List of Roland statues
The list contains a list of the surviving as well as the no longer surviving Roland statues , which were erected in the 14th to 17th centuries as a symbol of the town's rights as a town.
The list is based on the research of the legal historian Dietlinde Munzel-Everling and Karl-Peter Behrens. In its publication from 2004, a total of 252 testified and alleged Rolande are listed. Only statues of Roland are listed here that correspond to the intention of being a symbol for city rights, or at least refer back to such statues. Statues that are popularly called "Roland", but are not intended to be displayed (for example the Recklinghausen Roland , which is just a normal knight statue at the town hall entrance) were not included in the list.
The list of Rolande
| place | country | received yes / no |
built | comment | photo | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amsterdam | Netherlands | No | 1520 | Removed in 1774 | ||
| Angermünde | Germany | No | around 1420 | Wooden figure - only mentioned in 1420 by Ludwig von Eyb | ||
| Aurich | Germany | Yes | 16th century (approximately) | is in the Focke Museum in Bremen | ||
| Bautzen | Germany | Yes | Also called Ritter Dutschmann ; Assignment as Roland statue questionable | |||
| Bad Bederkesa | Germany | Yes | 1602 | |||
| Bad Bramstedt | Germany | Yes | 2nd half of the 15th century | Replaced in 1654 and 1693 | ||
| Bad Segeberg | Germany | No | Pictorial mentions on two engravings from 1585 and 1588, fragment of the ladle in the Museum Alt-Segeberger Bürgerhaus | |||
| Bad Sulza | Germany | No | 1593 | probably set in 1640 | ||
| Bad Windsheim | Germany | Yes | 1928 | erected as a war memorial (8 meters high) | ||
| Belgians | Germany | Yes | 1502 | Replaced in 1610, 2005 construction of a Rolandpark with a total of 15 statues from all over Germany | ||
| Names | Germany | no, rebuilt in 2012 | 1606, 2012 | Submerged in the 18th century, rebuilt on the occasion of the nineteenth century in summer 2012 | ||
| Berlin | Germany | no (1. – 5.) / yes (6.) | 1. around 1391 (wood); 2. 1384 (toy figure); 3. 1902 (fountain figure); 4. 1915 (nail figure); 5. 1933 (wood); 6. 1905 (copy of the Brandenburg Roland) | a total of six Rolande: renewed in 1 1402 and 1474/1905; 2. Rolandstechen mentioned; 3. War damage, removed in 1950; 4. submerged; 5. submerged; 6. received (in front of the Märkisches Museum) | ||
| Bernau near Berlin | Germany | No | only mentioned in 1680 by Elias Lockelius | |||
| Boitzenburg | Germany | Yes | Erected in 1938 in Berlin as the tombstone of Roland researcher Florian Mann , moved to Boitzenburg in 1974 | |||
| Brakel | Germany | No | Destroyed in 1820 | |||
| Brandenburg on the Havel | Germany | Yes | 1402 | Replaced in 1474 | ||
| Bratislava (Pressburg) | Slovakia | Yes | 1572 | erected as a fountain ornament | ||
| Braunschweig | Germany | No | Mentioned several times at the end of the 15th / beginning of the 16th century | |||
| Bremen | Germany | Yes | 1366 (at the latest) | Replaced in 1404 and 1512, style-defining Roland, world cultural heritage with Bremen town hall . Original head in the Fockemuseum . | ||
| Bremen-Neustadt | Germany | Yes | 1737 | Small Roland fountain column on the Neuer Markt |
Little Roland in Bremen
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| Brissago | Switzerland | Yes | 1905 | as a gift from Kaiser Wilhelm II to Ruggero Leoncavallo , the composer of the opera Der Roland von Berlin | ||
| Brobergen | Germany | Yes | before 1525 | only mention in 1525, since it was already set, it was estimated around 1500; Rebuilt in 2007 | ||
| book | Germany | Yes | 1580 | possibly had a predecessor | ||
| Castle near Magdeburg | Germany | Yes | before 1521 | Originally made of wood, replaced by stone in 1581, removed in 1823 and the trunk smashed, the head was placed on the corner of a house on the market, later in front of the town hall, since 1999 a copy has been standing again | ||
| Burghorn | Netherlands | No | only mentioned in 1505, at the latest when the village of Burghorn was abandoned after 1850 | |||
