Systematics of snails

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The current taxonomy of snails is the revision by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) . The Bouchet & Rocroi system is recognized as a reference system.

The taxonomy by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) is a step further in the direction of phylogenetic taxonomies. Phylogenetic taxonomies are those that do not put any morphological criteria in the foreground for classification or deduce origins from morphological proximity ( form taxa ), but are based on the statistical analysis of molecular genetic or fine morphological characteristics.

Furthermore, various taxa are still unnamed. For animal groups with unnamed taxa, either no monophyly could be detected in genetic tests , or the paraphyly of this group or one of its subgroups is already known. They therefore only have formal names such as group or informal group , since their permanent establishment is not yet justified by an explicit designation.

The main categories: clades, groups and informal groups

A cladogram

An evolutionary tree according to Bouche & Rocroi (2005).



† Paleozoic molluscs with an uncertain position in systematics

  
† Basal taxa of the Gastropoda

  

  

  

 Neritimorpha 

† Paleozoic Neritimorpha with uncertain position in systematics

  

  

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  Caenogastropoda  

Caenogastropoda with uncertain position in systematics

  

  

  Hypsogastropoda  


  

  

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 Heterobranchia 


  Opisthobranchia  


  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  Nudipleura  


  Nudibranchia  


  Dexiarchia  


  Cladobranchia  


  

  

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 Pulmonates 


  Eupulmonata  


  Stylommatophora  


  

  

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A short list of groups and informal groups

Taxonomy

The following is a detailed list. Only families and superfamilies are indented . The clades are not indented. But their hierarchical rank is reflected in the choice of a larger font.

Paleozoic molluscs with an undetermined position in the system

Exist only as fossils.

Uncertain position: assignment to either Gastropoda or Monoplacophora has not yet been made

Unsafe position of animals with isostrophic twisted shells: Gastropoda or Monoplacophora?

Unsafe position of animals with anisostrophic twisted shells: gastropoda?

Basal taxa whose assignment to the Gastropoda is certain

Exist only as fossils.

Klade Patellogastropoda

Klade Vetigastropoda

Klade Cocculiniformia

Clade Neritimorpha (= Neritopsina)

Contains the Palaeozoic Neritomorpha with unsecured position and the clades Cyrtoneritimorpha and Cycloneritimorpha

clade Cyrtoneritimorpha

Clade Cycloneritimorpha

Klade Caenogastropoda

Contains the Caenogastropoda, the position of which has not yet been determined: the informal group Architaenioglossa and the clades Sorbeoconcha, Hypsogastropoda.

Informal group Architaenioglossa

Clade Sorbeoconcha

Klade Hypsogastropoda

Contains the clades Littorinimorpha , Neogastropoda and the informal group Ptenoglossa .

Clade Littorinimorpha

Informal group Ptenoglossa

Klade Neogastropoda

Clade heterobranchia

Contains the informal groups Heterobranchia, Opisthobranchia, and Pulmonata.

Informal group " Lower Heterobranchia " (= Allogastropoda )

Informal group Opisthobranchia

Contains the clades Cephalaspidea, Thecosomata, Gymnosomata, Aplysiomorpha, Sacoglossa, Umbraculida, Nudipleura and the groups Acochlidiacea and Cylindrobullida.

Clade Cephalaspidea

Clade Thecosomata

Clade gymnosomata

Clade Aplysiomorpha (= Anaspidea )

Acochlidiacea group

Clade Sacoglossa

Unterklade Oxynoacea

Subclade Placobranchacea

Cylindrobullida group

Klade Umbraculida

Klade Nudipleura

Subclade Pleurobranchomorpha

Subclade Nudibranchia

Contains the clades Euctinidiacea and Dexiarchia.

Clade Euctenidiacea (= Holohepatica )

Contains the subclades Gnathodoridacea and Doridacea.

Lower load Gnathodoridacea
Unterklade Doridacea
Clade Dexiarchia (= Actenidiacea )

Contains the clades Pseudoeuctenidiacea and Cladobranchia.

Clade Pseudoeuctenidiacea (= Doridoxida)
Clade Cladobranchia (= Cladohepatica)

Contains the subclades Euarminida, Dendronotida and Aeolidida.

Unterklade Euarminida
Subclade Dendronotida
Unterklade Aeolidida

Informal group Pulmonata

Contains the informal group Basommatophora and the clade Eupulmonata.

Informal group Basommatophora

Contains the clade Hygrophila

Clade Hygrophila

clade Eupulmonata

Contains the clades Systellommatophora and Stylommatophora.

Klade Systellommatophora (= Gymnomorpha )
Klade Stylommatophora

Contains the subclades Elasmognatha, Orthurethra, and the informal group Sigmurethra.

Unterklade Elasmognatha
Orthurethra subclade
Informal group Sigmurethra

The clade Sigmurethra contains two superfamilies that do not belong to the clade Limacoids.

