Johann Andreas Eisenbarth

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Johann Andreas Eisenbarth at the age of 54 ( copper engraving [cropped] by AB König [Berlin] from 1717)

Johann Andreas Eisenbarth (also Eisenbart , Eysenbart , Eysenparth ; born probably on March 27, 1663 in Oberviechtach in the Upper Palatinate ; † November 11, 1727 in Hannoversch Münden ) was a German craft surgeon , who was famous throughout the country for his healing success as a traveling surgeon and star engraver attained. In Prussia he was appointed court counselor and court ophthalmologist by the “soldier king” Friedrich Wilhelm I because of his ophthalmological services . However, Eisenbarth has remained known to this day, although he never led a doctoral degree, primarily through a drinking song written around 1800 with the title I am the Doctor Eisenbart .

Eisenbarth was from 1686 to 1715 by numerous rulers with privileges equipped, which enabled him, as a country doctor "in a contiguous area - to act enormous proportions, without being hindered in his journey activities of national borders [...] - even by today's standards and thus without having to pay the usual customs duties for the medicines he brought with him. ”This enabled him to sell the 20 or so remedies produced in his Magdeburg factory so profitably that he sometimes moved from place to place with 120 helpers and as one of the first doctors in Germany were able to use leaflets and advertisements in newspapers as advertising material. Eisenbarth's surgical techniques were still recognized as exemplary 25 years after his death by the founder of scientific surgery in Germany, Lorenz Heister .

Life

Youth and apprenticeship

The Catholic parish church of St. John the Baptist in Oberviechtach in 2008

Johann Andreas Eisenbarth was baptized on March 27, 1663 in the Catholic parish church of S. Johannis Baptistae (= St. John the Baptist) in Oberviechtach - probably on the day of his birth or the following, as was customary at the time. He was the third child of his father, the fracture cutter (= surgeon for hernias ) and oculist (= ophthalmologist ) Matthias Eisenbarth (1627–1673) and his wife Maria Magdalena nee. Schaub. His grandfather Wilhelm Eysenbart (around 1588–1646) probably came from Unterkochen and was employed as a hospital servant (= worker in an old people's house and poor house ) in Dinkelsbühl . Wilhelm Eysenbart achieved some prosperity through his sideline work as a Sauschneider and - according to Johann Andreas Eisenbarth's father - as a surgeon .

Immediately after the early death of his father in 1673 - at the age of ten - Johann Andreas was placed in the care of his brother-in-law Alexander Biller, the husband of an older sister. At that time Biller was practicing in Bamberg as an oculist, stone cutter and curd cutter . Due to the family ties, the mother, who remained penniless after the death of her husband, did not have to pay an apprenticeship fee for Johann Andreas for his training in the art of surgery and wound medicine. At the beginning of the 1690s, Biller was “in the Churfürstl. Bavarian resident Munich , ordained landscape city, and hospithal doctor ”.

Interrupted by a six-month stay in the monastery, Johann Andreas Eisenbarth, after a total of ten years of training and the subsequent mandatory hiking time (from 1678), presented his " trial piece " of the craft surgeon in Laufen near Salzburg in 1684 : a star stitch on a 50-year-old man. He then stayed for another year with his brother-in-law in Bamberg and in 1686 went to Altenburg , the royal seat of the Dukes of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg .

Privileged country doctor in Saxony-Gotha-Altenburg

After moving from Bamberg to Altenburg, Johann Andreas Eisenbarth initially worked for the master craftsman surgeon Johann Heinigke, from whom he separated six months later. Instead, he opened his own practice on the market square in Altenburg, which - as evidenced by a denunciation letter dated June 8, 1686 to the Duke - immediately met with the resentment of his long-term local colleagues. Eisenbarth did not take the master craftsman examination all his life , presumably because of the high examination fees. As a result, however, he "later had to repeatedly resolve conflicts with his fellow classmates and face the examinations of the medical authorities" and initially could not settle anywhere as an independent craft surgeon and therefore had to move around as a traveling doctor.

