History of the city of Aue
The history of the city of Aue begins even before it was first mentioned in a document, but traces of prehistory and early history are rare. Aue developed from the small monastery cell founded in 1173 on the Zwickauer Mulde . A first mention of the place as Awe , which goes back to the fertile meadows (floodplains) in the valley of the confluence of the Mulde and the Schwarzwassers , can only be proven in 1286. The inhabitants remained forest farmers for centuries, only with the discovery, mining and further processing of iron, and later also of tin and cobalt ores, there was an economic boom. The number of inhabitants of the place remained relatively constant for several centuries despite the swarming armies, hunger, diseases and natural disasters. It was not until around 1840 that Aue developed into an important industrial city with a focus on mechanical engineering, textile and sheet metal processing through the construction of railway lines on which goods and people could be transported, the incorporation of surrounding settlements and the establishment of numerous factories. Between 1946 and 1980, Aue experienced yet another development boost from uranium ore mining , which was discontinued in 1991. Some of the earlier large enterprises were successfully transferred to the market economy. In addition, the city administration relies on tourism as an economic factor. On January 1, 2019, the city of Aue gave up its independence and merged with Bad Schlema to form the major district town of Aue-Bad Schlema .
From the monastery to the market town - first settlement from 1173 to the 15th century
There are no finds that suggest a very early settlement of the fertile valley. In contrast, a stone ax found in 1919 while building a road in the Auer Valley, along with a pickaxe and ceramic shards, serve as evidence that people roamed the area on their way to the Bohemian Basin in the Neolithic Age .
In an imperial deed dated May 7, 1173, the foundation of the Augustinian Canons - Provost cell on the Mulde, i.e. a monastery, is confirmed as follows:
“ At the instigation of Margrave Otto, Emperor Friedrich established the Celle an der Mulde monastery and endowed it with imperial goods, which Margrave Otto von Meißen and Meinher von Werben resigned for this purpose. "
This date is considered to be the origin of the later city of Aue, since cell was incorporated at the end of the 19th century. It is the reference point for anniversaries. The monastery, laid out on an area of 60 Hufen (about 20 hectares), was dedicated to St. Andrew and the Holy Trinity , the Church of the Virgin Mary . It was subordinate to the Monastery of St. Moritz to Naumburg and had as Schirmvögte the rule on Wildenfels . Peasants from Upper Franconia and the Upper Palatinate settled in the vicinity of the monastery .
The name Awe , which is derived from the name for the meadow at the confluence of the Schwarzwasser and Zwickauer Mulde , was first mentioned in 1286 in the Naumburg diocese register. The fact that Bertoldus prepositus de Owa , who is mentioned in a document in 1219 as a witness in connection with a monastery foundation, was actually provost of the Zell monastery and that the meadow there is meant is often quoted, but is not certain. Probably was Aue therefore only 1460/62 in Terminierbuch of Zwickau Franciscan mentioned for the first time.
The landscape of the Au valley basin belonged to the Schwarzenberg rule until the 13th century , then it came to the imperial counts of Stollberg-Hohnstein, who were subordinate to the Wettin margraves. Elector Johann Friedrich I bought this imperial county in the 16th century , so that Aue belonged to the electorate until 1691. Then the Upper Erzgebirge Creyß-Ambt Schwarzenberg was formed, to which Aue was administratively subordinate for many years.
Aue developed slowly as a small forest farming village and as a market town in the first three centuries, as it was on the trade routes between Bohemia and the North German Hanseatic League . Until the establishment of the mining industry, it was of no great economic importance. There was no city fortification. The population was around 350 people.
From the end of the Middle Ages to the middle of the 17th century
Start of mining
In the entire Ore Mountains, silver and tin barley were washed from the rivers and used as early as the 12th century . Ores containing metal were also broken out and processed from the rocky mountain slopes. Initially, no ores were found in the densely wooded area around Aue, so that it was only accidental tin discoveries in 1479 that triggered an intensive search for further ores in the rubble of streams and rivers or in the rock of the mountains. After the discovery of some minable iron ore veins on the slopes of the Brünlasberg, the responsible sovereign granted the right to use the mine . Now the first iron ore mines or tunnels with the names Rauhs Glück und Trust in God were built . The mine owners built stamping works , smelters and hammer mills for further processing . The professions of squire or miner, hammer-maker, marquee and smelter developed. In 1526 the Auer Hammer , later ironworks and district of Aue, was first mentioned in a document. The pig iron obtained from the iron ores was mainly processed into sheet metal in the hammer mills. The tinplate of the Erzgebirge was created through the finishing with tin , which became an important economic asset. The sheet metal manufacturers joined forces to form the Erzgebirge sheet metal company in order to be able to sell even more successfully. Water mills were built to drive the hammer mills, and at the same time the water flow could be regulated by creating backwater basins. Between 1556 and 1559 the raft ditch was dug above Aue, on which the logs felled on the mountain slopes and required for the mining and smelting works could be transported inexpensively. The diverted water from the trench was also used to power the water arts and mills. The raft ditch begins on the Mulde near Bockau , surrounds Aue for 15.3 kilometers on the slope and ends at Oberschlema , whereby the civil engineers bridged valley cuts in some places with artificial channels that could also be used to flood the ditch. The raft ditch has been preserved as a technical monument to this day. - The procurement and processing of pit wood as well as charcoal for the smelters offered another field of activity; Forest workers, charcoal burners and pitch-boilers became new professions. New workers came from the regions of Bohemia and Bavaria, who also brought their culture, construction methods and religious traditions with them. In addition to farmers, there were now wage workers in ore mining. With the new opportunities to earn a living, the village of Aue and the surrounding areas began to boom.
New rule, wars and diseases
In 1485 the rulership of the area around Aue changed because as a result of the division of Leipzig, the Wettins divided their area between the brothers Ernst and Albert into the Ernestine Saxony and the Albertine Saxony . From then on Aue belonged to the Albertine area in the Duchy of Saxony, which became an electorate in the 16th century and later the Kingdom of Saxony.
(see also Wettin lines and principalities 1485–1918 )
As a result of the Reformation in the 16th century, the Zell monastery was initially devastated and dissolved as a monastery, but the church was preserved. The remaining buildings became a manor called Gut Klösterlein. The village of Zell was created from the property of the farmers working for the monastery, who had established their farms on the Zeller Berg.
In the course of the first church visits in Saxony after the beginning of the Reformation, Aue was also visited between January 12 and February 1, 1529. In the report of the visitors, which is in the main state archive in Dresden, it is described that there was a church building in Aue and that three pastors performed their duties. The neighboring villages of Bockau and Lauter also belonged to the church of Aue. Although they had their own churches, their residents were looked after by the Au clerics.
A town clerk, who had his office in an inn on the Altmarkt, looked after the affairs of the few residents. From 1592 this house received the status of a town hall, for which the elector donated a sum of money to equip it with a clock tower. In 1581 Aue built a hospital , an aid facility for pilgrims, the sick and the poor. Armed conflicts in various countries in this area of the Ore Mountains ( Lützow Freikorps , Black Squad ) led to setbacks in terms of both the number of inhabitants and economic strength. Illnesses and famines also played their part. The church chronicles tell of plague waves in the years 1599, 1607, 1624-1627 and 1633, which also affected Aue. In the first two years mentioned, “a large number of residents fell victim to the disease”. In 1633 62 people died of the plague in Aue and 108 and Lauter in the villages of Bockau, which belonged to the same parish. In addition, in 1624 and 1627 the Auer suffered from contagious diseases such as dysentery and leafy leaves .
City charter around 1630 and Thirty Years War
In 1627, Elector Johann Georg I granted Aue market rights for a Bartholomew's fair (August 27) on today's Altmarkt, and in 1632 for a second, the Katharinenmarkt (November 25) on Kirchplatz (today's Neumarkt). With the granting of market rights, Aue actually became a city and has been referred to as a city in documents and in the coat of arms since 1635. The draftsman Wilhelm Dilich , who was commissioned by the Elector of Saxony, recorded Aue as a town in 1629.
During the Thirty Years' War, mercenaries of the Wallenstein Army roamed the Western Ore Mountains. At the beginning of August 1633, General Holk's soldiers burned down the Auer town hall with all the archive material. In a contemporary report by the chronicler Christian Lehmann it says:
“ That very day the Croatians fled through the mountains into all corners, plundered from… Lauter, Aue, Lößnitz. All the churches were thrown up and plundered, the women desecrated, the men cycled, the houses burned in, the beds poured out and everything destroyed that it cannot be described cruelly enough with a pen. "
The destruction of the Auer hammer was prevented by the forges there. After the city was ravaged again by the imperial troops, everything "... except for three small houses" was destroyed. Reliable documents about the date of the granting of town charter have therefore been preserved, as has the court seal, which had to be replaced by a new one. Although a peace treaty existed as early as 1635, Swedish soldiers continued to roam the Western Ore Mountains until 1639 and plundered the city of Aue twice every two years.
The entrepreneur Veit Hans Schnorr founded the Niederpfannenstiel blue paint factory in 1635 , in which mainly cobalt and bismuth were extracted in large furnaces and then processed into paints after a grinding process. With the addition of fine-grain cobalt, permanent colors for ceramic and later porcelain products could be produced. The cobalt blue of the Ore Mountains therefore became a popular item for the production of Delft tiles and Venetian glasses. Because it could also be used for dyeing yarn, the processing of textiles whose raw materials came from Hamburg began in the Auer Valley. Schnorr was captured by roaming Russian soldiers in 1648 and taken to the Urals as a mining expert. The Ore Mountains cobalt colors of this plant and those of two other blue color plants in Schlema and Albernau ensured the product a dominant position on the world market until around 1900.
Mid 17th century to early 19th century
Reconstruction and setbacks
In the Seven Years' War , all areas of rule were included in the war through the alliances between Saxony and other countries. For military service, soldiers also had to be brought in from Aue and materials, especially from the iron hammer works, had to be delivered. Numerous civilians lost their lives in the fighting on their own territory, and houses and churches were looted or burned . It was only towards the end of the 17th century that Aue had recovered from the consequences of the fighting and looting. The destroyed houses had been replaced by new buildings, and the remaining residents were able to go about their daily lives as farmers, craftsmen and hammer workers. The first craftsmen formed guilds in Aue .
