List of trees and shrubs in Central Europe

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Floristic zones according to Wolfgang Frey and Rainer Lösch , 2004
birch
European yew
Chestnut fruits
Branch of the ginkgo tree
Common pine
Basket willow
Medlar
poplar
Flowers of black elder
Holly
Fruits of rowan or mountain ash

This list of trees and shrubs in Central Europe includes trees and shrubs , i.e. all woody plants that are native to Central Europe or German-speaking countries or that are cultivated on a large scale.

For wood species native or naturalized in Switzerland, see also the list of woody trees in Switzerland .

More naked

The naked- seed plants developed in the Upper Permian and are now mainly represented by coniferous plants .

Ginkgo plants

The Ginkgo family (Ginkgoaceae) has only one representative. They had a greater distribution 250 million years ago.

  • Ginkgo , silver tree ( Ginkgo biloba ), tree, up to 30 m, cultivated as an ornamental tree, homeland: China

Pine family

The pine family (Pinaceae) comprises 9 genera with 225 species worldwide, including the genera firs ( Abies ), cedars ( Cedrus ), hemlocks ( Tsuga ), pines ( Pinus ), larches ( Larix ) and Douglas firs ( Pseudotsuga ). Forestry makes extensive use of the species in this family.

Fir trees

  • Silver fir , silver fir ( Abies alba ), tree, 30 to 60 m, indigenous
  • Nikko fir ( Abies homolepis ), tree, up to 30 m, homeland: Japan
  • Giant fir , coastal fir ( Abies grandis ), tree up to 80 m, native: North America
  • Nordmann fir ( Abies nordmanniana ), tree, up to 30 m, cultivated (especially as a Christmas tree) Origin: Caucasus

Hemlocks

Spruce trees

  • Norway spruce ( Picea abies ), tree, 30 to 50 m, native
  • Serbian spruce , omorika spruce ( Picea omorika ), tree, up to 30 m, ornamental tree, rarely grown in forestry. Home: Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia
  • Blue spruce, blue spruce ( Picea pungens ), tree, up to 35 m, ornamental and forest tree. Home: Northwest America
  • Sitka spruce ( Picea sitchensis ), tree, up to 80 m, ornamental and forest tree. Home: North America

Pine trees

  • Swiss stone pine , Swiss stone pine , Swiss stone pine ( Pinus cembra ), tree, 10 to 20 m, native (Alps)
  • Krummholz pine , Scots pine, mountain pine ( Pinus mugo ), shrub, 3 to 5 m, native (Alps)
    • Scalloped pine ( Pinus mugo subsp. Mugo )
    • Dwarf dwarf pine pine ( Pinus mugo subsp. Pumilio )
    • Bog pine ( Pinus mugo subsp. Rotundata ), shrub or tree, up to 10 m, native
  • Spirke ( Pinus uncinata , also Pinus mugo subsp. Uncinata ), tree, 10 to 20 m, native (Alps)
  • Forest pine , also red pines, common pine ( Pinus sylvestris ), tree, 40 to 50 m, native
    • Ordinary Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris subsp. Sylvestris )
    • Engadin forest pine ( Pinus sylvestris subsp. Engadinensis ), native
  • Black pine , black pine ( Pinus nigra subsp. Nigra ), tree, 20 to 35 m, native to Austria, planted in Germany, occasionally feral
  • Coastal pine , rotary pine ( Pinus contorta ), tree, up to 50 m, native to North America, very seldom cultivated for forestry in Germany
  • White Pine ( Pinus strobus ), tree, up to 60 m, native: North America, cultivated in forest and naturalized

Larches

  • European larch ( Larix decidua ), tree, up to 40 m, native (Alps)
  • Japanese larch ( Larix kaempferi ), tree, up to 30 m, cultivated, homeland: Japan.
  • Bastard larch ( Larix × eurolepis ), hybrid of Japanese and European larch, cultivated in forestry.

Douglas firs

  • Douglas fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii ), tree, 50 to 60 m, cultivated and naturalized, homeland: North America

Cypress family

The cypress family (Cupressaceae) contains 30 genera with 142 species. Only two species are indigenous, the others are primarily grown as ornamental trees.

