List of the longest swing bridges
Function of a swing bridge based on the example of the Government Bridge over the Mississippi in Davenport (rotatable truss with a length of 111 m)
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Most of the world's swing bridges over 100 meters long were built in the USA, including over the upper reaches of the Mississippi  and its tributary Missouri (more in the overall coordinates view OSM below) |
Swing bridges over 100 meters in length in Europe, mainly built in the coastal area over river mouths, ports or canals, three of them in Germany
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The list of the longest swing bridges includes the world's longest swing bridges , which can consist of one or two rotating bridge girders . The picking up and sorting takes place only according to the total length of these girders and not according to the total length of the bridges, which may have additional fixed bridge fields. No longer existing or replaced swing bridges are also listed (table rows with a dark gray background, even if the swing bridge is replaced in the existing structure).
With the development of long lattice girders, large swing bridges were increasingly used from the middle of the 19th century and were used especially for low railway bridges until the introduction of large bascule bridges and lift bridges that did not require a pillar in the middle . Since one or the other traffic flow has to be interrupted when traffic crosses, mostly high bridges were built later where this is no longer necessary, and most of the movable bridges were replaced. The longest swing bridge in the world is the El Ferdan Bridge (2001) over the Suez Canal in Egypt , at 640 meters, and the longest in Germany, at 159 meters, is the Kaiser Wilhelm Bridge (1907) over the connecting port in Wilhelmshaven ; However, the Rendsburg swing bridge (1913–1964) was five meters longer . The bridges mentioned were constructed with two rotatable bridge girders each, with which a greater clear width for shipping could be achieved. The longest swing bridge with only one rotating girder is 160 meters long and is part of the Fort Madison Toll Bridge (1927) over the Mississippi in the USA. At the end of the 19th century, most of the swing bridges in the world with lengths of over 100 meters were built on the important Mississippi transport route, many of which are still in operation today.
criteria
The total length of the rotatable bridge girders must be at least 100 meters rounded . The length of the girders should not be confused with the span (distance between two supports ; in the case of swivel bridges when closed, at the ends and in the middle of the rotating girders) or the pillar spacing or the clear width for shipping.
List of swing bridges
Due to the large number of swing bridges that have been built, the list cannot claim to be complete, although the good documentation of the particularly long constructions means that the list is almost completely complete. For the shorter bridges, only those were included for which at least the length and time of construction could be determined from literature or trustworthy internet sources; continuous completion is sought.
- Name: Name of the bridge according to the lemma in the German Wikipedia .
- bridged: Name of the river, harbor basin or bay that the bridge spans.
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Swing bridge (s):
- Length: Length of the swing bridge (s), whereby the information refers to the length of the rotatable bridge girders. With two rotatable beams, the length is given as 2 × single beams . If the lengths of previous structures are known, these are shown in brackets above.
- Execution: Design of the structure of the swing bridge.
- Bearing: Type of bearing of the swing bridge on which the bridge girder rotates (RK = roller and cage bearing, ML = center bearing, GL = sliding bearing).
- Total length: total length of the bridge between the abutments . If the exact length is not given in the sources, it will be marked as approximate as approx. (Partly determined with the distance measurement on Google Maps ).
- Completion: year of completion of the bridge. Planning and construction can start several years earlier. In the case of conversions and later new buildings, the year of the original construction or of the new building is given in brackets (sorting is based on the current or last building).
- Decommissioning / demolition: year of closure of the bridge (or swing bridge = DB) If the construction was later torn down or the swing bridge was replaced by a different design of a movable bridge and is therefore no longer available, this year is indicated and the line is highlighted in dark gray.
- Use / status: (Original) use as a railway bridge , road bridge or pedestrian bridge (partly as a combination of traffic routes).
- Tracks / lanes: number of tracks and lanes ; if the road was used previously, the lanes are given in brackets.
- Location: Closest city or region where the bridge was constructed, including state or state.
- Coordinates: coordinates of the bridge
- Country: The corresponding country in ISO-3166-ALPHA-3 code.
The information on bridges that do not yet have an article in the German-language Wikipedia is referenced by the individual records listed under Name . In addition, missing information in existing main articles is also referenced here.
