Hamburg gymnastics club from 1816

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Hamburg gymnastics club from 1816
(HT 16)
Flag HT 16 in 1926.png
Club flag in 1926
founding 1816
Seat Hamburg
main emphasis Sports club
Chair André Nöbbe
Members 5,000 (2018)
Website www.ht16.de

The Hamburg gymnastics club from 1816 r. V. ( HT 16 for short ) is by its own account the oldest continuously existing general sports club in the world. There are only older rifle clubs, which originally did not aim at physical training, but to defend the place.

New construction of the HT-16 sports center on Sievekingdamm (construction status April 2019)

history

The HT 16 was created when Hamburg citizens also built a square in Hamburg based on the model of the gymnasium on Hasenheide in Berlin , which Friedrich Ludwig Jahn had built. It was also initiated on the initiative of Altona- based fencing instructor Gotthard Nicolai, who previously ran a gymnasium on "Cordsen's Platz", where the Ericusspitze Spiegel building is now, and Wilhelm Benecke, a Jahn student and Berlin banker's son, and his friend Karl Krutisch, a businessman from Berlin, was founded as the “Hamburgische Turnanstalt”. Wilhelm Benecke, who had found family accommodation with Christian Daniel Benecke during his commercial training , had set up a small gymnastics area in the garden in 1815 and did gymnastics with his friend Krutisch and 20 others in 1816 temporarily in the rented German pleasure garden , in the restaurant "Weißes Roß" and in the English riding stable .

"Hamburgische Turnanstalt" in the Johanniskirche

St. Johannis, lithograph by Peter Suhr , 1825

The gymnastics club began operations on September 2, 1816. First of all, gymnastics took place in the Johanniskirche rented in 1817 on the small Alster , which was desecrated by Napoleon's troops during the Hamburg French era . The inserted intermediate floor was used there, which gave rise to the term "gymnastics floor".

After the members of the military tone of the former hussar - Lieutenant displeased Nicolai, took Benecke 1818 Turn Institute and the St. John's Church from this because he personally reluctant Nicolai commercial interest. Before he returned to Berlin in April 1819, he created a democratic gymnastics order, which effectively turned the gymnasium into a club. At that time the HT had 16 166 members. Although Mayor Christian Daniel Benecke prevented the implementation of the gymnastics ban in Hamburg, the number of members then fell to 71. From January 1822, the members were represented by three assessors elected for a quarter. After the gymnastics ban was relaxed, there were 122 members again in 1824 after a previous up and down. A list of members by name was introduced for the first time in 1826.

From February 1828 it was no longer allowed to do gymnastics in the dilapidated Johanniskirche, whereupon the Hamburg Senate was asked to provide another gym.

Use of the Ericus gymnasium

On April 28, 1828, the Senate gave the gymnastics club a place with a 250 m² shed for winter gymnastics on the Groß-Ericus bastion of the former Hamburg ramparts based on an opinion from December 1827 by Friedrich Karl Kraft , the director of the Johanneum . A request from the citizens for the use of land in Bastion David between Lombard Bridge and Ferdinand Gate from May 1821 was previously rejected by the Senate on October 1, 1821 on the basis of an expert opinion by Johann Gottfried Gurlitt .

In June 1828, gymnastics began on the area allocated by the Senate. Due to the construction of a cholera barracks on the Ericus site, it was temporarily deserted in 1831; only seven members were doing gymnastics at that time. As part of the participation in the 25th anniversary celebration with torchlight procession of the first liberation of Hamburg on October 18, 1838, Karl Heinrich Schleiden gave the speech by the fire as a member of the gymnastics club. At the penultimate torchlight procession, on October 17, 1845, Ferdinand Kunhardt , who entered on May 29, 1833, gave the speech by the fire. At his request, the gymnastics council decided on January 3, 1846, letters of conduct were introduced. At the same meeting, it was decided to issue a power of attorney to Adolf Overweg , who had intended to attend the southern German gymnastics festival and represent the gymnastics community there since October 4, 1837. The seal with the four "Fs" of the German Gymnastics Association required for this was made by the Nathan brothers and procured on March 30, 1846. On June 29, 1847 it was decided to introduce staff exercises, on September 22, 1747 the gymnastics council meetings were made public. On November 11, 1847, cash auditors were elected for the first time , one of the two was August Bollmann, who later became gymnastics warden.