When the forester Rachalß had a beer cellar cut out of the rock on Heidelsberg in 1661 , rich tin ore deposits were discovered. At this site, a tinstone-bearing hermaphrodite dike , he had the Tiefen Jägerstollen built to mine the ore. The tin ore deposits from this mine lasted until the beginning of the 19th century. By 1663 the targeted search for further tin deposits had led to the construction of 25 tunnels. This opportunity was used to secure privileges under mining law against the resistance of the neighboring mining towns of Schneeberg and Schwarzenberg. In 1666, Aue is referred to as a “little mountain town” in the land tax register and only has to pay half the land and drink tax. At this time, the new Berg Freiheit settlement was also built . Including iron ore mining sites (on the Lumpicht, on the Eichert , on the Brünlasberg), there were even 250 ore mines and 10 hammer mills in Aue and the surrounding area by the end of the 17th century. In 1660 the most important tin smelter opened in Auerhammer, which could also be used for silver smelting and the production of Rauschgelb . It was in operation until the beginning of the 20th century. The street name Zinnstraße and a restaurant operated until the mid-1990s under the name Schmelzhütte are a reminder of this. Around 28 tons of pure tin had been smelted before the tin ore mining in the Auer region was abandoned.
Aue becomes the electoral kaolin supplier
In 1698 miners found kaolin in the south-east of Aue , which was initially considered to be an undesirable impurity in the iron ore. After the targeted mining of this white earth and the delivery of metal smelting works that used it to produce refractory furnace bricks, the kaolin proved to be an important raw material for this coveted product after the discovery of porcelain by Johann Friedrich Böttger and Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus . According to an order from the Saxon Elector August the Strong, Schnorr's clay (named after the owner of the mine Veit Hans Schnorr the Younger ) was to be delivered to the Meißen manufactory from 1711, which until November 12, 1855, produced Meißner porcelain exclusively with kaolin from the Weißerdenzeche St. Andreas produced. The hut house built for the miners of the kaolin mine on Lauterer Straße has been preserved and serves as a senior citizens' home, it is a listed building. In gratitude for the 150-year-old delivery of the coveted porcelain base material, the Meißner manufactory donated three porcelain pictures for the altar for the new construction of the St. Nicolai Church at the end of the 19th century .
In the 18th century, mining specialists found more iron ore deposits in the Lumbachtal to the east of Aue. The new mines St. Johannis , Ritter Georg , Osterlamm , Drei Brüder and Neujahr were built . This ensured continued operation of the hammer mills.
The granite rock of the Auer Berge was quarried in two quarries on the Auerhammer around 1800. The granite stones were used in building roads and houses. The quarrying trade was born.
In 1759 an important battle between Prussian and Austrian troops took place on the premises of the blue color factory in Aue, as a result of which the Austrians left the Ore Mountains. Famines, natural catastrophes and other war events such as the Napoleonic Wars with roaming French soldiers who had to be fed along with their horses, the Prussian-German wars , for which mainly the products of the hammer mills were needed, prevented economic growth until the beginning of the 19th century . The population fluctuated because of these war and natural events. In 1742 there were 96 possessed men on 7 ¼ hooves , that is around 500 people, as women, children, maids and servants were not specified separately. A travel report by Adolph Lobegott Peck 50 years later (from 1795) describes the situation in the city:
“ We now come to Aue, an official mountain town that has 121 houses plus 5 public buildings and 790 inhabitants ... The inhabitants live from agriculture, lace making and mining ... Otherwise there are 5 mills, 3 butchers, 2 vitriol and Separate water laboratory technicians, some nail and purpose blacksmiths and 5 blacksmiths who manufacture spoon plates. "
Even after another 50 years nothing urban had developed, as can be read in another description from 1848:
“ Just like a bunch of old, suicidal hospitalists in the traditional simplicity of manners and habits, refreshed themselves in the warmth of the soon-to-be-appearing sun, so the little town of Aue with its 136 mostly ancient wooden houses rests in a mild, whimsical cauldron called the Aue. The tasteless shapes of the houses in two or three alleys are unregulated and reminiscent of the Middle Ages, they huddle around the town hall with its crossed wooden gables and turrets ... "
Natural disasters and diseases
Due to its location at the deepest point of the valley basin and the confluence of numerous rivers and streams, Aue was and is repeatedly affected by floods. Between 1511 and 1858 the two wooden bridges in Aue were repeatedly torn away by floods. In 1661 the masses of water largely destroyed the Auer Hammer. Further flood damage occurred in 1694, when bridges and houses were destroyed in the floods, and in 1721, when some of the stamp mills on the two rivers were destroyed. In 1783 the dam of the felt pond , a water reservoir for the mines, broke and caused great damage to commercial facilities and residential buildings in the city (see also 1783 ).
From 1771 to 1772 there was a great famine in the entire Western Ore Mountains due to abuses, moisture and the ban on grain imports from Bohemia. In Aue alone, over 200 people (more than a quarter of the population) died of hunger. This great famine also led to food donations from other German areas and to the cultivation of potatoes on Auer fields, which had previously been rejected by the farmers. Around 1800 about 1300 people lived in the city, a little later only 711.
19th to the beginning of the 20th century: Aue becomes an industrial center
Incorporation and population growth
In 1834 the city had 1,106 inhabitants, in 1890 this number had increased to 6,004. This enormous increase is due on the one hand to the incorporation of manor districts and villages over several years: cell came to Aue in 1897, Niederpfannenstiel in 1921, Klösterlein in 1922, Alberoda in 1929, Auerhammer with Neudörfel in 1930 and Brünlasberg in 1937 as districts. On the other hand, the establishment of factories between 1872 and 1900 led to an enormous influx of wage workers from all areas of the German Reich. Aue became a conurbation of the population, with housing shortages, food and drinking water problems.
New industrial companies
Due to the general industrialization that started in Europe, favored by the freedom of trade in Saxony that had been decided since 1861, by the raw material base in the Ore Mountains and the location of the Aues in a fertile valley basin, dozens of new businesses were founded in a very short time. The establishment of numerous factories was supported by the construction of the first railway lines along the two rivers. Aue now also became an important transport hub and cargo handling point.
By-products or waste products from mining resulted in new products such as Rauschgelb and Vitriol . At the beginning of the 19th century, a new process was used to extract nickel from dump rock, which led to a further boom in nickel production. After the invention of the Argentan by Ernst August Geitner , which was made from a copper-zinc-nickel alloy, the new material was formed into sheets in an Argentan rolling mill built on the former Auer Hammer . This enabled cutlery and other metal goods to be made. From the middle of the 19th century, nickel and bismuth were produced in their pure form in the former blue ink factory and sold all over the world. At the end of the 19th century, the ore deposits were largely exhausted, the raw materials for the hammer mills and the mechanical engineering companies now had to be acquired from other German areas or abroad. Some hammer mills were demolished, others were expanded from around 1820 into factories that had a particularly high demand for water, such as textile processing companies.
The newly established and economically important plants included: the Argentanfabrik EG Geitner (founded in 1829, taken over by FA Lange in 1855), the cotton spinning mill Gebrüder Lauckner (1835), the textile machine factory and iron foundry Ernst Geßner (1850), the factories for the production of cutlery and Tableware from Argentan Sächsische Metallwarenfabrik August Wellner Sons AG (1854), Christian Gottlieb Wellner (GoWe) and C. F. Hutschenreuther & Co., factory for Alpacca and Alpacca silver-plated tableware . Other companies founded were the Erdmann Kircheis machine factory and iron foundry (1861), the Ernst Papst sheet metal spool and metal tube factory (1872), the S. Wolle laundry factory (1877, taken over by Alwin Bauer in 1903 ), the C. F. Gantenberg laundry factory (1874), the steam sawmill and Holzhandlung Christian Becher (1875), chair factory and steam sawmill Ernst Wellner (1875), special factory for saw frames and woodworking machines Carl Hoffmann (1878), machine factory Hiltmann & Lorenz (1879, enlarged several times until 1923, on the production of presses, scissors and punches for the Sheet metal processing), wood goods factory with steam operation August Knorr (1881), mechanical cotton spinning mill S. Wolle (1882) and chair and furniture factory Wilhelm Seitz (1903). In the city chronicle, four important linen factories are listed around 1890 and twelve large machine factories in 1906.
The address and business manual for the city of Aue from 1906 provided a clear description of this situation:
“ Few of the cities in our Saxony region are likely to be able to list the same versatility in terms of industry as Aue ... First and foremost, it is the mechanical engineering and laundry industry as well as the textile industry in the form of mechanical weaving mills, which are represented in Aue by excellent, world-famous companies, where Workers are given the opportunity to secure a profitable, permanent income. [As examples of the many designs] the following can be cited: German silver goods factories, coppersmiths, sawmills, tool factories, wood sculptures, iron foundries, cardboard factories, electrotechnical factories, chair factories, sheet metal factories, book printing factories, stone printing factories, ..., footwear and stock factories (factories, Christmas tree decorations ... ), a steam hammer mill, a pipe bowl factory, a paint mill, a commercial mill . "
In 1910 the city had 19,363 inhabitants.
The workers who immigrated from Bohemia , Silesia and Italy for the new factories brought their Catholic faith with them. A Catholic pastoral care district with a chaplain , the Expositur Aue, was set up for them by the Zwickau parish in July 1907 . In addition to Aue, the catchment area included Eibenstock , Hartenstein , Johanngeorgenstadt , Zwickau and Zwönitz . The Catholic community had around 4050 members at that time. Services took place in the rifle house on the Heidelsberg or in the priest's apartment. With the help of a collection of donations, it was possible to build a separate Catholic church on Schneeberger Straße on privately donated land by 1915, which was named Mater Dolorosa . - At the beginning of the 20th century, around two percent of the population of Catholic denomination lived in the Protestant Aue. Jews had also settled there; the statistics in 1925 name 29 people of Jewish faith.