  • Common juniper ( Juniperus communis ), shrub / tree, up to 6 (12) m, native
    • Common juniper ( Juniperus communis subsp. Communis )
    • Dwarf juniper ( Juniperus communis subsp. Alpina )
  • Sedge tree , stink juniper ( Juniperus sabina ), shrub, 0.5 to 2 (12) m, native (in Germany only Bavarian Alps)
  • False cypress trees ( Chamaecyparis )
  • Oriental arborvitae ( Platycladus orientalis ), tree, up to 20 m, homeland: Northeast Asia.
  • Occidental arborvitae ( Thuja occidentalis ), tree, up to 38 m, native to North America.
  • Giant arborvitae ( Thuja plicata ), tree, up to 60 m, native to North America.
  • Ancient sequoia ( Metasequoia glyptostroboides ), tree, up to 30 m, homeland: China.
  • Bald cypress ( Taxodium distichum ), tree, up to 35 m, home: Central America, southern USA.

Yew family

The yew family (Taxaceae) includes 5 genera with 18 species worldwide. In Central Europe there is only one species from the yew genus .

More covered

Nightshade family

  • Common wolfberry ( Lycium barbarum ), shrub, 1 to 4 m, naturalized. Home: East Asia to the Mediterranean
  • Chinese boxthorn ( Lycium chinense ), shrub, up to 1 m, possibly naturalized. Home: East Asia

Rachenblütler (figwort family)

  • Bluebell tree ( Paulownia tomentosa ), tree, up to 15 m, cultivated, has been feral for a few years. Home: China

Willow plants

In Central Europe, the willow family (Salicaceae) includes the genera willow (Salix) and poplar (Populus) . The family includes 350 species worldwide. With around three dozen species, the willow is one of the most species-rich types of wood in Central Europe.

Pastures

The pastures are rich in species. Trees and shrubs that grow taller than 4 m include:

  • Pointed-leaved willow ( S. acutifolia ) 3–10 m, cultivated and (rarely) naturalized
  • White willow ( S. alba ) 6–35 m, indigenous
  • Foxtail willow ( S. × alopecuroides ): S. fragilis × S. triandra , native
  • Large-leaf willow ( S. appendiculata ), 2–6 m, native
  • Sal willow ( S. caprea ) 3–10 m, indigenous
  • Ripe willow ( S. daphnoides ), 3–12 m, native
  • Filzast willow ( S. dasyclados ), 4–6 m, native
  • Lavender willow ( S. eleagnos ) 3-6 (20) m, native
  • Broken willow ( S. fragilis ) 3–25 m, native
  • Fragile laurel willow ( S. × meyeriana ): S. pentandra × S. fragilis , up to 20 m, native
  • Laurel willow ( S. pentandra ), 4-7 (15) m, native
  • Purple willow ( S. purpurea ), up to 6 m, native
  • Hohe Weide , Fahl-Willow ( S. × rubens ): ( S. alba × S. fragilis )? m, native
  • Blend willow ( S. × rubra ): S. purpurea × S. viminalis , native
  • Kübler-Weide ( S. × smithiana ): ( S. caprea × S. viminialis )? m, native
  • Basket willow ( S. viminalis ), 3-5 (10) m, native

Small species up to 4 m in height are:

