Freital district
| Basic data (as of 1990) | |
|---|---|
| Existing period: | 1952-1990 |
| District : | Dresden |
| Administrative headquarters : | Freital |
| Area : | 313.66 km² |
| Residents: | 78,318 (Dec 13, 1989) |
| Population density: | 250 inhabitants per km² |
| License plate : | RI, RJ, YO (1974-1990) |
| Basic territorial key : | 1205 |
| Postcodes : | 8201-8229 |
| Circle structure: | 24 municipalities , including 4 cities |
| Location of the district in the GDR | |
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| coat of arms | Germany map | |
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Coordinates: 51 ° 1 ′ N , 13 ° 39 ′ E |
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| Basic data (as of 1994) | ||
| Existing period: | 1990-1994 | |
| State : | Saxony | |
| Administrative region : | Dresden | |
| Administrative headquarters : | Freital | |
| Area : | 308.58 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 74,446 (Jun 30, 1994) | |
| Population density : | 241 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| License plate : | FTL | |
| Circle key : | 14 0 26 | |
| Circle structure: | 18 parishes | |
| Address of the district administration: |
Lutherstrasse 22 01705 Freital |
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| District Administrator : | Rudolf Polley ( CDU ) | |
| Location of the Freital district in Saxony | ||
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The Freital district was a district in the Dresden district of the GDR . From 1990 to 1994 it existed as the district of Freital in the Free State of Saxony . His area is now in the Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains district . The seat of the district administration was in Freital .
geography
location
Located on the northern edge of the Osterzgebirge, the Freital district was southwest of the district capital Dresden . The circle Freital bordered clockwise in the northern part starting from the districts Meissen , Dresden-Land , urban district Dresden, Pirna , Dippoldiswalde and Freiberg .
Landscape and natural space
In the south and south-west the northern foothills of the Eastern Ore Mountains extend into the former district area. In this flat, undulating, predominantly wooded landscape, the mountain tops reach heights of 350 to 400 m. Coming from the Eastern Ore Mountains, the Wilde and Rote Weißeritz have cut their way into this plateau. The Rabenauer Grund , a charming valley section of the Rote Weißeritz near Rabenau, has been a nature reserve since 1961. Both rivers unite below the Rabenauer Grund to form the Weißeritz , whose valley soon widens to the Döhlen basin . This is where the city of Freital is located. The Tharandt Forest , a protected landscape area, extends to the south-west and is an important local recreation area for the population of Dresden. Favored by the good soil conditions, this extensive forest area is characterized by particularly magnificent mixed forest stands.
To the east, the Erzgebirge area drops off with a clear step towards the Dresden Elbe valley widening into which the eastern district area extended. In the north and northwest of the former district area, on the other hand, the terrain merges barely noticeably into the central Saxon loess hill country with heights of around 300 m. Here arable land on fertile soils determine the landscape.
history
Education and development
The Freital district was created in the course of the district reforms in the GDR on July 25, 1952. Two thirds of the communities came from the old district of Dresden . The district was assigned to the newly formed Dresden district . The town of Freital became the district seat. However, the Freital district only received the final layout on December 4, 1952. The following districts, created in 1939 during the Nazi dictatorship from the old Saxon authorities, contributed to the formation of the district with their communities:
- 12 municipalities from the Dippoldiswalde district :
- Bärenklause-Kautzsch, Börnchen b. Possendorf, Gombsen, Karsdorf, Kleincarsdorf, Kreischa, Lungkwitz, Oelsa, Possendorf, Quohren, Spechtritz and Theisewitz.
- 33 municipalities from the district of Dresden :
- Babisnau, Bannewitz, Braunsdorf b. Tharandt, Dorfhain, Fördergersdorf, Freital, Gaustritz, Golberode, Goppeln, Grillenburg, Grumbach, Hainsberg, Hänichen, Herzogswalde, Kauscha, Kesselsdorf, Kleinnaundorf b. Dresden, Kleinopitz, Klingenberg, Hartha health resort, Lübau, Oberhermsdorf, Obernaundorf, Pesterwitz, Pohrsdorf, Rabenau, Rippien, Saalhausen b. Freital, Sobrigau, Somsdorf, Tharandt, Weißig and Wurgwitz.
- 3 municipalities from the district of Meißen :
- Helbigsdorf, Kaufbach and Wilsdruff.
- as well as two communities from the Freiberg district (Colmnitz, Mohorn) and one community from the Pirna district (Borthen).