In Altenburg, Eisenbarth converted to Protestantism - the state religion in the duchy - on June 27, 1686 , "probably for economic reasons". Thanks to the support of a benevolent opinion of the Altenburg city council, Friedrich von Sachsen-Gotha- Altenburg granted him the privilege of working as an oculist, stone and quarry cutter in the towns and villages of the duchy on August 26, 1686 . This ducal permit also proves that Eisenbarth was “ sufficiently experienced in his art of eye curling, stone , cancer and fracture cutting” and that 30 people had already operated successfully in Altenburg by then. The successful review of his surgical techniques by two ducal doctors, including a broken scrotum , and the ducal privilege meant that Eisenbarth now - as was common for wandering craft surgeons at the time - at the annual fairs and, with the approval of the respective city authorities, at all weekly markets in the duchy practice surgical activity and also sell his self-made ointments. However, he was forbidden to distribute internally applied drugs - the internal medicine at that time was the sole responsibility those doctors who graduated (the doctor -degree) at a university had made; conversely, these academically trained doctors did not work as surgeons and wound healers.

View into the choir and the choir stalls of the Altenburg Brethren Church

As herzoglich privileged country doctor Eisenbarth could now for the first time rely on a secure income, which meant that he was only one month after acceptance of the privilege on 26 August 1686, the Altenburg Brethren Church born the daughter of his colleague, Elisabeth Catharina Heinigke, married. From this marriage a total of seven children were born by 1706, of which three sons died in childhood. “The godparents are nobles, high officials and wealthy citizens”, which shows the high reputation that Eisenbarth had earned. Immediately after the wedding, he traveled to the immediate vicinity of Altenburg and treated patients in Gera , Haselbach , Saara , Ronneburg , Schmölln and Leipzig , and later also in Zwickau , mostly - as was common at the time - in a tent or a booth on the market square. "By the spring of 1688, Johann Andreas Eisenbart had cured over 200 patients from fractures, blindness (cataracts), rabbit loops and cancerous ulcers in Altenburg ."

Privileges for Weimar, Jena and Erfurt

In March 1688 Eisenbarth left the Duchy of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg and settled in Weimar . Eisenbarth's reputation as a good surgeon had preceded him, so that he was allowed to treat numerous patients in Weimar and in nearby Buttstädt . As early as May 10, 1688, Eisenbarth received his second privilege at his request, issued in the name of Duke Wilhelm Ernst of Saxe-Weimar and valid for the two duchies of Saxony-Weimar and Saxony-Jena . In this privilege, Eisenbarth was certified to operate “in a particularly fast manner, even without feeling great pain”.

At the same time, this privilege allowed him to offer his medicines to the public. He was allowed to legally compete with the local pharmacists . So he had the right to dispense like a pharmacist, without having to observe a dispensing prohibition by doctors. He was also allowed to practice outside of the annual and weekly markets. Above all, the privilege stipulated "that besides yourself no other of the same science and profession in the lands of the principalities of Weimar and Jena would appear publicly on the weekly markets or outside of them and undertake to curry and heal such ailments".

As early as February 18, 1689, Eisenbarth was able to expand his sphere of activity again: his application for a privilege for neighboring Erfurt was granted by the 4th governor of Erfurt , Archbishop Anselm Franz von Mainz . This far-reaching permit enabled him to practice "as well in our city of Erffurth as in other of our countries on open weekly and annual markets for cheap [reasonable] reward"; furthermore he may “because he wants to sell his goods in public, but does not want to be allowed to anyone else”. This privilege also secured Eisenbarth a monopoly on the markets in Erfurt and in the rural estates of the entire Archdiocese of Mainz . He was ordered by the Archbishop to cure the poor for free and to “get involved in the civil work”. Eisenbarth immediately complied with this request, became a citizen of Erfurt in March 1689, but kept his permanent residence in Altenburg. His naturalization is recorded in the council minutes with the entry “Dr. Eisenbart, a broken cutter ”. Eisenbarth himself did not use the doctoral degree (which he was also not entitled to), but called himself city ​​doctor of Erfurt with official permission .

Further privileges

Johann Andreas Eisenbarth at the age of 35 (copper engraving by Martin Bernigeroth from 1697)

In his dissertation The country doctor and drug manufacturer Johann Andreas Eisenbarth (1663-1727) , the doctor Karl Hieke described the number of privileges that Eisenbarth was able to acquire as "unprecedented": The ten documents were initially valid for

Hieke also pointed out that Eisenbarth had "planned and systematically expanded his field of activity from a strategic point of view". The privileges granted to him finally made it possible for Eisenbarth to travel large parts of the then Holy Roman Empire regardless of customs barriers - and the associated taxes on goods carried.

