th --- Fights near Rceczyia-Lubocz
  • February 10th to 13th --- Battles near Sierpe
  • February 14th to 17th --- Battles near Racionz and Drobin
  • February 18th to June 26th --- Position battles near Racionz
    • February 19-21 --- Battles near Radzanowo-Bromierz
    • March 1 to 9 --- Battles near Plock
  • July 13th to 17th --- breakthrough battle near Przasnysz
    • July 13th --- Breakthrough at Zberoz-Wengra
    • July 15th --- Breakthrough at Sjeljona
    • July 16 --- Filipy
    • July 17th storming of the Chelchy positions
  • July 18-22 --- Pursuit battles to the Lower Narew
  • July 23rd to August 3rd --- Battle of the Narew
    • July 24th --- Taking Pultusk
    • July 25th to 26th --- at the Prut and at Ciepielin
  • August 4th --- Storming of the enemy positions on the Passjeki-Ponikiew-Goworowo railway line
  • 4th to 7th August --- Battle of the Orz Bach
  • August 7th --- Maidan-Wonsewo-Trynosy
  • August 8th to 10th --- Battle of Ostrow
  • August 11th to 12th --- Battle of Chishev Sambrov
  • August 12th --- Storming of Godlewo Sloop
  • August 13th to 18th --- Pursuit battles on the upper Narew and Nurzec
  • August 19-25 --- Battle of Bielsk
    • August 19-21 --- Fights on the Biala section
    • August 22nd --- Storming the heights of Topczykaly
    • 23rd to 24th August --- fighting on the Orlanka
  • August 26th to September 5th --- Chase battles on Swislocz and Naumka-Werecia
  • September 5th --- Fights near Szylowice and Szewki
  • September 6-7 --- Battle of Wolkowyszk
  • September 8 to 12 --- Battle of the Zelwianka and the Niemen
  • September 12th to 17th --- Battle of Szczara and Jelnia
  • September 17-27 --- Pursuit battles in the Lithuanian swamps
  • September 28 to October 4 --- Trench warfare on the Berezina, Olschanka and Krewlyanka
  • October 4th to 15th --- Transport to the west
  • from October 5th --- OHL reserve in the area of ​​the 6th Army

1916

  • to 8 May --- OHL reserve in the area of ​​the 6th Army
  • May 9th to June 23rd --- Trench warfare in Flanders and Artois
  • June 24th to July 7th --- Scouting and demonstration battles
  • 7th to 27th July --- Trench warfare in Flanders and Artois
  • July 27th to August 19th --- Battle of the Somme
  • August 24th to September 9th --- Battle of the Somme
  • September 10th to November 3rd --- Reserve of the 1st and 4th Army
  • November 4th to 18th --- Battle of the Somme
  • from November 19th --- trench warfare on the Somme

1917

1918

  • January 1st to February 26th --- Trench warfare in Flanders and Artois
  • February 26th to March 15th --- Reserve of the OHL
  • March 16-20 --- Deployment for the Great Battle of France
  • March 21st to April 6th --- Great battle in France
  • April 9th ​​to 18th --- Battle of Armentières
  • May 1st to August 4th --- Trench warfare in Flanders and Artois
  • August 5th to 20th --- Fighting off the Ypres Front - La Bassée
  • August 21 to September 2 --- Battle of Monchy- Bapaume
  • September 2nd --- Fights at Dury and Villers-lez-Cagnicourt
  • September 3 to 26 --- Fighting in front of the Siegfried Front
  • September 27th to October 8th --- Defensive battle between Cambrai and St. Quentin
  • October 9th to November 4th --- Fights in front of and in the Hermann position
  • November 5th to 11th --- fighting in retreat in front of the Antwerp-Maas position
  • from November 12th --- evacuation of the occupied territory and march home
  • December --- Protection of Berlin

1919

  • January --- Protection of Berlin and recruitment of volunteers
  • February to May --- Relocation by ship from Stettin to Courland , deployment and operations thaw and ice drift in Courland
  • May to July --- Relocation to the Eastern Border Guard in Poland
  • July --- Dissolution and return of the 2nd Guard Infantry Regiment (Freikorps Plehwe) to the Baltic States

Commanders

Rank Surname date
Major General / Lieutenant General Viktor Albrecht August 1, 1914 to January 23, 1917
Major general Paul Tiede January 24, 1917 to June 10, 1919

literature

  • Hall of Fame of our Old Army. Published on the basis of official material from the Reich Archives . Military Publishing House. Berlin 1927. pp. 82-83.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Cron et al., Hall of Fame
  2. ↑ Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty-One Divisions of the German Army which Participated in the War (1914-1918). Compiled from records of Intelligence section of the General Staff . American Expeditionary Forces, at General Headquarters. Chaumont, France 1919. (1920). Pp. 24-25.
  3. ^ Wilhelm Lenz : The German Reich Policy, the Bermondt Company and the Baltic Germans 1918/1919 . In: Boris Meissner, Dietrich André Loeber, Detlef Henning (eds.): The German ethnic group in Latvia during the interwar period and current issues of German-Latvian relations . Bibliotheca Baltica, Tallinn 2000, ISBN 9985-800-21-4 , pp. 15–39, here p. 21.
  4. ↑ Bernhard Sauer: From the "Myth of an Eternal Soldierhood". The German Freikorps campaign in the Baltic States in 1919. In: ZfG 43 (1995), pp. 869–902, here p. 876.