  • Alpine willow ( S. alpina ), dwarf shrub, native (extinct in Germany)
  • Bastard ear willow ( S. × ambigua ): S. repens × S. aurita , shrub, up to 1.5 m, indigenous
  • Ear willow ( S. aurita ), up to 2 (3) m, native
  • Two-colored willow ( S. bicolor ) Small shrub, up to 5 m, native (extinct in Germany)
  • Short-toothed willow , matted willow ( S. breviserrata ), dwarf shrub, native to Austria and Switzerland, not to Germany
  • Blue willow ( S. caesia ), small shrub, native to Austria and Switzerland, not to Germany
  • Ash willow or gray willow ( S. cinerea ) 4 m, indigenous
    • Rust-red willow ( S. cinerea subsp. Oleifolia ), native
  • Ruch willow ( S. foetida ) 2 m, alpine, native to Austria and Switzerland, not to Germany
  • Bald willow , glossy willow ( S. glabra ), dwarf shrub, up to 1.5 m, native (Eastern Alps)
  • Silk willow ( S. glaucosericea ), dwarf shrub, native to Austria and Switzerland, not to Germany
  • Spit willow ( S. hastata ), dwarf shrub, up to 1.5 m, indigenous
  • High valley pasture ( S. hegetschweileri ) −4 m, alpine, native to Austria and Switzerland, not to Germany
  • Swiss willow ( S. helvetica ) Small shrub −1.5 m, native to Austria and Switzerland, not to Germany
  • Cabbage willow ( S. herbacea ), dwarf shrub, native
  • Downy willow ( S. laggeri ), small shrub −2 m, alpine, native to Austria and Switzerland, not to Germany
  • Lapland willow ( S. lapponum ), dwarf shrub, Northern Europe (outpost in the Giant Mountains), not in Germany
  • Bush willow ( S. × mollissima ): ( S. triandra × S. viminalis ), native
  • Multi-nerved willow ( S. × multinervis ): ( S. aurita × S. cinerea ) 3–5 m, native
  • Black willow ( S. myrsinifolia ), up to 4 m, native
  • Blueberry willow ( S. myrtilloides ), dwarf shrub, 0.5 m, native
  • Creeping willow ( S. repens ), small shrub, up to 1 m
  • Net willow ( S. reticulata ), dwarf shrub, native
  • Blunt-leaved willow ( S. retusa ) Syn .: Salix kitaibeliana , dwarf shrub, native
  • Quendel willow ( S. serpyllifolia ), dwarf shrub, native
  • Pale willow ( S. starkeana ), dwarf shrub, up to 1 m, indigenous
  • Almond willow ( S. triandra ) 1.5-4 (8) m, native
    • Ordinary almond willow ( S. triandra subsp. Triandra )
    • Frosted Almond willow ( S. triandra subsp. Amygdalina )
  • Sapling willow ( S. waldsteiniana ), dwarf shrub, 1 m, indigenous

The high alpine species herb-willow ( S. herbacea) , reticulated willow ( S. reticulata) and blunt-leaved willow ( S. retusa) are summarized under the term "glacier willow".

Poplars

  • Silver poplar ( Populus alba ), tree, up to 35 m, native
  • Quivering poplar , aspen ( Populus tremula ), tree / shrub, up to 10 (30) m, native
  • Gray poplar ( Populus × canescens ), tree, up to 30 m, native. Hybrid of silver poplar and quivering poplar.
  • Black poplar ( Populus nigra ), tree, up to 30 m, native, endangered in Germany (Rote Liste 3)
  • Bastard black poplar ( Populus × canadensis ), tree, up to 30 m, naturalized. Hybrid of European and American style
  • Balsam poplar ( Populus balsamifera ), tree, native to: North America
  • Western balsam poplar ( Populus trichocarpa ), tree, up to 35 m, naturalized. Home: North America.

Gagelgewächse

  • Gale shrub ( Myrica gale ), shrub, 0.3–2.5 m, native

Walnuts

  • Real walnut ( Juglans regia ), tree, 10 to 25 m, origin: Southern Europe. naturalized.
  • Black walnut ( Juglans nigra ), tree, up to 30 m, home: North America. only planted.
  • Caucasian wingnut ( Pterocarya fraxinifolia ), tree, up to 25 m, homeland: Asia. only planted.

Birch family (Betulaceae)

The birch family (Betulaceae) includes the genera birch ( Betula ) and alder ( Alnus ) with around 95 species worldwide. Today the hazelnut family (Coryloideae) also belong to the birch family (Betulaceae) as a subfamily.

Birch family (Betuloideae)

Silver birch ( Betula pendula )

Birch trees ( betula )

  • Silver birch , sand birch, weeping birch ( Betula pendula ), tree, up to 30 m, native
  • Downy birch , hairy birch, downy birch ( Betula pubescens ), tree, native
    • Downy Birch ( Betula pubescens subsp. Pubescens )
    • Carpathian birch ( Betula pubescens subsp. Carpatica ), shrub, 1 to 3 (8) m, native
  • Dwarf birch ( Betula nana ), shrub, 0.2 to 0.5 (1.2) m, native
  • Shrub birch ( Betula humilis ), shrub, 0.5 to 2.5 m, native.

