Nakhon Si Thammarat (Province)

Nakhon Si Thammarat
ด นครศรีธรรมราช
statistics
Capital:	Nakhon Si Thammarat
Telephone code:	075
Surface:	9,942.5 km² 18.
Residents:	1,516,499 (2009) 8.
Population density :	153 E / km² 21.
ISO 3166-2 :
Governor :	Thira Minthrasak
map

Wat Phra Mahathat, the landmark of the province

Shrine with the city pillar ( Lak Müang ) of Nakhon Si Thammarat

Nakhon Si Thammarat ( Thai : นครศรีธรรมราช , alternative spelling based on the etymology : "Nagara Sri Dharmaraja"; formerly Mueang Lakhon or Ligor ) is a province ( Changwat ) in the southern region of Thailand . Nakhon Si Thammarat is the most populous province in southern Thailand.

The capital of the province is also called Nakhon Si Thammarat .

location

The province of Nakhon Si Thammarat is located about 780 kilometers south of Bangkok on the east coast of the Malay Peninsula on the Gulf of Thailand .

The province consists of a high plateau and mountains in the west, the landscape slopes down to a basin to the east. Jungle landscape, waterfalls and diverse vegetation are characteristics of the area.

The 1835 meter high Khao Luang is the highest point in southern Thailand.

Adjacent provinces and areas:
north	Surat Thani
east	Coast to the Gulf of Thailand
south	Songkhla , Phatthalung and Trang
west	Krabi

Important rivers

• Klong Klai

climate

The climate is tropical - monsoonal . There are an average of 181 rainy days per year (2001) with an average temperature of 26.9 ° C (2001). The annual rainfall is 2533 mm (2001). The maximum temperature in 2008 was 36.5 ° C, the lowest temperature was measured at 19.8 ° C. On 159 rainy days fell in the same year 2175.5  mm of precipitation.

Economy and Importance

Data

In 2008, the "Gross Provincial Product" (was GDP ) of the province 154 049 000 000 baht , equivalent to a per capita GDP of 88,091 baht.

Industry	2006	2007	2008
Agriculture	22.8	21.1	22.0
Industry	11.7	12.3	12.5
Other	65.5	66.6	65.5

All figures in%

The minimum wage in the province is 174 baht per day (around € 4).

The industry that contributed the most to the province's economic output in 2011 was agriculture with 42.337 billion baht, followed by mining and stone extraction with 21.131 billion baht, manufacturing with 18.864 billion baht and wholesale and retail with 15.629 billion baht. Baht.

Land use

The following land use is documented for the province:

• Forest area : 1,320,854 Rai (825.5 km²), 21.3% of the total area
• Agricultural area : 4,134,015 rai (2,583.8 km²), 66.5% of the total area
• Unclassified area : 759,195 Rai (474.5 km²), 12.2% of the total area

49.8% / 4,950 km² (1999) of the land area is arable land, 37.9% / 3,773 km² (1999) fallow land (1999) and 12.3% / 1,220 km² (1999) woodland.

Dams

• Damming of the Klong Klai at Nippitam planned

population

According to the 2000 census data, 99.9% of the population were Thai citizens. 93.1% were Buddhists, 6.2% Muslim. 2.9% stated Malay as their mother tongue and 2.1% Chinese .

traffic

Airport

• Nakhon Si Thammarat Airport (code NST)

Educational institutions

Universities

• Walailak University
• Nakhon Si Thammarat Rajabhat University
• Technical University of Rajamangala Srivijaya , Nakhon Si Thammarat campus

history

The kingdom of Nakhon Si Thammarat (presumably identical to the historical Tambralinga ) ruled the southern area of ​​what would later become Siam even before the founding of Sukhothai . Here was an important center of Buddhism during the Srivijaya period. An important Buddha relic is also said to lie here, which has made Nakhon Si Thammarat a center of attraction. In the 13th century a principality of the Tai (ancestors of today's Thai) emerged. During the reign of King Ramkhamhaeng (r. 1279-1298) of Sukhothai , Nakhon Si Thammarat was the southernmost branch of his sphere of influence and was ruled by one of his relatives as a vassal ruler. After Ramkhamkaeng's death, Nakhon Si Thammarat became independent again and controlled a number of dependent cities and principalities on the Malay Peninsula. From the rule of King Borommatrailokanat (ruled 1448–1488) Nakhon Si Thammarat was then a vassal of the Kingdom of Ayutthaya , but still had vassals, whose dependency it mediated to Ayutthaya.