Changes since 2005

Taxonomy changes since edition (2005)

Ongoing research and proposals submitted

  • After phylogenetic studies based on sequence analysis of genomes from mitochondria, Grande et al. (2008) to the conclusion that the pulmonary snails are polyphyletic, the Euthyneura are not monophyletic, since in the tests the Pyramidelloidea were part of the Euthyneura; the Opisthobranchia are not monophyletic, since Siphonaria pectinata should not belong to the group of the Opisthobranchia.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bouchet, P. & Rocroi, J.-P. (Ed.); Frýda, J., Hausdorf, B., Ponder, WF, Valdés, Á. & Warén, A .: "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families" ; Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology , 47 (1-2); 2005; ConchBooks: Hackenheim, Germany; 397 pp; ISBN 3-925919-72-4 ; ISSN  0076-2997 ; http://www.vliz.be/Vmdcdata/imis2/ref.php?refid=78278
  2. ↑ Bouchet, P. & Rocroi, J.-P .: Part 2. Working classification of the Gastropoda ; In: Malacologia ; Volume 47, pp. 239-283, Ann Arbor 2005; ISSN  0076-2997
  3. ↑ Bouchet, P. & Rocroi, J.-P. (Eds.): Frýda, J., Hausdorf, B., Ponder, WF, Valdés, Á. & Warén, A .: Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families ; In: Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology Volume 47, Nos. 1-2; ConchBooks, Hackenheim 2005; ISBN 3-925919-72-4 , ISSN  0076-2997 ; http://www.vliz.be/Vmdcdata/imis2/ref.php?refid=78278
  4. ↑ Poppe, GT & Tagoro, SP: February 23, 2006; The New Classification of Gastropods according to Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 ; PDF ( Memento of the original from September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.journal-malaco.fr
  5. ↑ a b P. Bouchet, YI Kantor, A. Sysoev & N. Puillandre: A new operational classification of the Conoidea. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 77, pp. 273–308, 2011 ( online )
  6. ↑ a b Kaim, A., Jenkins, RG & Warén, A .: 2008; "Provannid and provannid-like gastropods from Late Cretaceous cold seeps of Hokkaido (Japan) and the fossil record of the Provannidae (Gastropoda: Abyssochrysoidea)" ; Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 154 : 421-436.
  7. ↑ Kiel, S., Campbell, KA, Elder, WP, & Little, CTS: 2008; "Jurassic and Cretaceous gastropods from hydrocarbon seeps in forearc basin and accretionary prism settings, California" ; Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 53 (4): 679-703; PDF
  8. ↑ Geiger, DL: May 8, 2009; "A new species of Depressizona and the family rank of Depressizonidae" ; Zootaxa, 2059 : 57-59; Abstract (PDF; 15 kB), PDF .
  9. ↑ Williams, ST & Ozawa, T .: 04/2006; "Molecular phylogeny suggests polyphyly of both the turban shells (family Turbinidae) and the superfamily Trochoidea (Mollusca: Vetigastropoda)" ; Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 39 (1): 33-51; doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2005.12.017
  10. ↑ Williams, ST, Karube, S. & Ozawa, T .: 09/2008; "Molecular systematics of Vetigastropoda: Trochidae, Turbinidae and Trochoidea redefined" ; Zoologica Scripta 37 (5): 483-506; doi : 10.1111 / j.1463-6409.2008.00341.x
  11. ↑ N. Puillandre, Yu. I. Kantor, A. Sysoev, A. Couloux, C. Meyer, T. Rawlings, JA Todd & Philippe Bouchet: The dragon tamed? A molecular phylogeny of the Conoidea (Gastropoda). Journal of Molluscan Studies, 77, 3, pp. 259–272, 2011 ( PDF )
  12. ↑ Grande, C., Templado, J. & Zardoya, R .: 2008; "Evolution of gastropod mitochondrial genome arrangements" ; BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8 : 61; doi : 10.1186 / 1471-2148-8-61

literature

  • Klussmann-Kolb, A. , Dinapoli, A., Kuhn, K., Streit, B. & Albrecht, C .: February 25, 2008; "From sea to land and beyond - New insights into the evolution of euthyneuran Gastropoda (Mollusca)" ; BMC Evolutionary Biology; 8 : 57; 2008; doi : 10.1186 / 1471-2148-8-57
  • Cunha, RL, Grande, C. & Zardoya, R .: 23 Aug 2009; "Neogastropod phylogenetic relationships based on entire mitochondrial genomes" ; BMC Evolutionary Biology; 9 : 210; 2009; doi : 10.1186 / 1471-2148-9-210
  • P. Bouchet, YI Kantor, A. Sysoev & N. Puillandre: A new operational classification of the Conoidea. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 77, pp. 273–308, 2011 ( online )