| Calbe (Saale) | Germany | Yes | before 1381 | Relocated in 1381, replaced in 1656, destroyed in the aftermath of the war, rebuilt in 1976 | ||
| Cedynia (Zehden) | Poland | Yes | around 1450 | Destroyed in a city fire in 1723 and replaced in 1739, heavily damaged again in 1836 and today as a fragment in the Märkisches Museum, Berlin | ||
| Cheb (Eger) | Czech Republic | Yes | 1528 (as a fountain ornament) | Replaced in 1591, replaced by a copy in 1985, the original is now in the museum | ||
| Chemnitz | Germany | Yes | 1910 | Erected as a facade decoration on the new town hall |
Chemnitz Roland at the town hall
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| Chojna (Königsberg in the Neumark) | Poland | No | 1647 (at the latest) | probably removed in 1695 | ||
| cottbus | Germany | No | 1934 | Erected to decorate the facade of the town hall, destroyed in 1946 | ||
| Crimmitschau | Germany | Yes | 1892 | Erected to decorate the facade of the town hall, demolished in 1942 due to metal mobilization, rebuilt in 1994 | ||
| Cumlose | Germany | No | only attested in the tradition for the 16th century | |||
| Dessau | Germany | No | 1905 | Destroyed in GDR times, the base of the corner figure has been preserved, rebuilding is planned |
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| Drosendorf | Austria | Yes | 1560 | A two-tier column topped with a Roland statue. The lower octagonal column with a wreath of keel arches is late Gothic from the middle of the 16th century and the Roland figure dates from 1616. | ||
| Dubrovnik | Croatia | Yes | 1396 (probably) | Replaced by a new Roland in 1419 | ||
| Duisburg | Germany | Yes | 1902 | |||
| Eggenburg | Austria | Yes | 1620 (approx.) | |||
| Eisleben -Neustadt | Germany | Yes | circa 1590 | "Bergmannsroland" Comrade Martin, original in the museum of Luther's birthplace , now a copy from 1926 on site | ||
| Elbląg (Elblag) | Poland | No | 1404 | probably existed from 1404 to 1424 | ||
| Elze | Germany | Yes | 1925 | erected as a war memorial | ||
| Eutin | Germany | Yes | 1583 | Renewed in 1905 | ||
| Falkenstein | Austria | Yes | 16th century (probably) | |||
| Fritzlar | Germany | Yes | 1564 | Fountain figure | ||
| Gansbach | Austria | Yes | 1643 (approx.) | Pillory figure | ||
| Guards | Germany | Yes | 1540 | Destroyed in 1526 and rebuilt in 1564, destroyed again in 1727, rebuilt and rebuilt in 2002 according to written records | ||
| Garding | Germany | Yes | 1840 | in the museum today | ||
| Gorzów Wielkopolski (Landsberg / Warthe) | Poland | No | 16th century | Wooden figure - mentioned from 1576 to 1626 | ||
| Goettingen | Germany | No | 1387 (probably) | probably removed in 1791, deviating from the survival size: size one and a half cubits corresponds to about one meter | ||
| Greifswald | Germany | No | 1398 | probably destroyed in the Thirty Years War | ||
| Hagenberg | Austria | Yes | 1717 | |||
| Halberstadt | Germany | Yes | 1381 | Renewed in 1433; oldest preserved Roland statue in Germany. Was protected from the air raids on Halberstadt in the Second World War by walls. Original now in the Halberstadt City Museum. |
Ratslaube with Halberstädter Roland , Alt Halberstadt around 1900
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| Haldensleben | Germany | Yes | 1418 (at the latest) | Replaced in 1528, renewed in 1927, the original is in the museum |
The riding Haldensleber Roland
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| Hall in Tirol | Austria | Yes | 1522 |
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| Halle (Saale) | Germany | Yes | 1245 (approx.) | First mentioned 1426 - 1719 replaced, historically closely linked to the Red Tower | ||
| Hamburg | Germany | No | 1342 | Set in 1389 | ||
| Hanover | Germany | Yes | 1916 | Rebuilt in 2000 | ||
| pagan | Germany | Yes | 1740 (approx.) | |||
| Heidenreichstein | Austria | Yes | 1688 | Pillory figure - replaced by a copy in 1955 | ||
| Herford | Germany | No | 1570 (probably) | probably removed in 1878 | ||