Of particular importance for Eisenbarth was the privilege of March 25, 1707 for Prussia, personally signed by King Friedrich I , which now also allowed him to prescribe his “Medicinalia”, “without me from the Medicis pharmacists, and someone else , including some hindrance ”, namely“ with all those patients who entrust themselves to you free and unhindered inwardly and personally ”; further that he “may also sell and send the same to all and everyone who ask for them”. In this way, Eisenbarth was allowed to legally compete with his medicines both with pharmacists and with academically trained internists, who until then had the sole privilege of prescribing and selling internally effective medicines. The privilege was renewed on March 25, 1708 and after the death of Frederick I was confirmed by his successor Friedrich Wilhelm I on June 29, 1715.

Travel and surgical success

Wooden statue on the successor building of the house where Johann Andreas Eisenbarth died in Hann. Münden . The house where he died was demolished in 1895.
On the plaque below the statue it is written:
"He was different from his reputation."

The privileges were at the same time proof of quality, which enabled Eisenbarth to pursue his craft elsewhere. The sovereigns of the German Empire only issued such work permit certificates for craft surgeons after they had been checked by court doctors and physicists (official doctors) for sufficient theoretical knowledge and manual skills. The background to this regulation was that in the 17th and 18th centuries the supply of the rural population in particular was not guaranteed. Because the craft surgeons preferred to settle in the more densely populated cities because of the better income opportunities. Countless quacks romped about in the country , the craft of the surgeon was also practiced there by blacksmiths and executioners . Since the guild of bathers and barbers , to which the craft surgeons belonged, limited the influx of new colleagues in the cities, the privileges ensured a craft surgeon who could not settle down as a roving country doctor due to a lack of vacant positions.

After his privileges were expanded beyond what is now the German federal states of Saxony and Thuringia , trips to Poland , Holland , France and Italy (1693–1696) are documented, repeatedly to Frankfurt am Main for the Frankfurt Fair (1700, 1701, 1704, 1725), to Kassel , Wetzlar , Mainz , Darmstadt (1704/1705), to Aurich (1715), to Danzig and Königsberg (1723).

Experienced the height of his fame as a surgeon Johann Andreas Eisenbarth in 1716. After being in Berlin , Stargard and Stettin had practiced, he was in early February on the way to Münster when he in Magdeburg a personal command of the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm I brought was: He had "to go to Stargard immediately, where he should report to Colonel Lieutenant Von Grävnitz ", "who had damaged his eye", against which he should "use his utmost diligence to help such a person again". Of all the surgeons in Prussia, he was therefore regarded as the most capable of rushing to the officer’s aid: Eisenbarth successfully removed a bullet that had penetrated the head in the right eye and had to be cut out of the left eye. The priority of successful sympathetic ophthalmia therapy is to be ascribed to him. In gratitude, Eisenbarth was appointed Prussian court advisor and court ophthalmologist in early 1717 .

The Eisenbarth biographer Eike Pies repeatedly points out in his publications that Eisenbarth - in contrast to other doctors traveling over the country - repeatedly visited the same places at short intervals and stayed until his patients' convalescence phase was complete. On the one hand, this is evidence of the care with which Eisenbarth took care of his patients after an operation; on the other hand, for the high quality of his operations, as he had so few failures ( malpractice , medical errors ) to record that he could afford to work in the same place for a long time and to appear again soon afterwards. This interpretation is evidenced not only by repeated stays in localities in the vicinity of his place of residence - first Weimar, later Magdeburg - but also in distant cities such as Frankfurt am Main (1700, 1701, 1704, 1725), Leipzig (1686, 1691, 1692, 1697, 1698) and Berlin (1696, 1697, 1704, 1706, 1710, 1717, 1722, 1724).

