March 1920

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Contents:
Mon Tuesday Wed do Fr. Sat So 1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 10 11 12 13 14th 15th 16 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st 22nd 23 24 25th 26th 27 28 29 30th 31

This article covers breaking news and events in March 1920 .

See also: Nekrolog

Daily events

Monday March 1st

Miklós Horthy

• Budapest / Kingdom of Hungary : The National Assembly elects Miklós Horthy as Reich Administrator (Hungarian kormányzó ) with 131 out of 141 votes as provisional head of state. After the official removal of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, he remains head of state of the “monarchy without a king”.
• United States : The United States Railroad Administration returns control of their businesses to the United States' railroad companies, which were under state administration during World War I.
• near Sambro off the coast of Canada : The transatlantic steamer of the British shipping company Leyland Line - Bohemian - put into service in 1900 hits a rock called Black Rock in a storm . 6 of the 180 people on board are killed in the sinking.

Tuesday March 2nd

• Istanbul / Ottoman Empire : Ali Rıza Pascha ends his work as Grand Vizier after 5 months and 7 days . Because of the events during his tenure - such as the ongoing occupation of Istanbul - he was given the nickname Düztaban (German: ominous).

Wednesday March 3rd

• Linz / Austria : The provincial capital Linz issues the first official emergency money of the federal state Upper Austria in order to remedy the shortage of change.
• France : Victor Kaluza , later German teacher, youth and non-fiction author, is released from French captivity, where he since July 20, 1916 as prisonnier de guerre nr. 3137 spent three years and 225 days. He starts his journey home to Upper Silesia.
• between Radmer and Hieflau / Austria : The Waldbahn Radmer goes into operation.

Thursday March 4th

USS Stewart 1930

• Philadelphia / United States : In the shipyard William Cramp & Sons the destroyer runs Clemson-class destroyer of the US Navy , USS Stewart (DD-224) , from the stack.

Friday March 5th

• Saint Petersburg / Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic : The as auxiliary librarian in a library in St. Petersburg working next to the history of Britain and France on 3  Alexander heart -Institut teaching Julia Danzas was arrested, but a day later the intercession of Maxim Gorky released .
• Seoul / Japanese Colony Korea : Chōsen Nippō ( Japanese. 朝鮮 日報 ), the oldest newspaper still published in South Korea, appears for the first time.

Saturday March 6th

The Priwall

• Rostock / Weimar Republic : The German four-masted barque Priwall . It was ordered in 1914 , was launched in 1917 at the Hamburg shipyard Blohm & Voss under construction number 234 and, due to the First World War , is only now being delivered to the F. Laeisz shipping company . This delayed construction phase also releases the shipping company from the obligation to deliver to the victorious powers as stipulated in the Versailles Treaty .
• Chelmsford / United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland : Marconi's 15 kW station has ended its test program on long wave 107 kHz, which has been running since February 23, in which news and music were broadcast twice a day.

Sunday March 7th

Tinz Castle; from 1920 to 1933 seat of the Tinz folk high school.

• Damascus / Kingdom of Syria : The Syrian Congress proclaims the independence of Greater Syria from Syria including Palestine under King Faisal . This led to mass demonstrations in all the cities of Palestine and, as a result, to the Nabi Musa riots .
• Volksstaat Reuss : The Heimvolkshochschule Tinz starts its work with the first half-year course. It is intended to give young women and men to whom access to the cultural and educational society had previously been denied the opportunity to acquire comprehensive knowledge in the political, historical, economic and psychological fields, connected with this is the requirement to encourage people to think independently .

Monday March 8th

Anti-Zionist demonstration at Damascus Gate , March 8, 1920

• Palestine / Kingdom of Syria : As on the previous day, there are mass demonstrations in all the cities of Palestine, whereupon shops are closed and numerous Jews are attacked. The attackers chant “Death to the Jews!” And “Palestine is our country, the Jews are our dogs!”, Which rhymes in Arabic. The situation then escalated into a pogrom against the Jewish population during the Nabi Musa riots in early April .

Tuesday March 9th

• Berlin / Weimar Republic : the Ufa-Palast am Zoo is the comedy Kohlhiesels daughters premiered. The silent film with Henny Porten in a double role is based on a farmer's swing of the same name.
• Munich / Weimar Republic: The spring stick is registered for a patent in the Reich Patent Office. The alternative name pogo stick is probably derived from the first letters of the surnames of the applicants for the patent Max Po hlig and Ernst Go ttschall.

