Krčmaň

Krčmaň
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Olomoucký kraj
District :	Olomouc
Area :	498 ha
Geographic location :	49 ° 31 '  N , 17 ° 20'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 31 '8 "  N , 17 ° 20' 28"  E
Height:	223  m nm
Residents :	469 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code :	772 00
License plate :	M.
traffic
Street:	Olomouc - Přerov
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	1
administration
Mayor :	Zdeněk Jančo (as of 2011)
Address:	Kokorská 163 779 00 Krčmaň
Municipality number:	552437
Website :	www.krcman.cz

Krčmaň ( German  Krtschman , 1939–1945 Kretschmann ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located ten kilometers southeast of Olomouc and belongs to the Okres Olomouc .

geography

Krčmaň is located at the western foot of the Tirschitzer hill country (Tršická pahorkatina) on the Loučka river in the Upper Moravian Depression (Hornomoravský úval) . The state road I / 55 between Přerov and Olomouc runs through the village . To the north rises the Chlum (344 m), in the east the Hůry (280 m) and in the northwest the Chrást and the Horka. To the west of the village runs the Olomouc - Přerov railway line, behind which the Království (King's Forest) alluvial forest extends .

Neighboring towns are Velký Týnec , Čechovice and Hostkovice in the north, Přestavlky in the northeast, Suchonice in the east, Nelešovice , Čelechovice and Kokory in the southeast, Mladý Kaláb, Hráza, Majetín and Brodek u Přerova in the south, Dub nad Moravou , Tučapy and Bolelou in the south-west Čertoryje, Drahlov and Charváty in the west and Horka and Grygov in the northwest.

history

The first written mention of Czrikzeman took place in 1252. From 1266 the village was named Kyrchman , 1361 as Kirczmans , 1364 as Kyrczman , from 1399 as Krczman , from 1412 as Krčmany , from 1414 as Krczman , Krcžman or Krtzman and from 1515 as Krčman called. Limestone has been mined on the Grygover Flur on the Horka since 1513, and in 1543 the city of Olomouc opened a lime kiln there. Several small limestone quarries were also operated on the adjacent northern slope of the Chrást, in which different owners only extracted building blocks. The registers have been kept in Velký Týnec since 1662. The first chapel was built in 1708. In 1721 a major fire destroyed twelve houses. A new limestone quarry was built on the south side of the Chrást in the 19th century. In 1841 the railway line from Olomouc to Prerau was completed, but there was no railway station near Krčmaň. Krčmaň belonged to the Olomouc Chapter's possessions for a long time and remained subject to it until the middle of the 19th century.

After the abolition of patrimonial Krčmany / Krczman formed from 1850 a municipality in the district administration of Olomouc. In 1863 30 houses, the chapel and 15 barns burned down. As the official German name of the municipality, Krtschman and Krčman were used alternatively from 1869 . The schoolhouse was built in 1871. The official Czech place name was changed in 1893 to Krčmaň . The volunteer fire brigade was also formed in 1893. When, after 1897, the limestone quarries on the Horka to supply the Hrůza & Rosenberg cement factory in Rolsberg near Olomouc were connected to the Grygov loading station via a narrow-gauge railway, the break on the Chrást was also connected to the 600 mm Route. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Strejčkův lom, a second limestone quarry, arose on the southern flank of the Chrást in the immediate vicinity of the old quarry, which was abandoned before the First World War. Between 1910 and 1911, Hrůza & Rosenberg had a narrow-gauge railway built from Rolsberg to the limestone quarries on Horka and Chrást. From 1921 the municipality belonged to the Okres Olomouc-venkov. During the Great Depression, the Strejčkův lom was shut down and only operated on request until 1946. During the German occupation , the community received the German place name Kretschmann . In 1950 the community came to Okres Olomouc-okolí and since its abolition in 1961 it has belonged to Okres Olomouc. The Strejčkův lom was connected to the Betra Grygov company in 1956, which from then on transported the stone pulled from the quarry using dumpers to Grygov. In the years 1956 to 1958 the construction of the municipal office, into which a syringe house was integrated, took place. In 1962, the Strejčkův lom, the last limestone quarry on the Chrást, was shut down. In 1976 Krčmaň was incorporated into Velký Týnec. Since 1990 Krčmaň has formed its own municipality again.

Krčmaň has had a coat of arms and a banner created by the heraldist Velebný since 1999. It shows a silver shield with three red cones on the ground. A pasque flower in a natural color grows on each of the cones.

Explosives attack and the "Krčmaň" case

At the end of 1947, the place gained nationwide attention due to the perfume box affair (krabičková aféra) . In the unsuccessful package bomb attack of September 10, 1947 on three non-communist ministers of the Klement Gottwald I government Petr Zenkl , Jan Masaryk and Prokop Drtina using three wooden perfume boxes filled with Tritol, it turned out that the packages had been sent from a village near Olomouc. After it became known that the carpenter Jan Kopka had made hints about the "perfume" in the inn and a little later the chairman of the Local National Committee (MNV), Josef Štěpánek, had noticed by posting a statement with strange content, the ČSNS - MEP Vladimír Krajina initiate an investigation into this. Štěpánek fled and was eventually arrested. In the end it turned out that the bombs had been manufactured and dispatched by the carpenter Kopka by order of the Olomouc Regional Secretariat of the KSČ , the explosives had been obtained by the KSČ member Jura Sosnar-Honzák . In November 1947, Sosnar-Honzák's immunity was lifted and he was arrested as the initiator. It is likely that the order was placed directly by the then Olomouc KSČ area secretary, Gottwald's son-in-law Alexej Čepička . The further course of the investigations was overshadowed by the February revolution . The trial was completed in March 1948 and all of the accused were released. The communists then declared the matter to be a provocation by the ČSNS directed against the KSČ and launched a show trial against the Olomouc ČSNS deputies Zdeněk Marjanko, František Doležel, František Kolava and other parties involved in the proceedings.

Community structure

No districts are shown for the municipality of Krčmaň.

Attractions

• Branch Church of St. Florian, built in 1865 in place of the chapel that burned down in 1863
• Baroque statue of St. Anthony of Padua, on the slope south of the village, created in 1756
• Cyril and Method Cross, it is said to have been erected at the time of Christianization
• Stone cross, at a crossroads northwest of the village, created in 1794
• Atonement cross from 1910, in the fields 500 m west of the village
• Calvary column
• Wayside shrine
• Cast iron cross
• Limestone quarries on the Horka and Chrást hills, documented since 1513
• U bílých hlin natural monument , grass steppe on Chrást
• Natural Monument U Strejčková lomu , grassland in an old limestone quarry at Chrást, here as in the U bílých hlin there are populations of the Moravica designated special variety of the Great Pasque , which only occurs also limestone and serpentinite
• Alluvial forest area Království , protected as a nature reserve since 1995
• Royal Oak ( Král dub ), west of the village on the edge of the Royal Forest, the approximately 500-year-old stately tree is protected as a tree monument

Web links

• History of the Grygov lime works, the limestone quarries on the Horka and Chrást rivers and the Hrůza & Rosenberg cement works
• Perfume box affair
• "Krčmaň" case

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/552437/Krcman
2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
3. ↑ Místopisný rejstřík obcí českého Slezska a severní Moravy (p. 280) ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 2.2 MB)