City administration and sovereign tasks
The new companies with their transport tasks and the massive influx of workers made higher demands on the city administration and led to organizational changes. The former town clerk became a mayor in 1839, assisted by a number of councilors. The Saxon City Code for medium-sized and smaller cities , which was adopted in 1873, had to be implemented in Aue, which is why the Revised City Code was adopted in 1890 . According to this, a city council, which consisted of a city council (partly honorary, partly paid members) and city councilors (as an advisory, decision-making and supervisory body) headed by a mayor, had to decide on all urban matters. In 1878 a gendarmerie station was opened, traffic routes had to be improved, and drinking water, electricity and gas supplies had to be organized. The city administration had to be expanded to handle all of these tasks, and the old town hall on the Altmarkt was no longer sufficient.
In 1889/1890 a representative new town hall (initially called the town hall) was built according to the plans of the town architect Max Püschmann, in which the town administration could meet and a town bank (savings bank department) was housed. Originally existing onion domes above the bay windows soon had to be removed due to their disrepair. In 1911 the town house was expanded. From 1924, a small local history museum was also housed in a room in the town hall, in which the first showpieces collected by those interested in local history were shown. When the space in the town hall was no longer sufficient, the museum had to be closed and the exhibits were stored.
The village ofzelle had its own town hall built for its municipal administration in 1893. However, as Zell was incorporated into Aue as early as 1897, the two-story house with a small roof turret served as a bell cage initially as a branch of the Au city administration. It then became an inn and finally the seat of the city's waterworks.
Since the 17th century there were the first Saxon stagecoach connections from Leipzig to the Ore Mountains, on which both travelers and personal documents were transported. Statistics show, for example, that in 1851 a total of 451 travelers from Aue used the two connections through the town (Schneeberg - Annaberg and Chemnitz - Schneeberg). The mail in Aue was delivered by a postman from Schneeberg. On October 1, 1860, at the request of several Auer merchants, an own postal expedition (small post office) was opened in the private house of J. C. G. Walther in Aue, who thus became the first Auer postal administrator. Because of the rapid increase in mail items and the commissioning of the Upper Ore Mountains State Railway, a second official post office was set up in the station building from 1858. In 1868 the Saxon postal system was transferred to the newly formed North German Confederation . After the establishment of the German Empire in 1871, the Aue postal expedition was elevated to the status of an imperial post office (1876 post office second class; 1891 post office first class), the expedition at the station was closed. After brief local interim solutions, a separate two-story post office building was built on what was then Ernst-Geßner-Platz (today Postplatz) in 1912/1913, which is still used as a post office today. The transport of people with stagecoaches was stopped in 1875. At the same time as the increasing transport of goods by post, the telegraph and telegram system came into being, which was the responsibility of the imperial post offices. The first city telephone connection in Aue was put into operation on September 29, 1891. It connected the city center with the places Auerhammer, cell, Nieder- and Oberpfannenstiel, Lößnitz, Bockau, Zschorlau, Schneeberg, Neustädtel , Nieder- and Oberschlema as well as Stein im Chemnitz valley . There were 16 participant locations in Aue and Schneeberg. The telephone network was quickly expanded, and in 1895 there were connections to all important places in the German Empire. In urban areas, too, the number of connections rose to 546 subscribers by 1913. The first three public telephone machines were installed in the same year.
The factories' new factory halls with their water and heating systems and the dangers posed by them led to the fact that in 1870 the factory owner Ernst August Papst founded a voluntary fire brigade within a gymnastics club to quickly combat damage. From 1875 the city decided to convert it into a municipal fire brigade and provided storage rooms on the ground floor of the school gym of the Dürerschule on Ernst-Geßner-Platz. Although there were always financial bottlenecks in the purchase of extinguishing aids, they could be overcome with a lot of personal commitment. In addition to extinguishing operations, rescuing people and helping to combat floods were often important tasks.
The food supply for the rapidly growing population made it necessary to set up an urban cattle and slaughterhouse. The city administration bought a site near the train station (on Lößnitzer Straße) and had the appropriate functional buildings built here by 1906.
In 1901, the Royal District Court began its work in the city. A handsome building behind the old cemetery next to the rectory was built for this purpose from 1899 to 1901 with an attached prison. (Today the district court of Aue is located there . The building complex is a listed building and was renovated between 2005 and 2007 for 1.75 million euros.)
The Royal Tax Office was located in a building nearby, which was also occupied at the turn of the 20th century, and has housed the Auer Land Registry as part of the local court since the 21st century .
Last but not least, a city cemetery had to be planned for a city with a rapidly growing population. When the church's churchyard had to be closed at the beginning of the 20th century because of the new buildings, the city administration had a suitable burial site laid out on an area of around 60,000 square meters on Schwarzenberger Straße. In addition, the cemetery in Aue-Klösterlein is still in use.
Water for floodplain
Hydropower was the first propulsion aid for mechanical workshops and mining as well as for processing the ores. For this purpose, water and grinding mills were built on the rivers and streams at an early stage. The wastewater generated during ore washing and later textile production was discharged directly into the rivers via company ditches.
Until a drinking water pipeline was built in 1887, the numerous streams and rivers as well as pumped-out filtered pit water provided drinking water for the city. In 1887 the city had its own waterworks completed. After a severe flood in the Western Ore Mountains, the construction of a dam as flood protection and drinking water reservoir was first discussed in the German Reichstag in 1897 . However , the construction requested by August Bebel was rejected. Subsequent projects and studies to create a retention basin were also unsuccessful, although there was now a shortage of drinking water due to the strong population growth. From a headwaters of the municipality of Lenkersdorf an approximately 10 km long water pipe was laid to Aue by 1905, which took over part of the drinking water supply.
For centuries, the city's wastewater ended up unfiltered in the rivers, which led to severe pollution, especially due to the steadily growing number of companies and their large quantities of process water. Drainage or sewage treatment plants were only built in a decentralized manner in the 20th century. The location of the city in the basin was problematic. A larger sewage treatment plant on the outskirts of the city could only be put into operation when powerful pumping stations with electric drive were available.
Energy situation
In 1890 a municipal gas works was put into operation in Aue, in which city gas was produced from coal. This gas plant was located at the foot of the Eichert and had a direct rail connection. The gas was used to light the gas lanterns in the streets, the mantles in the residential buildings and to operate the heating plants in the factories.
In 1903, an electricity station for the power grid of the Zwickau-Oelsnitzer Elektricitäts-Actien-Gesellschaft went into operation in Aue , which the city bought in 1918. Important buildings of the city administration and the large factories were connected to the electricity network.
The processing of ores required not only the drive of machines but also the generation of heat, for which wood and coal were burned in smelting furnaces for several centuries. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the factory owners had their own thermal power stations built next to their businesses, which generated superheated steam with coal. High chimneys, which shaped the cityscape and polluted the air, were used to discharge the resulting gases from the valley basin.
Residential and commercial buildings
Today's Altmarkt is considered the first settlement core of the place, around which the town hall, the parish church, a school and some low residential buildings were grouped. At the beginning of the 20th century, numerous inexpensive apartments were built near the factories for the many new residents of the city. These tenement houses often had cascade toilets and no connection to the sewer system or electrical light (the first Auer power station, as shown above, was not put into operation until 1903). The city expanded beyond its previous center. In the old town center, the low, mostly only two-story buildings were demolished, a grid street system was established and taller and more solid houses were added in a so-called neighborhood development. The Altmarkt was redesigned and the residential ensemble was created around Wettiner Platz, which has some Art Nouveau buildings and is now completely under monument protection. The old core of the incorporated localities and the connecting roads to the center of Aue were newly built with residential houses. In the cell, Eichert, Niederpfannenstiel and Alberoda districts, several thousand families were given new living space.
The city's first savings bank was founded in 1862 as a savings and credit association that accepted citizens' funds for safekeeping and gave business people loans. In March 1881 the association became a city savings bank, which opened a box office in the school building on Schwarzenberger Straße. With the support of the Sparkasse, industrialization and trading activities in the area could also be advanced. After the new town hall was completed, the Sparkasse moved into new business premises. Around 1900 numerous other bank associations offered their services in Aue, including the Chemnitzer Bankverein (1897) and the Leipziger Bank (1899–1901). The Reichsbank opened a branch in 1901 and had its own building built on Poststrasse by 1915. The Allgemeine Deutsche Credit-Anstalt , the Deutsche Bank and the Vereinsbank Aue were added later.
The new population groups had to be provided with both food and clothing. For example, private individuals built department stores in the city in quick succession, including the Schocken department store owned by the Jewish family of the same name on Altmarkt in Schwarzenberger Straße (1909), Weichhold department store (1914), Otto Leistner department store , Bauer laundry articles (all on Bahnhofstraße) and the Leon Berg clothing store on Altmarkt.
New schools are emerging
In 1819, there was a simple school house in Zell, which was expanded in 1853 and then used as a school for 30 years. After that it was turned into a hospital. Because the school burned down in 1919, the hospital was housed in a dilapidated building of a former Salzergut in today's Schneeberger Straße until its own buildings were completed . In 1822 a small two-story school building was built in the city center at Neumarkt, which was demolished in 1995 for the construction of the Nicolaipassage. In 1877 Aue received a secondary school, which is now named after Albert Schweitzer on Schwarzenberger Strasse. In 1896 the city administration built a new three-storey primary school building on Ernst-Geßner-Platz, which was named after Albrecht Dürer in 1928 and is now a listed building. Alberoda's first school building was completed in 1898. In the Auerhammer residential area, the factory owners built a simple schoolhouse for the children of their workers around 1900, which continued to be used as a pioneer house in the 1960s . After 1990 the district received a new school.
The diverse industry in the city led to the establishment of a technical school for sheet metal working and installation in 1877 . From this educational institution which was in the 1920's Association Vocational School (1926-1927) as a vocational school for leather workers, construction and factory plumber Gürtler spun, engravers, hairdressers, mechanics, electricians, carpenters, painters and carpenters. After the Second World War, in 1947, this special school moved to Chemnitz.
The first citizen school on Schwarzenberger Straße, built in 1901/1902 as a grammar school, was named after Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi in 1927 . Their ground floor rooms were initially used as emergency shelters for hikers and as cash rooms for the first credit association.
In 1879 the first book lending facility with 600 books opened in the rooms of the Auer Citizens' School , which was open to all residents.