| Hildesheim | Germany | Yes | 1548, 1986 | Erected in 1540 on the market square, the original of today's fountain is from 1548, destroyed in World War II, reproduced true to the original in 1986 | ||
| Hollenburg | Austria | Yes | 1591 | Pillory figure | ||
| Hops | Germany | Yes | 17th century | Toy figure - only mentioned in 1650 | ||
| Hoya | Germany | No | on the town hall gable - probably existed in the 17th and 18th centuries. century | |||
| Kirchnüchel | Germany | No | existed from the 16th to the 19th century | |||
| Koenigsberg in Bavaria | Germany | Yes | 1605 | |||
| Korbach | Germany | Yes | 14th century | Wooden figure - new as a stone fountain figure around 1470, replaced by a copy around 1970, original in the town hall | ||
| Brim | Germany | No | 18th century | Toy figure - existed until the 1st half of the 20th century | ||
| Laa an der Thaya | Austria | Yes | 1575 | |||
| Langenberg | Germany | No | existed in 16./17. century | |||
| Leipzig | Germany | Yes | 1914 | Erected as a facade decoration on Stentzlers Hof (corner of Petersstrasse / Peterskirchhof) | ||
| Litoměřice (Leitmeritz) | Czech Republic | Yes | 1350 (possibly) | Replaced in 1539 by a picture of Roland as a “hair man”, replaced in 1978 by a copy, the original is in the museum in Leitmeritz | ||
| Lübeck | Germany | No | 1689 | Game figure - existed in the 17th / 18th centuries century | ||
| Ludweis | Austria | Yes | 1706 | |||
| Magdeburg | Germany | Yes | 1419 | The first mention speaks of a "new Roland", so a Roland probably existed earlier, replaced in 1459, destroyed in 1631; newly built in 2005 | ||
| Meldorf | Germany | Yes | 18th century | today in the Dithmarscher Landesmuseum | ||
| Metz | France | Yes | 1908 | Erected as confirmation of the city's affiliation with Germany, the head, which initially represented the German Count Haeseler, was replaced several times due to the changing national affiliation | ||
| Muenster | Germany | No | 16th century | Game figure - existed in the 16./17. century | ||
| Neustadt / Harz | Germany | Yes | 1376? | Destroyed in 1678, rebuilt in 1730 | ||
| Neustadt / Wied | Germany | No | existed in the 17th century | |||
| new York | United States | Yes | 1890 | Replica of the Bremen Roland on the pulpit of the Zion Church in Brooklyn, donated by an emigrant | ||
| Nitzow | Germany | No | 18th century | Wooden figure - existed in the 18th and 19th centuries. century | ||
| Nordhausen | Germany | Yes | before 1385 | First mentioned in 1411, remade in 1717, is in the New Town Hall , a replica is in the Old Town Hall. Every year the Nordhäuser celebrate the unscathed survival of the wooden Roland in the heavy air raids on Nordhausen on April 3rd and 4th 1945 (with a firestorm) as a "miracle". It was probably walled in or evacuated. |
Replica of the Nordhausen Roland
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| Nuremberg | Germany | No | 1881 | Erected based on the model of the Bremen Roland, sank in 1968 | ||
| Obermarsberg | Germany | Yes | before 1410 | Church model without the tower built in 1410 - but today's copy built around 1600? |
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| Obihiro | Japan | Yes | 1970 | modern replica of the Bremen Roland (1970) | ||
| Oebisfelde-Weferlingen | Germany | Yes | 1523 | The first Roland was destroyed in 1551 and a new one was built in 1892 | ||
| Pearl Mountain | Germany | Yes | 1498 | Replaced in 1546 | ||
| Plötzky | Germany | Yes | 15th century | Disappeared around 1725, the wooden figure that appeared at the same time in the parish garden perished in 1916, rebuilt in 2005 |
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Połczyn-Zdrój (Polzin Spa) |
Poland | No | around 1400? | Damaged in the Seven Years' War and overturned in 1789, it was stored and accidentally destroyed in 1830 | ||
| Potzlow | Germany | Yes | E. 14th century | Replaced in 1727 and 1806, replaced by a copy in 1991 |
Wooden Potzlower Roland
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| Prabuty (giant castle) | Poland | Yes | 1900 | built in Berlin , sold to Riesenburg in 1928 and used as a fountain ornament, currently probably dismantled | ||