Turner Club (1838–1850), book collection, musical activity

On October 24, 1838, members of the gymnastics association, together with well-known artists and scholars, founded the so-called "Turner Club" within the HT 1816. The later HT 16 gymnastics supervisor Friedrich Glitza proposed the establishment . This was a regular discussion group on social issues. This sub-organization with rather "turn-passive" members existed until 1850 and comprised 200 members. One rather met in a discussion group and talked about social issues. The “Turner Club” reached its peak in 1841 under Glitza's chairmanship.

In February 1839, at the request of the "Turner Club" member Johann Friedrich Bendix (1811–1867), it was decided to set up a book collection . The book dealer Carl J. Romagnolo (1805–1853) was the first member to contribute to the collection with a donation of the two-part work Picture Hall of German Poetry by Follens (Winterthur 1828/29). On October 18, 1840, the first black, red and gold club flag of the Gymnastics Federation, given by Sophie Luise Keßler, née Schumacher, was consecrated during the main gymnastics on Groß-Ericus . It was the oldest German sports club flag. On September 2, 1841, the incumbent gymnastics supervisor Georg Thiel was presented with a silver cup for his 25-year membership, the drawings of which were made by the Hamburg artist Martin Gensler , who belonged to the "Turner Club" with his brothers Günther and Jacob Gensler .

Late in the evening of October 5 1841 singing members of the Turner of 1816 and the Hamburg Liedertafel in the presence of Hoffmann for the first time publicly the Song of Germany before Streit's Hotel in Hamburg, where Carl Theodor Welcker guested. On October 18, 1841, Glitza proposed the formation of a Turner Choral Society. The quartet was directed a week later by Johann Jacob Maegelin (1788–1875), August Bollmann, who later became gymnastics supervisor, and the harpist and organist (Johann) Nicolaus Schaller (1808–1865). On July 4, 1849 the Turner Liedertafel was donated.

Further development

After the Hamburg fire in 1842, the gymnasium was temporarily used by others. On June 26, 1846 were from Turnrat calisthenics decided. On 2/3 August of the same year, members of the club took part in the Great Gymnastics Festival in Heilbronn . In 1848 an armed gymnast corps with a strength of 101 men was founded under the leadership of August Bollmann - at that time a captain in the civil military - which began on May 15 of that year with drill exercises .

On the former Kaiserwiese

Membership development from 1819 to 1926

In 1848 it was decided to build a hall of its own. On October 15, 1848, by decree of the Senate, HT 16 was initially given the Kaiserwiese for ten years until " Michaelis " in 1858. The topping-out ceremony for the 630 m² hall was celebrated on October 13, 1849. The new hall was inaugurated on November 25, 1849 with a main gymnastics session.

With the entry into force of the new association laws passed on March 27th on April 1st, 1850, the meetings of the gymnastics, the general assembly and the pre-gymnastics were recorded separately. The association referred to itself for the first time as the "Hamburger Turnerschaft" and regarded itself formally as an association, even if it was not legally recognized as an association under the old law.

On June 12, 1853, the second flag of the German Gymnastics Association, presented by several women, was inaugurated with the gymnast's cross proposed in Heilbronn in 1846 . On October 7, 1854, the chairman of the association was elected for the first time by the general assembly of the gymnastics council members and was no longer determined by the gymnastics council; Bollmann was confirmed in office as gymnastics warden.