Traffic and transportation
The industrial expansion with ever more extensive transport problems required a rapid expansion of the inner-city and long-distance roads as well as the renewal of the existing bridges and the construction of new bridges. From 1888 (construction of the Wettiner Bridge) to the beginning of the First World War, the Schiller Bridge (1914) and the School Bridge (1914) were completed. New connecting roads to the neighboring localities and incorporated villages such as Zschorlauer Straße (1889) and Bockauer Talstraße (1910) were built.
railroad
Until the middle of the 19th century, horse-drawn carts and carriages were the only long-distance means of transport. When the Zwickau – Aue – Schwarzenberg railway was put into operation in May 1858 , the traffic situation improved. With the opening of the Chemnitz – Aue – Adorf railway in 1875, the city became a traffic hub that encouraged the settlement of industrial companies such as metal goods factories, sheet metal processing machines, laundry factories, etc. In 1908, a depot was set up at this junction to maintain the railroad cars and tractors .
tourism
The tin ore mining and the location Aues on the long-distance trade route between Bohemia and Zwickau required the provision of accommodation and food for travelers. In 1663 the merchant and mine owner David Rehm founded the first guest and lodging house in the city center of Aue, which was named after its owner David Rehms Gasthof . Rehm used the profits from his tin mine for the baroque expansion of the upper dining room, which was called the Tausendgüldenstube because of its decoration or the expansion costs and which today gives the hotel's restaurant its name. The inn changed hands several times and was rebuilt and expanded again and again after fires. From 1715 the building was called the Gasthof zum Güldenen Stern . After another fire completely destroyed the old inn in 1859, it was rebuilt by the new owners as the Fischerscher Gasthof on the previous foundation walls in the neoclassical style and was given the name Blauer Engel at the end of the 19th century . Between 1950 and 1990 the hotel was renovated several times. During one of these renovations, the facade was given blue plaster and the exterior stucco was removed. After 1990 the house was re-privatized and extensively renovated by 1995. A central tower tower and stucco decoration brought back something of the historical shape of the building. The modernization of the interiors led to greater comfort.
The increasing rail traffic and the associated travel activities led to the construction of new hotels and restaurants in Aue at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. In 1897/98 there were 14,500 overnight stays in the city. Establishments such as the Erzgebirgischer Hof or the restaurants Brauerei , Germania , Gasthaus zum Stern , Café Central , Feldschlösschen , Felsenkeller or Hüttenschänke are particularly well established near the train station . In other streets of the center there were dance cafés or coffee houses with large representative rooms. Remarkable Art Nouveau details on the facade are shown, for example, in the house at Schwarzenberger Straße 6, which is located in front of the former Bürgergarten restaurant , built between 1903–1905 according to designs by the architect Camillo Günther , a student of Paul Wallot . The first three floors are provided with simple plaster, while the top floor was decorated with white, blue and green glazed bricks. The building committee initially had concerns that Günther was able to dispel by comparing them to a tree with “a rich crown”. Later these inns, cafes and other buildings became sales facilities, residential buildings or, like the Erzgebirgischer Hof , operating buildings for the railway.
Cultural facilities have been created for the recreational activities of the population, primarily the city park on the Heidelsberg. Associations such as the Erzgebirgsverein or a gymnastics club and a town band were also founded (1888). Today's city garden in the vicinity of the Kulturhaus was created between 1905 and 1908 through the expansion of the Waltherwiese . Rhododendron bushes , deciduous trees and a pond with water fountains invited to relax. In honor of the Queen of Saxony , the park was named Queen Carola Plant and in 1908 a memorial for Carola was given, whose whereabouts are unknown. Gondolas made for a pleasant change. The park was extended up the slope to Lessingstrasse in the 1930s and redesigned as a city garden. A small fountain framed by flower beds was built facing Goethestrasse.
Social impact
The massive establishment of factories also led to the emergence of a powerful workforce , as the number of inhabitants had increased to 800 percent within 60 years. In 1867 a workers 'association was founded with the aim of influencing decisions made by the city administration in favor of workers' interests. The workers saw a social future in the socialist ideas, which were represented by Wilhelm Liebknecht , Fritz Heckert , Ernst Scheffler and Ernst Schneller , among others . The socialists therefore received a large number of events from the workers in the city.
The church congregations received numerous new members as the population grew. Since, according to church rules, every congregation member has the right to their own seat in the church, the church authorities planned new buildings accordingly. Until 1895 there was the old parish church in the city center, which had already been renewed and structurally expanded, as well as the former village churches in the new districts. Between 1895 and 1915 the new St. Nicolaikirche and rectory (1890), the parish and residential building of the regional church community (1908), the Friedenskirche (Aue cell) (1912-1914) and the Catholic church Mater Dolorosa on the Schneeberger were built Street (1913-1915). The Auer Masonic Lodge, Zu den Drei Rosen , founded at the beginning of the 20th century, had its own lodge house built on Schneeberger Strasse , which later housed the city savings bank, the first museum association and a craftsmen's association. Other faiths such as the Seventh-day Adventist Church , the Baptists , the Methodists and the New Apostolics had their own houses built in Aue for their worship services. The few citizens of the Jewish faith (less than one percent of the population) did not have their own synagogue.
Medical situation
The medical care situation in the 19th century was extremely poor. Although the population multiplied suddenly, between 1869 and 1899 only the general practitioner Heinrich Gaudlitz practiced as "poor doctor, police and vaccine doctor" in the city. The city administration had repeatedly rededicated external buildings and designated them to accommodate the sick and wounded.
In 1886, Karl August Müller founded an association for natural health care and non-medicinal healing art for the Aue and the surrounding area , which had 76 allotment gardens laid out on the Eichert. In 1888 the association opened its first public bathtub in the city center. The city later built a small memorial for Karl August Müller on Bockauer Strasse, at the foot of the Eichert.
In 1893, Pilling had a sanatorium built for better social classes on Schneeberger Straße, consisting of a main house and three smaller individual villas. The Pilling cure offers included water, steam, mud and galvanic baths, gymnastic exercises to make stiff joints more flexible, massages, diet and reclining cures.
Between the First and Second World Wars
First World War
During the First World War , young men from Aue were also called up for military service, the workers' families lacked breadwinners. Women had to go into production as factory workers and use their wages to support themselves and their children. The factory owners soon used prisoners of war to maintain production. Only certain war-essential products such as nickel and sheet iron were produced in large quantities. The provision of war bonds and inflation slowed the industrial boom and the urgently needed housing construction in Aue. - During the war the town band was dissolved.
At the end of the war the city had many war deaths to mourn, to whom a memorial was erected on Lutherplatz behind St. Nicolai Church in 1931.
Political changes at the end of the war
The abdication of the emperor in 1918 was followed by that of the Saxon king. The Weimar Republic emerged from the turmoil of the November Revolution and the kingdom became the Free State of Saxony . The parties that had just been founded throughout Germany also found supporters in Aue. In 1919 a local group of the KPD was founded , which maintained its party headquarters in what was then Reichsstrasse 58 until 1933. The SPD won four seats in the city parliament in elections in 1921. More than 6000 Auer workers took part in the Kapp Putsch . Two asylum homes built by the city served as accommodation for migrant jobseekers from other German areas in the 1920s. (The home on the Eichert was in the NS -time to a Feierabendheim and from 1954 to the nursing home Eichert redesigned Around 2000, the building was renovated and structurally expanded;. It continues to be used as a care facility for seniors.) The growing number of unemployed led to the establishment of an administrative municipality for the public proof of work for the Aue and the surrounding area . In 1928 the employment records from Schwarzenberg, Eibenstock, Johanngeorgenstadt and Hartenstein were added and the Aue employment office was established.
A manufacturer had a multi-storey house built at Wettinerstraße 15, on the courtyard side of which a social hall with a variety stage was built in 1903/04 and called the Café Carola Kinosalon . The city's first movies were shown here. In 1914, the renovation of a parcel hall at Bahnhofstrasse 17 resulted in an additional cinema . It was operated under the name Apollo-Lichtspiele and had 634 seats (as of 1927). The owner of the building was Johanne. Fisherman. After the approval issued by the city, this had committed Milda Schneider and Max Berthold as cinema operators. Even several years after the end of the Second World War, film screenings were held here until the early 1960s. In 1965 the cinema was converted into a gym . In this context, it was given the address Schulbrücke 2. In 2018, the city administration decided to demolish the building , which had been vacant since shortly after the fall of the Wall , because "there was a considerable investment backlog both on the building envelope and inside (danger of collapse), so that use is no longer possible and refurbishment is not economically or historically sensible ”. The demolition is scheduled to begin in early December 2018.
In October 1919, on the initiative of a scientific association, an adult education center was founded in aue, which organized its free events in the auditorium of the Pestalozzi School.
Stabilization of the economy during the Weimar Republic
In the years up to 1933, the production of the resident companies ran at a high level, but there was a great housing shortage. The city administration had many one and two-family houses built in the area around the train station and on the Eichert, which the city bought from the Lauter state forest district in 1920, and these were inhabited by around 1,800 people. The housing construction activity was not sufficient, however, because almost 700 housing applications could not be considered.
A broad, affluent middle class was formed in the population who turned to cultural matters: the former town band was re-established as the Auer Orchestra Association after the end of the First World War and performed regularly, the two cinemas were used extensively. The formation of the Freie Volksbühne Aue in 1924 made it possible to perform plays, operettas and other stage works. The Blue Angel and the city garden served as venues .
The Pillingsche Sanatorium, which had existed since the beginning of the century, was closed in 1922. In 1924 the Saxon Diakonissenhaus Zion moved from Rathen to Aue into the sanatorium building . The approximately 100 sisters took on pastoral care and preaching services for women, girls and children in church parishes as "maternal helpers" , services as nurses in hospitals, nursing homes and homes for the elderly, services as housekeepers, community nurses and tasks in looking after guests.
The construction of a municipal hospital was long overdue and the project planning could begin in 1927. A large hospital was built on the Zeller Berg by 1931 based on the drafts of the Hasse City Planning Council, who also managed the construction.
