Sarah Palin

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Sarah Palin
11th Governor of Alaska
Assumed office
December 4, 2006
LieutenantSean Parnell
Preceded byFrank Murkowski
Chairperson, Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission
In office
2003–2004
Preceded byCamille Oechsli Taylor[1]
Succeeded byJohn K. Norman[2]
Mayor of Wasilla, Alaska
In office
1996–2002
Preceded byJohn Stein
Succeeded byDianne M. Keller
City Council Member, Wasilla, Alaska
In office
1992–1996
Personal details
Born (1964-02-11) February 11, 1964 (age 60)[3]
Sandpoint, Idaho, U.S.
Political partyRepublican (1982 - Present)
SpouseTodd Palin (since 1988)
ChildrenTrack, Bristol, Willow, Piper, Trig
Residence(s)Wasilla, Alaska
Alma materUniversity of Idaho
ProfessionPolitician, Journalist
Signature

More detailed articles about Sarah Palin:

Political positions of Sarah Palin
John McCain presidential campaign, 2008
Electoral history of Sarah Palin
Governorship of Sarah Palin
Mayoralty of Sarah Palin

Sarah Louise Heath Palin (Template:Pron-en; born February 11, 1964) is the governor of Alaska and the Republican vice-presidential nominee in the 2008 United States presidential election.

Palin served two terms on the Wasilla, Alaska city council from 1992 to 1996, then won two terms as mayor of Wasilla from 1996 to 2002. After an unsuccessful campaign for lieutenant governor of Alaska in 2002, she chaired the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission from 2003 to 2004.

Elected governor of Alaska in November 2006, Palin became the first woman and the youngest person to hold the office. She defeated incumbent governor Frank Murkowski in the Republican primary and former Democratic governor Tony Knowles in the general election.

On August 29, 2008, Republican presidential candidate Senator John McCain announced that he had chosen Palin as his running mate. She was nominated at the 2008 Republican National Convention in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Palin is the first woman to run on the Republican party presidential ticket and would be the first female Vice President of the United States, if elected.

Early life and education

Palin was born Sarah Louise Heath in Sandpoint, Idaho, the third of four children of Sarah Heath (née Sheeran), a school secretary, and Charles R. Heath, a science teacher and track coach. Her family moved to Alaska when she was an infant. As a child, she would sometimes go moose hunting with her father before school, and the family regularly ran 5 km and 10 km races.[6]

Palin attended Wasilla High School in Wasilla, Alaska, where she was the head of the Fellowship of Christian Athletes chapter at the school, and the point guard and captain of the school's basketball team. She helped the team win the Alaska small-school basketball championship in 1982, hitting a critical free throw in the last seconds of the game, despite having an ankle stress fracture. She earned the nickname "Sarah Barracuda" because of her intense play, and was the leader of the team prayer before games.[7]

In 1984, Palin won the Miss Wasilla Pageant,[8][9] then finished third (second runner-up) in the Miss Alaska pageant,[10][11] at which she won a college scholarship and the "Miss Congeniality" award.[12] Palin admits to smoking cannabis as a youth during the time Alaska had decriminalized possession,[13] though she says she did not enjoy it.[14]

Palin spent her first college semester at Hawaii Pacific College, transferring in 1983 to North Idaho College and then to the University of Idaho. She attended Matanuska-Susitna College in Alaska for one term, returning to the University of Idaho to complete her Bachelor of Science degree in communications-journalism, graduating in 1987.[15][16]

In 1988, she worked as a sports reporter for KTUU-TV in Anchorage, Alaska.[17] She also helped in her husband’s commercial fishing family business.[18]

Mayor of Wasilla

Main article: Mayoralty of Sarah Palin

After being elected to the city council in 1992, and re-elected in 1995, Palin served two terms (1996–2002) as mayor of Wasilla, Alaska, a city located 29 miles (47 km) north of the port of Anchorage. At the conclusion of Palin's tenure as mayor in 2002, the city had about 6,300 residents,[19] and it is now the fifth largest city in the state.[20] Term limits prevented Palin from running for a third term as mayor in 2002.[21] Throughout her two terms as mayor, Palin was a registered Republican.[22]