Alder ( Alnus )

  • Black alder ( Alnus glutinosa ), tree, up to 25 m, native
  • Gray alder , white alder ( Alnus incana ), tree, native
  • Green alder , Alpine alder ( Alnus viridis subsp. Viridis , = Alnus alnobetula ), shrub, up to 3 m, native
  • Heart-leaved alder , Italian alder ( Alnus cordata ), tree, up to 15 m, native to Calabria and Corsica.
  • Red alder ( Alnus rubra ), from America

Hazelnut family (Coryloideae)

The hazelnut family (Coryloideae) are a subfamily of the birch family ( Betulaceae ) and are represented by the following species:

  • Hornbeam ( Carpinus betulus ), tree, up to 25 m, native
  • Common hazelnut ( Corylus avellana ), shrub, up to 6 m, native.
  • Tree hazel ( Corylus colurna ), tree up to 20 m, Southeast Europe, Asia, planted as a park and avenue tree

Beech family

The beech family (Fagaceae) includes 6 to 9 genera and over 800 species worldwide. In Germany the genera beech ( Fagus ), oak ( Quercus ) and sweet chestnut ( Castanea ) occur.

Book

Chestnuts

  • Real chestnut , sweet chestnut ( Castanea sativa ), tree, 10–35 m, archaeophyte , home: Southern and Western Europe, North Africa

Oak trees

  • English oak ( Quercus robur ), tree, up to 50 m, indigenous
  • Sessile oak ( Quercus petraea ), tree, 18 to 30 (40) m, native
  • Zerr oak ( Quercus cerris ), tree, up to 35 m, native
  • Downy oak ( Quercus pubescens ), tree, up to 20 m, native
  • Red oak ( Quercus rubra ), tree, up to 35 m, origin: North America, cultivated for forestry
  • Swamp oak ( Quercus palustris ), tree, up to 25 m, native to: North America

Elm family

The elm family (Ulmaceae) are a family consisting of 18 genera and 150 species, most of them trees. Due to the Dutch elm disease , the three native species have become rare.

  • Mountain elm ( Ulmus glabra ), tree, 30 to 40 m, native
  • Flutter elm ( Ulmus laevis ), tree, up to 35 m, native
  • Field elm ( Ulmus minor ), tree, up to 40 m, native
  • English elm ( Ulmus procera ), tree, up to 40 m, rarely planted

Hemp plants

  • American hackberry ( Celtis occidentalis ), tree, up to 25 m, naturalized locally, native to eastern North America
  • European nettle tree ( Celtis australis ), tree, up to 25 m, mostly planted, native to: southern Europe, North Africa

Plane trees

Soap tree plants

The soap tree family (Sapindaceae) today includes 2 important genera, both of which belong to the subfamily of the horse chestnut family (Hippocastanoideae):

  • Genus: Maples ( Acer )
    • Sycamore maple ( Acer pseudoplatanus ), tree, up to 30 m, native
    • Field maple ( Acer campestre ), tree, up to 15 m, native
    • Norway maple ( Acer platanoides ), shrub / tree, up to 25 m, native
    • Castle maple ( Acer monspessulanum ) shrub / tree, up to 6 (10) m, native to southwest Germany
    • Snowball maple ( Acer opalus ), tree, up to 20 m, native (extremely rare in Germany, on the Upper Rhine)
    • Ash maple ( Acer negundo ), tree, up to 6 (25) m, naturalized, homeland: North America
  • Genus: Horse chestnut ( Aesculus )

Sumac family

  • Vinegar tree ( Rhus typhina ), shrub, 3–5 m, ornamental shrub, increasingly overgrown. Home: North America.

Holly family

  • Holly ( Ilex aquifolium ), shrub / tree, 1–10 m, native

Linden family

The linden family (Tilioideae) are now a subfamily of the mallow family (Malvaceae), with 50 genera and 450 species, have two representatives in Central Europe.