Nevertheless, there were also operations with fatal results. After Eisenbarth removed a bladder stone from a 13-year-old boy in Bremen on September 10, 1714 , he died twelve days later. And on October 23, 1723, he operated on a six-year-old child in Königsberg for a bladder stone, which died seven days later because of an inflammation of the peritoneum . Both cases - the only documented failures in the removal of bladder stones - were officially examined and, according to the archives, apparently had no consequences for Eisenbarth. While almost 150 fracture operations are proven by sources, no “malpractice” has become known in these operations; The only exception is the officially examined case of a child who died in Altenburg in 1686 after a hernia operation, but possibly not of its consequences.

The last years of life

Memorial plaque in Göttingen
Gravestone at the Aegidienkirche in Hann. Münden

As early as 1703, Johann Andreas Eisenbarth had acquired the residential and brewery Zum Güldenen Apfel in Magdeburg and set up a production facility for pharmaceuticals there, in the same year he also acquired citizenship in the city that was then part of Prussia . This place of residence later contributed to obtaining a privilege for Prussia from 1707 onwards.

In 1721 his wife Catharina Elisabeth died in Magdeburg, with whom he had been married for 35 years. A year later he married for the second time, the widow of a colleague from Arendsee in the Altmark. About her and the obviously unhappy marriage, he wrote in his will that "in the face of my great weakness, since I was touched by the stroke, showed me little goodness, yes even left me once without a watch of my own and I gave you 20 Reichsthaler when you came back have to send, then I always threaten you again if you didn't want to go straight to your mind ”. Accordingly, she has neither taken care of her husband, who has become ailing in old age, nor has she been too precise about marital fidelity.

When Eisenbarth visited Frankfurt am Main again in 1725, he was already plagued by gout , and he had apparently already suffered a first stroke . Despite the support of his youngest son Adam Gottfried, who now assisted his father with difficult operations, the manual errors increased. In Bremen in 1726 he was denied permission to practice for the first time. At the end of August 1727, Eisenbarth was passing through Göttingen at the Zum Schwarzen Bären inn , where he was obviously doing so badly that he wrote his will on September 1st.

His son Adam Gottfried accompanied him from Göttingen to Münden, where they rented a room at the Zum wilden Mann inn and continued to receive patients. On November 6, 1727, Johann Andreas Eisenbarth suffered another stroke; he died five days later in the little room in the inn. On November 13th his body was buried in the choir of the Aegidienkirche . His tombstone was removed from the church choir around 100 years after his death for the purpose of repopulating the grave and placed on the north side of the church.

Advertising in the Baroque Age

Johann Andreas Eisenbarth used his privileges not only as proof of his ability to the authorities, but also as an advertisement for the rural population. In contrast to today, doctors in the 17th and 18th centuries - in the Baroque era - were not restricted in their advertising. While word of mouth was enough for both the resident doctors who studied medicine in the cities and the local craft surgeons to attract patients, the wandering country doctors even had to rely on attracting the public's attention. According to the scientific analysis of Johann Andreas Eisenbarth's advertising material published in 2002 , this and his appearance in public “testify to his talent to present himself and his abilities in a way that can be measured against today's modern advertising strategies”.

At first, his advertising material included mainly leaflets that were distributed by helpers when Eisenbarth set up camp at a new location. In these leaflets, the diseases he was able to cure were named with reference to his privileges, and his remedies were also touted. From 1705 on, numerous advertisements in newspapers are also documented, in which occasionally successfully operated patients were named as references . From a leaflet from 1698 it emerges that his helpers could be recognized by their scarlet uniforms with silver trimmings and so were to be distinguished from fraudsters who used his name; Eisenbarth himself was also dressed in a scarlet men's skirt , wore an allonge wig and a three- cornered hat over it when he appeared in public.

In order to attract audiences to the weekly markets, to which his privileges gave him access, Eisenbarth also gathered a group of comedians : at the height of his success, around 120 people. In addition to the actors, there were also trumpeters and drummers, grooms and cooks, dentists and other medical helpers, along with a large group of horses and wagons. The fact that Eisenbarth - like many country doctors of his era - was accompanied by jugglers and had his stay announced by criminals later gave rise to the drinking and mocking song , which, although wrongly portraying him as a quack , has kept the memory of him alive to this day.

In contrast to other country doctors, Eisenbarth only carried out minor interventions in marketplaces - on the open stage or in the tent behind the stage. The fact that he refrained from such show effects, “but operated on his patients in their apartments or accommodated foreigners in the inns where he stayed himself, will not least be due to a herniotomy [the repair of a hernia ] that he suffered only nine weeks after his Examination 1686 fails ".