Wednesday March 10th

• Weimar Republic : Two asteroids in the main belt are discovered. (929) Algunde by K. Reinmuth in Heidelberg and (930) Westphalia by Walter Baade in Hamburg-Bergedorf .
• Weimar Republic: During a personal conversation in the evening, Walther von Lüttwitz presented an ultimatum to President Friedrich Ebert . The next day, Reichswehr Minister Gustav Noske put him at disposition for insubordination to the civilian Reich authorities , whereupon Lüttwitz began the Kapp Putsch on March 13th .

Thursday March 11th

Manuel Estrada Cabrera

• Guatemala City / Guatemala : A demonstration organized by the Unionist Party ( Partido Unionista ) in favor of the restoration of the Central American Federation takes place. It comes to shots, which a protester falls victim to. This incident leads to a radicalization of the protests, which are now directed directly against President Manuel José Estrada Cabrera . The clashes escalated in the following days, leading to the president's suspension on April 8th and his resignation on April 14th .
• Diedelsheim / Weimar Republic : The local Jewish community is dissolved.

Friday March 12th

• Nikolajewsk am Amur / Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic : As part of the Siberian Intervention Forces , the Imperial Japanese Army starts a surprise attack on partisans under the command of Jakow Trjapizyn , who is in a loose alliance with the Bolshevik Red Army , thus starting to round up sympathizers of the White Movement and to execute. However, this fails and leads to the execution of the survivors of the garrison and the killing of numerous Japanese civilians. See also: Nikolaevsk incident .
• Berlin / Weimar Republic : The Erzberger-Helfferich trial ends with a guilty verdict against the former Minister of State Karl Helfferich . But the real loser is Reich Finance Minister Matthias Erzberger . The court ruled that Helfferich essentially did not disseminate any false allegations and also acted for " patriotic reasons". Erzberger, on the other hand, was accused of perjury in two cases and of mixing politics and business interests in seven cases. On the same day, Erzberger resigned as minister.
• Belgrade / Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes : The Beogradski loptački podsavez football association is founded in the course of the rise of football .
• Guanajuato / Mexico : The foundation stone for the Christ of El Cubilete , a Christ monument on the Cerro del Cubilete (2579 m), is laid. Eight years later, on January 30, 1928 , it was bombed and blown up during the civil war on the orders of Plutarco Elías Calles .
• Berlin / Weimar Republic: The premiere of the silent film - Grotesque Romeo and Juliet in the Snow takes place in the Mozart Hall and in the UT Kurfürstendamm . It was based on motifs from William Shakespeare's drama Romeo and Juliet .

Saturday March 13th

Kapp putschists on Potsdamer Platz in Berlin

• Weimar Republic : General Walther von Lüttwitz , with the support of Erich Ludendorff, starts a counter-revolutionary coup attempt against the Weimar Republic created after the November Revolution. The Kapp Putsch - in which the eponymous Wolfgang Kapp only plays a minor role with his “ National Association ” - brings the republican German Reich to the brink of civil war and forces the social democratic members of the Reich government to flee Berlin. After 100 hours - on March 17th - the attempted coup failed.

Sunday March 14th

• Duchy of Schleswig : After the vote in Zone I on February 10, 1920, the referendum in Zone II takes place on the state belonging to Schleswig . Middle Schleswig (today's northern southern Schleswig) with Flensburg , Niebüll , Föhr , Amrum and Sylt is involved . Of the 70,286 eligible voters, 51,742 (80.2%) vote for Germany and 12,800 (19.8%) for Denmark. Zone II remains closed with Germany.
• Penzberg / Weimar Republic : The Penzberg football club is founded.

Monday March 15th

" Memorial to the March Fallen " by Walter Gropius (1922)

• Weimar Republic : In the course of the Kapp Putsch and the Ruhr uprising , there were fights between workers (such as the Red Ruhr Army ) and Freikorps units, which resulted in many dead. At the same time, the largest general strike in German history began, in which over 12 million people took part in the following days.
• Finland : The Erich Cabinet , the sixth government cabinet in Finnish history , begins its term in office.

Tuesday March 16

List of United Artists shareholders on March 16, 1920

• Constantinople / Turkey : Great Britain occupies the city to prevent national activities. Leading party members of the "Group for the Salvation of the Fatherland" (Felâh-ı Vatan Grubu) are arrested. Thereupon Sultan Mehmed VI. the Ottoman Parliament . At the same time, Greek troops begin to penetrate deeper into the Anatolian interior. See also: Greco-Turkish War
• Poschiavo / Switzerland : At the Bernina Hospice , a snow blower train from the Bernina Railway , consisting of a steam snow blower , the two railcars BCe 4/4 1 and BCFe 4/4 23 and a mail car, was hit by an avalanche . The avalanche pulls the snow blower and the first railcar with it, while the second railcar overturns under the pressure of the snow masses. Eight railway employees took our lives. The snow thrower crew suffered fatal scalds from the hot steam escaping .
• Berlin / Weimar Republic : Dietrich Eckart introduces Adolf Hitler to some of the initiators of the Kapp-Lüttwitz Putsch . The coup collapses the following day .