Map with all coordinates of the section
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literature
- Wilhelm Dietz: Movable Bridges. W. Engelmann, Leipzig 1897, pp. 1-58 ( digitized version ).
- FB Maltby: The Mississippi River Bridges. In: Journal of the Western Society of Engineers. Vol. 8, No. 4, 1903, pp. 418-493 ( digitized ).
- FC Kunz: Design of Steel Bridges: Theory and Practice for the Use of Civil Engineers and Students. McGraw-Hill, 1915, pp. 309-311 ( digitized ).
- Otis Ellis Hovey: Movable Bridges. John Wiley & Sons, Volume 1, 1926, pp. 36-79 ( digitized ), pp. 183-215 ( digitized ) and Volume 2 ( digitized ).
- Wai-Fah Chen, Lian Duan: Handbook of International Bridge Engineering. CRC Press, 2013, ISBN 978-1-4398-1030-9 , pp. 1328-1330.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Michael J. Abrahams: Suez Canal Bridge at El Ferdan. 8th Biennial Symposium - Heavy Movable Structures, Inc., November 8-10, 2000.
- ^ VCU , Louis Berger & Associates: George P. Coleman Memorial Bridge, Spanning York River at US Route 17, Yorktown, York County, VA. Historic American Engineering Record, HAER No. VA-57, Philadelphia 1993.
- ↑ World's Only Hydraulically Operated Double-Leaf Concrete Swing Bridge. ( Memento August 8, 2018 on the Internet Archive ) Outstanding Civil Engineering Achievement Award Nomination 1991, City of Seattle.
- ↑ Kjeld Thomsen, Hilmer Jung Larsen: Odin's Bridge. IABSE Symposium Report, Vol. 97, No. 17, 2010, pp. 33-40.
- ↑ M. Aumaitre: Note relative au pont tournant sur la Penfeld pour la traverse de la route impériale n ° 12, dans la ville de Brest. In: Annales des ponts et chaussées. Volume 14, 1867, pp. 265-276.
- ^ The swing bridges over the Kaiser Wilhelm Canal. In: Journal of Construction. Volume 46, 1896, pp. 69-78 and Sheet 14-17 ; Friedrich Voss : The road bridge over the Kaiser Wilhelm Canal near Rendsburg. In: Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung. Volume 34, No. 49, 1914, pp. 361-364.
- ^ Robert W. Jackson, Clayton B. Fraser: Fort Madison Bridge, Spanning Mississippi River at US Highway 61, Fort Madison, Lee County, IA. Historic American Engineering Record, HAER IA-62, Washington, DC 1995.
- ↑ a b c Ralph Modjeski : The Bridging of the Columbia and Willamette Rivers Between Vancouver, Wash., And Portland, Org. In: Railroad Gazette. Vol. 45, No. 12, 1908, pp. 385-387.
- ^ Alfred M. Staehli: Burlington Northern Railroad Bridge (Willamette River Bridge 5.1). Historic American Engineering Record, HAER No. OR-7, San Francisco 1985.
- ^ Bridge Across the Missouri River at East Omaha, Nebraska. In: Railroad Gazette. Vol. 35, No. 4, 1903, pp. 62 f .; Missouri River Bridge of the Omaha Bridge & Terminal Railway Company. In: Railroad Gazette. Vol. 38, No. 8, 1905, pp. 156-158.
- ^ Alfred P. Boller: New York, Providence and Boston Railroad. Report to the General Manager, Upon the Construction of the Thames River Bridge and Approaches, at New London, Conn. New York, 1890; Frank Griggs, Jr .: Thames River Bridge: New London, Connecticut, 1889. STRUCTURE magazine, March 2019, accessed August 5, 2020.
- ↑ The Arthur Kill Bridge. In: Railroad Gazette. Vol. 20, June 22, 1888, pp. 399 f .; B&O - Arthur Kill Bridge. BridgeHunter.com, accessed August 7, 2020.
- ^ The Duluth-Superior Bridge. In: Railroad Gazette. Vol. 29, March 12, 1897, pp. 179-181; The Duluth Swing Bridge. In: Engineering Record. Vol. 36, No. 10, 1897, p. 202 f.
- ↑ Kedzie Avenue CN Railroad Bridge. HistoricBridges.org, accessed August 4, 2020.