First term

In 1996, Palin defeated three-term incumbent mayor John Stein.[23] In the campaign, she criticized Stein for wasteful spending and high taxes.[24] Although the election was a nonpartisan blanket primary, the state Republican Party ran advertisements on her behalf.[25] She also introduced campaign issues such as abortion, gun rights, and term limits.[25]

Shortly after taking office in October 1996, Palin eliminated the position of museum director and asked for updated resumes and resignation letters from top officials, including the police chief, public works director, finance director and librarian.[26] Palin stated this request was to find out their intentions and whether they supported her.[26] She temporarily required department heads to get her approval before talking to reporters, saying that they first needed to become better acquainted with her administration's policies.[26] She hired a new city administrator and reduced her own salary from $68,000 to $64,000.[25]

According to librarian Mary Emmons, she and Palin discussed the question of library censorship in October 1996.[27] Palin also spoke publicly about the issue, saying that her comments were "in regards to library policy" and that she had no particular books or other material in mind for removal.[27] No books were removed from the library.[28][29][30]

Palin fired Librarian Emmons and Police Chief Stambaugh on January 30, 1997.[31] She rescinded the firing of Emmons the next day after meeting with her and after what the Anchorage Daily News called "a wave of public support for Emmons."[28] Palin stated that her concerns had been alleviated when Emmons agreed to support Palin's plan to merge the town's library and museum operations.[31] Stambaugh filed a lawsuit over his firing, which was later dismissed by a court that found the mayor had the right to fire city employees for nearly any reason, including a political one.[32]

Despite the rocky start, Palin gained favor with Wasilla voters. She kept a jar with the names of Wasilla residents on her desk, and once a week she pulled a name from it and picked up the phone. She would ask: "How's the city doing?"[33] Due to income generated by a 2% sales tax that was enacted prior to her election, Palin was able to cut property taxes by 75% and to eliminate personal property and business inventory taxes.[34] She made improvements to the roads and sewers (financed through municipal bonds)[35] and strengthened the Police Department.[25] She also reduced spending on the town museum, prevented building of a new library and city hall, put in bike paths, and was able to get funding for storm-water treatment in order to protect the region's lakes.[34]

Second term

Palin ran for re-election against Stein in 1999[36][37] and won; the vote was 909 to 292.[38] Palin was also elected president of the Alaska Conference of Mayors.[35]

During her second term as mayor, Palin introduced a ballot measure proposing the construction of a municipal sports center to be financed by a 0.5% sales tax increase.[39] The $14.7 million Wasilla Multi-Use Sports Complex was built on time and under budget, but the city lost an additional $1.3 million due to an eminent domain lawsuit caused by a failure to obtain legal ownership of the property before beginning construction.[39]

She also hired the Anchorage-based lobbying firm of Robertson, Monagle & Eastaugh to lobby for earmarks for Wasilla. The effort was led by Steven Silver, a former chief of staff for Senator Ted Stevens,[40] and it secured nearly $27 million in earmarked funds. The earmarks included $500,000 for a youth shelter, $1.9 million for a transportation hub, $900,000 for sewer repairs, and $15 million for a rail project linking Wasilla and the ski resort community of Girdwood.[41] Some of the earmarks were criticized by Senator McCain in 2001 and 2002.[42]

Post-mayoral years

In 2002, term limits prevented Palin from running for a third term as mayor.[43] Instead, she made an unsuccessful bid for the Republican nomination for lieutenant governor and lost, coming in second to Loren Leman in a five-way Republican primary.[44] The Republican ticket of U.S. Senator Frank Murkowski and Leman won the November 2002 election. When Murkowski resigned from his long-held U.S. Senate seat in December 2002 to become governor, he considered appointing Palin to replace him in the Senate, but instead chose his daughter, Lisa Murkowski, who was then an Alaska state representative.[45]