In the 16th century it became a province of Ayutthaya, ruled by appointed governors. The position was often passed on from father to son in a quasi-dynastic manner. Nakhon Si Thammarat was one of the most important provinces in the south and had a primacy over the surrounding provinces. Its role in international trade (for example with Dutch and Portuguese traders) and the resulting wealth, as well as the great distance from the capital, encouraged a certain sense of independence. In 1629, when there was fighting for the throne in Ayutthaya, Nakhon Si Thammarat rebelled against the new king Prasat Thong . There was a renewed uprising of the local governor after the usurpation of the throne in Ayutthaya by Phetracha after the "revolution" of 1688.

After the fall of Ayutthaya in 1767, the lord of Nakhon Si Thammarat again declared himself independent with the provinces on the Malay Peninsula that he controlled. However, it was subjugated as early as 1769 by the new King Taksin , the founder of the Thonburi Kingdom . During the Siamese-Burmese War 1785–1792 , the province fell temporarily to the Burmese troops without offering any significant resistance. King Rama I reduced Nakhon Si Thammarat from a vassal rule to a first degree province (ruled by a governor with the rank of Chaophraya ) and removed control of Patani and the northern Malay states, which he instead made subordinate to the governor of Songkhla . The Kalahom (Minister of the Southern Provinces) was in charge. In the years 1821 and 1831, however, the governor of Nakhon Si Thammarat was commissioned to put down rebellions in the Malay Sultanate of Kedah .

With the introduction of a modern system of provincial administration during the reign of King Rama V (Chulalongkorn) at the end of the 19th century, Nakhon Si Thammarat became the center of a monthon of the same name , which also included the provinces of Phatthalung and Songkhla. After the end of the absolute monarchy in 1932, these large units were abolished and each province was directly subordinate to the central government. In the 1960s and 70s, the province was one of the scenes of the armed uprising of the Communist Party of Thailand and its "People's Liberation Army".

See also: History of Thailand and corresponding entry in Nakhon Si Thammarat

Population development

Residents	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002
Men	49.8%	49.8%	49.8%	49.8%	49.8%	49.8%	49.8%
Women	50.2%	50.2%	50.2%	50.2%	50.2%	50.2%	50.2%
total	1,503,156	1,511,857	1,521,057	1,525,557	1,524,558	1,527,273	1,533,894

Attractions

( See also entry in Nakhon Si Thammarat )

• Khao Kha - archeology park with 1500 year old remains and a laterite shrine on the mountain top
• Namtok Phromlak - in Amphoe Khiriwong; three-tier waterfall
• Tham Hong Cave - in Amphoe Nopphitam; with an underground river system
• Beaches of Amphoe Khanom - about 80 km north of the provincial capital
• National parks :
  • Khao Luang National Park - since 1974, 597 km²; extends around the mountain Khao Luang (1,835 m high) with a lot of rainforest ; over hundreds of meters high waterfalls, the water falls down several steps.
  • Hat Khanom-Mu Ko Thale Tai National Park - located in the districts of Sichon and Khanom , consists largely of primary forest , but there are also some mangrove forests .
  • Namtok Yong National Park - 205 km² (128,125 Rai ) large newer national park

Symbols

The seal shows the 77 meter high chedi (called Phra Borommathat Chedi ) of Wat Phra Mahathat Voramahaviharn , one of the most important historical centers of the south. The chedi is surrounded by Chinese zodiac signs . These twelve characters represent the twelve cities and city-states that previously committed to paying tribute to the kingdom of Nakhon Si Thammarat , including Kelantan , Pattani , Krabi , Songkhla and Chumphon .

The local flower is that of the tubular cassia ( Cassis fistula , Golden Shower Tree, also Indian laburnum) and the local tree is Millettia atropurpurea .