The seat of the district office was the town hall of Döhlen , in which the city of Freital was founded in 1921 and which was also the seat of the city administration. Other institutions in the district moved into older buildings or buildings erected during the Weimar period in the Georg-Palitzsch-Hof , or they were later given new buildings. In 1990 the health department moved into the previous district office of the MfS on Wilsdruffer Straße (today the Eder brickworks site).
On May 17, 1990, the district was renamed the Freital district on the basis of the new municipal constitution of the GDR . As part of the re-establishment of the Free State of Saxony and the German reunification the district through which was ländereinführungsgesetz part of the federal state of Saxony.
In 1990, a partnership with the Zollernalb district in Baden-Württemberg was established. On January 1, 1991, the Freital district was subordinated to the Dresden administrative district, which roughly corresponded to the Dresden district in the GDR.
During the district reform of Saxony in 1994/1996 , the Freital district merged with the Dippoldiswalde district to form the Weißeritz district, without the municipality of Borthen and initially without the city of Wilsdruff .
Territory changes
Due to changes in the municipal area and reorganizations across district boundaries, the number of municipalities fell to 24 in 1990:
- December 4, 1952: Blankenstein and Limbach were reclassified from the Meißen district to the Freital district
- December 4, 1952: Mohorn is reclassified from the Freiberg district to the Freital district
- January 1, 1957: Gaustritz is incorporated into Golberode
- June 20, 1957: incorporation of Babisnau into Bärenklause-Kautzsch
- April 1, 1959: incorporation of Golberode and Kauscha in Goppeln
- January 1, 1964: Hainsberg is incorporated into the city of Freital
- January 1, 1970: incorporation of Börnchen b. Possendorf in Possendorf
- January 2nd, 1971: Karsdorf is incorporated into Oelsa
- January 2nd, 1971: Quohren incorporated into Kreischa
- January 1, 1972: Hänichen is incorporated into Rippien
- January 1, 1973: Fördergersdorf and Grillenburg incorporated into Hartha
- January 1, 1973: Kaufbach is incorporated into the city of Wilsdruff
- January 1, 1973: incorporation of Kleinopitz and Oberhermsdorf in Braunsdorf
- January 1, 1973: Lungkwitz and Theisewitz are incorporated in Kreischa
- January 1, 1973: incorporation of Saalhausen into the city of Freital
- March 1, 1973: Spechtritz is incorporated into the town of Rabenau
- October 7, 1973: Gombsen and Kleincarsdorf are incorporated into Kreischa
- January 1, 1974: Blankenstein is incorporated into Helbigsdorf
- January 1, 1974: Herzogswalde is incorporated into Mohorn
- January 1, 1974: Limbach is incorporated into the city of Wilsdruff
- January 1, 1974: Lübau and Obernaundorf are incorporated into the town of Rabenau
- January 1, 1974: incorporation of Kleinnaundorf, Somsdorf, Weißig and Wurgwitz into the city of Freital
Population development
The following tables show the development of the population in the district. For the period from 1939 to 1950, the values are based on estimates and totaling of the population of the communities that became part of the district in 1952. From 1990 onwards, the information relates to the Freital district created in May. The data come from the Statistical Yearbook of the German Democratic Republic or the information from the State Statistical Office of Saxony .
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Since it was founded in 1952, the population of the district has decreased almost continuously. Only from 1964 to 1965 could an increase in population be achieved. On August 31, 1950, about 110,300 people lived in what was later to become the district area. Five years later there were 107,500. The Freital district fell below the limit of 100,000 inhabitants on December 31, 1962. At that time, 99,485 people lived in the district area. After the brief weakening of the population decline in the mid-1960s, the district soon lost more than 800 and sometimes more than 1200 inhabitants per year. In 1974, 1,700 fewer people lived in the Freital district than in the previous year. At the end of 1975 the district had fewer than 90,000 inhabitants for the first time, and in 1988 fewer than 80,000 inhabitants for the first time. The official population as of December 31, 1989 was 78,318 people living in the district, four years later it was 73,853.