In 1924/25 the city received a larger power station on the Pfannenstiel, which was also called the power station on the hook crook because of its location on a bend in the river . This enabled the industrial companies to be converted to electric drives. The first residential buildings in the city received electrical lighting. Town gas was used for lighting and cooking purposes for many years in the numerous workers' quarters .
During this time, other roads were laid out, such as those to Niederschlema (1923–1926) and Oberpfannenstiel (1931). In 1928 the city administration passed a new police ordinance , which laid down rules for the increasing amount of motorized traffic in the city.
As a location for the city police, an area in the Niederschlemaer Weg was built on with a block of houses in 1926, in which the prison was also housed.
Period of National Socialism until the end of the Second World War
The takeover of power by the National Socialists in the urban district of Aue was announced by the results of the Reichstag elections on March 5, 1933 as follows:
| Political party | agree completely |
Share of votes in percent |
|---|---|---|
| NSDAP | 7 248 | 44.5 |
| SPD | 3,479 | 21.3 |
| KPD | 3,269 | 20.1 |
| DNVP (Black-White-Red Combat Front) | 925 | 5.7 |
| Christian Social People's Service | 763 | 4.7 |
| DVP ( German People's Party ) | 344 | 2.1 |
| DDP ( German State Party ) | 132 | 0.8 |
| center | 130 | 0.8 |
| German farmers party | 4th | 0.02 |
| German-Hanover party | 0 | - |
| Other parties | 5 | 0.03 |
| total | 16,299 | 99.75 |
The party headquarters of the NSDAP, which was initially located on Reichsstrasse, was given a building on Lessingstrasse that corresponded to the architectural ideas of the time from 1936. The Gestapo used the police complex on Niederschlemaer Weg. Political prisoners were also mistreated here, as a memorial plaque attached later reminds us: In this house in 1933 upright anti-fascists were imprisoned and tortured. Your struggle is a reminder and a legacy to us .
The new city administration had some streets renamed, for example the former Reichsstraße was given the name of the Saxon Gauleiter Martin Mutschmann (which was named after the anti-fascist Rudolf Breitscheid after 1945 ).
At the beginning of the 1930s, the premises of the Stadtsparkasse in the town hall became too small and ticket offices were set up in the former box house on Schneeberger Straße acquired by the city. The upper floor was used by the museum association for exhibition purposes and the district craft guild. But the Sparkasse soon placed the order for a new building. A dilapidated residential building on Goethestrasse and Auerhammerstrasse had to be demolished for the Stadtbank Aue , which opened on March 7, 1938 . The facade of the building was decorated with figurative representations of a merchant and a craftsman made of red porphyry and with the city coat of arms above a counter window.
Due to the increasing motorization, bus transport soon played an important role in Aue. Initially, the postbuses dominated passenger traffic, which served the Aue – Beierfeld and Aue – Jägerhaus lines in the 1920s. In 1927 there were already 100 bus routes that connected the production facilities in Aue with the residential areas and with the neighboring communities. To maintain the buses, a brickworks in the Auerhammer district had been demolished and a bus depot was built on part of the area, including a remaining building. (After 1990 the depot was closed.)
When a post office's own motor vehicle hall was put into operation on October 1, 1932, in today's Rudolf-Breitscheid-Straße, the Aue post office also took over the Bernsbach – Beierfeld lines to Bockau and Zschorlau. The fleet consisted of six buses and two reserve vehicles. - In the field of postal services, the delivery of postal items changed in Aue with the introduction of rural postal services on June 1, 1933. Now, instead of the previous country mail carriers, part-time workers were employed in newly established post offices. Country postal vehicles were purchased and drove to the post offices twice a day (except Sundays). In addition to mail, money and valuables, up to three people were also taken. Aue now had the following post offices: on Geßner-Platz, on Eichert, in Auerhammer, in Neudörfel, in Alberoda and at the “Granitwerke” and “Langehäuser”. (The latter two had to be closed again soon.) The main office was then subject to branch post offices and postal agencies in the neighboring communities. Telephone traffic led to the establishment of a self-dial telephone exchange and in 1933 comprised 1,500 main lines.
In 1931 the library opened in the 19th century was merged with the adult education center, both of which were housed in the Pestalozzi School building. Despite massive political influence on the staff and the book inventory from 1933, lending was still possible, even during the war.
Max Adler, a successful cinema owner from Oelsnitz , acquired the two existing cinemas in Bahnhofstrasse and Wettiner Strasse in 1932. He had the building in Bahnhofstrasse expanded into the “largest, most modern and leading sound film theater in the Upper Ore Mountains with daily performance”, it was now called Adler-Lichtspiele . The second movie theater closed its doors. Adler, who in the meantime had bought the former Gantenberg Villa on Ernst-Geßner-Platz (since the late 1990s Bürgerhaus Aue on Postplatz), applied to the Reichsfilmkammer in Berlin for a new cinema to be built on the grounds of his property due to the strong interest Hollow should arise. The application was granted with the condition that the building was to be completed within six months. The two-storey building, which offered space for 1,047 visitors, was used from December 15, 1938, it was also used for theater performances, lectures and congresses.
In 1934 the city administration organized a crib show in the building of the Sparkasse , at which Christmas cribs from the Ore Mountains, Bavaria , Westphalia and Tyrol were publicly exhibited.
The municipal hospital, which had just been completed, had to be expanded in 1934 and 1937 in order to be able to provide good medical care for the growing number of residents; during the war it also served as a hospital . - The main building of the Diakonissenhaus became the Luftwaffe military hospital from 1939 and remained so until the end of the war, so guest work could no longer be carried out. During these years, the sisters only had an outbuilding and the west wing of the main house with a dining room, which was also used for church services. After the brick factory was closed, the area not used for the bus depot was prepared as a parade area for the National Socialists: Within a year, thousands of people laid out the Anton-Günther- Platz, which was later named after the Ore Mountains songwriter and poet and inaugurated in 1937, as part of a job creation measure . But there were no big events here.
The temporary high point of traffic development was the construction of a new bridge that spans the Zwickauer Mulde and the tracks at the station. It was built according to plans by the Hasse City Building Council and was opened to traffic on June 5, 1937 under the name Adolf-Hitler-Brücke ( Bahnhofsbrücke since the late 1940s ). Its construction had become inevitable because of the increasing traffic. It was the first prestressed concrete bridge in Germany, the construction of which was patented in 1934, and is a listed building. On the occasion of the opening one could read in the Erzgebirge Volksfreund :
" It is supposed to ... establish the connection between the Lößnitzer and Schneeberger Reichsstraße, divert the mighty traffic of these two streets over the station facilities in a flowing line, unhindered and undisturbed by the railway operations and finally the elimination of the transition that is unbearable for today's development of the city [ restricted level crossing] on Lößnitzer Straße. "
Its supporting pillars are anchored 7 meters deep in the granite rock, and their main span is 69 meters. It has an average total length of 303 meters, a bridge area of 3,580 square meters and consists of ten fields. The construction costs were listed as 700,000 Reichsmarks . 650 tons of steel and 1200 tons of cement were used to build the bridge. The bridge piers were decorated with the imperial eagle with swastika, which was knocked off in 1945.
Between 1943 and 1945, Aue received additional staff through the temporary accommodation of Rhinelanders who had been evacuated from the bombed cities in western Germany, as well as refugee families from the former eastern German regions.
The actions of the extermination of the Jews in the Third Reich between 1933 and 1945 were not so obvious in Aue. In connection with the pogrom night of November 9, 1938 , a contemporary witness remembered a broken window in the Meinzer lingerie shop on Wettinerstrasse. However, there were expropriations and interventions in company operations: the Jewish Schocken family was expropriated, the department store was now called Merkur , and the renowned cotton weaving mill S. Wolle had to be renamed Curt Bauer after the current Aryan owner because of the name of its first Jewish owner . No documents are known of any deportations of people of Jewish faith to concentration camps.
After the beginning of the Second World War , many companies were converted to supplies for armaments. Above all, large quantities of nickel and other metals were required. The Aue nickel smelter worked at full speed, and in 1942 production of the spray cupral pesticide was started here. Since almost all of the male population was called up for military service, women, forced laborers and prisoners of war were used at the hot spots and raw materials were brought in from other areas. The old machines and systems, some of which were from the beginning of the century, were at full capacity and often had to be repaired. Urgent replacements or modernizations were not possible. Many companies also suffered from the lack of well-trained specialists who had either been ordered to do military service or had emigrated abroad. Wehrmacht units that withdrew from the fronts confiscated food supplies. Emergency hospitals have been set up in many buildings. The accommodation and food for refugees and evacuees led to severe food shortages. Locals reported that a single bomb was dropped over the city, fatally injuring a man in his allotment garden. In April 1945, a battle staff, together with commanders of the SS and the Wehrmacht, wanted to defend the city massively militarily and blow up all the important bridges over the Mulde and the Schwarzwasser. This could only be prevented through the personal commitment of the then mayor Max Poepel . The city survived the end of the war without fighting and thus without the destruction of factories and residential buildings. On May 8, 1945, US troops reached Aue without occupying it. Like Schwarzenberg (see also: Free Republic of Schwarzenberg ) , the city remained a “free city” until June 9, before Soviet troops moved in to implement the Yalta resolutions.
1945 to 1949: Post-war period and Soviet occupation
When a new city administration was formed before the arrival of the Soviet armed forces, social democrats and communists worked together in an anti-fascist building team. To ensure order and security, this staff formed a police committee in May 1945, which set up an anti-Nazi police force made up of civilians. An anti-fascist front (Antifa) action committee with more than 1200 volunteers undertook joint efforts to restore normal life. The committees worked until September 1945 and were then dissolved by the Soviet military administration. The Control Council Act No. 2 of the victorious allied powers ordered the dissolution of all German parties and associations in June 1945. In the same year, however, local groups of the social organization People's Solidarity and the Kulturbund , and in the following year a new CDU and local groups of the SPD and KPD were founded in Aue . The re-established CDU won the local elections on September 1, 1946 with 42.4 percent of all votes cast.