Governor Murkowski appointed Palin to the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission. She chaired the Commission beginning in 2003, and served as Ethics Supervisor.[46] Palin resigned in January 2004, protesting what she called the "lack of ethics" of fellow Republican members.[47][48][49]

After resigning, Palin filed a formal complaint against Oil and Gas Conservation Commissioner Randy Ruedrich, also the chair of the state Republican Party,[50] accusing him of doing work for the Party on public time and of working closely with a company he was supposed to be regulating. She also filed a complaint against Gregg Renkes, a former Alaska Attorney General,[51] accusing him of having a financial conflict of interest in negotiating a coal exporting trade agreement,[52] while Renkes was the subject of investigation and after records suggesting a possible conflict of interest had been released to the public.[53] Ruedrich and Renkes both resigned and Ruedrich paid a record $12,000 fine.[54][46]

From 2003 to June 2005, Palin served as one of three directors of "Ted Stevens Excellence in Public Service, Inc.," a 527 group that was designed to serve as a political boot camp for Republican women in Alaska.[55][56][55][57] In 2004, Palin told the Anchorage Daily News that she had decided not to run for the U.S. Senate that year, against the Republican incumbent, Lisa Murkowski, because her teenage son opposed it. Palin said "How could I be the team mom if I was a U.S. senator?"[58]

Governor of Alaska

Main article: Governorship of Sarah Palin
Palin in Kuwait visiting soldiers of the Alaska National Guard, July 24, 2007.

In 2006, running on a clean-government platform, Palin defeated Frank Murkowski in the Republican gubernatorial primary.[59] Her running mate was State Senator Sean Parnell. Stevens gave a late endorsement to Palin and filmed a television commercial with her during the gubernatorial campaign.[60]

During the gubernatorial campaign, Palin declared that education, public safety, and transportation would be the three cornerstones of her administration.[citation needed] Despite spending less than her Democratic opponent, she won the gubernatorial election in November, defeating former governor Tony Knowles 48.3% to 40.9%.[61]

Palin became Alaska's first female governor and at age 42, the youngest governor in Alaskan history.[62] She is the state's first governor to have been born after Alaska achieved U.S. statehood, and the first not to be inaugurated in Juneau; she chose to have the ceremony held in Fairbanks instead. She took office on December 4, 2006, and has maintained a high approval rating throughout her term.[63]

In 2007 Palin obtained a passport and traveled outside of North America for the first time to Kuwait and Germany to visit with members of the Alaska National Guard.[64][65]

Palin promoted oil and natural gas resource development in Alaska, including in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR), where such development has been the subject of a national debate.[66] She also helped pass a tax increase on oil company profits. In March 2007, Palin put forward an Alaska Gasline Inducement Act (AGIA) to encourage building a natural gas pipeline from the state's North Slope.[67] In January 2008, Palin announced that TransCanada Corporation was the sole AGIA-compliant applicant.[68][69] In August 2008, Palin signed a bill awarding TransCanada Pipelines $500 million in seed money and a license to build and operate the $26-billion pipeline to transport gas from the North Slope to the Lower 48 through Canada.[70]

Palin has sometimes broken with the state Republican establishment. For example, she endorsed Sean Parnell's bid to unseat the state's longtime at-large U.S. Representative, Don Young.[71] Palin also publicly challenged Senator Ted Stevens to come clean about the ongoing federal investigation into his financial dealings. Shortly before his July 2008 indictment, she held a joint news conference with Stevens, described by The Washington Post as being "to make clear she had not abandoned him politically."[55]