Wednesday March 17th

• Weimar Republic : The Kapp Putsch fails. Wolfgang Kapp flees to Sweden and Walther von Lüttwitz is persuaded to give up after negotiations.

Thursday March 18th

Ogston Motor Company shares dated March 18, 1920

The monument at the intersection of Frankfurter Strasse and Kasseler Strasse

• Kingdom of Iceland : Constitution enters into force.
• Mena / United States : In today's issue, The Mena Star newspaper advertises the city as being "100% white". Two years later, a local group of the racially motivated Ku Klux Klan was founded for the first time .
• Rakamaz / Kingdom of Hungary : The eleven month Romanian occupation ends.
• Stuttgart / Weimar Republic : Due to the Kapp Putsch, the city's art building becomes the meeting place for the National Assembly (see Stuttgart as a refuge for the Reich government during the Kapp Putsch )
• Waren / Weimar Republic: After Rittmeister Stephan von le Fort, with the help of a number of Freikorps fighters from the Baltic States, had declared a state of siege the day before in the course of the Kapp Putsch, he and his cousin, Reichswehr Lieutenant Peter Alexander von le Fort, bombard the city with a cannon and three machine guns, leaving 11 seriously injured and five dead, including a seventeen-year-old girl. The bullet hole of a grenade in memory of the bombardment can still be seen today on the south side of the Waren town hall , and Uwe Johnson processes this event in his novel Anniversaries .
• Eisenach // Weimar Republic: An armed squad of infantry and criminal police from the Eisenach garrison attacked passers-by and hurrying workers with hand grenades and rifle fire after a commotion. In addition to a few seriously injured people, the five Eisenach citizens with fatal injuries remain on the street, while the rest of the observers of the action flee in panic into the surrounding houses and streets. Decades later, on March 22, 1969 , the memorial for those who died in March was inaugurated in honor of the dead .

Friday March 19th

Hugo Wendorff (around 1912)

• Washington, DC / United States : The Republican majority in the 66th Congress refuses to ratify the Versailles Peace Treaty and the League of Nations Statute .
• Algeria : François Gonnessiat discovered (931) Whittemora , an asteroid of the main belt
• Schwerin / Free State of Mecklenburg-Schwerin : The state parliament elects Dr. Hugo Wendorff as prime minister and on the same day the other ministers of state in the Wendorff IV cabinet . Almost four months later - on July 14, 1920 - the cabinet resigned.
• Gelsenkirchen / Weimar Republic : The locksmith and metal foundry Johann Seppelfricke - the first company of the Seppelfricke family - is founded.

Saturday 20th March

• Essen / Weimar Republic : In the course of the Ruhr uprising , the Central Council of Workers' Councils is formed , which take over power in parts of the Ruhr area.
• Denmark : The Liebe government is formed by Otto Liebe as the managing government and replaces the second government Zahle from Det Radikal Venstre .
• Weimar Republic: After the Kapp Putsch on March 13, 1920 , the Reich government, trade unions and political parties reached an agreement to form a second socialization commission .

Sunday March 21st

Memorial stone for Futran on Futranplatz, in Berlin-Köpenick

• Berlin / Weimar Republic : Alexander Futran , a local politician of the USPD , is murdered by members of the voluntary corps.
• Kingdom of Hungary: The Kingdom of Hungary is re-established. It will continue to exist under Reichsverweser Horthy until December 21, 1944 .
• Chicago / United States : The first Sunday strip of the Barney Google comic strip , drawn by Billy DeBeck , appears. The eponymous title character - a small man with big eyes - likes to escape his wife and everyday domestic life in order to hang around as a spectator on various sports facilities, especially on the racecourse.

Monday March 22nd

Farewell parade of the Baltic State Army for Lieutenant Colonel Alexander on March 22, 1920

• Free City of Gdansk : The session to discuss the Constitution of the Free City of Gdansk ends. From now on the draft will be voted on.
• Baabda / Arab Kingdom of Syria : The Lebanese nationalists convince a council of Christian people to proclaim Lebanon's independence.
• Washington / United States : Washington ratifies the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution . After that, the ratification process is delayed for months. It was not until August 18, 1920 , that Tennessee ratified amendments by a narrow majority, making it law throughout the United States.

