Serrières (Ardèche)
| Serrières | ||
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| region | Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes | |
| Department | Ardèche | |
| Arrondissement | Tournon-sur-Rhône | |
| Canton | Sarras | |
| Community association | Annonay Rhône Agglo | |
| Coordinates | 45 ° 19 ′ N , 4 ° 46 ′ E | |
| height | 135-371 m | |
| surface | 3.96 km 2 | |
| Residents | 1,146 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 289 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 07340 | |
| INSEE code | 07313 | |
| Website | Serrières | |
 View of Serrières |
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Serrières is a southern French city and a municipality with 1146 inhabitants (as of January 1 2017) in Vivarais (today department of Ardèche ) in the region of Auvergne Rhône-Alpes .
Location and climate
Serrières is located in the French Rhone Valley , almost 30 km (driving distance) south of Vienne on the eastern edge of the Mézenc Mountains and on the west bank of the Rhone . The Rhône forms the border with the neighboring Isère department . The place is divided into the medieval town center (Quartier du Tromph) below the foundations of the former castle and the lower town (Quartier Saint-Sornin) along the Rhône . The previously independent market town of Saint-Sornin was united with Serrières in the Middle Ages. The climate is temperate to warm; Rain (approx. 780 mm / year) falls over the year.
Surname
The place name can be traced back to the Latin-Celtic Castrum Sarerie . "Castrum" means fort , "sarerie" (French: resserré ) means "squeezed in", which describes the location between the river and the neighboring hills of Vivarais . It changed in the course of history from Sarriera partus (972) via Sararia and Seriere (1464) to Serreriis (1875). From 1794 to 1801, the city bore the revolutionary name Port du Mézenc ("Port of Mézenc") because of its important port . Due to its location near the intersection of four departments, Serrières is nicknamed Porte de l'Ardèche ("Gateway to the Ardèche").
Population development
| year | 1800 | 1851 | 1901 | 1954 | 1999 | 2017 | ||
| Residents | 1.924 | 2,022 | 1,558 | 1,416 | 1,078 | 1,146 | ||
| Sources: Cassini and INSEE | ||||||||
The phylloxera crisis in viticulture, the increasing mechanization of agriculture and the introduction of steamers led to a loss of jobs and a decline in population since the second half of the 19th century.
history
Before the conquest by Julius Caesar , the area was inhabited by the Gallic tribe of the Helvier . Relics from the Gallo-Roman period have been found near the site. In 408 Serrières was devastated by the Vandals and again in 733 by the Moors when they retreated after the Battle of Tours and Poitiers .
In the years between 970 and 1040 Serrières was hit several times by famines and epidemics . In the 14th century, wandering mercenaries of the Grandes Compagnies plundered the place three times; the plague also raged .
At first the area was a fiefdom of the Counts of Albon . At the end of the 11th century suzerainty passed to the Count of Roussillon . A castle and a keep were mentioned in writing in the 13th century, and in 1414 the town was a trading center with numerous markets and four annual fairs . The port, where wine and salt in particular were unloaded and transported by mules to the mountain regions of the hinterland, was important. In 1299 Serrières received a carte blanche and was allowed by the boatmen from 1368 Wegzoll demand.
During the Fifth Religious War, the castle was destroyed in 1574 on the orders of the king. Between 1585 and 1587, three quarters of the population fell victim to hunger and plague. The Notre-Dame de la Pitié chapel was built in 1619, but was soon abandoned due to its disrepair. The current church dates from 1702.
In the 17th century the ruling family changed several times through marriages and dowries . The last ruler, Ludwig Joseph von Bourbon , emigrated to the Netherlands as a result of the revolution in 1791 .
Repeatedly, hail and frost destroyed the crops and led to famine. In the harsh winter of 1766, the Rhône froze over and could even be crossed with heavy carts .
On February 12, 1790, after the first elections with 108 voters, the city administration met with a mayor for the first time. Three years later the church was partially destroyed.
At the end of the 18th century there were four lime kilns , three hat factories with 100 workers and brandy distilleries in the village . In addition to the two silk weaving mills with 300 workers from 1760, two further companies with 185 workers were added in 1866/67.
By the end of the 15th century, the boats were upstream of people to the 19th century, then by horses and oxen towed . In 1829 a steamboat went up the Rhone for the first time and initiated the gradual economic decline of the place. The local boatmen, who mainly loaded wood from the Mézenc and operated ferry traffic (a yaw ferry was mentioned as early as 1350 ), also encountered the construction of a suspension bridge to the Sablons across the river in 1828 and a flood in 1840 that killed many of their horses. In 1851 the first boatmen gave up. From 1887 to 1889 a new port was built to allow steamships to dock.
In the years 1878/79 the Lyon – Nîmes railway line was built on masonry viaduct arches through the middle of the lower town and a railway station was laid out. As the central pillar of the first road bridge hindered shipping traffic on the Rhone, it was replaced by a new suspension bridge in 1933. This bridge was destroyed in 1944 by the German troops when they withdrew. The current bridge dates from 1951.
During the German occupation in World War II , Serrières housed a garrison of the Wehrmacht . After the construction of a Rhone side canal, which was opened in 1976, the once difficult to navigate section of the river has only a low current at the site. Ships have stopped calling at the port since then.
traffic
Department roads 86 (formerly Route nationale 86 ) and 820 (formerly Route nationale 82 ) intersect in the village . There is a motorway junction for the Autoroute A7 (“Autoroute du Soleil”) about 4 km away .
The station was dismantled and decommissioned, the double-track railway line is only in operation for through freight traffic.
Attractions
- The former chapel Saint-Sornin from the 12th century was the church of the boatmen at the time of the towing. The listed building was desecrated in 1935 and houses the Musée des mariniers .
- The “Penitent Tower” (Tour des pénitents) , a relic of the Notre-Dame de la Pitié chapel .
- The suspension bridge (Pont de Sablons) (also: Pont de Serrières ), which has been the third structure of its kind since 1951, connecting the towns of Serrières and Sablons across the Rhone. Their mean span is 185 m.
Web links
- Homepage of the community
- Notice communale Serrières at cassini.ehess.fr
literature
- Various authors: Dans les pas de Cévennes Terre de Lumière: A la découverte du patrimoine vivarois Tome 2, L'Ardèche du nord . 1st edition. Cévennes Terre de Lumière, 2006, ISBN 978-2-9518755-1-7 , pp. 159 ff .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Histoire de Serrières on the municipality's website, accessed on March 7, 2016
- ↑ a b Various authors: Dans les pas de Cévennes Terre de Lumière: A la découverte du patrimoine vivarois Tome 2, L'Ardèche du nord . 1st edition. Cévennes Terre de Lumière, 2006, ISBN 978-2-9518755-1-7 , pp. 159 .
- ↑ Pont routier de Sablons, ou Pont routier de Serrièrs at patrimoine.rhonealpes.fr (French), accessed on March 9, 2016
- ↑ Pont de Sablons at structurae, accessed on March 5, 2016