Establishment of a pharmaceutical manufacture

According to Sabine Sander's definition, Eisenbarth belonged to the group of non-guild land-based surgical specialists as an oculist, stone and break cutter. These land-based medical specialists, who also had to treat their patients with wound medicine after surgical interventions, also carried the tinctures , ointments and plasters required for this with them. They either obtained these remedies as finished products from pharmacists or they made them themselves. For Eisenbarth it is documented that at the beginning of his career he produced and sold herbal ointments , mithridate and Augenstein .

After Eisenbarth had acquired the large residential and brewery Zum güldenen Apfel (at that time: Apfelstrasse No. 9) in Magdeburg in 1703 , he converted the brewing equipment into a production facility for medicines, in which around 20 different preparations were made by helpers: This factory became Because of the large number of its products it is called "the first pharmaceutical factory in Germany known by name". Among other things, a laxative , a powder against dizziness, toothache and headache, a "balm" to strengthen memory, heart and stomach, a "universal medicine" against infertility and remedies for syphilis and gonorrhea were produced . The total of 570 square meters of usable area of ​​the property also offered space for a treatment room and several hospital rooms on two floors, so that Eisenbarth was able to practice in his surgeon’s office like a guild-like master in Magdeburg from 1704.

Eisenbarth also developed a special star needle for his star stitches , which is already documented for 1693. He turned off high nasal polyps with a hook he invented especially for this procedure.

Afterlife

Glockenspiel at the town hall Münden in Hann. Münden with jugglers and Doctor Eisenbarth, who pulls a tooth (which cannot be proven for the historical model)

In Oberviechtach, Viechtach , Hann. Münden, Bamberg and Magdeburg streets and schools were named after Johann Andreas Eisenbarth. At the Black Bear in Göttingen, a Göttingen plaque commemorates his stay. In November 1977 a special postage stamp was issued to mark the 250th anniversary of his death . Numerous archive materials on Eisenbarth's life and work are kept in the Pies-Archiv family foundation, Forschungszentrum Vorderhunsrück e. V. kept in Dommershausen in the Hunsrück . In 1978 the Austrian writer Friedl Hofbauer published the book for young people, My dear Doctor Eisenbarth .

The song from Doctor Eisenbarth

Today Johann Andreas Eisenbarth is still widely known because around 70 years after his death a Göttingen student, of whom only the beer name Perceo ("dwarf" or "small stature") has been passed down, wrote a drinking song with the first line like this reads: "I am the Doctor Eisenbarth." As a student song, text and melody made the rounds in numerous variations through the student associations of German universities from around 1800 ; In 1815 a variant was first printed in a Kommersbuch . This song in turn has inspired various authors to the present day for novels (e.g. Agnes Harder , 1897; Josef Winckler , 1928; Otto Weddigen , 1909; Fritz Nölle , 1940; Hanns Kneifel , 2002), for plays (e.g. Otto Falckenberg , 1908) , on operas ( Alfred Böckmann and Pavel Haas ) and Nico Dostal on the operetta Doktor Eisenbart . Hanna and Siegfried Stolte's school opera The Doctor on the Market Square , written in the GDR in the 1950s, was also based on motifs from the life of Doctor Eisenbarth.

Appreciation by Lorenz Heister

What has largely been forgotten, however, is that the surgical interventions by Johann Andreas Eisenbarth were recognized as exemplary long after his death by the founder of scientific surgery in Germany, Lorenz Heister . In his work Medicinische, Chirurgische und Anatomische Pernehmungen (Medicinal, Surgical and Anatomical Perceptions) , published in 1753, Heister described several interventions by Eisenbarth, which he had carried out in Heister's father's inn in Frankfurt am Main during the Frankfurt trade fair ; At that time - presumably 1701 - Heister was 17 years old and still a high school student.