In 1858 the HT 16 got the area on the Kaiserwiese extended until 1863. To participate in the Schiller Festival procession on November 13, 1859 on the occasion of Friedrich Schiller's 100th birthday , the sculptor Ludwig Winck (1827–1866), member since March 30, 1842, created a bronze sculpture in the club hall, the head of which he donated to the gymnastics club in mid-1860 . The statue was placed at the end of the pageant. The bust was later placed in the gym.

In June 1860 they took part in the first German Gymnastics Festival in Coburg with 18 members and two former members. In 1861 the HT 16 had over 1,000 members. The 2nd German Gymnastics Festival was also attended by 20 members. At the same time, a commemorative celebration for gymnastics father Jahn took place on the own gymnastics field in Hamburg, in which around 1,000 gymnasts from Hamburg, Altona and the surrounding area took part. The erected Jahn bust remained in the hall of HT 16. During the general meeting of February 1862, a request was made to remove the mandatory “you” as a salutation among members from the association laws. This was requested again and again later, but always rejected. In 1863 they took part in the 3rd German Gymnastics Festival in Leipzig and in the autumn of that year the gym received a water pipe.

In 1864 the Senate left the Kaiserwiese for another 25 years, calculated from 1863. In 1866 the main hall was then enlarged to over 850 m including ancillary and boiler rooms. The plans for the extension were drawn up by the association's architects Christian Timmermann and Gustav Schrader (Chr. Timmermann & Co.). On May 10, 1866, when the Schiller monument was unveiled , it was worn in a leotard , which Julius Lippelt , a member since October 11, 1843, had modeled. In July, the first gymnastics commission was elected and in the same year Otto Beneke , member since 1870, member of the association until 1828, wrote as a commemoration on the 50th anniversary of the Hamburg gymnastics institute of 1816 - memories from the time of its creation and flourishing. In December, Johann Christian Wraske , a member since April 21, 1838, handed over a copy of the family-owned portrait of the founder Wilhelm Benecke, which Friedrich Carl Gröger had painted in the original in 1818. On September 1, 1867, he gave the gymnastics club another larger-than-life oil painting that he had painted depicting Jahn, the father of gymnastics. At the district gymnastics conference in Schwerin on August 22, 1969, the HT 16 was approved as an independent “Group 11b” outside of the previous “Hamburg” group.

The number of members grew to 1,500 by 1870. In March 1870, the boys' section was separated from the adults and separate laws were passed for both groups. In June the first official Whitsun trip took place, which was carried out annually from this time on. 20 members drove to Schaalsee the first time .

Only a few members of the gymnastics community took part in the IV General German Gymnastics Festival in Bonn in 1872 . In 1873 the annual report appeared for the first time in print. At the inauguration of the Hermann monument , the HT 16 was represented as the oldest German gymnastics club with four members who carried the club banner. At the 60th anniversary festival on September 2, 1876, Alten-Riegen and the “Association of Older Former and Current Members” were founded under the chairmanship of Bollmann. On October 9, 1877, the quartet “Fresh, Fromm, Froh, Frei”, named after the motto of the gymnastics club , was founded in the gymnastics club. In March 1878, part of the square was given back to the State of Hamburg, which built facilities there. In October 1879, Wraske presented his portrait of the gymnastics warden Gustav Gosewisch, who died in May of that year, to the gymnastics community.

Women's gymnastics around 1890

In 1880 the 244 German-American gymnasts were received, and a few days later the seven gymnasts from Milwaukee who took part in the 5th German Gymnastics Festival in Frankfurt am Main . Of the HT 16, 64 members took part in the event. On June 6, 1888, women and thus also girls were allowed to start exercising under the guidance of a gymnastics teacher.

The Kaiserwiese was used as a gymnastics area by the HT until the beginning of 1950, and the main gymnastics for the 100th anniversary in 1916 was also held there.

In the first "Jahnhalle"

old "Jahnhalle", 1901

In 1888, the Jahnhalle was built on Grosse Allee (today Adenauerhalle ) as a club gym with over 1,250 m² as the largest sports hall in Germany at the time. Women's gymnastics was now possible thanks to extended changing rooms . The number of members rose to 1,850 people. After the founding of the German Swimming Association in 1866, swimming also found several fans in the HT 16.