- ↑ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration : United States Great Lakes Pilot: Lakes Ontario, Erie, Huron, Michigan and Superior and St. Lawrence River. National Ocean Survey, 1976, p. 576 ( limited preview in Google book search); BN - St. Louis Bay Double Swing Bridge. BridgeHunter.com, accessed August 7, 2020.
- ^ Howard L. Conard (ed.): Encyclopedia of the History of Missouri: The Railroads of St. Joseph. Southern History Company, 1901, p. 289; Bridge Spans Moved Endwise to Rest on New Piers. In: Engineering News-Record. Vol. 79, No. 17, 1917, pp. 780-782; Move Bridge Spans 136 Feet Endwise on Car Trucks. In: Engineering News-Record. Vol. 82, No. 11, 1919, pp. 530-532.
- ↑ Matthew Roth, Bruce Clouette, Victor Darnell: Connecticut: An Inventory of Historic Engineering and Industrial Sites. Society for Industrial Archeology, 1981, p. 152 f.
- ^ Clinton Railroad Bridge. HistoricBridges.org, accessed August 4, 2020.
- ↑ Julio Martínez Calzón, Pilar Hué Ibargüen, Carlos Polimón Olabarrieta, Felipe Tarquis Alfonso: Transformación del puente basculante en puente rotatorio por cambio de uso en el Puerto de Valencia. In: Hormigón y acero. Vol. 60, No. 252, 2009, pp. 7-35.
- ^ Otis Ellis Hovey: Movable Bridges. John Wiley & Sons, Volume 1, 1926, p. 41 ( digitized ); Coos Bay Railroad Bridge. HistoricBridges.org, accessed August 8, 2020.
- ↑ Mark Hufstetler: Chicago & Northwestern Railroad Bridge. National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, Butte, Montana 1998.
- ^ Highway Planning Survey: A History of Wisconsin Highway Development 1835-1945. State Highway Commission, 1947, p. 99 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ^ FB Maltby: The Mississippi River Bridges. In: Journal of the Western Society of Engineers. Vol. 8, No. 4, 1903, pp. 439-441; Rock Island Swing Bridge. John A. Weeks III, accessed August 5, 2020.
- ^ FB Maltby: The Mississippi River Bridges. In: Journal of the Western Society of Engineers. Vol. 8, No. 4, 1903, pp. 483-485; KCS - Louisiana Bridge. BridgeHunter.com, accessed August 16, 2020.
- ^ FB Maltby: The Mississippi River Bridges. In: Journal of the Western Society of Engineers. Vol. 8, No. 4, 1903, pp. 468-470; Crescent Bridge. John Marvig Railroad Bridge Photography; Crescent Railroad Bridge. John A. Weeks III, accessed on August 8, 2020.
- ^ Clayton B. Fraser: Nebraska City Bridge. Historic American Engineering Record, HAER No. NE-2, Denver, Colorado 1986, pp. 395-400.
- ↑ Oskara Kalpaka tilts. Liepājas SEZ, accessed August 6, 2020 (Lithuanian)
- ↑ Grassy Point Drawbridge. John Marvig Railroad Bridge Photography; Grassy Point Bridge. John A. Weeks III; Grassy Point Bridge. BridgeHunter.com, accessed on August 7, 2020.
- ^ Gary Link, Lola Bennett: Umpqua River Bridge, Spanning Umpqua River at Oregon Coast Highway, Reedsport, Douglas County, OR. Historic American Engineering Record, HAER OR-45, Washington, DC 1992.
- ↑ Geschutkamers Velserspoorbrug. Stelling van Amsterdam, accessed August 8, 2020 (Dutch).
- ↑ Jahn van der Male: Dertig jaar Hemspoortunnel. In: Rail Magazine (Rail Magazine Plus # 11). Vol. 310, December 2013, pp. 116–129.
- ^ The Rigolets Bridge. In: Railroad Gazette. Vol. 35, No. 20, 1903, pp. 340 f .; WH Courtenay: Work on Rigolets Bridge is Progressing Rapidly. In: Railway Age. Vol. 76, No. 16, 1924, pp. 777-780.
- ^ FB Maltby: The Mississippi River Bridges. In: Journal of the Western Society of Engineers. Vol. 8, No. 4, 1903, pp. 438 f .; CGW - St. Paul Swing Bridge. BridgeHunter.com, accessed August 23, 2020.
