Strzelce Opolskie

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Strzelce Opolskie
Coat of arms of Gmina Strzelce Opolskie
Strzelce Opolskie (Poland)
Strzelce Opolskie
Strzelce Opolskie
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Opole
Powiat : Strzelce Opolskie
Gmina : Strzelce Opolskie
Area : 30.13  km²
Geographic location : 50 ° 30 ′  N , 18 ° 17 ′  E Coordinates: 50 ° 30 ′ 0 ″  N , 18 ° 17 ′ 0 ″  E
Height : 235 m npm
Residents : 18,185 (Dec. 31, 2016)
Postal code : 47-100
Telephone code : (+48) 77
License plate : EAST
Economy and Transport
Street : Wroclaw - Katowice
Rail route : Pyskowice – Opole
Next international airport : Katowice Airport



Listen to Strzelce Opolskie ? / i (German Groß Strehlitz ) is a district town in the Polish Opole Voivodeship . It is the seat of the Powiat of the same name and Gmina Strzelce Opolskie . Audio file / audio sample

geography

Geographical location

The city is located in Upper Silesia on a plain at 235 m above sea level. NHN , about halfway between the major cities of Opole (Opole, 30 km northwest) and Gliwice (Gleiwitz, 35 km southeast). In the immediate vicinity is the Upper Silesian industrial area , the westernmost branches of which are the nearby towns of Gliwice and Pyskowice ( Peiskretscham ).

Districts

history

town hall
Ring fountain with a hunting memorial on the ring
St. Laurence
Mannerist side altars
Former Protestant parish church (until 1945), built 1825–1826
Gross Strehlitz Castle ruins
Castle Park

The city developed from a trading settlement that was mentioned in documents from the 13th century (1234, 1271, 1290). In the Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis of 1295 the place is mentioned as Strelicz. The name of the settlement can be traced back to the princely riflemen ( strzelcy in Polish ), i.e. hunters, who hunt in the area . In memory of this, there has been a protective monument on the Altmarkt in front of the town hall since 1923. The name of the settlement appeared in different forms: Strzelecz , Strzelicz , since 1581 Groß Strehlitz and since 1945 Strzelce Opolskie .

From 1313 to 1460 the village was the seat of the Duchy of Strehlitz , which fell to the Crown of Bohemia as a fief in 1327 .

It is not clear when the city was founded under Magdeburg law . There are information about 1290, 1305, 1320 and 1362. The town was probably founded and rebuilt after the attack and destruction of the settlement by Bolesław Wstydliwy in 1273 under the Opole duke Bolko I , who built a hunting lodge here before 1313. After his death, the Duchy of Opole was divided among his three sons. The youngest son Albert , who received the Strehlitz area, founded the Duchy of Strehlitz. In 1326 he gave Strehlitz city rights. A year later, the city was surrounded by a city ​​wall with two gates, the Kraków and Opole gates. It is believed that Strehlitz received city rights for the second time in 1362. Until 1532 the city was owned by the Opole branch of the Silesian Piasts . After the death of the childless Duke Johann II , the Duchy of Opole fell back to the Crown of Bohemia as a settled fief in 1532, which came to the Habsburgs in 1526 . After the First Silesian War , Strehlitz fell to Prussia in 1742, like almost all of Silesia . From 1818 it belonged to the district of Groß Strehlitz .

At the beginning of the 20th century, Groß Strehlitz had a Protestant church, two Catholic churches, a synagogue , a grammar school, a central juvenile prison , cement and machine manufacturing, lime works and was the seat of a local court . The Groß Strehlitz manor with a castle , whose owner was Count Tschirsky-Renard at the time, was located near the town. The last landowner until 1945 was Count Castell zu Castell.

In the referendum in Upper Silesia on March 20, 1921, 3,364 eligible voters (85.7 percent) voted in Groß Strehlitz for Upper Silesia to remain with Germany and 558 eligible voters (14.2 percent) for cession to Poland. The turnout was 98.4 percent; 4 invalid votes (0.1 percent) were counted. During the November pogroms in 1938 , the interior of the synagogue was destroyed, the building itself was preserved and remained unchanged until the 1970s. District leader of the NSDAP was Alfred Rieger from October 1942 to 1945 .

Until 1945, United was Strehlitz administrative headquarters of the district Great Strehlitz in the administrative district of Opole the Prussian province of Silesia of the German Reich .

Towards the end of the Second World War , following the invasion of the Red Army in January 1945, several buildings in the area of ​​the ring were burned down, including the town hall and the castle . The Red Army soldiers shot several residents of Groß Strehlitz in the following days, including Pastor Karl Lange and shopkeepers. A group of women died when they were knocked down a quarry.

After the war ended in 1945, Groß Strehlitz was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet Union . The immigration of Polish migrants began, some of whom came from areas east of the Curzon Line , where they had belonged to the Polish minority. First, the city was renamed Strzelce (generally also called Wielkie Strzelce (translated: Large Strehlitz)), and on June 28, 1948, the name was changed to Strzelce Opolskie (translated: Oppelner Strehlitz). The inhabitants of the mostly German-inhabited city were almost completely expelled . Private property, public property and company property have been confiscated by the Polish state. The nuns who had been working in the city hospital since 1930 continued to do their work in the hospital afterwards, but as Germans they were gradually released in the following years, in 1949 all their property was confiscated and finally in 1954 most of the nuns in Silesia were taken over by the militia expelled from the region and brought near Krakow. Since they were needed in the hospital and wanted to keep them, a few nurses could stay on site, but they were completely ousted from the hospital until the early 1960s. In 1950 the city came to the newly founded Opole Voivodeship.