In 1898 the IX. German Gymnastics Federation of the Gymnastics Federation in Hamburg. In 1893 two more halls were added; the number of members grew to 3,300 in 1900. Additional areas with a total of 16,000 m² for athletics, gymnastics and ball games for the sports department founded in 1910 were acquired on Hornerweg and put into operation on September 1, 1912. On December 12, 1912, a regular bathing and swimming evening in the bathing establishment Lübecker Tor was decided, which was initially little used due to the lack of swimming facilities. On May 17, 1914, a separate swimming department was founded under the direction of Wilhelm Schumacher, which, due to the First World War , when many members were called in for military service, came to a standstill for almost five years shortly after it was founded. Some of the younger members stayed with the youth company during the war . At the beginning of the world war there were already almost 3,800 members.

Water polo player around 1926
Canoeists around 1926

After the end of the war, the general assembly on February 1, 1919 granted the women of HT 1816 membership rights and thus seats on the gymnastics council. The sports department of the Hamburg gymnastics club, founded in 1910, joined the St. George Football Club from 1895 to form the St. Georg der HT v. Sports association on March 27, 1919 . 1816 together. On June 18 of the same year the fencing department was founded and in the same year the youth group of the club, which later founded its own country home in Ardestorf . On September 14, 1919, the swimming department became a member of the German Swimming Association. On July 4th, 1920, the swimming department hosted the Gauschwimmfest des Sportgau I. In the winter of 1920/21 the focus was on non-swimmer training. The following winter water polo was added to the training program. The abolition of general conscription due to the Versailles Treaty also brought many new members who sought their balance in gymnastics. In 1921 there was such a strong increase in membership that it was decided at the end of 1922 to separate gymnastics and sport within the club. In this context, the federation formed in 1910 with the St. George Football Club was dissolved again on March 31, 1923, whereby the HT 16 also lost many members who only played sports.

In the first German city competition in the St. Pauli gym on Heiligengeistfeld , which the gymnasts from Leipzig also joined a year later , three 1816 gymnasts from the Hamburg gymnasts took part. On May 15, 1924, the swimming department resigned from the German Swimming Association due to the separation of sport from gymnastics, whereupon the majority of swimmers left the HT 16. Nevertheless, the water sports department , which was founded on April 7, 1922 and shortly thereafter incorporated into the German Canoe Association , was soon successfully built up. After winning the title as Gaumeister Groß-Hamburg in August 1924, the water polo team became German water polo champions at the swimming festival of the German Gymnastics Association in 1925 in Frankfurt am Main .

Fuhlsbüttel external department at the gymnastics game around 1926

In 1926, HT 16 had four men's gymnastics departments, five gymnastics departments each for women, boys and girls and an additional mixed external department in Fuhlsbüttel . In addition to the classic types of gymnastics according to Jahn (including playing , hiking and fencing), swimming in the water as well as water sports , tennis (from July 18, 1922, the new facility in Hammer Park was also used; inclusion in the German Tennis Association in 1924 ), Fistball , handball , soccer (introduced in the club in 1924), batting and other sports.

In 1927/28 the hall was renovated and expanded and the association grew to almost 4,900 members. In terms of performance, the HT 16 had the largest share in the Hamburg art gymnastics city team in 1928. On 30./31. March 1929 there was an impressive gymnastics show of the Hamburg gymnastics association in the Concertgebouw in Amsterdam . In Billstedt , the association acquired another 36,000 m² plot of land in 1931 and exceeded the number of members of 5,000 as the largest association in Germany at the time.

The old Jahnhalle, confiscated for war purposes in 1939, was bombed out during World War II in 1942.

