Schweinitz district

The district of Schweinitz , until 1938 the district of Schweinitz and from 1950 to 1952 the district of Herzberg , existed in Prussia and the SBZ or GDR between 1816 and 1950. Its former area is now mainly in the district of Wittenberg in Saxony-Anhalt and in the district of Elbe-Elster in Brandenburg .

history

Electorate of Saxony

Under the Saxon electors , the area of ​​the district was divided into three offices: the office of Schlieben , the office of Schweinitz and the office of Seyda . Some localities belonged to the neighboring offices of Annaburg and Pretzsch . In 1806 the area became part of the newly formed Kingdom of Saxony .

Kingdom of Prussia

Seal mark Royal Prussian District Administrator of the Schweinitzer district

After the Congress of Vienna , the previous offices of Schlieben, Schweinitz and Seyda came to the Prussian state on May 21, 1815 .

As part of the Prussian administrative reforms was to 1 October 1816 Circle Schweinitz in the administrative district of Merseburg of the Prussian province of Saxony furnished. Negotiations on the final territorial boundaries ran until 1818. As early as June 13, 1817, the district administrators of the Schweinitz, Torgau, Wittenberg and Liebenwerda districts were asked by the government in Merseburg to comment on the district boundaries and the allocation of individual localities. Due to the disagreement of the district administrators, the government

• the reclassification of the Feldmark Gablenz desert from the Schweinitz district to the Wittenberg district
• the reclassification of the Mark Saaser desert from the Schweinitz district to the Torgau district
• the reclassification of the places Bahnsdorf, Friedrichsluga, Gräfendorf and Neudeck from the Liebenwerda district and the Löbener and Gerbismühle from the Torgau district to the Schweinitz district

decided.

The newly formed district was named after the largest office in terms of area, Schweinitz, but the district town later became the largest city in terms of population, Herzberg (Elster) , where the district office and other authorities were located.

German Empire

Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and from January 1, 1871 to the German Empire .

On August 10, 1876, the rural community of Kurzlipsdorf moved from the Schweinitz district to the Wittenberg district. On September 30, 1929, a regional reform took place in the Schweinitz district, in line with developments in the rest of the Free State of Prussia , in which all independent manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities. On January 1, 1939, the Schweinitz district was given the designation Landkreis in accordance with the now unified regulation . After the dissolution of the province of Saxony on July 1, 1944, the district belonged to the new province of Halle-Merseburg . In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army.

GDR

On July 1, 1950, the Schweinitz district was renamed Herzberg district; at the same time, the communities of Altsorgefeld , Langengrassau, Neusorgefeld, Schwarzenburg and Wüstermarke were reclassified to the Brandenburg district of Luckau . As part of the dissolution of the states in the GDR , a comprehensive district reform was carried out in 1952 :

• The northwestern tip of the district with the communities of Gölsdorf , Oehna , Seehausen and Zellendorf came to the Jüterbog district in the Potsdam district .
• The western part of the district came to the Jessen district in the Cottbus district .
• The eastern part of the district formed the Herzberg district in the Cottbus district.

Population development

year	Residents	source
1816	24,766
1843	33,744
1871	40,879
1890	40,921
1900	39,632
1910	39,816
1925	39,708
1933	40.276
1939	39,911
1946	56,723

District administrators

• from 1816 Heinrich Anton von Zeschau (1789–1870)
• until 1843 Christian Friedrich August Sommer
• 1843–1879 Gustav von Kleist (1801–1884)
• 1879–1900 Julius von Bodenhausen (1840–1915)
• 1900–1918 Camillo von Palombini
• 1918–1920 Hermann Rabe von Pappenheim
• 1920–1935 Otto Niese (1878–1960)
• 1936–1942 Hans-Herbert Dengler (1905–1982)
• 1942–1945 Norbert Hering (1907–1991) [de facto did not take up the service, so that Otto Böhme, who was appointed as district administrator in 1939 , ran the business as district administrator until June 11, 1945]