- ^ Martin Gay: Harlem River Bridges. In: Proceedings of the Municipal Engineers of the City of New York. 1904, pp. 67-82, here p. 72; Harlem River Bridge at 155th St., New York. In: Engineering News-Record. Vol. 27, No. 22, 1892, p. 526.
- ↑ Cầu Sông Hàn- niềm tự hào của người dân Đà Nẵng. Official website of Stadtà Nẵng City, accessed August 5, 2020 (Vietnamese).
- ^ Wai-Fah Chen, Lian Duan: Handbook of International Bridge Engineering. CRC Press, 2013, ISBN 978-1-4398-1030-9 , p. 1329; Rigolets Bridge. BridgeHunter.com, accessed August 5, 2020.
- ^ New Mississippi River Bridge, St. Paul Bridge & Terminal Co. In: Railway and Engineering Review. Vol. 50, January 29, 19010, p. 110 ( limited preview in Google book search); UP - Hoffman Swing Bridge. BridgeHunter.com, accessed August 16, 2020.
- ^ Lemont Railroad Bridge. HistoricBridges.org, accessed August 5, 2020.
- ↑ a b Lena L. Sweeten, Kimberly Starbuck: Sault Ste. Marie International Railroad Bridge, Spanning Soo Locks at St. Marys Falls Canal, Sault Ste. Marie, Chippewa County, MI. Historic American Engineering Record, HAER MI-324, Omaha 2002; International Railroad Bridge. HistoricBridges.org, accessed August 6, 2020.
- ↑ Frederick Douglass Memorial Bridge. BridgeHunter.com; New Frederick Douglass Memorial Bridge Project. District Department of Transportation, accessed August 15, 2020.
- ^ The Harlem River Four-Track Drawbridge. In: Railroad Gazette. Vol. 25, August 11, 1893, pp. 602-604; The Harlem River Drawbridge. In: Engineering Record. Vol. 33, No. 8, 1896, pp. 133 f .; The Harlem River Drawbridge and the Park Avenue Improvement in New York City. In: Scientific American. Vol. 74, February 8, 1896, p. 81 and 88
- ^ The New Westminster Bridge over the Fraser River, British Columbia. In: Engineering News-Record. Vol. 53, No. 24, 1905, pp. 611-614; New Westminster Railway Bridge. HistoricBridges.org, accessed August 5, 2020.
- ^ Emergency Swing Dam. HistoricBridges.org, accessed August 6, 2020.
- ^ The Burlington Canal Bridges. Hamilton Beach Community, Community bulletin board, accessed August 27, 2020.
- ↑ Frances Alexander, Charles Scott, John Nicolay, Carolyn Brucken: Santa Fe Railroad, Sanitary & Ship Canal Bridge, Spanning Sanitary & Ship Canal east of Harlem Avenue, Chicago, Cook County, IL. Historic American Engineering Record, HAER IL-39, Washington, DC 1992; Harlem Avenue Railroad Bridge. HistoricBridges.org, accessed August 5, 2020.
- ↑ M. Canat: La ligne de Miramas à l'Estaque. Le viaduc de Caronte. In: Annales des ponts et chaussées, Mémoires et documents relatifs à l'art des constructions et au service de l'ingénieur. Volume 13, January-February 1913, pp. 584-593.
- ↑ AER Little Current - Swing Bridge. ( Memento of February 5, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Algoma Eastern Railway History.
- ^ Conrad W. Hale, Dan Clement: Bridgeport Swing Span Bridge, Spanning Tennessee River, Bridgeport, Jackson County, AL. Historic American Engineering Record, HAER AL-8, Washington, DC 1983.
- ^ Double Deck Highway and Railway Bridge Rock Island, IL. In: Engineering News-Record. Vol. 36, No. 25, 1896, pp. 406-408.
- ^ FB Maltby: The Mississippi River Bridges. In: Journal of the Western Society of Engineers. Vol. 8, No. 4, 1903, pp. 458 f .; Sabula Rail Bridge. HistoricBridges.org, accessed August 5, 2020.