At the end of the war there were only the decades-old factories. There was a lack of skilled workers and raw materials, which made a new economic start, which was already severely hampered by reparations and expropriations, almost impossible. It therefore turned out to be more of a fortunate circumstance for Aue that the victorious Soviet power discovered uranium ores in the Ore Mountains (the so-called third Berggeschrey ) and had them mined by German workers for their purposes. With the establishment of uranium mining in Aue from 1946, new businesses (referred to as objects ) were established or old factories were newly profiled. Aue became the administrative center of the newly founded Soviet joint-stock company Wismut, which was based in the former police complex.
By order of the Soviet occupying power, all financial institutions except for the Kreissparkasse, the bank for agriculture and food industry founded after the war and a cooperative fund for handicrafts and trades had to cease their activities.
A complete children's clinic from Tilsit was on the move with the flow of refugees from the former eastern German regions , which in 1945 was housed in an outbuilding of the deaconry area and now in the main building instead of the hospital. The deaconesses continued to care for the sick, the elderly and the handicapped, and carried out pastoral and preaching activities. Looking after guests was not possible due to the economic hardship and lack of space.
The Aue post office was only able to work to a limited extent during the war, but it remained active without interruption, even after the end of the war. However, there was hardly anything to be conveyed; in May 1945, for example, only around 25 letters were sent a day. There were no packages. From January 1946, rural postal traffic could be resumed with a repaired vehicle. In 1948 the Aue post office included four branch post offices, six post offices I (the former post offices), 16 post offices II and the Werdau – Aue – Annaberg postal route. In addition, the Post took over the distribution of magazines and newspapers.
In order to make the art that was suppressed during the National Socialist era public and to offer some variety in the dreary environment with supply and housing problems, an exhibition of oil paintings, watercolors and sculptures by "anti-fascist local artists" was organized in the Sparkasse building at the station bridge in autumn 1945. Works by the carver Emil Teubner , the painters Ernst Hecker , Kurt Teubner , Hans Weiß , Otto and Paul Brandt were shown. The premises then continued to serve as a house of culture .
GDR period: 1949 to 1989
All dominant uranium mining
From 1950 onwards, the mining experts opened up a number of mine shafts on the Pfannenstiel rock and on the Zeller Berg directly in the urban area . After the recruitment of volunteers from all over Germany for the various sites in the Western Ore Mountains, the mining of uranium ores began in large quantities. He influenced the life and development of Aue and the neighboring towns for many years. As a special security measure, military checkpoints were set up on all streets on the city limits. The Soviet city command moved into the house of the former NSDAP city administration. - In 1968 the uranium mining operations in Aue employed 12,000 people.
The uranium mining and the multiplied number of inhabitants led to great water shortages in the entire district around Aue. That is why the Saxon state parliament decided in 1949 to build the Sosa dam near Eibenstock, the foundation stone of which was laid the following year. To support the state building measures, the state's working people were called upon to make donations or volunteer work under the motto “Water for Aue”. The FDJ worked actively on the building, which was declared a youth property, by taking on individual tasks. In December 1951, the water supply to the cities of Aue, Schneeberg, Zschorlau, Bockau and Lauter began through the dam. The resulting drinking water pipeline network, the Auer Ring , has a total length of around 22 kilometers.
The railroad gained particular importance with the establishment of uranium mining in Aue and the neighboring towns. In 1950/51, the dismantling of the second track on the Aue – Johanngeorgenstadt and Aue – Schwarzenberg lines, carried out in 1946, was reversed by relocating it. Separate freight train entry and exit tracks were laid directly on the site of the Auer Bahnhof, which enabled freight and passenger trains to travel to and from Chemnitz without crossing . The station building was given larger rooms and the technology of the depot was expanded. The railroad now served both to increase the number of people who had moved in or to commute workers and to transport away the mined ores. The crushed ores were transported from the mines with tipper vehicles to the freight stations and from there to processing plants in Russia. Specialists used Geiger counters to determine the amount of uranium they contain before reloading them into freight wagons . Powerful steam locomotives served as tractors. An electrification required by the Soviet Union could not be implemented due to material problems and unsuitable route structures. The unusable deaf rock was deposited with conveyor belts directly next to the shaft or in the immediate vicinity. On the Pfannenstiel, a valley with an outdoor pool built in 1921 disappeared under the ore sludge.
The beginning of uranium mining in the Western Ore Mountains with all its accompanying problems is shown very vividly in the DEFA film Sun Seeker .
Situation of other industrial companies
As early as 1945, the Soviet military administration had issued orders according to which companies that had worked for the German armaments industry are to be expropriated and dismantled or nationalized. In addition, there was a referendum in the state of Saxony in 1946, which had to decide on the expropriation of large companies. Six large companies in Aue were affected by these decisions:
(1) The Auerhammer Argentan rolling mill , which had to produce sheet metal for the armaments industry during the Nazi era, was dismantled and the owner family, Lange, expropriated. It was not until around 1950 that sheets could be rolled again, which were urgently needed in the GDR economy. From 1955, production was switched to semi-finished metal products and special materials. The factories were modernized, new workshops and a social building were added. After full expansion by 1983, 1700 employees in the Auerhammer semi-finished product plant produced non-ferrous metals, rolled mill products and some special materials for medical technology, electrical engineering / electronics and scientific device construction.
(2) Maschinenfabrik Hiltmann & Lorenz (initially used as a repair base for machines and railway wagons after a makeshift refurbishment, then as SAG Metallista and later as a mining equipment company part of the uranium mining management),
(3) Nickelhütte Aue ,
(4) textile machine factory and iron foundry Ernst Geßner ( now VEB Textima ),
(5) Maschinenfabrik und Eisengießerei Erdmann Kircheis (now VEB Blechmaschinenfabrik Blema ) and
(6) Sächsische Metallwarenfabrik August Wellner Söhne AG (now Auer cutlery and silverware ABS ) were also nationalized. ABS employed 900 people around 1970.
The factories, which were gradually started up again, together with Auer Werkzeugbau (AWEBA), now provided most of the jobs in the city. They delivered their products, mostly made on outdated systems, for the entire GDR and within the Comecon until the fall of the Berlin Wall .
Several weaving factories ensured a growth in the textile industry. The renowned production company for bed and table linen Curt Bauer continued to exist as a limited partnership and expanded its production.
In the service sector, craftsmen or buyers and suppliers formed cooperatives . At the beginning of the 1980s there were 13 PGHs , five purchasing and supply cooperatives and 145 individual businesses of the craftsmen's guild in the city.
Municipal improvements and housing
The city council , the highest municipal body in the GDR, secured the construction of numerous apartments, health, social and sports facilities through municipal contracts with large companies. At the beginning of the 1950s, Aue reached the peak of its population development, when more than 40,000 people lived in the city due to the influx of uranium mining.
When the states of the GDR were abolished in 1952 and the republic was divided into districts, districts and rural communities, the Aue district was created , which remained in existence until the GDR was dissolved. The new district administration was based in the building erected in 1924 as an administration building for the Wellner company in Wettinerstraße (which has now been renamed Ernst-Thälmann-Straße). The house was connected to the production building by a walkway on the second floor, and there was a factory outlet for ABS products on the ground floor. (After the recent reform of the administration from the 21st century, a department of the district office for the district of Erzgebirgskreis is housed in the house guarded by granite lions.)
After emergency shelters had been created for the first employees in uranium mining and private quarters had been rented, brisk new construction activity began in the 1950s. A total of 1,300 residential units were completed on the Zeller Berg between 1950 and 1959. In 1964 the city built four-story prefabricated buildings with 370 residential units on the lower slope of the Eichert, and in 1981 some eleven-story buildings with good living comfort. Further houses were built later behind the slaughterhouse and on the Niederschlemaer Weg. By 1972, residential buildings for thousands of people had also been completed in the Brünlasberg district and in the city center. In order to ensure that the operations run smoothly in addition to the railway connections, some bus connections were set up in the city and to neighboring towns, for example 24 bus routes are mentioned for 1973.
The numerous workers in the new factories also had to receive medical care, of course, which is why several polyclinics were built , especially in the new residential areas. The existing medical practices, the children's clinic, the clinic and the sisters of the deaconess house were still there for the sick. The hospital received an extension for the internal medicine clinic. In 1954 it was named after its sponsor Ernst Scheffler . Specialists from the urological clinic of this hospital developed the first GDR's own artificial kidney Aue I around 1960 in cooperation with the Academy of Sciences of the GDR and medical technicians from the University of Rostock and used it.
The Aue post office was restructured and the previous post offices were converted into branch post offices. The restructuring lasted until 1971, when there was the post and telecommunications office Aue 1 , to which the entire post and telecommunications system of the two districts of Aue and Schwarzenberg at that time was subordinate.
In 1960 a school animal garden was created on the site of a former nursery, which was run by the Auer teacher Wilhelm Häberer after a fox was the first animal to be kept in the schoolyard. A wildlife enclosure belonging to the zoo was created in the city park. The facilities, in which native domestic and wild animals were shown, soon passed into the ownership of the city of Aue and were constantly expanded , mainly by volunteers at the Aue zoo .
In the Kreiskulturhaus Ernst Thälmann , which was rebuilt in 1958 in the Auer Stadtgarten in connection with uranium mining , the Erzgebirgsensemble Aue was established on October 13, 1963 at the suggestion of the vernacular speaker Werner Kempf , a folk art ensemble that soon established itself through the maintenance and performance of Erzgebirge songs and music became known beyond Aue. The Auer Bergmannsorchester was also accommodated in the house. Manfred Blechschmidt became the first director of the cultural center . A bust for Ernst Thälmann was erected in front of the Kulturhaus in 1958 and placed in front of a stylized reinforced concrete flag in 1972. The city garden has been redesigned for the second time since it was first opened in 1908 and inaugurated on October 6, 1972 as the Ernst Thälmann memorial . In 1979 the green area was again extensively changed under the direction of the architect R. Unger and the garden designer Rolf Krebs. Including one of the ponds, a new area was created, benches were set up, a youth club was set up, raised beds were created and numerous new plantings were carried out. The ponds of the previous facility, which were no longer usable because of the station bridge, were filled in and a gas station was opened on them. (During the last renovation in the 1990s, the petrol station disappeared, the intersection area at Schneeberger and Lößnitzer Strasse was widened and in front of the former Café Carola (which the city library had moved into) a small green area invites you to linger.)