Budget and spending

Palin at the Alaska Airmen's Trade Show in Anchorage, Alaska in May 2008

In June 2007, Palin signed into law a $6.6 billion operating budget—the largest in Alaska's history.[72] At the same time, she used her veto power to make the second-largest cuts of the construction budget in state history. The $237 million in cuts represented over 300 local projects, and reduced the construction budget to nearly $1.6 billion.[73]

Palin followed through on a campaign promise to sell the Westwind II jet purchased by the Murkowski administration for $2.7 million in 2005 on a state government credit account against the wishes of the Legislature. In August 2007, the jet was listed on eBay, but the sale fell through and the plane was later sold for $2.1 million through a private brokerage firm.[74]

Palin only lives in Juneau during the Legislative session and lives in Wasilla and works out of offices in Anchorage the rest of the year. She does not use the Governor's private chef, whom Palin transferred to the Lounge of the State Legislature.[75] Palin has instead charged the state a per diem for the 312 nights she has spent at home ($16,951 in total allowances) and for her family's travel expenses ($43,490, an additional $93,000 for Palin herself), mostly between Juneau and Wasilla.[76]

Earmarks

In Palin's two years as governor, Alaska has requested nearly $750 million in earmarks, by far the largest per-capita request in the nation.[77] While initially supporting $223 Million in federal funding for the "Bridge to Nowhere," Palin backed off only when Alaska's share of the cost increased. In February 2008, Palin's office sent a 70-page memo to Ted Stevens' office, outlining $200 million in funding requests for Alaska.[78]

"Bridge(s) to Nowhere"

See also: Gravina Island Bridge and Knik Arm Bridge (Don Young's Way)

Two Alaskan bridge construction proposals, receiving $442 million in Federal budget earmarks in 2005 at the bequest of Alaska's Rep. Don Young, then-Chairman of the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee,[79] and supported by Palin in her 2006 Gubernatorial race, have been derided as a symbol of pork barrel spending: 1) a proposed bridge connecting Ketchikan to Gravina Island (population 50) where its airport lies;[80] and 2) a proposed bridge ("Don Young's Way") crossing Knik Arm to provide an alternate route from Anchorage to Wasilla.[81] The nickname "Bridge(s) to Nowhere" has been used for either the first[82] or, more rarely, both[83] bridges. In November, 2005, Congress stripped the specific earmark allocation of federal funds for the two bridges in the bill, without changing the amount of money allocated for use by Alaska.[84][85] In 2006, Palin ran for Governor on a "build-the-bridge" platform,[86] attacking "spinmeisters"[87] for insulting local residents by calling them "nowhere"[86] and urging speed "while our congressional delegation is in a strong position to assist."[88]

In September 2007, one month after the bridge received sharp criticism from John McCain,[89] and nine months into Palin's term as Governor, Palin cancelled the Gravina Bridge, blaming Congress for not providing enough funding.[90] Alaska will not return any of the $442 million to the federal government[91] and is spending $25 million on a Gravina Island road to the place where the bridge would have gone so that none of the money will have to be returned.[86] Palin also continues to support funding Don Young's Way, estimated as more than twice as expensive as the Gravina Bridge would have been.[92]

In her nomination acceptance speech and on the campaign trail, Palin has often said: "I told the Congress 'thanks, but no thanks,' for that Bridge to Nowhere."[93][94] McCain-Palin television advertisements also claim Palin "stopped the Bridge to Nowhere".[95] Given Palin's previous support for the Bridge, these claims have been widely questioned or described as misleading in several newspapers across the political spectrum.[96][97][98][99] Newsweek, commenting on Palin's "astonishing pivot," remarked: "Now she talks as if she always opposed the funding."[100]

Public Safety Commissioner dismissal

Main article: Alaska Public Safety Commissioner dismissal

On July 11, 2008, Palin dismissed Public Safety Commissioner Walter Monegan, citing performance-related issues, such as not being a team player on budgeting issues.[101][102] Monegan alleged that his dismissal was retaliation for his failure to fire Palin’s former brother-in-law, Alaska State Trooper Mike Wooten, who was involved in a child custody battle with Palin’s sister. Governor Palin stated on July 17 that no pressure had been applied upon Monegan to fire Wooten.[103][101]