  • Winter lime ( Tilia cordata ), tree, up to 25 m, native
  • Summer linden ( Tilia platyphyllos ), tree, up to 30 m, native
  • Silver linden ( Tilia tomentosa ), tree, up to 30 m, planted as a street tree, inconsistently overgrown, native to the Balkans and Asia Minor
  • Crimean lime ( Tilia × euchlora ), tree, up to 18 m, planted as a street tree, hybrid

Furthermore, there is also a natural hybrid of the first two representatives in Central Europe:

  • Dutch linden ( Tilia × vulgaris ), tree, up to 40 m, native

Olive plants

The olive tree also belongs to the olive tree family (Oleaceae) in southern Europe :

  • Common ash ( Fraxinus excelsior ), tree, 10–40 m, native
  • Narrow-leaved ash ( Fraxinus angustifolia ), tree, 20 to 30 m, native to eastern Austria (Donau-, Marchauen)
  • Manna ash ( Fraxinus ornus ), tree, 5–10 m, naturalized, home: Southern Europe
  • Pennsylvanian ash ( Fraxinus pennsylvanica ), tree, 16 to 48 m, naturalized, homeland: North America
  • Common privet , rain willow ( Ligustrum vulgare ), shrub, 1–5 m, native
  • Common lilac ( Syringa vulgaris ), shrub, up to 2 (10) m, cultivated and naturalized, homeland: southern Europe
  • other types of ornamental shrubs ( lilac , forsythia ) are cultivated

Buddleia

  • Butterfly lilac ( Buddleja davidii ), shrub, up to 4 m, naturalized. Home: East Asia

Bitter ash family

  • Tree of Gods ( Ailanthus altissima ), tree, 10 to 30 m, naturalized, homeland: China

Box plants

  • Boxwood ( Buxus sempervirens ), Bush, 0.3-2.0 (4,0) m, indigenous (South-West), often cultured

Buckthorn family

The family Buckthorn family ( Rhamnaceae ) is represented by 55 genera and 900 species worldwide. The lemon moth caterpillars live on the leaves of these shrubs .

Rose plants

The rose family (Rosaceae) are one large family with 12 subfamilies, 122 genera and around 3,370 species. Many types of fruit emerge from them . The subfamilies differentiate the rose plants according to their type of fruit ( pome fruit , stone fruit , etc.).

Pome fruit

The genus apple (Malus) , pear ( Pyrus ), quince ( Cydonia ), whitebeam ( Sorbus ), medlar ( Mespilus ) and hawthorn ( Crataegus ) belong to the subtribe of the pome fruit family (Pyrinae ).

  • Crab apple ( Malus sylvestris ), tree, up to 15 m, native
  • Apple tree ( Malus domestica ), tree, cultivated
  • Wild pear ( Pyrus pyraster ), tree, up to 20 m, native
  • Cultivated pear ( Pyrus communis ), tree, up to 20 m, archaeophyte , cultivated
  • Real quince ( Cydonia oblonga ), shrub, 1.20–8.00 m, cultivated, rarely naturalized, native to the Middle East
  • Genus: whitebeams and mountain ash (Sorbus). The genus includes numerous species that are difficult to identify and have not been sufficiently researched. There are possibly more than 50 species in Bavaria alone
    • Allgäu whitebeam ( Sorbus algoviensis ), shrub, up to 2 m, native (Allgäu)
    • Real whitebeam ( Sorbus aria ), shrub, up to 15 m, native
    • Rowan , mountain ash ( Sorbus aucuparia ), tree, to 15 m, indigenous
    • Mountain rowan ( Sorbus aucuparia subsp. Glabrata ), native
    • Austrian whitebeam ( Sorbus austriaca ), native (Eastern Alps)
    • Dwarf whitebeam ( Sorbus chamaemespilus ), shrub, 0.6–1.5 m, native
    • Danube whitebeam ( Sorbus danubialis ), shrub, up to 5 m, native
    • Dörrs whitebeam ( Sorbus doerriana ), shrub, 1.5 to 4 m, native (Allgäu)
    • Service tree ( Sorbus domestica ), tree, as a single tree approx. 15 m, as a forest tree up to 30 m, indigenous
    • Greek whitebeam ( Sorbus graeca ), tree, up to 10 m, native
    • Swedish whitebeam ( Sorbus intermedia ), tree, 3-10 (20) m, naturalized (Baltic Sea coast), often planted
    • Bastard whitebeams ( Sorbus latifolia agg.), Trees, 6 to 20 m, numerous indigenous small species
    • Vosges whitebeam ( Sorbus mougeotii ), 5 to 10 m, native
    • Pannonian whitebeam ( Sorbus pannonica ), shrub, up to 10 m, native
    • Hersbruck whitebeam ( Sorbus pseudothuringiaca ), shrub, 5 to 15 m, native
    • Service tree ( Sorbus torminalis ), tree, as a single tree approx. 15 m, as a forest tree up to over 30 m, native
  • Medlar ( Mespilus germanica ), shrub, up to 3 (6) m, cultivated, rarely naturalized. Home: Western Asia to Southern Europe
  • Common hawthorn ( Crataegus monogyna ), shrub, 1–2 m, native
  • Two-fluted hawthorn ( Crataegus laevigata ), shrub, up to 4 m, native
  • Large calyx hawthorn ( Crataegus rhipidophylla ), native