The Zeller Berg, Albert-Schweitzer-Straße, Schlemaer Straße and Eichert areas as well as the Brünlasberg residential area were among the first new building areas. Neudörfel, Gellertstraße and Waldstraße, the area north of Schneeberger Straße and parts of the Zeller Berg were built with single, semi-detached and residential houses. In the district of Alberoda, the forest hoof village structure was largely preserved. By 1980, elementary and secondary schools and a sports hall complex with a swimming pool were built in the new building areas mentioned. - The humanitarian commitment of the sisters of the deaconess house was recognized by the fact that 1985–1987 a new extension to the main house was arranged and financed. The deaconesses, on the other hand, gave religious instruction in a district of Au. Guest work in the form of children's Bible weeks, youth leisure activities, family recreation days, seminars and training courses could take place again on a small scale.
In order to make the exhibits on the history of the city accessible again to interested parties, a former residential building on Schneeberger Strasse near the station bridge was converted into a city museum in the 1950s. In 1973 it had to be closed because of dilapidation. In the same year the Rachalßsche cellar from the 17th century located in the Bockenauer Street, the former was Huthaus a tin ore-shaft, under the responsibility of the architect Wolfgang Unger and the City Council John Heinichen and with the support of bismuth operations for 700,000 Mark as tradition place ore mining opened . Soon the exhibition was renamed the Museum of Mining Technology and Mining History and carried this name until October 1990. After that, it was renovated, rebuilt and the exhibition expanded to include the history of the town. It has been the official city museum since 1991 .
Restaurants
At the end of the city garden in front of the Kulturhaus is the Hutzen Haisel restaurant, which opened in 1969 (see also: Hutzenstube ). This is where the entrance to an ore gallery joins, in which a restaurant had already been set up under the name of St. Urban gallery . (Both were vacant for a few years after 1990. The Hutzen Haisel was privatized, reconstructed, reopened in 2006 and primarily offers local dishes.) The Bürgergarten , the Parkschlösschen , the Ratskeller , the Hotel-Restaurant Blauer Engel , the hotel-restaurant Stadtpark and some small neighborhood bars .
Flood
In July 1954, a large flood wave, triggered by rain that lasted for days and a dam break near Bernsbach , led to raging rivers on the streets of the city. The low-lying traffic routes were about three feet under water. Auxiliary workers and the residents of the city often prevented total damage to warehouses and buildings. The then district administration then carried out protective measures in the water management and hoped for effective protection.
Leisure and sport offers
The holdings of the library, which had grown considerably in the meantime, were reviewed after the end of the war. Due to the increased space requirement, the facility moved several times, including to the former box house on the Bahnhofsbrücke and Wehrstraße. The city library has been located in the renovated building of the former Café Carola on Schillerplatz since the 1980s . In the 1950s, a separate children's library was opened on Thomas-Mann-Straße, which was named after the writer Stephan Hermlin . (Today both libraries are combined in the city library, which has a total of 27,500 units.)
After the expropriations from 1945, the cinema on Ernst-Geßner-Platz (temporarily also Josef Stalin-Platz ) came into the possession of the city, which continued to operate it until around 1990 under the name Kino Einheit . (It was then torn down for the new building of the Postplatzgalerie shopping center, which opened in 1994. )
For recreation, the city park on Heidelsberg, which was designed around 1900, was restored and new attractions such as a ski jump and an open-air stage were added. Folk festivals and other major events were organized. The organization of the Whitsun meeting of the FDJ in 1969 in Aue prompted the city administration to redesign the historic city center around the Altmarkt. Landscape planners created a system with water features, flower beds, bushes and benches, and a brick traffic house was erected. The electrically operated large pyramid from 1937 was given a permanent location from 1973.
A company sports community with the sections football, handball, gymnastics and volleyball, which was later supported by the SDAG Wismut , was founded early on and was open to all those interested in sports. From this sports club, the football club (FC) Wismut Aue was soon formed, which played in the GDR league. (After 1990, FC Wismut Aue was able to survive thanks to good management and, under the new name FC Erzgebirge, it even managed to get promoted to the 2nd Bundesliga.)
Despite all communal improvements, the number of inhabitants decreased from the 1960s and decreased to 25,765 by 1990, which was only 65 percent of the maximum. The reasons are the declining uranium mining (sites were often exploited, people were replaced by modern technology), the rationalization in the large production plants and the deteriorating quality of life in the city. The rivers were polluted, smoking chimneys and mining heaps dominated the cityscape and the surrounding area.
Turning year 1989/1990 in Aue
As in many other cities in the GDR, demonstrations for social change and a renewal of the state took place in Aue in 1989. Since October 23, mainly young people have taken part in the Monday demonstrations in the city. The protests continued after the Berlin Wall opened on November 9th. On banners were texts like “The SED has passed away forever - * 21. April 1946 - † 18. March 1990 ”and“ Germany united fatherland ”, and so the Auer also contributed to the overthrow of the GDR regime. In 1990 the independent daily Auer Tageblatt was published on the initiative of the round table formed in Aue . It was discontinued in 1991 because it could not prevail against the traditional Auer local edition of the Free Press .
On the Day of German Unity in 1990, Auer citizens planted a linden tree in the city garden. From January 1, 1991, some streets that were renamed after World War II were given their previous or new names.
Aue after the reunification
District reform
Until 1994, the city was the administrative seat of the Aue district . With the district reform in 1994, it became the administrative center of the newly formed Aue-Schwarzenberg district . As part of the Saxon administrative reform in 2008 and the associated establishment of the Erzgebirgskreis , Aue was no longer considered as a district seat . The city turned to the Constitutional Court of the Free State of Saxony with an application for municipal norms control to proceed against the determination of Annaberg-Buchholz as the seat of the district office. On June 27, 2008 this application was rejected by the Constitutional Court. As compensation, with effect from August 1, 2008, it was granted the status of a major district town .
Housing situation
Although Aue lost numerous residents after reunification, there were still housing problems because the old stock was worn out or did not meet normal living standards. The housing associations and private owners were supported in the comprehensive renovation with generous loans. In 1995 the city built social housing in Bockauer Gasse.
Planned merger to form the city of Silberberg
The Silberberg Association of Cities has existed since 1996 , to which Aue, Schneeberg, Schwarzenberg, Bad Schlema, Lauter and Lößnitz belong. In November 2006 the mayors of Aue, Lößnitz, Schneeberg and Bad Schlema signed the plan to merge to form a town of Silberberg. The planned merger did not take place until 2016, but, according to press releases from the Aue town hall, there are already concrete ideas as to how the locations that are now available should be called later: for example Silberstadt-Aue.
Natural disasters
The last strong flood in August 2002 turned the old town center back into a river system. Some bridges were in danger, but like the city's historic buildings, they have been preserved. New flood protection systems are being built on the lower sections of the river, such as an additional reservoir and a flood channel on the Rumpelsbach. Disaster exercises by the mostly volunteer forces are also intended to improve protection and the ability to react quickly. The city has invested some expenses in the construction of a flood barrier along the deepest points of the hollow and in the construction of a larger water collection basin. However, as it became apparent on the occasion of the storm Elvira at the beginning of June 2016, the existing sewer system was unable to cope with the sudden influx of water. Once again the Bahnhofstrasse was flooded and several cellars ran full of water. Local residents are upset because hardly anything has improved.
Industry, trade and medical care
The industrial companies in the city or the surrounding area lost their previous customers with the introduction of the market economy. They were either liquidated, sold or privatized. In order to offer good restart conditions, the city administration in the Alberoda district had large areas laid out as an industrial area from 1994 , which are now used by major manufacturers. At the end of 2008 there were 13 larger industrial companies in Aue, around 380 facilities in the service sector and handicrafts and around 60 trade facilities (retail trade, chain stores, car dealerships). As of December 31, 2007, the official city portal contained 45 establishments, 389 craft businesses and 230 tradespeople.
The hospital was restructured under the new name Klinikum Aue . In 1996, the children's clinic was able to move from its former provisional facility on the grounds of the deaconess house to the clinic. A helicopter landing pad and new parking spaces have been created for the entire site. In 1998 the facility became the property of Helios Kliniken . It also functions as the “Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Dresden”, employs around 1,000 people and treats 55,000 patients annually (as of 2012).
Statistical overviews
Population development
The maximum was reached in 1950 when many people moved in due to uranium mining (marked in bold in the following table)
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- 1 Incorporation completed
Data sources: 1950: Aue literature - 40 years of everyday life in the GDR , p. 9; until 1990: Digital historical directory of Saxony and literature Aue, mosaic stones of history …;
from 1998: State Statistical Office of the Free State of Saxony; 1
Religious followers
| year | Residents | of which Protestants (percent) |
of which Catholics (percent) |
thereof other Christians (percent) |
of which Jews (percent) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1925 | 21,296 | 20,170 (94.7) | 501 (2.35) | 25 (0.12) | 29 (0.14) |
| 1933 | 25,836 | 23,797 (92.1) | 612 (2.37) | 3 (0.01) | 18 (0.07) |
| May 17, 1939 | 22,809 | 15,435 (67.7) | 771 (3.38) | 472 (2.07) | 14 (0.06) |
| 2005 | 18,000 | 47,000 1 | 1 300 2 | > 200 3 | ? |
1 catchment area of 30 cities
2 catchment areas Aue, Schneeberg, Eibenstock, Schönheide and Lößnitz
3 estimated from the information provided by the existing parishes
Overview of the mayor
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Mayoral election 2006
In the mayoral election on September 17, 2006 in the town of Aue in the Aue-Schwarzenberg district, 15,515 people were eligible to vote. The turnout was 41.5% (6,445 votes). 88 votes were invalid.
| candidate | Political party | Absolute votes |
Share of votes in percent |
|---|---|---|---|
| Franz Heinrich Kohl | CDU | 4,337 | 68.2 |
| Hans-Jürgen Rutsatz | Individual applicants | 1 077 | 16.9 |
| Jens Berghold | FWA | 943 | 14.9 |
| total | 6 357 | 100.0 |
Industrial companies
| year | Number of establishments |
Number of employees |
|---|---|---|
| 1890 | 38 | 1 706 |
| 1895 | 43 | 2,691 |
| 1900 | 62 | 4 361 |
| 1905 | 130 | 5 237 |
| 1910 | 206 | 6,300 |
| 1920 | 232 | 8 871 |
| 1925 | 406 | 12,519 |
A first industrial and trade exhibition held on Ernst-Geßner-Platz in 1907 pursued the goal of presenting “Auer industrial and trade diligence” as well as the “diversity and diversity of the local industries and trades”. Between 1890 and 1925, the number of businesses in Aue increased thirteen-fold. The number of employees grew around seven times. The table on the right shows the corresponding figures.