Tuesday March 23rd

The Albertic on a postcard

• Bremen / Weimar Republic : The Albertic passenger ship . It had been included in the reparations payments in 1919 and was therefore immediately sold to the White Star Line .
• Berlin / Weimar Republic: Kurt von Priesdorff is appointed police chief and privy councilor (commander) and shortly thereafter inspector of the Berlin security police. As a result of the failed Kapp Putsch on March 17, officers hostile to the republic are removed from the service of the Berlin Security Police (Sipo) and replaced by those who are loyal to the government.
• Frankfurt am Main The Olea Mineralölwerke AG is founded, it takes over the German lubricant GmbH . In 1967 it was renamed Gasolin .

Wednesday March 24th

• Bielefeld / Weimar Republic : In the course of the war against the Ruhr there is a conference in which the executive councils of the insurgents, city administrations, the regional presidents of Düsseldorf , Münster and Arnsberg , the trade unions and the political parties from the center to the KPD take part. An agreement - the Bielefeld Agreement - is made between the emissaries of the Red Ruhr Army and representatives of the Reich government, but only a few days later it fails.
• Berlin / Weimar Republic: After the collapse of the Kapp Putsch , the SPD politician Paul Hirsch resigns from his post as Prime Minister of the Free State of Prussia . But he remains a member of the Prussian state parliament .
• Munich / Weimar Republic: A regulation puts the Bayerische Staatsbank on a new legal basis.

Thursday March 25th

Memorial plaque in Marburg

A Black and Tan in Dublin, February 1921

• Thuringia / Weimar Republic : On the road from Mechterstädt to Gotha , members of the “Marburg Student Corps” murder 15 workers. The incident is known as the Mechterstädt murders and, according to media and political reactions, leads indirectly to alienation between large parts of the student body , the republic and the workforce .
• Ireland / United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland : The first members of the Black and Tans formed in January 1920 arrive on the island. It is one of two paramilitary groups working to suppress and combat Sinn Féin and the Irish Republican Army (IRA).

Friday March 26th

Ruins in Shusha, March 1920

• Weimar Republic : The second Reich government , the Bauer cabinet , is forced to resign as a result of the Kapp Putsch and replaced by the Müller I cabinet the day after .
• Shusha / Nagorno-Karabakh : The Shusha pogrom that has been taking place for four days - since March 22nd - ends. In the course of the Armenian-Azerbaijani War, the Armenian residents of Shusha were attacked and killed. The city's Armenian quarters are completely destroyed. The data on the number of fatalities vary widely and are between 500 and 20,000 or 30,000.
• Vienna / Austria-Hungary : The comedy in verse in an act of Arthur Schnitzler The sisters or Casanova in Spa is in the Burg Theater premiered.

Saturday March 27th

• Weimar Republic : The Müller I cabinet replaces the Bauer cabinet as the Reich government after it had been forced to resign the day before as a result of the Kapp Putsch .
• Paris / France : The assemblage of the French artist Francis Picabia , Natures Mortes: Portrait de Cézanne, Portrait de Renoir, Portrait de Rembrandt , will be made public for the first time in the Maison de l'Oeuvre in Paris as part of a ceremony on the occasion of the publication of a Dada manifesto Audience shown.
• Prussia / Weimar Republic: The Prussian Ministry of the Interior publishes a decree by which all symbols of the monarchy - including images of the emperors - are to be removed from public space.

Sunday March 28th

Mary Pickford, 1913

• United States : Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks Sr. marry after three years of relationship without their mutual friend Charlie Chaplin , who had spoken out against their marriage. Together they run the Pickfair estate , a gift from Douglas to Mary, which is considered the stronghold of Hollywood celebrities. Pickford had quickly divorced two and a half weeks earlier - on March 2nd .

Monday March 29th

Capital Gains Tax Act of March 29, 1920

• London / Great Britain : Croydon Aerodrome Airport opens.
• Wilhelmsburg / Austria : In a major fire, 34 residential buildings and 10 outbuildings are cremated, and the old town hall also falls victim to the flames.
• Prussia / Weimar Republic : The Braun I cabinet replaces the Hirsch cabinet as the Prussian government .

Tuesday March 30th

Flag of Czechoslovakia, 1920 to 1992

• Czechoslovakia : A blue isosceles triangle for Slovakia is added to the left edge of the flag of Czechoslovakia . The blue comes from the Slovak flag . According to other sources, the blue color is taken from the coat of arms of Moravia .
• Moscow / Soviet Russia : The Peace of Dorpat comes into force with the exchange of the instruments of ratification of the peace treaty. This ends the Estonian War of Freedom and Soviet Russia de jure recognizes the Republic of Estonia as an independent state. Soviet Russia declares that it will forever renounce all rights it has ever had to Estonia. The border line is favorable for Estonia: it receives strategically important areas on the east bank of the Narva River and the area around the city of Pechory .