At the beginning of his work, Heister mentions that the "then very famous iron beard" carried out extremely difficult surgical interventions "because at that time in Frankfurt almost no one, neither Medicis nor surgeons, undertook or performed such cures there". Since at that time in this important city with 30,000 inhabitants there was neither an academically trained doctor nor a craft surgeon who ran the risk of losing his job if a difficult procedure failed, Heister decided to observe the art of traveling doctors. Heister then described in detail the successful operation of a scrotum hernia in a nine-year-old boy, who, however - as was common at the time - had to have a testicle cut off. Heister particularly emphasized that little blood was shed and that Eisenbarth took care of the renewal of the wound dressing for three weeks after the operation, so that the operation did not result in suppuration . Eisenbarth also skillfully removed a hydrocele in a 13-year-old boy; Here Heister emphasized that Eisenbarth had succeeded in maintaining the boy's fertility, while other craft surgeons at that time usually amputated both testicles. Similarly favorably located Heister commented on Eisenbarths hand at Star stinging and removal of a child's head "Bacon Gewächses" at the head of a woman, which cut away is not of local doctor had dared.

Oberviechtach

Doctor Eisenbarth Fountain in Oberviechtach

An Eisenbarth Festival, written by the Viechtach pharmacist Karl Gareis, first took place in Viechtach in Lower Bavaria, where it was premiered in 1935. After the Second World War , the performances were stopped when it turned out that not Viechtach, but Oberviechtach was the birthplace of Eisenbarth. Since then, the open-air festival "Doctor Eisenbarth" has been performed every year in his native Oberviechtach. A modern version of Gareis' Eisenbarth Festival was performed for the Viechtach 900th anniversary celebration in 2004. Another edition was performed in summer 2014.

The Doctor Eisenbarth and City Museum and the Eisenbarth Archive are located in Oberviechtach. There is also the Doctor Eisenbarth School there .

The Eisenbarth pharmacy sells a herbal liqueur , the Eisenbarth elixir . This semisweet based on ancient recipes and contains herbal extracts and opium-free Theriak . It has an alcohol content of 38 % by volume .

Hann. Münden

In the place where he died, the Doktor Eisenbarth Games had been staged in the summer since around 1950, which took place as an open-air play on the stage in front of the town hall. The “Dr. Eisenbarth-Spiel "presented the work of the traveling doctor in rhyming verses in a humorous way. On September 4th, 2011, citizens of Münder founded the association" Doktor-Eisenbarth-Spiele Hann, together with former players and theater enthusiasts. Münden ”, which has set itself the goal of presenting the life and work of the traveling doctor. Since 2014 the play has been performed at a new venue, the Packhof, a warehouse from the early 19th century. A stage will be set up in the inner courtyard and the play will be performed on several dates.

In summer in Hann. In addition, free “consultation hours with Doctor Eisenbart” take place every Saturday afternoon. In addition, at the Hann. Münden adventure tours and home visits with "Doctor Eisenbart" can be booked.

The glockenspiel, which sounds three times a day in the gable of the Münden town hall, with the Doctor Eisenbart song and a series of figures, shows the surgeon extracting a tooth (which the historical surgeon never did).

There is a colored wooden statue of the surgeon on a building in Langen Strasse, depicting him with an enema syringe in his hands and a medicine bottle on his feet: A predecessor of the half-timbered building was the inn "Zum wilden Mann", where he died.

  • Doctor Eisenbarth figure at the entrance to Hann. Münden

  • “Consultation with the doctor” on the street in Hann. Münden

  • Sign of the Dr. Eisenbart pharmacy in Hann. Münden

Magdeburg

Figure of Doctor Eisenbarth on the "Eisenbarthbrunnen" in Magdeburg
German postage stamp from 1977 for the 250th anniversary of the death of Johann Andreas Eisenbarth, designed by Holger Börnsen

In Magdeburg , on the site of the former house "Zum Güldenen Apfel", Eisenbarth's long-term residence, the Eisenbarthbrunnen stands . A variant of the well-known song is also attached to this.