The motto of Nakhon Si Thammarat Province is:

"The great historical city with the golden temple Phrathat,

A city famous for its monasteries and nielloware ,

The country is lively and rich in natural beauties,

The minerals are more numerous than anywhere else,

The marine animals such as prawns and crabs are also in abundance. "

Administrative units

Provincial Administration

The province of Nakhon Si Thammarat is divided into 23 amphoe ('districts' or 'counties'). The districts are further subdivided into 165 tambon ('subdistricts' or 'parishes') and 1428 muban ('villages').

Amphoe (counties) Amphoe (counties) Amphoe Mueang Nakhon Si Thammarat ( อำเภอ เมือง นครศรีธรรมราช ) Amphoe Phrom Khiri ( อำเภอ พรหมคีรี ) Amphoe Lan Saka ( อำเภอ ลาน สกา ) Amphoe Chawang ( อำเภอ ฉวาง ) Amphoe Phipun ( อำเภอ พิปูน ) Amphoe Chian Yai ( อำเภอ เชียรใหญ่ ) Amphoe Cha-uat ( อำเภอ ชะอวด ) Amphoe Tha Sala ( อำเภอ ท่าศาลา ) Amphoe Thung Song ( อำเภอ ทุ่งสง ) Amphoe Na Bon ( อำเภอ นาบอน ) Amphoe Thung Yai ( อำเภอ ทุ่งใหญ่ ) Amphoe Pak Phanang ( อำเภอ ปากพนัง ) Amphoe Ron Phibun ( อำเภอ ร่อนพิบูลย์ ) Amphoe Sichon ( อำเภอ สิชล ) Amphoe Khanom ( อำเภอ ขนอม ) Amphoe Hua Sai ( อำเภอ หัวไทร ) Amphoe Bang Khan ( อำเภอ บาง ขัน ) Amphoe Tham Phannara ( อำเภอ ถ้ำ พรรณ รา ) Amphoe Chulabhorn ( อำเภอ จุฬา ภร ณ์ ) Amphoe Phra Phrom ( อำเภอ พระ พรหม ) Amphoe Nopphitam ( อำเภอ น บ พิ ตำ ) Amphoe Chang Klang ( อำเภอ ช้าง กลาง ) Chaloem Phra Kiat ( อำเภอ เฉลิมพระเกียรติ )

Map of the Amphoe

Local administration

A provincial administrative organization ( Thai องค์การ บริหาร ส่วน จังหวัด , short อบ จ. , Ongkan Borihan suan Changwat ; English Provincial Administrative Organization , PAO) exists for the entire area of ​​the province .

The province also has 54 thesaban ('communes') - including one "large city" (the provincial capital), three "cities" and 50 "small towns" - and 130 tambon administrative organizations.

Individual evidence

1. ^ ^{A b} Gross Provincial Product at Current Market Prices: Southern Provinces, National Economic and Social Development Board, 2011.
2. ↑ ^{a b} Thailand in Figures (2011), p. 395.
3. ↑ Key indicators of the population and households, Population and Housing Census 1990 and 2000: Nakhon Si Thammarat
4. ^ David K. Wyatt : Thailand. A short history. 2nd edition, Chiang Mai 2004, p. 30.
5. ^ Wyatt: Thailand. 2004, pp. 35, 43-46.
6. ^ Wyatt: Thailand. 2004, pp. 72-74.
7. ^ Wyatt: Thailand. 2004, pp. 93, 96-98.
8. ^ Wyatt: Thailand. 2004, p. 108.
9. ^ Wyatt: Thailand. 2004, pp. 93, 123-124.
10. ^ Wyatt: Thailand. 2004, p. 135.
11. ^ Wyatt: Thailand. 2004, pp. 141-143.
12. ^ Wyatt: Thailand. 2004, p. 146.
13. ^ Wyatt: Thailand. 2004, pp. 149, 156.
14. ^ Wyatt: Thailand. 2004, p. 280.

literature

• Thailand in Figures 2011 . Nonthaburi: Alpha Research 13 A. 2011. ISBN 9786167526034 .

Web links

Commons : Nakhon Si Thammarat  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Information on Nakhon Si Thammarat Province - Tourism Authority of Thailand TAT website (in English)
• Overview map of the province (names in English and Thai) [last accessed on November 7, 2013]

Coordinates: 8 ° 25 '  N , 99 ° 58'  E