Local constitution

The district of Schweinitz was divided into cities, rural communities and - until their dissolution - into independent manor districts. With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Law of December 15, 1933 and the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, the leader principle was enforced at the municipal level on April 1, 1935 . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply.

cities and communes

As of 1938

In 1937 the Schweinitz district comprised six towns and 110 other municipalities:

Ahlsdorf Alt Herzberg 1 Old care field Arnsdorf Arnsnesta Bahnsdorf Battin Berga Bernsdorf Bicking Bark Bark Brandis Bush Kuhn Village Dixförda Dubro Düßnitz Fermerswalde Frankenhain Frauenhorst Freywalde Friedersdorf Friedrichsluga Gadegast Go Gentha Gerbisbach Glücksburg Gölsdorf

Gorsdorf Grabo Graefendorf Grassau Gray angle Grochwitz Large corga Large sizes Hartmannsdorf Hemsendorf Herzberg (Elster) , city Hillmersdorf Hohenbucko Hohenkuhnsdorf Wooden village horst Jagsal Jessen (Elster) , city Jeßnigk Kaxdorf Kleindröben Kleinkorga Small sizes Dumplings Klossa Knippelsdorf Kolochau Kolpien Körba

Crass Kremitz Langengrassau Lebusa Leipa Linda Lindwerder Praise Lüttchenseyda Mahdel Malitschkendorf Mellnitz Meltendorf Meuselko Mönchenhöfe Morxdorf Mill Naundorf b. Close Naundorf b. Blönsdorf New deck Neuerstadt Neunaundorf Neusorgefeld Oehna Oelsig Osteroda Polzen Premsendorf Proßmarke

Wheel Rahnisdorf Redlin Rehab Reicho Ruhlsdorf Schadewalde Close , city Schmielsdorf Nice Schöneicho Schönewalde , city Schützberg Schwarzenburg Schweinitz , city Seehausen Seyda , city Stechau Steinsdorf Proud grove Striesa Waltersdorf Weir grove Werchau Wiepersdorf Wildenau Desert brand Zellendorf Zemnick

¹ The municipality of Alt Herzberg was incorporated into the city of Herzberg (Elster) on October 1, 1938.

Name changes

In the 1930s the name or the spelling of several parishes was changed:

• Clöden → Klöden
• Colochau → Kolochau
• Leipa → Leipa (District Schweinitz)
• Werchluga → Wehrhain
• Zwiesigko → Gerbisbach

literature

• Sebastian Rick : The development of the SED dictatorship in the countryside. The districts of Liebenwerda and Schweinitz in the Soviet occupation zone 1945–1949 (= publications of the Hannah Arendt Institute for Research on Totalitarianism . Vol. 58). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2016, ISBN 978-3-525-36970-8 .
• Albert Voegler: The home book of the Schweinitz district Karl Görner Herzberg (Elster), 1931, 2 volumes.
• Local calendar for the district of Schweinitz, reprint of the years 1920–1942, Book Chamber Herzberg.
• Karl Pallas: History of the city of Herzberg in the Schweinitzer district .

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Schweinitz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• District of Schweinitz administrative history and the district administrators on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of October 8, 2013.
• For the history of the district on the website of the city of Schweinitz
• Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Schweinitz district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Home calendar for the Schweinitz district, first year, 1920, pages 37–43.
2. ^ Christian Gottfried Daniel Stein: Handbook of Geography and Statistics of the Prussian State . Vossische Buchhandlung, Berlin 1819, The administrative region of Merseburg, p. 347 ( digitized version [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
3. ^ Handbook of the Province of Saxony . Rubachsche Buchhandlung, Magdeburg 1843, Neustadt-Magdeburg, p. 252 ( digitized version [accessed June 6, 2016]).
4. ↑ Royal Statistical Office of Prussia (ed.): The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population . The municipalities and manor districts of the Province of Saxony. Publishing house d. Royal Extra Bureaus, Berlin 1873 ( digitized version [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
5. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Schweinitz district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
6. ↑ 1946 census
7. ^ Heinrich August Pierer : Universal Lexicon of the Present and Past . Volume 19, Altenburg 1865, p. 583 ( digitized version )