| Prague | Czech Republic | Yes | 1370 | Erected together with Charles Bridge , replaced in 1506, destroyed in the Thirty Years War, rebuilt in 1884 | ||
| Prenzlau | Germany | Yes | 15th century | Wooden figure supplemented by a stone version in 1495 - destroyed in 1737, recreated in 2000; original fragments of the historic Roland in the Prenzlauer Museum | ||
| Pula | Croatia | No | only mention in 1890 by Bédier , at that time no longer preserved | |||
| Pulkau | Austria | Yes | 1542 | |||
| Quedlinburg | Germany | Yes | 1460 | renewed in 1869 | ||
| Questenberg | Germany | Yes | 1730 | renewed in 1976 | ||
| Quito | Ecuador | Yes | 1978 | modern replica of the Bremen Roland (1978) | ||
| Riga | Latvia | Yes | 1412 (at the latest) | Replaced in 1474 and 1896, today it is in the museum and a copy from 1999 in the old square | ||
| Rolândia | Brazil | Yes | 1957 | modern replica of the Bremen Roland (1957) | ||
| Roland's Arch | Germany | Yes | 1896 | |||
| Roth | Germany | Yes | 1936 | |||
| Sądów (Sandow) | Poland | No | 17th century | Wooden figure - only mentioned in 1680 by Elias Lockelius | ||
| Sankt Michaelisdonn | Germany | No | existed in the 18th century | |||
| Schwedt | Germany | No | 14th century | only mentioned in 1656 by Konrad Jacob Hiltebrandt | ||
| Skänninge | Sweden | No | around 1500 | Wooden figure - recreated in 1990 based on old drawings | ||
| Środa Śląska (Neumarkt in Silesia) | Poland | Yes | 1913 | Erected to celebrate the centenary of the Wars of Liberation | ||
| Stendal | Germany | Yes | 1525 | Replaced by a copy in 1974 | ||
| Stralsund | Germany | No | 16th century | existed in the 16th to 18th centuries | ||
| Templin | Germany | Yes | 1937 | |||
| Tianjin | China | No | 1905 | Erected in memory of the Boxer Rebellion , destroyed by the British in 1918 | ||
| Toenning | Germany | Yes | 1720 (approx.) | |||
| Traismauer | Austria | Yes | 1584 | |||
| Verden | Germany | No | 17th century | existed in 17./18. century | ||
| Visby | Sweden | No | 1361? | probably set around 1860 | ||
| Weismain | Germany | Yes | 1572 | Replaced by a copy in 1879 | ||
| Expanses | Austria | Yes | 1620 | |||
| frond | Germany | Yes | 1450 (approx.) | Replaced by a new figure in the 17th century as the old one had fallen into disrepair | ||
| Vienna | Austria | Yes | 1913 | |||
| Wilster | Germany | Yes | 1820 (approx.) | |||
| Mountains of wind | Germany | Yes | 1660 (approx.) | |||
| Wolde | Germany | No | Wooden figure - only known from legends - probably perished at the beginning of the 19th century | |||
| Wolfsburg - Hehlingen | Germany | Yes | 2012 | to 1419 after a few years life Haldensleben have been abducted, where he now is, reorganization in 1528 and 1928. 2012 was the 900-year celebration Hehlingens a 3.50 m tall, cast in bronze and by the artist Georg Arfmann designed new horseback Roland at the city's St. Pancras Church erected | ||
| Zerbst | Germany | Yes | 1384 (at the latest) | 1445 replaced | ||
| Ziesar | Germany | No | 15th century | Wooden figure - probably existed from the 15th to the 18th century |
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Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.mz-web.de/sangerhausen/mansfeld-suedharz-wieder-ein-roland-7776534
- ^ Ulrich Würdemann: the Roland of Bremen. In: 2mecs. June 22, 2019, accessed August 10, 2020 .
- ↑ Dr. Heinrich Zoepfl: antiquities of the German empire and law . Leipzig and Heidelberg, 1862 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
- ^ Roland in the facade of the town hall in Duisburg
- ↑ http://www.p-schoenfeld.de/PageHannover.html
literature
- Dietlinde Munzel-Everling : Rolande. The European Roland representations and Roland figures. Published by the state capital Magdeburg, city planning office, Janos Stekovics publishing house, Dößel 2005, ISBN 3-89923-104-X .
CD-ROM
- Dietlinde Munzel-Everling: Rolande of the world. Interactive CD-ROM with scientific tools. Dietlinde Munzel-Everling, Wiesbaden 2004, ISBN 3-00-013829-3 .
Web links
- Dietlinde Munzel-Everling: Rolande of the world
- Private site about Rolande in Germany