Post-war period and second "Jahnhalle"

HT 16- "Jahnhalle" on Sievekingdamm (demolished in 2019)
HT 16 gym (demolished in 2019)

In post-war Germany the ruins of the old Jahnhalle were used to accommodate the homeless and the HT 16, which no longer had its own sports facilities, managed by training in schools and at neighboring clubs. With the old club flag, the banner of the German Gymnastics Federation was consecrated in Hamburg in 1953, the year when the German Gymnastics Festival was held again and again increased to 2,000 members. As early as 1954, a new tennis facility was built in Hamburg-Hamm .

In 1959, under the chairmanship of Hans Reip, the new Jahnhalle in Horn was inaugurated for a sum of millions and there were again more than 2,400 members. In 1968 a branch in Querkamp followed and the company grew to over 5,000 members.

In October 1971, Hans-Georg Ilker, then deputy and later club chairman, founded the first sports group in Germany specifically for heart attack endings in the HT 16.

In the 1980s, the club had more than 8,550 members, making it one of the five largest sports clubs in Germany at that time . In May 1993 the HT 16 again hosted the 37th German Gymnastics Festival.

In 1991, on the occasion of its 175th anniversary, the Hamburg Gymnastics Association and Dresdner Bank presented the traveling exhibition "Sport in Germany - from gymnastics father Jahn to the present". Dr. Wilfried Sohl (Dresdner Bank) and Dr. Hans-Georg Ilker (Hamburger Turnerschaft) welcomed the more than 300 guests, including Senator Werner Hackmann and Hans Hansen, President of the German Sports Confederation. Under the scientific direction of Prof. Dr. Horst Ueberhorst and Dr. Gerhard Reckendorf from the Ruhr University Bochum had compiled this detailed history of gymnastics and sports.

In 2011 the association ran into financial difficulties and, after review, had 4,300 members. Today the HT 16 is a general sports club with (as of 2018) 5,000 members, which is based in the districts of Hamm , Horn and Billstedt and with the sports and leisure center on Sievekingdamm , the Öjendorf sports park and the HT 16 fitness studio, three large ones owns its own facilities.