- ^ The Third Avenue Bridge over the Harlem River. In: Railroad Gazette. Vol. 25, September 15, 1893, pp. 684-686; The Third Ave. Drawbridge over the Harlem River: New York City. In: Engineering News-Record. Vol. 36, No. 19, 1896, p. 290; Third Avenue Bridge. nycroads.com, accessed August 3, 2020.
- ^ FB Maltby: The Mississippi River Bridges. In: Journal of the Western Society of Engineers. Vol. 8, No. 4, 1903, p. 472; The Keithsburg Bridge. In: Engineering News-Record. Vol. 14, December 19, 1885, pp. 393 f .; Iowa Central - Mississippi River Bridge. BridgeHunter.com, accessed August 23, 2020.
- ^ FB Maltby: The Mississippi River Bridges. In: Journal of the Western Society of Engineers. Vol. 8, No. 4, 1903, pp. 447 f .; C&NW Railroad Bridge. John A. Weeks III, accessed August 5, 2020.
- ^ FB Maltby: The Mississippi River Bridges. In: Journal of the Western Society of Engineers. Vol. 8, No. 4, 1903, pp. 456 f .; Canadian National Railroad Bridge. John A. Weeks III, accessed August 24, 2020.
- ^ Clayton B. Fraser: Nebraska City Bridge. Historic American Engineering Record, HAER No. NE-2, Denver, Colorado 1986, p. 408.
- ^ The American Bridge Company: La Crosse Bridge. In: English versus American Bridges. Railroad Gazette, New York 1876, p. 13 and 17 ( limited preview in Google Book Search); Bridge Building: La Crosse, Wis. In: Railroad Gazette. Vol. 33, No. 38, 1901, p. 658; CP - La Crescent Swing Bridge. BridgeHunter.com, accessed August 16, 2020.
- ^ Jibboom Street Bridge. HistoricBridges.org, accessed August 13, 2020.
- ^ FB Maltby: The Mississippi River Bridges. In: Journal of the Western Society of Engineers. Vol. 8, No. 4, 1903, pp. 472-474; Clayton B. Fraser: Nebraska City Bridge. Historic American Engineering Record, HAER No. NE-2, Denver, Colorado 1986, pp. 295-305.
- ^ The International Bridge, Buffalo. In: Engineering Record. Vol. 43, No. 24, 1901, pp. 566-568; International Railway Bridge. HistoricBridges.org, accessed August 4, 2020.
- ^ CSX Lower Maumee River Bridge. HistoricBridges.org; CSX - Lower Maumee River Swing Bridge. BridgeHunter.com, accessed on August 18, 2020.
- ↑ Willis Avenue Bridge. HistoricBridges.org; Willis Avenue Bridge. nycroads.com, accessed on August 5, 2020.
- ↑ Kit Oldham: Northern Pacific completes a railroad bridge across the mouth of the Snake River at Ainsworth on April 20, 1884. HistoryLink.org Essay 5033, 2003; BN - Snake River Bridge (Old). BridgeHunter.com, accessed August 28, 2020.
- ^ A Collision With a Swing Bridge at Toledo, O. In: Engineering News-Record. Vol. 50, No. 22, 1903, p. 474 f .; Wheeling and Lake Erie Railroad Bridge. HistoricBridges.org, accessed August 18, 2020.
- ^ Clayton B. Fraser: Nebraska City Bridge. Historic American Engineering Record, HAER No. NE-2, Denver, Colorado 1986, pp. 264-269.
- ↑ Great Ile Free Bridge. HistoricBridges.org, accessed August 13, 2020.
- ↑ Frances Alexander, John Nicolay: Chicago & Western Indiana Railroad Bridge, Spanning Sanitary & Ship Canal at Nerska Junction, Chicago, Cook County, IL. Historic American Engineering Record, HAER IL-79, Washington, DC 1992; Cicero Avenue Railroad Bridge. HistoricBridges.org, accessed August 5, 2020.
- ^ Oregon Slough Railroad Bridge. HistoricBridges.org, accessed August 8, 2020.
- ^ Raritan River Bridge; New York & Long Branch Railroad. In: Railroad Gazette. Vol. 44, No. 19, 1908, pp. 630-633.
- ^ Wai-Fah Chen, Lian Duan: Handbook of International Bridge Engineering. CRC Press, 2013, ISBN 978-1-4398-1030-9 , p. 1330.