On June 12, 1998 Strzelce Opolskie was accepted as the 114th city in the New Hanseatic League .

Demographics

Population development until 1945
year population Remarks
1751 790
1783 869
1816 1140
1825 1468 including 147 Evangelicals, 1209 Catholics, 112 Jews
1840 2122 260 Protestants, 1722 Catholics, 140 Jews
1855 2827
1861 3128 excluding the military (609 people), of which 404 are Protestants, 2283 Catholics, 441 Jews
1867 3702 on December 3rd
1871 3853 including 450 Protestants, 400 Jews (270 Poles ); According to other data, 3853 inhabitants (on December 1), including 523 Evangelicals, 2853 Catholics, 477 Jews
1890 5112 thereof 1159 Protestants, 3571 Catholics, 381 Jews (500 Poles )
1905 5775 mostly Catholics
1910 5753 on December 1st, excluding castle and manor district (307 inhabitants)
1933 11,000 of which 793 Protestants, 10,001 Catholics, one other Christian, 149 Jews
1939 11,523 979 Protestants, 10,291 Catholics, one other Christian, 71 Jews

Attractions

  • Today's town hall in the middle of the ring was built in the late classicist and neo-Gothic style in 1844–1846 .
  • Before the town hall stands the hunters monument or the ring fountain , which in 1929 by Peter Lipp in Gliwice designed and lodge official cast.
  • The large neo-baroque parish church of St. Laurentius was built between 1904 and 1907 and contains numerous pieces of equipment from the previous baroque building , such as the main altar from 1712 or the two left Mannerist side altars from the 17th century.
  • Ruins of the castle and park that burned down in 1945
  • The remains of the city ​​wall with the defense tower from the 15th century, which was rebuilt in the 17th and 18th centuries into the bell tower of the then wooden Laurentiuskirche.
  • The scrap wood church of St. Barbara was built in 1683–1690 by the carpenter Johann Brixi and furnished with late Renaissance baroque furnishings that have been preserved to this day .
  • The former Protestant and now Catholic Corpus Christi Church was built from 1825 to 1826.
  • The Ischl Tower
  • The old brewery

politics

Twin cities

collaboration

Strzelce Opolskie also works closely with other cities. These are u. a .:

coat of arms

The coat of arms is split; on the left in blue half a golden eagle at the gap (Upper Silesian eagle), on the right in gold a green branch of the vine with three leaves and blue grapes placed at an angle to the left.

traffic

The city is the traffic routes in the corridor between Breslau ( Wroclaw ) and Katowice connected to the road network, d. H. by the A4 motorway ( Europastraße 40 ), the national road 94 and the Upper Silesian Railway from Wroclaw to Katowice.

In Strzelce Opolskie station, the Bytom – Wrocław line crosses with the disused Kędzierzyn-Koźle – Kluczbork line .

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

literature

  • Felix Triest : Topographical Handbook of Upper Silesia , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, pp. 262-265 .
  • Karl August Müller : Patriotic images, in a history and description of the old castle festivals and knight castles of Prussia . Volume 1: The castle festivals and knight castles of Silesia (both parts), such as the county of Glatz , Carl Flemming, Glogau 1837, p. 152 .
  • Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, towns, cities and other places of the royal family. Preusz. Province of Silesia. 2nd Edition. Graß, Barth and Comp., Breslau 1845, p. 934 .

Web links

Commons : Strzelce Opolskie  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Strelitz in the Topographia Bohemiae, Moraviae et Silesiae  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis
  2. ↑ a b c Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 8, Leipzig / Vienna 1907, p. 427 .
  3. ^ Kruszewski, Tomasz: Partia Narodowosocjalistyczna na Śląsku w latach (NSDAP in Silesia in the years) 1933–1945, Breslau 1995.
  4. ^ Resident register for the Groß Strehlitz district, OS.1943, p. 3: NSDAP, NSDAP district offices, note: information on district manager, area manager Alfred Rieger
  5. ↑ Strzelec Opolski: Styczen 1945 (January 1945) ( Memento from December 20, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), Polish
  6. ↑ Strzelec Opolski: Zbrodnie 1945 - nowe fakty ( Memento of 27 January 2010 at the Internet Archive ), Polish
  7. ↑ Ordinance of June 1, 1948
  8. ↑ Virtual Shtetl
  9. ↑ Catholic parish of St. Laurentius Strzelce Opolskie: Dziś - 3 sierpnia - mija 60 lat ...
  10. ↑ a b c Felix Triest : Topographisches Handbuch von Oberschlesien , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, p. 263 .
  11. ^ A b Gustav Neumann : The German Empire in geographical, statistical and topographical relation . Volume 2, GFO Müller, Berlin 1874, p. 174 .
  12. ↑ Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, spots, cities and other places of the royal family. Prussia. Province of Silesia, including the Margraviate of Upper Lusatia, which now belongs entirely to the province, and the County of Glatz; together with the attached evidence of the division of the country into the various branches of civil administration. Melcher, Breslau 1830, p. 1025 .
  13. ^ Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, spots, cities and other places of the royal family. Preusz. Province of Silesia. 2nd Edition. Graß, Barth and Comp., Breslau 1845, p. 934 .
  14. ↑ a b Felix Triest : Topographisches Handbuch von Oberschlesien , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, p. 260 .
  15. ^ A b Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manor districts of the province of Silesia and their population. Based on the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Berlin 1874, pp. 312–313, item 2 .
  16. ↑ a b c M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
  17. ↑ gemeindeververzeichnis.de