On August 1, the Alaska Legislature hired an independent investigator to review the situation.[104] The investigation is scheduled to be completed in October 2008.[103] On August 13, after an internal investigation, Palin acknowledged that her staff had contacted Monegan or his staff about two dozen times regarding Wooten. Palin placed the Alaska Director of Boards and Commissions on paid leave as a result of one tape-recorded call. She stated that she had only known about some of the contacts, that many of those contacts were appropriate, and restated she had not fired Monegan because of Wooten.[105]

On September 1, Palin's lawyer asked the state Legislature to drop its investigation, saying that by state law, the governor-appointed state Personnel Board had jurisdiction over ethics issues.[106] Palin also asked that the Board review the matter as an ethics complaint.[107]. In July 2008, Gov. Sarah Palin's ethics advisor urged her to apologize for her handling of the dismissal of Monegan and warned that the matter could snowball into a bigger scandal[108].

Palin's choice to replace Monegan, Charles M. Kopp, chief of the Kenai police department, was named to the position on July 11, 2008. He resigned on July 25 after it was revealed that he had received a letter of reprimand for sexual harassment in his previous position.[109][110]

2008 Vice-presidential campaign

Template:Future election candidate

Main article: John McCain presidential campaign, 2008
See also: Republican Party (United States) vice presidential candidates, 2008
Palin addresses the 2008 Republican National Convention

On August 29, 2008, in Dayton, Ohio, Senator John McCain, the Republican presidential candidate, announced that he had chosen Palin as his running mate.[111] Palin had been under consideration since a private meeting with McCain in a February National Governors Association meeting; although this was the first time the two had met, Palin made a favorable impression on McCain. McCain was reportedly concerned about reclaiming his image as a "maverick Republican" and wanted someone to shake up the ticket. With this in mind, he called Palin on August 24 to discuss the possibility of having her join him on the ticket.[112] On August 27, Palin visited McCain's vacation home near Sedona, Arizona, where she was offered the position of vice-presidential candidate.[113] Palin was the only prospective running mate who had a face-to-face interview with McCain to discuss joining the ticket.[112] Nonetheless, Palin's selection was a surprise to many as speculation had centered on other candidates, such as Minnesota Governor Tim Pawlenty, former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney, United States Senator Joe Lieberman of Connecticut, and former Pennsylvania Governor Tom Ridge.[111]

Palin is the second woman to run on a major U.S. party ticket. The first was Geraldine Ferraro, the Democratic vice-presidential nominee in 1984, who ran with former vice-president Walter Mondale.[111][114] On September 3, 2008, Palin delivered a 40-minute acceptance speech at the Republican National Convention that was watched by more than 40 million viewers[115] and was well-received by the crowd.[116][117]

Palin is scheduled to participate in a vice-presidential debate with Joe Biden on October 2, 2008.[118] The election is set for November 4.

Reception

See also: Reaction to 2008 Vice Presidential nomination of Sarah Palin

Overall, the choice of Palin was well received by potential voters, with a series of polls suggesting that Palin has given a major boost to John McCain's campaign and excited the Republican base.[119] Since Palin was largely unknown outside of Alaska prior to her selection by McCain, her personal life, positions, and political record became the focus of intense media attention and scrutiny.[120][121] Some Republicans felt that Palin was being subjected to unreasonable media coverage,[122] and a poll found that slightly more than half of Americans believed that the press was "trying to hurt" Palin with negative coverage, a sentiment referenced by Palin in her acceptance speech. Polls conducted immediately after the speech found that Palin was viewed favorably by a majority of respondents.[123][124][125]