Wild hawthorns are very often hybrids between these three species. These include the hawthorn ( Crataegus × media var Paulii ) , which is often planted as a street tree .

Stone fruit

For the tribe of stone fruit crops (Amygdaleae) include plum , cherry , apricot , peach and almond in the genus Prunus .

  • Bird cherry , bird cherry ( Prunus avium ), tree, up to 25 m, native
  • Dwarf cherry ( Prunus fruticosa ), shrub, 0.2 to 1 m, native
  • Rock cherry , stone sissy ( Prunus mahaleb ), shrub or tree, 3 to 10 m, native
  • Common bird cherry ( Prunus padus ), tree, up to 15 m, native
    • Rock Cherry ( Prunus padus subsp. Petraea ), shrub, 1 to 5 m, native
  • Blackthorn , also sloe or black mandrel ( Prunus spinosa ), Bush, m to 3, indigenous
  • Cherry plum ( Prunus cerasifera ), 3–4 (8) m, cultivated and naturalized, homeland: Asia
  • Sour cherry ( Prunus cerasus ), cultivated, homeland: Southeast Europe, Asia Minor
    • Shrubby sour cherry ( Prunus cerasus subsp. Acida ), shrub, 0.5 to 1.5 m, naturalized
  • Plum , plum ( Prunus domestica ), tree, up to 8 m, cultivated and naturalized, native to the Middle East
    • Oat plum ( Prunus domestica subsp. Insititia ), 3 to 7 m, cultivated and naturalized
  • Middle Vistula ( Prunus × eminens ): P. cerasus × P. fruticosa , shrub, 0.5 to 1 m, ornamental shrub and naturalized.
  • Cherry laurel ( Prunus laurocerasus ), planted, rarely feral, home: Asia Minor
  • Late bird cherry ( Prunus serotina ), tree, up to 20 m, naturalized, home: North America

Rosoideae

The Rosoideae include strawberries ( Fragaria ) and rose hips ( Rosa ) with collective nut fruits, as well as raspberries and blackberries with their collective stone fruits. The blackberries include around 100 species.

  • Fir rose ( Rosa abietina ), shrub, up to 3 m, native
  • Field rose ( Rosa agrestis ), shrub, up to 2.5 m, native
  • Field rose ( Rosa arvensis ), shrub, up to 2 m, native
  • Rose hip , dog rose ( Rosa canina ), shrub, up to 3 m, native
  • Wedge-leaved rose ( Rosa elliptica ), shrub, up to 2 m, native
  • Vinegar rose ( Rosa gallica ), shrub, up to 1 m, native
  • Red-leaved rose ( Rosa glauca ), shrub, up to 2.5 m, native
  • Low-scent rose ( Rosa inodora ), shrub, up to 2 m, indigenous
  • Predatory rose ( Rosa jundzillii ), shrub, 1 to 2 m, native
  • Cinnamon rose ( Rosa majalis ), shrub, up to 1.5 m, native
  • Small-flowered rose ( Rosa micrantha ), shrub, up to 2.5 m, native
  • Alpine rose ( Rosa pendulina ), shrub, 1 to 2.5 m, native
  • Bibernell rose ( Rosa spinosissima ), shrub, 0.2 to 1 m, native
  • Wine rose ( Rosa rubiginosa ), shrub, up to 2 m, native
  • Overgrown rose ( Rosa stylosa ), shrub, up to 2 m, native
  • Blunt-leaved rose ( Rosa tomentella ), shrub, up to 3 m, native
  • Potato rose ( Rosa rugosa ), shrub, 1 to 2 m, naturalized. Home of East Asia
  • Multi-flowered rose ( Rosa multiflora ), shrub up to 2 m, naturalized. Home: East Asia
  • Dewberry ( Rubus caesius ), pseudo-shrub, native
  • Raspberry ( Rubus idaeus ), pseudo shrub, 1–2 m, native
  • Blackberries ( Rubus fruticosus agg.), False shrubs, indigenous
  • Japanese grape ( Rubus phoenicolasius ), false shrub, naturalized, homeland: East Asia
  • Cinnamon raspberry ( Rubus odoratus ), false shrub, up to 2 m, cultivated and naturalized. Home: North America
  • Japanese kerrie , also ranunculus ( Kerria japonica ), a common ornamental shrub