Association chairperson

image Surname designation from ... to born died Remarks
(Johann) Wilhelm Benecke Gymnast 00Foundation - April 1st, 1819 September 19, 1797,
Berlin		 December 9, 1827,
Schmiedeberg 		Founder of HT 16; Son of Etienne Benecke (1768–1806), co-founder of the Benecke brothers' banking house ; After a one-year stay in Prague, came to Hamburg in 1815, where he did his commercial training with Christian Daniel Benecke , and later became a partner in the bank
Friedrich Johannes Frommann.jpg Friedrich Johannes Frommann Gymnast 00April 1, 1819 - June 15, 1820 9 Aug 1797,
Züllichau 		June 6, 1886,
Jena 		previously instructor; later publisher, bookseller, politician
Georg Heinrich Monch Gymnast ① June 15, 1820
- March 29, 1821 ② March 1823 - 1824		 Jan. 5, 1797,
Hamburg		 Jul 15, 1847
 		 previously instructor; Businessman, later authorized signatory at Christ. Math.Schroeder & Co.
Eduard Bülau Gymnast ① March 29, 1821 - July
5, 1821 ② September 27, 1822 - March 1823		 April 24, 1802,
Hamburg		 20th of July. 1871
 		 oldest of the three Bülau brothers, previously instructor; later doctorate in law, actuary at the lower court
Stephan, origin. Etienne Benecke Gymnast 00March 29, 1822 - March 1823 June 20, 1800,
Berlin		 Apr 21, 1877,
Mexico 		Brother of W. Benecke, businessman, partner in the Benecke Brothers banking house from 1822 London, later Mexico, German consul
Franz Bülau Gymnast 001824 - March 1826 Feb. 4, 1806,
Hamburg		 Jun 26, 1879
 		 youngest Bülau brother; later Dr. phil, founder of the teaching institute
Georg (e) Thiel Gymnast ① March 1826 -?
② 1833 or `34 - 10.10.1846		 October 1, 1846,
Hamburg		 May 28, 1870
 		 Founding member and instructor; Official at the average statement - Kontor
Ferdinand Bülau Gymnast 00approx. 1826/27 Oct 26, 1804
 		 Sep 18 1879
 		 middle Bülau brothers; later an insurance broker, in 1838 founder of today's Ferdinand Bülau KG
Ernst Ferdinand Mutzenbecher Gymnast 00? - May 1828 December 18, 1805,
Brockel 		April 18, 1848,
Hamburg		 came to Hamburg as a child, merchant, from May 1828 in Peru , Hamburg consul in Lima (1836–1838), then in Valparaíso ( Chile ; 1839–1841), last gymnastics warden in the Johanniskirche
Carl Goecke Gymnast 00May 1828 - 1833 or `` 34 May 28, 1802,
Lübeck 		March 5, 1852,
Hamburg		 himself. businessman
Friedrich Glitza Gymnast 0010.10.1846 - 29.9.1849 Jan. 10, 1813,
Hamburg		 Sep 24 1897,
Hamburg		 also Turner, already acted as Amann under Thiel , responsible. for the acquisition of the gymnasium in St. Georg ; later educator, politician
Theodor de la Camp Gymnast 0009/29/1849 - 10/4/1851 Jan. 12, 1818,
Hamburg		 May 4, 1888
Hamburg		 joined March 22, 1840; under him the first gym was built on the Kaiserwiese, redesign the club; responsible for the first constitution ; Merchant
August Bollmann Gymnast 00October 7, 1851 - April 16, 1859 February 9, 1811,
Hamburg		 March 7, 1884,
Hamburg		 Member since Dec. 13, 1837; full-time Candle maker , from 1859 in Harburg , where he was among other things co-founder of the Harburg gymnastics association in 1858 and mayor; Bollmann was the first chairman who was no longer elected by the gymnastics council, but by the general assembly; his grandson was Paul Bollmann. At first he was composed of the gymnastics supervisor and the preliminary exercises; later came the Obersäckelmeister , the witness master and the clerk as well as the assessors .
Fritz Louis Nirrnheim Gymnast ① April 16, 1859 - September
29, 1866 ② June 29, 1879 - 1886		 4th Sep 1830,
Hamburg		 December 16, 1906,
Hamburg		 Member since October 9, 1847, lecturer from 1851; ran a private secondary school in St. Georg, member of the Hamburg parliament ; Father of Hans Nirrnheim
Gustav (Ludwig Gottlieb) Gosewisch Gymnast 0029.9.1866 - 27.5.1879 May 24, 1839,
Hamburg		 May 27, 1879.
Hamburg		 Member since July 21, 1859, since September 27, 1862 member of the gymnastics council, appointed the first specialist gymnastics teacher of the men's gymnastics department
Ludwig Lambert around 1926.png Ludwig Lambert Turn attendant, then president ① 1879 - 1892
②? - Dec. 1906
③ 1907 -?		 Jul 15, 1853
 		 ? Member since 1871, on the Turnrat since April 30, 1878; previously from 1879 Turnwartsammann
Otto Schliack Chairman 00October 1, 1931 - April 30, 1945 26 Aug 1880,
Cottbus		 June 16, 1960,
Hamburg		 Student councilor, textbook author
Willi Wageringel Chairman 00May 1, 1945 - May 13, 1946 Jul 6, 1889
 		 Nov 29, 1973
 		 Insurance salesman
Alfred Sanders Chairman 00May 14, 1946 - December 1, 1952 31. May. 1889
 		 Dec. 1, 1952
 		 Merchant
Hans Reip Chairman 001952 - April 26, 1974 March 29, 1906
 		 Jan. 11, 1984
 		 previously deputy chairman from 1949, later honorary chairman for life; Export and publishing merchant, journalist, author
Hans-Georg Ilker Chairman 001974-1992 1926
 		 Apr 14, 1995
 		 previously Deputy Chairman; also internist and sports medicine specialist
Hans-Jürgen Kopka Chairman 001992-2000 Jan. 18, 1941,
Hamburg		 Football referee
Sven Dahlgaard Chairman 002000 - May 24, 2013 1954 Social pedagogue, including regional director of the Hamburg youth welfare office, then social space manager in Bergedorf
André Nöbbe Chairman 00since May 24, 2013 March 16, 1974,
Hamburg		 previously CFO in the association; Banker, financial advisor for Deutsche Bank