In the days following the decision, the choice of Palin generated mixed opinions among potential voters, but had energized the Republican base. Results from the first few polls after the Republican convention gave indications that the McCain campaign had overcome its deficit and that Palin may have boosted support among white women.[126][127] A WSJ/NBC News poll taken September 9 indicated 34% of respondents were more likely to vote for McCain as a result of the Palin pick while 25% were less likely.[128]

Palin appeared on the cover of both Newsweek and Time following her selection. The Time cover story of Palin came as the newsmagazine had been critical of the McCain campaign for allegedly limiting media access to Palin.[129] Her first interview with the press, with Charles Gibson of ABC News, aired on September 11. In the interview, Palin answered questions about her experience, national security, and Iraq.[130]

Political positions

Main article: Political positions of Sarah Palin
Gov. Sarah Palin looks over a squad of soldiers from her state during a visit to Camp Virginia, Kuwait, July 25.

Palin has described the Republican Party platform as "the right agenda for America," adding that "individual freedom and independence is extremely important to me and that's why I'm a Republican."[4] Palin is a social conservative, and has called herself "as pro-life as any candidate can be".[131] She is opposed to abortion except in cases where the mother's life is in danger,[132] and has supported bills to outlaw late-term abortions and to require parental consent for underage abortions in Alaska.[133] Palin is supportive of contraception[131] but is against "explicit sex-ed programs" in schools, backing abstinence-only education.[134][135]

She opposes same-sex marriage[131] and supported a non-binding referendum for an Alaskan constitutional amendment to deny state health benefits to same-sex couples.[136]

She supports capital punishment.[137] Palin also supports teaching creationism in public schools, though she does not believe it should be mandatory.[138] She also supports gun safety education for youth, and the right to bear arms, including handguns.[139]

As governor of Alaska, Palin pushed to reduce state government spending, including cutting $1.6 billion from the Alaskan construction budget.[73] She has not opposed the increased federal funding of construction programs for her state.[140]

Palin has promoted oil and natural gas resource development in Alaska, including in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR).[66] She has opposed federal listing of the polar bear as an endangered species, warning that it would adversely affect energy development in Alaska.[141] She has also opposed the designation of the Cook Inlet beluga whale as an endangered species[142] and, with the majority of Alaskans, has supported predator control initiatives such as the aerial hunting of wolves.[143]

Palin's foreign policy positions remain unclear.[144] When asked for her views about troop escalations in Iraq, she replied, "while I support our president, Condoleezza Rice and the administration, I want to know that we have an exit plan in place."[145][146]

Personal life

Palin is a mother of five. She enjoys hunting, ice fishing and riding snowmobiles[147] is a member of the National Rifle Association (NRA).[148] In 2005, she completed a marathon[149]and is a self-described hockey mom.

Palin family members at the announcement of Palin's vice-presidential selection, August 29, 2008. From left: Todd, Piper, Willow, Bristol, and Trig.

In 1988, Sarah Heath married Todd Palin, who had been her high-school boyfriend.[150][151] Todd Palin works for BP as an oil-field production operator[152] and owns a commercial fishing business.[153] The family lives in Wasilla.

The couple have five children: sons Track (b. 1989) and Trig (b. 2008), and daughters Bristol (b. 1990), Willow (b. 1995), and Piper (b. 2001).[154] Track Palin enlisted in the U.S. Army on September 11, 2007,[155] and subsequently was assigned to an infantry brigade. He and his unit are to be deployed to Iraq in September 2008, for 12 months.[156] Palin's youngest child, Trig, has Down syndrome, diagnosed prenatally.[157]

Palin announced on September 1, 2008, that her daughter Bristol was five months pregnant and intended to keep the baby and marry the father of her child, Levi Johnston.[158][159] The McCain-Palin campaign stated that John McCain was aware of her daughter's pregnancy, and that it did not affect his choice.[160]