Spiraeoideae

From the genus of the sparaceous bushes , further species are planted as ornamental trees and are naturalized

Pimpernuts

The pimpernut plants are represented by one species in Central Europe.

  • Pimpernuss ( Staphylea pinnata ), shrub 3–4 m, native

Gooseberry family

The gooseberry family ( Grossulariaceae ) are deciduous shrubs with only one genus: Ribes .

  • Alpine currant ( Ribes alpinum ), shrub, 0.8 to 2 m, native
  • Black currant ( Ribes nigrum ), shrub, 0.8 to 1.5 m, native
  • Rock currant ( Ribes petraeum ), shrub, 1 to 2 m, native
  • Red currant ( Ribes rubrum ), shrub, 1 to 1.5 m, native
  • Spiked currant ( Ribes spicatum ), shrub, 1 to 1.5 m, rarely cultivated and naturalized. Home: Siberia, to Northern and Eastern Europe
  • Goldcurrant ( Ribes aureum ), shrub, 2 to 3 m, cultivated, rarely naturalized. Home: North America
  • Gooseberry ( Ribes uva-crispa ), shrub, 0.80 to 2 m, native

Honeysuckle family

The honeysuckle family (Caprifoliaceae) are mostly shrubs and consist of around 450 species in 15 genera worldwide.

Musk herb family (Adoxaceae)

  • Black elder (Sambucus nigra) , shrub, 3–7 m, native
  • Red elder ( Sambucus racemosa ), shrub, 1 to 3 m, native
  • Dwarf elder or attich ( Sambucus ebulus ), shrub, 0.6 to 1.5 m, native
  • Snowball (Viburnum opulus) , shrub, 1.50–3.00 m, native
  • Woolly snowball (Viburnum lantana) , shrub, 2–4 m, native

Butterflies

The Pea family (Fabaceae) are a large family.

  • Black broom ( Cytisus nigricans ), shrub, 0.3 to 1.2 (2) m, native
  • Common broom ( Cytisus scoparius ), shrub, 0.5 to 2 m, native
  • English gorse ( Genista anglica ), shrub, 0.1 to 0.4 m, native
  • German gorse ( Genista germanica ), shrub, 0.1 to 0.6 m, native
  • Hairy gorse ( Genista pilosa ), shrub, 0.1 to 0.3 (1.5) m, native
  • Dyer's gorse ( Genista tinctoria ), shrub, 0.2 to 0.6 m, native
  • Yellow bladder shrub ( Colutea arborescens ), shrub up to 5 m, naturalized
  • Gorse ( Chamaespartium sagittale ), native
  • Pea bush ( Caragana arborescens ), shrub, 2.5 to 4 (6) m, planted, very rarely overgrown
  • Striped gorse ( Cytisus striatus ), shrub, 1 to 3 m, naturalized
  • Common laburnum ( Laburnum anagyroides ), ornamental shrub , up to 7 m, naturalized. Home: Southern Europe.
  • Robinia (Robinia pseudoacacia) , tree, up to 25 m, native to North America, was cultivated for forestry, naturalized
  • Common gorse ( Ulex europaeus ), shrub, 0.6 to 2 m, naturalized, homeland: Western Europe

Barberry family

The barberry family (Berberidaceae) have 650 species worldwide.

  • Barberry (Berberis vulgaris) , shrub, up to 3 m, native
  • Oregon grape ( Mahonia aquifolium ), shrub, up to 1 m, naturalized, homeland: western North America

Dogwood family

The dogwood family (Cornaceae) includes:

Oleaceae

Only one species is native to the oleaginous family ( Elaeagnaceae ):

  • Sea buckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides ), shrub, 1–4 (11) m, native
    • Coastal sea buckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. Rhamnoides )
    • Carpathian sea buckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. Carpatica )
    • Mountain and sea buckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. Fluviatilis )
  • Narrow-leaved olive willow ( Elaeagnus angustifolia ), shrub / tree, up to 5 m, possibly naturalized, homeland: Asia.
  • Silver olive willow ( Eleagnus commutata ), shrub, up to 4 m, possibly naturalized, homeland: North America.