Administrative division
In 1990 the 24 municipalities of the Freital district came to the re-established Free State of Saxony. These were:
| AGS | local community | Residents (Oct. 3, 1990) |
Population (December 31, 1990) |
Area (Dec. 31, 1990, ha) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14026010 | Bärenklause-Kautzsch | 256 | 251 | 319 |
| 14026020 | Bannewitz | 3,340 | 3,340 | 829 |
| 14026050 | Borthen | 545 | 548 | 507 |
| 14026060 | Braunsdorf | 1,501 | 1,493 | 592 |
| 14026070 | Colmnitz | 1,653 | 1,652 | 1,632 |
| 14026080 | Village grove | 1,254 | 1,250 | 625 |
| 14026100 | Freital , city | 40,288 | 40,033 | 3,785 |
| 14026120 | Goppeln | 645 | 637 | 663 |
| 14026140 | Grumbach | 1,244 | 1,270 | 1,567 |
| 14026160 | Hartha health resort | 2,288 | 2,284 | 5,062 |
| 14026170 | Helbigsdorf | 575 | 574 | 1,244 |
| 14026210 | Kesselsdorf | 631 | 626 | 388 |
| 14026250 | Klingenberg | 1,383 | 1,399 | 573 |
| 14026260 | Kreischa | 3,222 | 3,199 | 2,317 |
| 14026300 | Mohorn | 2,001 | 1,959 | 2,066 |
| 14026330 | Oelsa | 1,696 | 1,691 | 1,720 |
| 14026340 | Pesterwitz | 1,192 | 1,183 | 269 |
| 14026350 | Pohrsdorf | 322 | 320 | 317 |
| 14026360 | Possendorf | 1,902 | 1,885 | 839 |
| 14026380 | Rabenau , city | 3,048 | 3,036 | 1,352 |
| 14026390 | Ribs | 1,027 | 1,022 | 437 |
| 14026410 | Sobrigau | 223 | 221 | 261 |
| 14026440 | Tharandt , city | 2,555 | 2,566 | 1,745 |
| 14026470 | Wilsdruff , city | 3,863 | 3,809 | 2,255 |
| 14026 | Freital district | 76,654 | 76,248 | 31,366 |
In the meantime, only the communities Wilsdruff, Freital, Kreischa, Bannewitz, Rabenau, Tharandt, Dorfhain and parts of Klingenberg still exist in the former area of the district.
Economy and Infrastructure
Freital belonged to the industrial districts on the edge of the conurbation Upper Elbe Valley , whose core was the city of Dresden . The focus of the economy was in the heavy industry of the city of Freital. The center of stainless steel production was the VEB Edelstahlwerk “8. May 1945 ” . In addition, products for mechanical engineering, the camera, glass, porcelain, paper, textile, leather, furniture and construction industries were manufactured in Freital. The formerly important coal mining industry was discontinued in 1959. Glasses, furniture, vehicle and transport machines were manufactured in Wilsdruff, while housings for televisions were made in Tharandt. The economic life of the city of Rabenau was determined by the traditional seating furniture industry. In the southern district, in the Eastern Ore Mountains, tourism and local recreation were important. Kurort Hartha bei Tharandt, Tharandt itself, Grillenburg, Mohorn and Rabenau were popular resorts. Agriculture shaped the economic life in the northwest. Grain was grown and cattle was also farmed here.
The district had good transport links through the Eisenach – Bautzen motorway , which touched the district in the north , through the F 173 , which led from Karl-Marx-Stadt to Dresden, and the F 170 transit route from Dresden to the ČSSR . Freital, Tharandt as well as Klingenberg and Colmnitz were on the Karl-Marx-Stadt – Dresden railway line . By the beginning of the 1970s, significant parts of the district were also developed with the narrow-gauge railways Klingenberg-Colmnitz-Frauenstein , Klingenberg-Colmnitz-Oberdittmannsdorf and Freital-Potschappel-Wilsdruff-Nossen , but these were gradually shut down. Only the also narrow-gauge Weißeritztalbahn and the Potschappel-Hainsberger connecting railway survived the Freital district. Likewise, only up to the 1970s existed trams in the district with the Lockwitztalbahn , the Plauenschen Grundbahn and the Staatliche Güterbahn Deuben .
License Plate
Motor vehicles (with the exception of motorcycles) and trailers were assigned three-letter distinctive signs starting with the letter pairs RI and RJ from about 1974 to the end of 1990 . The last number plate series often used for motorcycles was YO 00-01 to YO 50-00 .
At the beginning of 1991 the district received the distinguishing mark FTL .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Federal Statistical Office (Ed.): Municipalities 1994 and their changes since 01.01.1948 in the new federal states . Metzler-Poeschel, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 .
- ↑ Law on the self-administration of municipalities and districts in the GDR (municipal constitution) of May 17, 1990
- ↑ Saxony regional register
- ↑ Andreas Herzfeld: The history of the German license plate . 4th edition. German Flag Society V., Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-935131-11-7 , pp. 302 .
- ↑ Andreas Herzfeld: The history of the German license plate . 4th edition. German Flag Society V., Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-935131-11-7 , pp. 501 .