Palin was born into a Catholic family.[161] When she was 4 years old, her family joined the Wasilla Assembly of God, a Pentecostal church where Palin worshipped until she was 38 years old;[162][163] in a speech before the church, she described herself as having been saved and baptized at that church.[164] Palin's children were also baptized at that church.[165] When she is in Juneau, she attends the Juneau Christian Center,[166] another Assemblies of God church. Her current home church is the Wasilla Bible Church, an independent congregation.[167] Although initial press reports said that she was the first Pentecostal ever to appear on a major-party ticket,[168] Palin described herself in an interview with Time magazine on August 29, 2008, as a "Bible-believing" Christian.[161]

Electoral history

Main article: Electoral history of Sarah Palin

Palin was elected to the Wasilla, Alaska City Council in 1992, and was reelected three years later. In 1996, she ran for mayor and was elected, defeating incumbent mayor John Stein. She was reelected in 1999 with 73.6% of the vote.[169] In 2002, Palin ran for Lieutenant Governor of Alaska, though she came in second in the Republican primaries.[170] Four years later, Palin ran for Governor of Alaska; she challenged incumbent Governor Frank Murkowski in the primaries and came in first, garnering roughly 50% of the votes. In the general election, she defeated Democratic nominee Tony Knowles, 48% to 41%.[171]