sports

The Hamburg gymnastics association from 1816 offers the following sports today (as of October 2011):

as well as swimming , triathlon and special offers for seniors and children.

Other well-known functionaries and athletes

(for other well-known club members see category: Person (Hamburger Turnerschaft from 1816) )

Literature (selection)

Non-fiction

  • Hamburger Turnerschaft von 1816 (Ed.): Festschrift for the centenary on September 2nd and 3rd, 1916 , Hamburg 1916.
  • Günther Warnholtz / Walter Hampel: 1816- 1991- The Chronicle- 175 years of gymnastics and sports history of the Hamburg gymnastics association from 1816 r. V. , Hamburg 1992. (Self-published by the author)
  • Hans-Jürgen Schulke (Ed.): When clubs got moving - a fascinating journey through time through sport , Göttingen 2016.

Magazines

  • HT-16-Spiegel - Club news of the Hamburg gymnastics club from 1816.
earlier:
  • The friendly one. Organ of the committee for the friendly get-togethers of the Hamburg gymnastics union from 1816 (first published on November 24, 1876)

See also

Web links

Commons : Hamburger Turnerschaft von 1816  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

References and footnotes

  1. ↑ a b HT16.de: The HT16 - My association!
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Hans-Jürgen Schulke: The founding years of the oldest gymnastics club: In search of space. In: Christian Becker, Bernd Wedemeyer-Kolwe , Angelika Wolters: History of gymnastics in Northern Germany. LIT Verlag Münster, 2010, p. 82 ff. ISBN 3-643-13821-0 ( limited preview in the Google book search)
  3. ↑ a b NDR.de: HT 16: From military training to Zumba (accessed: August 13, 2017)
  4. ^ Karl Krutisch (born March 30, 1797 in Berlin; † July 8, 1832 in Hamburg), son of the Berlin businessman Philipp Krutisch and Johanna Friederike Henriette, née Rähmel; active as a businessman in Hamburg since 1815; Mecklenburg Commercial Council ; married to Benedicta, née Klünder (⚭ May 6, 1819)
  5. ↑ Our 200 year history: September. Hamburg gymnastics club from 1816.
  6. ^ Abendblatt.de: Abendblatt-Sport-Fibel article in the Hamburger Abendblatt from September 15, 1954
  7. ↑ Dennis Betzholz: Hamburger Turnerschaft: Between tradition, zeitgeist and economy . In: THE WORLD . April 7, 2016 ( welt.de [accessed October 23, 2017]).
  8. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Carl Heitmann: Timeline of the history of the Hamburg gymnastics association from 1816: 1816 - 1882. Autumn, Hamburg, 1883. ( online )
  9. ↑ Abendblatt.de: Hamburger Turnerschaft 1816 has anniversary - One and a half centuries in the service of sport Article in the Hamburger Abendblatt from September 2nd, 1966
  10. ↑ Elfriede Lange: School days. In: St.Georger Klönschnack. Telling contemporary witnesses. Heard and experienced things from back then. History workshop St. Georg, 2004, p. 31. ( gw-stgeorg.de PDF).
  11. ↑ Ina Bredehöft: Historical district tour . In: Childhood in St. Georg 100 years ago and today. A historical tour of the district. History workshop St. Georg, March 2004, p. 4 ff. ( Gw-stgeorg.de PDF).
  12. ↑ a b c d e Festschrift for the 110th Foundation Festival. Hamburg gymnastics club from 1816 ( digitized by the Hamburg State and University Library Carl von Ossietzky ).