Wednesday March 31st

• Berlin / Weimar Republic : The heraldry responsible for looking after all matters relating to the nobility (questions of nobility, rank and coat of arms ) is dissolved and its files are handed over to the Secret State Archives in Berlin-Dahlem .
• United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland : The HMS Inflexible - after being transferred to the reserve fleet in 1919 - is decommissioned and sold for cannibalization in December 1922 .
• Tulsa / United States : A report by the Tulsa Tribune that the African-American delivery boy Dick Rowland tried to rape the 17-year-old white elevator operator Sarah Page sparked the race riot in Tulsa . This event is one of the most devastating race riots in American history, in which around 300 people were killed by June 1, 1921 and which led to the extensive destruction of the Greenwood neighborhood .

Web links

Commons : March 1920  - Collection of Pictures, Videos and Audio Files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ 회사 연혁 ( Memento from July 11, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Chosun Ilbo (Korean)
2. ↑ Photo: Viermastbark Priwall ( Memento of the original from June 15, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
3. ^ Börsen-Halle / from 1905: Hamburg Correspondent and new Hamburg stock exchange hall: Laeisz order. Retrieved December 16, 2018 . 
4. ^ Gijsbert Hinnen: International radio and television chronicle. In: rfcb.ch. Archived from the original on December 27, 2016 ; Retrieved February 8, 2008 . 
5. ↑ Tom Segev : Once upon a time there was a Palestine. Jews and Arabs before the founding of the state of Israel , p. 143.
6. ↑ DE352704A - Spring wagtail , depatisnet.dpma.de
7. ↑ Harold J. Gordon Jr .: The Reichswehr and the Weimar Republic. Verlag für Wehrwesen Bernard & Graefe, Frankfurt am Main 1959, pp. 113–114.
8. ^ Paloma Rives: Breve historia del monumento a Cristo Rey en el cerro del Cubilete. Tradición Católica, March 28, 2012.
9. ^ Deutsches Historisches Museum : General strike 1920 , queried on March 15, 2009
10. ^ Gian Brüngger: 100-year-old mountaineer . History of the first generation of railcars BCe 4/4 and BCFe 4/4 of the Bernina Railway, series: Loki-Spezial. tape 30 . Lokpress, Zurich 2008, ISBN 978-3-9523386-1-2 , p. 112-114 .
11. ↑ Thomas Friedrich: The abused capital. Hitler and Berlin , Berlin 2007, pp. 39–44.
12. ^ Constitution of the Kingdom of Iceland of
    March 18, 1920
13. ↑ Renate Krüger: Mecklenburg . Ways of a country (PDF; 129 kB).
14. ↑ Marirose Arendale: Tennessee and women's rights , In: Tennessee Historical Quarterly, Volume 39, pp. 62-78. Retrieved January 3, 2019
15. ↑ Hsi-huey Liang: The Berlin Police in the Weimar Republic . Walter de Gruyter, 1977, ISBN 3-11-006520-7 ; Pp. 54–59 and 99.
16. ↑ Johannes Buder: The Reorganization of the Prussian Police, 1918-1923 . Peter Lang Verlag, 1986, ISBN 3-8204-9215-1 ; P. 206.
17. ^ The Black and Tans on bbc.co., accessed February 24, 2014.
18. ↑ Thomas de Waal. Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan through Peace and War. ISBN 0-8147-1944-9
19. ^ Richard G. Hovannisian. The Republic of Armenia, Vol. III: From London to Sèvres, February – August 1920
20. ↑ Lords Hansard, text for July 1, 1997 (170701-19) [1]
21. ↑ Игорь Бабанов, Константин Воеводский: Карабахский кризис, Санкт-Петербург, 1992
22. ^ Baker, George (2007): The Artwork Caught by the Tail, p. 101.
23. ↑ Prussian and Hessian Railway Directorate in Mainz (ed.): Official Gazette of the Prussian and Hessian Railway Directorate in Mainz from June 26, 1920, No. 39. Announcement No. 581, p. 331.
24. ↑ Joe Hembus: Charlie Chaplin. His films, his life. Heyne, Munich 1989, ISBN 3-453-86033-0 .
25. ^ Observer's Book of Flaggs . IO Evans, Frederick Warne and Co. Ltd., London, 1959