Two urban researchers vividly formulated the situation
“ ... the factories and production facilities crowd close together, and it is often impossible to tell which buildings belong to which factories. ... one company almost interferes with the other. And only the initiated know about belonging. "
literature
- Siegfried Sieber: Festschrift for the 750th anniversary of the city of Aue in the Ore Mountains on May 7, 1923 . 1923, reprint 2007
- City Council of Aue (ed.): 1173–1973 Aue. A city and its citizens , Aue 1973
- Siegfried Sieber: Around Aue, Schwarzenberg and Johanngeorgenstadt , Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1974
- Aue in the Erzgebirge , Geiger Verlag, Horb am Neckar 1991, ISBN 3-89264-600-7
- Aue in the mirror of historical images; Industrial and urban development in the 19th century , Geiger Verlag, Horb am Neckar 1991, ISBN 3-89264-540-X
- Aue in the mirror of historical images of the 20s and 30s of the 20th century ; Geiger Verlag, Horb am Neckar 1993, ISBN 3-89264-829-8
- Stadt Aue (Ed.): Aue, mosaic stones of history , printer and publisher Mike Rockstroh, Aue 1997
- Ralf Petermann and Lothar Walther: Aue - 40 years of everyday life in the GDR , series of pictures from the GDR, Sutton Verlag, Erfurt 2005, ISBN 3-89702-857-3
- Hotel Blauer Engel (Ed.): "Tour through Aue", Flyer, Aue 2007
- Keller, Katrin: Small Towns in Electoral Saxony - Changes in an Urban Landscape between the Thirty Years' War and industrialization . Verlag Böhlau, 2001, ISBN 3-412-11300-X
Individual evidence
- ^ Siegfried Sieber : Um Aue, Schwarzenberg and Johanngeorgenstadt , Akademie-Verlag Berlin, 1974, p. 12.
- ↑ Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae, p. 275
- ↑ Aue, mosaic stones of history , p. 10 ff.
- ↑ Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae, p. 196.
- ↑ Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae I 3 pp. 194–197 No. 266, here p. 196 (line 34).
- ^ Ernst Költzsch: Complete directory of the Liber benefactorum in the Zwickau city archive. Termination book of the Zwickau Franciscans , 1996 (AMF series, 18).
- ^ Karl August Hugo Burkhardt: History of the Saxon Church and School Visitations from 1524 to 1529 , reprint of the Leipzig edition 1879, Scientia-Verlag, Aalen 1981, p. 24f.
- ↑ Aue, mosaic stones of history , p. 23.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Aue, Mosaiksteine der Geschichte , p. 227 ff: City history in numbers
- ↑ Neue Sächsische Kirchengalerie, Ephorie Schneeberg , p. 219ff.
- ↑ See Wilhelm Dilich's pen drawings of Electoral Saxon and Meissnian localities from the years 1626–1629 , ed. by Paul Emil Richter u. Christian Krollmann. Dresden: Meinhold, 1907. The original Latin title of the first edition is: Urbium et oppidorum et arcium aliquot septemviratus saxonici et misniae tiypi ac desriptionum isagoges Wilhelmi Dilichii. ASMDC.XXIIX.
- ↑ Christian Lehmann: The War Chronicle - Saxony with the Ore Mountains . HuF-Verlag 1998, p. 64, ISBN 3-9805904-6-1 .
- ^ Westliches Erzgebirge , Wir-Verlag Walter Weller, Aalen 1991; P. 35, ISBN 3-924492-56-5 .
- ↑ Aue, Mosaiksteine der Geschichte , pp. 24/25; 39, 62 and 70-72.
- ↑ Hermann Löscher : The Ore Mountains . Country and people. Ed .: Herbert Clauss . 2nd Edition. Weidlich, Frankfurt 1980, p. 55 .
- ↑ a b City history on the city's website.
- ↑ Aue, mosaic stones of history , p. 25.
- ↑ Aue, mosaic stones of history , p. 27.
- ^ Siegfried Sieber: Festschrift for the 750th anniversary ... , p. 30.
- ↑ TOURIST travel guide Erzgebirge Vogtland , VEB Tourist Verlag Berlin - Leipzig, 4th edition 1981, p. 179.
- ^ Siegfried Sieber: Um Aue, Schwarzenberg and Johanngeorgenstadt , pp. 15, 23; Akademie-Verlag Berlin, 1974.
- ↑ Aue in the mirror of historical images; Industrial and urban development in the 19th century , p. 29.
- ↑ Aue, ... historical pictures, ... 19. Century, p. 50 .
- ↑ Aue, Mosaic Stones of History , p. 91.
- ↑ Aue, ... pictures of the 20s and 30s ..., p. 88 .
- ↑ Aue, ... pictures from the 20s and 30s ..., p. 61 .
- ↑ Aue, Mosaiksteine der Geschichte , pp. 108/109. Literally it said: “ … As with a tree the trunk is bare at the bottom, but the crown is rich, also with a flower the stalk bare and above the blossom unfolds in full color and beauty, furthermore with a person the head the most interesting thing about the Whole appearance is or at least should be, so here too I wanted to try to create the ornament as an invigorating part of a building, and I want the top floor to act as a surface ornament on the viewer ... just please have a look at the new schools and baths as well as other urban and state buildings in Dresden, Munich and especially in Berlin. All these buildings are made of plaster with the sparing use of building blocks, are cheap and have a wonderful effect on the eye of the beholder due to the intricacies that have been personally put into them, so that it would only be regrettable if this direction were not accepted in the small town of Aue ... The front side of the Bürgergarten will suitably line up alongside the not really good facades in Aue. "
- ↑ Aue, ... historical pictures, ... 19. Century , p. 79.
- ↑ Homepage of the Landeskirchliche Gemeinschaft Aue ( Memento of the original from March 11, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ On the history of the building: Demolition of building Schulbrücke 2 in Aue . Press release from the Auer Rathaus; October 26, 2018.
- ↑ Aue location. Volkshochschule Erzgebirgskreis, accessed on January 15, 2016 (due to merging with neighboring towns, the history of the Auer Volkshochschule can no longer be found online).
- ↑ Aue in the mirror of historical images of the 20s and 30s ... , p. 50.
- ↑ a b Path and mandate of the Saxon deaconess house "Zion" in Aue ; Flyer from December 2008.
- ^ Aue, Mosaic Stones of History , p. 64.
- ↑ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. aue.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Aue, ... historical pictures, ... 19. Century , p. 45.
- ^ Aue, Mosaiksteine der Geschichte , pp. 92–93.
- ^ Studio and cinema history collection ( Memento from October 20, 2007 in the Internet Archive ), Filmmuseum Potsdam
- ^ History of the city of Aue. In: Structurae
- ^ Aue, mosaic stones of history , pp. 170/171.
- ^ Presentation of the events in Aue on May 8, 1945 ; Retrieved June 11, 2009
- ↑ Aue, Mosaiksteine der Geschichte , pp. 94–95.
- ^ Zweckverband Wasserwerke Westerzgebirge and Wasserwerke Westerzgebirge GmbH (ed.): The Auer Ring . December 19, 2007 (company newspaper "Blick").
- ^ History of the Curt Bauer company ( Memento from December 16, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Aue - 40 years of everyday life in the GDR , p. 39
- ↑ Aue, Mosaiksteine der Geschichte , p. 29/30 and p. 227ff
- ↑ Aue - 40 years of everyday life in the GDR , pp. 14/16
- ^ Siegfried Sieber: Festschrift for the 750th anniversary, ... , p. 20
- ↑ Aue, ... pictures of the 20s and 30s ..., p. 61ff
- ↑ Inventions from MV: “Artificial kidney” - Rostock initiatives ( Memento from September 4, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ), Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania culture portal
- ^ History of the Aue Zoo ( Memento from February 11, 2009 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on January 15, 2016.
- ^ Daily newspaper Freie Presse of October 6, 2008, calendar sheets - 45 years ago , p. 14
- ↑ Aue - 40 years of everyday life in the GDR , pp. 23 and 29
- ↑ Urban development concept for the district town of Aue, 2007 (PDF; 1.3 MB)
- ^ Aue, Mosaiksteine der Geschichte , pp. 38, 68, 73–75
- ↑ Information about the Auer City Library
- ↑ Details on the media inventory of the Auer City Library
- ↑ Aue - 40 years of everyday life in the GDR , pp. 124/125
- ↑ Cities of Grimma and Aue unsuccessful in the proceedings against the district reform. (No longer available online.) June 27, 2008, archived from the original on February 18, 2017 ; Retrieved on February 17, 2017 (press release of the Constitutional Court of the Free State of Saxony). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Report on floods in the Western Ore Mountains in the magazine Preß-Kurier .
- ↑ Eyewitness reports and private photos of Au residents
- ↑ Rumpelsbach should no longer cause damage. (No longer available online.) Schlettau-im-erzgebirge.de, November 24, 2007, archived from the original on January 15, 2016 ; accessed on January 15, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Local association Aue-Schwarzenberg of the THW
- ↑ Elvira raged in the Ore Mountains. Many places water and hail damage . In: Wochenspiegel from June 3, 2016.
- ^ City portal
- ↑ Website of the Helios Clinics ( Memento of the original from December 26, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Doctoral thesis by Michael Rademacher on "German Administrative History", City and District of Aue; on-line
- ↑ Homepages of the Evangelical and Catholic parishes in Aue
- ^ List of mayors in Aue . In: Lothar Walther: Aue and its town halls. On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the town hall . Printed by and published by Mike Rockstroh, Aue 2000.
- ↑ Aue, Mosaic Stones of History , p. 78
