Interurban tram

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An interurban tram is a tram route that differs significantly from classic inner-city tram connections. The term is also used for a tram line that runs on overland sections.

The Woltersdorfer tram near Berlin is a typical interurban tram
The line 6 of public transportation services is one of the few suburban tram lines Austria

An interurban tram takes over traffic relations in the regional area , mostly beyond city limits. It can also have the function of connecting cities , similar to a classic railway . But not every city-connecting tram route is considered an interurban tram. This is not the case, for example, when cities without a gap in urban areas are directly adjacent to one another in metropolitan areas such as the Ruhr area . Tram-train systems are also not part of the regional trams , because they operate as trams in the city and as railways in rural areas.

Intercity trams are often single track with Dodge traced out, run mostly on their own roadbed with flat bottom rails and have longer distances between stops on. They often run parallel to country roads outside of built-up areas , but on grooved rails in the subgrade in through-town areas . Another characteristic are stops in the open field or in wooded areas.

history

Overland trams used to be widely used across Europe. They have become rather rare today. In the time before the First World War , numerous interurban trams were built, the traffic volume of which did not justify a dense train sequence. In the Halle - Merseburg area there were plans for an overland tram network ( Merseburger Überlandbahnen ). In the west of Germany, the overland trams were almost without exception shut down in the 1950s and 1960s and replaced by bus routes.

In North America there were a large number of Interurbans with similar functions and character of an interurban tram until the middle of the 20th century , but which in terms of operation were more like a branch line .

Operation and technology

In principle, regional trams in Germany are operated in accordance with the ordinance on the construction and operation of trams (BOStrab). This differs fundamentally from railways (including local and small railways ) that are operated according to the Railway Construction and Operating Regulations (EBO). Nevertheless, interurban trams, especially in the safety and signaling area, often have elements of railway operations. In addition, a higher contact wire voltage is sometimes used on the overland sections in order to make do with fewer substations . Furthermore, the vehicles used in overland transport are often equipped with a little more comfort. Examples of this are a larger seat divider , more seats and less standing room, more comfortable seating, armrests, luggage racks or curtains. In addition, due to the greater distance between stops on rural routes, they sometimes have fewer or narrower doors.

Some interurban trams also carry freight . For this purpose, vehicles can be exchanged directly on standard-gauge interurban trams, while roller stands are required for narrow-gauge railways . The freight wagons are pulled by the tram units or by their own locomotives .

Existing routes

Germany

Baden-Württemberg

Bavaria

Berlin and Brandenburg

Bremen

  • Bremen Lines 1 and 8 between the stops Gelsenkirchener Straße and Huchting, Roland-Center
  • Bremen Line 4 between Borgfeld and Falkenberg (Lower Saxony).

Hesse

Lower Saxony

North Rhine-Westphalia

Saxony

Saxony-Anhalt

Thuringia

Austria

Switzerland

Neuchâtel tram train

Belgium

Coast tram near Ostend

France

Italy

Netherlands

Poland

  • Łódź , line 43 Łódź (Telefoniczna) - Lutomiersk (pl. Jana Pawła II), tram of the company "Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacyjne Sp. Z oo ", operated by the company "Tramwaje Podmiejskie Sp. Z oo" until March 31, 2012
  • Łódź , line 9 Łódź (Augustów) - Konstantynów (Park Miejski), tram of the company "Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacyjne Sp. Z oo", until March 31, 2012 as line 43 to Lodz-Stoki and operated by the company "Tramwaje Podmiejskie Sp. Z oo "
  • Łódź , line 46 Łódź (Zdrowie) - Ozorków (Cegielniana), tram of the company "Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacyjne Sp. Z oo", operated until March 31, 2012 by the company "Międzygminna Komunikacja Tramwajowa Sp. Z oowice" -IKEA
  • Łódź , line 41 (formerly line 41 of the company "Międzygminna Komunikacja Tramwajowa Sp. Z oo", then line 11 in the company "Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacyjne Sp. Z oo", then line P, operated by the same company) Łódź (Plac Niepodległości) - Pabianice (Pabianice-Wiejska), tram of the company "Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacyjne Sp. Z oo"
  • Łódź , line 16 (formerly line 45 of the company "Międzygminna Komunikacja Tramwajowa Sp. Z oo", then line 11 of the company "Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacyjne Sp. Z oo") Łódź (Kurczaki) - Zgierz (plac Kilińskie) Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacyjne Sp. Z oo "

Romania

Czech Republic

United States

Disused routes (selection)

Germany

Baden-Württemberg

Bavaria

Berlin and Brandenburg

Hesse

Lower Saxony

North Rhine-Westphalia

Rhineland-Palatinate

Saarland

  • Saarbrücken - Dudweiler - Sulzbach - Friedrichsthal - Elversberg - Spiesen
  • Saarbrücken - Riegelsberg - Heusweiler (1907–1953)

Saxony

  • Dresden-Cotta - Cossebaude
  • Dresden-Altplauen - Freital-Cossmannsdorf
  • Dresden-Niedersedlitz - Kreischa ( Lockwitztalbahn )
  • Tram Hohenstein-Ernstthal-Oelsnitz
  • Meusdorf (Leipzig) - Liebertwolkwitz
  • Paunsdorf (Leipzig) - Engelsdorf
  • Connewitz (Leipzig) - Markkleeberg West

Saxony-Anhalt

Austria

Switzerland

Belgium

  • national overland tram network of NMVB / SNCV (Nationale Maatschappij van Buurtspoorwegen / Société nationale des chemins de fer vicinaux), around 4,000 km, both steam / diesel-powered and electric, remaining sections see above.

France

Poland

Netherlands

Romania

United States

literature

  • Michael Beitelsmann, Michael Kochems: Overland trams: vehicles, routes, operation . GeraMond, 2007, ISBN 3-7654-7362-6 .

Web links

Commons : Intercity Trams  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ceH-7h5stOA
  2. ^ Message out for Brandenburg - Kirchmöser . In: Eisenbahn-Revue International , issue 2/2003, ISSN  1421-2811 , p. 60.