Abstract:

"I am Doctor Eisenbarth,
widewidewitt, bum bum
Kurir the people my way
widewidewitt, bum bum
Can make the blind go
And that the lame see again.
Gloria, Viktoria, widewidewitt yuchheirassa!
Gloria, Viktoria, widewidewitt, bum bum.
Once upon a time there was an old man
widewidewitt, bum bum
A hollow tooth in the throat
widewidewitt, bum bum
I shot him out with the pistol
Oh God, how is the man so well.
Gloria, Viktoria ...
Then the great tsar called me straight away,
widewidewitt, bum bum
He suffered already long on cataracts ,
widewidewitt, bum bum
I put out both eyes
Now the star is out too.
Gloria, Viktoria ... "

literature

  • Paul Mitzschke :  Eisenbart, Johann Andreas . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 48, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1904, pp. 301-317.
  • Arthur Kopp : Eisenbart in life and in songs . Berlin 1900 Internet Archive .
  • Arthur Kopp : News about Doctor Eisenbart . In: Zeitschrift für Bücherfreunde 7.1 (1903-1904), pp. 217-226 Internet Archive .
  • Karl Brethauer :  Eisenbarth, Johann Andreas. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 4, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1959, ISBN 3-428-00185-0 , p. 411 ( digitized version ).
  • Eike Pies: I'm Doctor Eisenbarth. Road Doctor. Life and work of the famous surgeon. A picture biography . Ariston Verlag, Geneva 1977, ISBN 3-7205-1155-3 .
  • Ernst Andreas Friedrich : A tombstone in Münden. In: If stones could talk. Volume II, Landbuch-Verlag, Hanover 1992, ISBN 3-7842-0479-1 , pp. 161-162.
  • Karl Hieke: The country doctor and pharmaceutical manufacturer Johann Andreas Eisenbarth (1663–1727), represented using his advertising material and other contemporary sources. Publishing house Dr. Eike Pies, Sprockhövel 2002, ISBN 3-928441-42-6 (also dissertation in the field of medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn 2002).
  • Eike Pies : Eisenbarth. The end of a legend. Life and work of the brilliant surgeon, well-traveled country doctor and first German pharmaceutical manufacturer Johann Andreas Eisenbarth (1663–1727). Verlag E. & U. Brockhaus, Wuppertal 2004, ISBN 3-930132-24-9 .
  • Iris Schatz: Doctor Eisenbarth: Unprecedented operations and medicines. In: Deutsches Ärzteblatt. Volume 106, No. 12, 2009, pp. A-567 / B-485 / C-469. (Full text; PDF)
  • Ludwig Schießl, Werner E. Gerabek , Manfred Jähne, Michael Nerlich, Thomas Richter, Christoph Weißer: Doctor Eisenbarth (1663–1727). A master of his trade. Medical-historical appreciation of the baroque traveling doctor on his 350th birthday. Deutscher Wissenschafts-Verlag , Baden-Baden 2013, ISBN 978-3-86888-064-9 .
  • Daniela Schießl: Doctor Eisenbarth - an ambivalent perceived personality. The picture of the baroque traveling doctor Johann Andreas Eisenbarth (1663–1727) in the mirror of selected sources from the end of the 17th to the beginning of the 20th century. Oberviechtach 2017 (Oberviechtacher Museumsschriften, Volume 3), ISBN 978-3-9819149-0-0 ; also dissertation, University of Regensburg, 2017.