  13. ^ Preliminary report in: Hamburger Nachrichten of March 13, 1929 theeuropeanlibrary.org ;
    Follow-up report in: Hamburger Nachrichten of April 2, 1929 theeuropeanlibrary.org .
  14. ^ Abendblatt.de: Abendblatt-Sport-Fibel article in the Hamburger Abendblatt from September 15, 1954.
  15. ^ Abendblatt.de: Neue Jahn-Halle inaugurates article in Hamburger Abendblatt from April 6, 1959.
  16. ↑ Our 200 year history: October. Hamburg gymnastics club from 1816.
  17. ↑ Sport instead of lying down cures after a heart attack In: Hamburger Abendblatt April 8, 1972.
  18. ↑ Find the connection. Der Spiegel , September 25, 1978, accessed on April 18, 2017 .
  19. ↑ Werner Sonntag : "You can still walk ..." Die Zeit , June 23, 1978, accessed on April 18, 2017 .
  20. ↑ Abendblatt.de: 175 years HT16 article in the Hamburger Abendblatt of 19 April 1991st
  21. ↑ a b Renate Hauschild-Thiessen: Wilhelm and Etienne Benecke. From the beginnings of the Hamburg gymnastics association in 1816. In: Hamburgische Geschichts- und Heimatblätter , 11 (1985), VHG , pp. 159–173. ( online )
  22. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q The gymnastics center of the Hamburg gymnastics union from 1816. In: Das Turnen. Festival for the centenary of the Hamburg gymnastics club v. 1816 on Sept. 2, 1916. Hamburg Regional Association for Youth Care (Ed.), Hamburg 1916, p. 43 ff. ( Online )
  23. ^ Benecke, Etienne (Stephan) (1800-1877). Database entry of the Klassik Stiftung Weimar .
  24. ^ Bülau, Franz (school and boarding house of Dr. Franz Bülau). Entry in the German Digital Library ; also known as Bülau'sche Schule , see Kai Robert Möller: Adolph Goldschmidt 1863–1944. Memories of life . Deutscher Verlag für Kunstwissenschaft , 1989, p. 24 ff. ISBN 978-3-87157-138-1 ( limited preview in Google book search)
  25. ↑ Complete archive records of the HT16 were not available when they were created in 1916 for the period from March 1826 to May 1828
  26. ^ The Dispache-Kontor was closed in April 1924; compare. Do you speak Hamburgisch? Episode 1591, Hamburger Abendblatt.
  27. ^ About Bülau on the Ferdinand Bülau KG website.
  28. ↑ "Dr. Hans H. Völckers: August Bollmann, the first gymnastics pioneer Harburg. In: Harburger Jahrbuch, 1909, pp. 65-66. ( Limited preview in Google book search)
  29. ↑ see also entry on Ferdinand Bülau
  30. ↑ Otto Nirrnheim: The conflict in Prussia and the appeal of Bismarck in public opinion. C. Winter, 1907, p. VII.
  31. ↑ Hamburg State Calendar for the year 1877. Nestler & Melle, 1877, pp. 14, 67, 70.
  32. ↑ a b Our 200 year history: April. Hamburg gymnastics club from 1816.
  33. ↑ a b HT 16 leadership in new hands. Hamburg Gymnastics Association from 1816, June 5, 2013.
  34. ^ Anne K. Strickstrock: "Young people need protection". Sven Dahlgaard wants more innovations instead of institutions - and is taking early retirement. Bergedorfer Zeitung , March 21, 2015.
  35. ^ André Nöbbe. Deutsche Bank; accessed on August 16, 2018.
  36. ↑ Our 200 year history: December. Hamburg gymnastics club from 1816.
  37. ↑ Our 200 year history: August. Hamburg gymnastics club from 1816.
  38. ↑ Our 200 year history: June. Hamburg gymnastics club from 1816.