Daphne family

  • Alpine daphne ( Daphne alpina ), dwarf shrub, 0.2 to 1 m. Native to Austria and Switzerland, not Germany.
  • Rosemary daphne ( Daphne cneorum ), dwarf shrub, 0.1 to 0.4 m, native
  • Laurel daphne ( Daphne laureola ), shrub, 0.4 to 1.2 m, native
  • Real daphne or basement neck ( Daphne mezereum ), shrub, 0.3 to 1.5 (2.5) m, native
  • Striped daphne ( Daphne striata ), dwarf shrub, up to 0.15 (0.35) m, native

Spindle trees

Hydrangea family (Hydrangeaceae)

  • European pipe bush , false jasmine, peasant jasmine ( Philadelphus coronarius ), cultivated, rarely naturalized

Tamarisk family (Tamaricaceae)

Heather family (Ericaceae)

rhododendron

  • Rust-leaved alpine rose ( Rhododendron ferrugineum ), shrub 0.2 to 1 m, native
  • Lashed alpine rose ( Rhododendron hirsutum ), shrub, 0.2 to 1 m, native
  • Swamp porst ( Rhododendron tomentosum , syn. Ledum palustre ), bog shrub, 0.6 to 1.5 m, native
  • Greenland Porst ( Rhododendron groenlandicum ), shrub, cultivated and naturalized
  • Pontic azalea ( Rhododendron ponticum ), shrub, 1 to 4 m, locally naturalized

Rhodothamnus

  • Dwarf alpine rose ( Rhodothamnus chamaecistus ), dwarf shrub, 0.2 to 0.4 m, native (Eastern Alps)

Other genera

The family includes more dwarf shrubs such as heather ( Calluna vulgaris ), bilberry ( Vaccinium myrtillus ), cranberry ( Vaccinium vitis-idea ) and numerous others.

literature

  • Christoph Brickell, Wilhelm Barthlott (Ed.): The Royal Horticultural Society. The great plant encyclopedia AZ. Dorling Kindersley , 2004, ISBN 3-8310-0657-1
  • Godet Plant Guide: Trees and Shrubs . ISBN 3-576-10192-6
  • Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Konrad Lauber, Gerhart Wagner: Flora Helvetica . CD-ROM - Version 2.1, Haupt Verlag, 2005, 3rd edition, ISBN 3-258-06952-2
  • Alan Mitchell: The forest and park trees of Europe: An identification book for dendrologists and nature lovers . Paul Parey, Hamburg and Berlin 1975, ISBN 3-490-05918-2 (translated and edited by Gerd Krüssmann).
  • Richard Fitter, Alastair Fitter, Marjorie Blamey: Parey's Flower Book. Wild flowering plants from Germany and Northwest Europe. Paul Parey Publishing House, Hamburg, ISBN 3-490-22418-3
  • Werner Rothmaler : Excursion flora of Germany , Volume 2, vascular plants, ISBN 3-334-60828-X

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wolfgang Frey and Rainer Lösch: Geobotany: Plants and vegetation in space and time. 2010, 3rd edition, Spektrum, Heidelberg, ISBN 978-3-8274-2335-1
  2. ↑ http://daten.bayernflora.de/de/info_ Pflanzen.php?taxnr= 5973
  3. ↑ http://www.floraweb.de/neoflora/handbuch/fraxinuspennsylvanica.html
  4. ↑ http://daten.bayernflora.de/de/info_ Pflanzen.php?taxnr=61183&k= 0
  5. ↑ http://www.unics.uni-hannover.de/Geobotanik/Steckbrief-Prunus-laurocerasus.pdf
  6. ↑ http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10561310#785
  7. ↑ http://www.uni-koeln.de/math-nat-fak/didaktiken/bio/botanik/adolphi/spiraea.htm
  8. ↑ http://www.floraweb.de/neoflora/handbuch/symphoricarposalbus.html