Web links

Commons : Johann Andreas Eisenbarth  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The information on the tombstone (1661) in Hann. Münden is faulty. The baptism certificate shows that Eisenbarth was baptized on March 27, 1663; At that time it was customary to baptize the newborn on the day of the birth, see: Eike Pies: Eisenbarth. The end of a legend . 2004, pp. 21 and 337.
  2. ^ A b Karl Hieke: The country doctor and pharmaceutical manufacturer [...]. 2002, p. 29.
  3. ↑ Eike Pies : Eisenbarth. The end of a legend. 2004, p. 14 ff.
  4. ↑ Quoted from Eike Pies: I am Doctor Eisenbarth. 1977, p. 62.
  5. ↑ a b Karl Hieke: The country doctor and drug manufacturer ... 2002, p. 19.
  6. ↑ a b Eike Pies: Eisenbarth. The end of a legend. 2004, p. 36.
  7. ↑ Eike Pies: Eisenbarth. The end of a legend. 2004, p. 44.
  8. ↑ Eike Pies: Eisenbarth. The end of a legend. 2004, p. 46.
  9. ↑ Eike Pies: Eisenbarth. The end of a legend. 2004, p. 50.
  10. ↑ Eike Pies: I am Doctor Eisenbarth. 1977, p. 76 f.
  11. ↑ Eike Pies: I am Doctor Eisenbarth. 1977, p. 51.
  12. ^ Karl Hieke: The country doctor and drug manufacturer ... 2002, p. 182.
  13. ↑ Eike Pies: I am Doctor Eisenbarth. 1977, p. 79.
  14. ^ Karl Hieke: The country doctor and drug manufacturer ... 2002, p. 22 f.
  15. ↑ Quoted from Eike Pies: I am Doctor Eisenbarth. 1977, p. 207 f.
  16. ^ Karl Hieke: The country doctor and drug manufacturer ... 2002, p. 30 f.
  17. ↑ Quoted from Eike Pies: I am Doctor Eisenbarth. 1977, p. 221 f.
  18. ↑ Dr. Jähne: The traveling doctor Johann Andreas Eisenbarth (1663 to 1727) in Saxony. In: Ärzteblatt Sachsen. No. 12/2013.
  19. ^ Karl Hieke: The country doctor and drug manufacturer ... 2002, pp. 29–31.
  20. ^ Karl Hieke: The country doctor and drug manufacturer ... 2002, p. 90.
  21. ^ Karl Hieke: The country doctor and drug manufacturer ... 2002, p. 78.
  22. ↑ Quoted from Eike Pies: I am Doctor Eisenbarth. 1977, p. 251 f.
  23. ↑ Karl Hieke: The country doctor and pharmaceutical manufacturer ... 2002, p. 12.
  24. ↑ Eike Pies: Eisenbarth. The end of a legend. 2004, p. 89.
  25. ^ Song dictionary
  26. ↑ Eike Pies: Eisenbarth. The end of a legend. 2004, p. 163.
  27. ^ Sabine Sander: craft surgeons - social history of a displaced professional group. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1989, ISBN 3-525-35745-1 , p. 54 ff .; zugl .: Gießen, Univ., Diss., 1986/87
  28. ^ Karl Hieke: The country doctor and drug manufacturer ... 2002, p. 116.
  29. ↑ Karl Hieke: The country doctor and pharmaceutical manufacturer ... 2002, p. 144.
  30. ^ Karl Hieke: The country doctor and drug manufacturer ... 2002, p. 129 f.
  31. ↑ Karl Hieke: The country doctor and pharmaceutical manufacturer ... 2002, p. 25.
  32. ↑ Eike Pies: Eisenbarth. The end of a legend. 2004, p. 329.
  33. ↑ D. Laurentius Heister's Medicinal, Surgical and Anatomical Perceptions. In addition to coppers and doubled registers. Published by Johann Christian Koppe, Rostock 1753, pp. 2–8, (full text) . The fact that “Perceptions” 2 to 5 relate to Eisenbarth can be seen from the note on page 7, lines 5-6.
  34. ^ Doctor Eisenbarth Festspielverein Oberviechtach.
  35. ^ Doc Eisenbarth is back in Town. Website of the theater performance 2014 ( Memento from February 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  36. ↑ Doctor Eisenbarth and City Museum, Oberviechtach
  37. ↑ Eckart Roloff and Karin Henke-Wendt: A misunderstood medicus, but popular and very skilled. (The Doctor Eisenbarth and City Museum in Oberviechtach.) In: Visit your doctor or pharmacist. A tour through Germany's museums for medicine and pharmacy. Volume 2, Southern Germany. Verlag S. Hirzel, Stuttgart 2015, pp. 138-140, ISBN 978-3-7776-2511-9
  38. ^ Website of the Eisenbarth pharmacy in Oberviechtach .
  39. ↑ eisenbarth-theater.de website of Doctor Eisenbarth games Hann. Münden e. V.
  40. ↑ hann.muenden-tourismus.de : On the way with Doctor Eisenbart.
This article was added to the list of excellent articles on April 16, 2013 in this version .
personal data
SURNAME Eisenbarth, Johann Andreas
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Eisenbart, Johann Andreas; Eysenbarth, Johann Andreas; Eisenbarth, doctor
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German craft surgeon, surgeon and star engraver
DATE OF BIRTH March 27, 1663
PLACE OF BIRTH Oberviechtach
DATE OF DEATH November 11, 1727
Place of death Münden