Notes

  1. ^ "Commissioners - Terms in Office". Oil and Gas Conservation Commission, State of Alaska. May 15, 2006.
  2. ^ "Biographical Information John K. Norman" (PDF). Alaska State Legislature. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
  3. ^ "Alaska Governor Sarah Palin". National Governors Association. Retrieved 2008-09-07.
  4. ^ a b Newton-Small, Jay (2008-08-29). "TIME's interview with Sarah Palin". Time. p. 3. Retrieved 2008-08-30. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  5. ^ Gorski, Eric (2008-08-30). "Evangelicals energized by McCain-Palin ticket". Associated Press. Google News. Retrieved 2008-08-31.
  6. ^ Johnson 2008, pp. 15–17
  7. ^ Johnson 2008, pp. 27–31
  8. ^ "McCain surprises with Palin pick". MarketWatch. 2008-08-29. Retrieved 2008-08-29.
  9. ^ Peterson, Deb. "Palin was a high school star, says schoolmate," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 30 Aug 2008. Available online. Archived 01 Sept 2008.
  10. ^ "Miss Alaska '84 Recalls Rival's Winning Ways". Washington Post. Retrieved 2008-09-09]]. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  11. ^ "Gov. Sarah Palin Was Second Choice in '84 Beauty Contest". US Magazine. Retrieved 2008-08-30.
  12. ^ Johnson 2008, p. 21
  13. ^ Stefanie Balogh (2008). "Is Sarah Palin a real vice-president contender?". Courier Mail. Retrieved 2008-09-08.
  14. ^ Lerer, Lisa (2008-08-29). "Palin: She Inhaled". The Crypt. CBS News. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
  15. ^ "Palin education took her to five colleges". Associated Press via Anchorage Daily News. Retrieved 2008-09-04. {{cite news}}: Text "date-2008-09-04" ignored (help)
  16. ^ Boone, Rebecca (2008-08-29). "McCain's veep pick, Palin, has ties to Idaho". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved 2008-08-30.
  17. ^ "Video: Sarah Palin:Former TV Sports Reporter, Us magazine website, August 31, 2008". {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  18. ^ "Gov. Sarah Palin (R)". Almanac of American Politics 2008. National Journal. Retrieved 2008-09-03.
  19. ^ "Table 4: Annual Estimates of the Population for Incorporated Places in Alaska, Listed Alphabetically: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2007" (CSV). 2007 Population Estimates. U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. June 21, 2006. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
  20. ^ The four larger cities in Alaska are Anchorage (population: 279,671), Fairbanks (population: 34,540), Juneau (population: 30,690), and Sitka (population: 8,986).
  21. ^ The Associated Press (2008-08-29). "Timeline of Gov. Palin's life and career". ABC News.
  22. ^ Lott, Maxim. “Top 7 Myths, Lies, and Untruths About Sarah Palin”, Fox News (2008-09-05).
  23. ^ Kizzia, Tom (2006-10-23). "'Fresh face' launched Palin: Wasilla mayor was groomed from an early political age". Anchorage Daily News. Retrieved 2008-09-01.
  24. ^ Johnson 2008, p. 45
  25. ^ a b c d Yardley, William (2008-09-02). "Palin's Start in Alaska: Not Politics as Usual". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
  26. ^ a b c "Wasilla's new mayor asks officials to quit". Daily Sitka Sentinel. 1996-10-28.
  27. ^ a b Stuart, Paul (1996-12-18). "Palin: Library censorship inquiries 'Rhetorical'". Mat-Su Valley Frontiersman. Retrieved 2008-09-06.
  28. ^ a b White, Rindi (2008-09-04). "Palin pressured Wasilla librarian". Anchorage Daily News. pp. 1B. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
  29. ^ Armstrong, Ken and Bernton, Hal. "Sarah Palin had turbulent first year as mayor of Alaska town", Seattle Times (2008-09-07).
  30. ^ Mooney, Brian. “Wasilla besieged by researchers”, Boston Globe (2008-09-10).
  31. ^ a b Komarnitsky, S.J. (1997-02-01). "Wasilla keeps librarian, but police chief is out". Anchorage Daily News. pp. 1B. Retrieved 2008-08-31.
  32. ^ Komarnitsky, S.J. (2000-03-01). "Judge Backs Chief's Firing". Anchorage Daily News. Retrieved 2008-09-01.
  33. ^ Armstrong, Ken; Bernton, Hal (September 7), "Sarah Palin had turbulent first year as mayor of Alaska town", The Seattle Times {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
  34. ^ a b Kizzia, Tom (October 23), "'Fresh face' launched Palin", Anchorage Daily News {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
  35. ^ a b "From Wasilla's basketball court to the national stage : Sarah Palin timeline". adn.com. Anchorage Daily News. 2008-08-29. Retrieved 2008-09-01.
  36. ^ (Johnson 2008, p. 65)
  37. ^ "2006 Campaign Tip Sheets: Alaska Governor". National Journal. Retrieved 2008-08-30.
  38. ^ "October 5, 1999 Regular Election; Official Results" (PDF). cityofwasilla.com. City of Wasilla. 2005-10-11. Retrieved 2008-09-01.
  39. ^ a b Phillips, Michael M. (2008-09-06). "Palin's Hockey Rink Leads To Legal Trouble in Town She Led". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2008-09-08.
  40. ^ Dilanian, Ken. "Palin backed 'bridge to nowhere' in 2006". USA Today. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
  41. ^ Krane, Paul (2008-09-02). "Palin's Small Alaska Town Secured Big Federal Funds". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
  42. ^ Hamburger, Tom (2008-09-03). "McCain had criticized earmarks from Palin". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2008-09-03. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  43. ^ The Associated Press (2008-08-29). "Timeline of Gov. Palin's life and career". Orlando Sentinel.
  44. ^ "STATE OF ALASKA PRIMARY ELECTION - AUGUST 27, 2002 OFFICIAL RESULTS". Alaska Division of Elections. Retrieved 2008-09-03.
  45. ^ "The Sarah Palin I knew". New Mexico Independent. August 29, 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-30.
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References

  • Johnson, Kaylene (2008), Sarah:How a Hockey Mom Turned Alaska's Political Establishment Upside Down, Epicenter Press, ISBN 0979047080.

External links

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Political offices
Preceded by
John Stein
 Mayor of Wasilla, Alaska
1996–2002 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Governor of Alaska
2006– present 		Incumbent
Party political offices
Preceded by Republican Party vice presidential candidate
2008 		Succeeded by
Incumbent

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