Lamborghini
Coordinates: 44 ° 39 ′ 33.3 " N , 11 ° 7 ′ 30.3" E
Automobili Lamborghini SpA
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legal form | Società per azioni |
founding | March 11, 1948 |
Seat | Sant'Agata Bolognese , Italy |
management | |
Number of employees | 1,788 |
sales | 1.74 billion euros |
Branch | Automotive industry |
Website | www.lamborghini.com |
As of December 31, 2019 |
The Automobili Lamborghini SpA [ ˌlamborɡiːni ] ( ) is an Italian automobile manufacturer of sports cars , based in Sant'Agata Bolognese .
Since 1998 the company has belonged to the Volkswagen Group as part of Audi AG . The original tractor brand Lamborghini Trattori has belonged to Same Trattori since 1973 .
history
Tractor manufacturer
The company was founded in 1948 in Cento , Ferrara in Italy by Ferruccio Lamborghini to manufacture tractors that were urgently needed at the time and converted from obsolete military vehicles. In 1959 production was expanded to include burners and air conditioning systems.
Ferruccio Lamborghini and Enzo Ferrari
In 1963, Ferruccio Lamborghini, the company Automobili Lamborghini, as a trademark symbol he chose Murciélago , the legendary bull that survived a bullfight with 24 Lanz shocks on 5 October 1879, was pardoned then, as a symbol of strength; besides, Taurus was his zodiac sign . The development of sports cars will begin this year.
According to a widespread legend, the decision was made after a dispute between sports car enthusiast Ferruccio Lamborghini and Enzo Ferrari . Lamborghini often had problems with its Ferrari and complained to company boss Enzo Ferrari. The latter rejected him, pointing out that Lamborghini could only build tractors properly and not sports cars. So Lamborghini decided to prove the opposite to its adversary by building a faster sports car. According to other sources, Enzo Ferrari is said to have refused to build a sports car based on Lamborghini's ideas or to receive Ferruccio Lamborghini for a conversation. The truth of these stories is, however, often doubted. Other representations assume that Ferruccio Lamborghini never met Enzo Ferrari personally and that he started sports car production primarily to advertise his tractor business.
Ten- and twelve-cylinder sports cars
In 1963, the Lamborghini 350 GTV, the first prototype of a Lamborghini sports car, was presented. The vehicle did not go into series production in this version. Both the engine and the body were modified before series production began. In 1964, the first examples of the 350 GT model were finally made . The performance of the twelve-cylinder clearly exceeded that of the contemporary Ferrari models. However, Lamborghini first caused a stir with the Miura presented in 1966 , which - depending on the source - with its 385 hp in the most powerful version was approaching the 300 km / h mark. Since the Miura , almost all sports car models bear the names of famous Spanish fighting bull breeds or individual fighting bulls, including the newer four-wheel drive Murciélago and the Gallardo . There were only four exceptions - the Countach , the Silhouette , the Espada and, in 2019, the Sián . After the Countach was completed, no suitable bull name could be found to name it. According to legend, the car was parked in the factory yard and the workforce was called together. One of the employees called "Countach" (in German : "Donnerwetter") when he saw the car , and so the car had its name. The silhouette pointed with his deviating from the fighting bull tradition model name on the Formula Silhouette , a discharged from 1976 to 1980 Group 5 Championship the FIA for production sports cars; the Espada was after the rapier of the Matadors named. The additional designation "LP", which is included in the name of many models, stands for longitudinal posteriore (= "rear in longitudinal direction") and designates the installation position of the longitudinally installed motor.
The Countach was the first Lamborghini with scissor doors , a design that became characteristic of other models.
Economic crisis and change of ownership
At the beginning of the 1970s, Lamborghini broadened the model range. The four-seat Espada and the 2 + 2-seat Jarama were among the most expensive Italian sports cars. At the same time, the company tried to open up new customer groups with smaller and cheaper eight-cylinder models such as the Urraco , which was supposed to compete with the Porsche 911. This project failed. The Urraco, in whose development Lamborghini had invested a lot of money, could not be sold in the planned numbers. Because of this and as a result of the oil crisis, the company ran into economic difficulties in 1972. Ferruccio Lamborghini sells the tractor part to the Same Group (today Same Deutz-Fahr ). The sports car section has changed hands several times since the 1970s: from 1972 to 1977, the Swiss entrepreneurs Georges-Henri Rossetti and René Leimer were the owners . After a phase of bankruptcy, Patrick Mimran took over the company (1980 to 1987). He took the Urraco (now: Jalpa ) back into production and presented the sensational off-road vehicle LM002 , which was based on a development contract for the American army. In 1987, the American high-volume manufacturer Chrysler bought the sports car manufacturer. In this era, which lasted until 1994, Lamborghini also became involved in Formula 1 . From 1994 to 1998 Lamborghini was part of the Indonesian MegaTech group.
Lamborghini and Audi
In 1998 the Volkswagen subsidiary Audi AG took over the company and is still the owner today. Since then, Lamborghini has again offered a wider range of models and again shows a large number of studies and small series vehicles. With the Veneno small-series sports car, which cost around three million euros , Lamborghini presented the world's most expensive road-going series car at the 2013 Geneva Motor Show .
In September 2000, Volkswagen Group Italia SpA was also fully integrated into Automobili Lamborghini Holding SpA. It acts as the general importer for the brands Audi, SEAT, Škoda, Volkswagen Passenger Cars and Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles in Italy.
vehicles
Series models
The current model range comprises three basic models: the Huracán as an entry-level model and the Aventador as the top model, as well as the Urus SUV, which went into series production in 2018.
Timeline of the Lamborghini models from 1960 to today | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Type | ... Ferruccio Lamborghini | Rossetti / Leimer | ( Bankruptcy ) | Mimram | Chrysler | Megatech | Audi AG | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
60s | 70s | 80s | 90s | 2000s | 2010s | 2020s | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | |
Coupe | 350GT | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
400GT | Islero | Jarama | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Espada | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Urraco | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sports car | silhouette | Jalpa | Gallardo | Huracan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Miura | Countach | Diablo | Murciélago | Aventador | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SUV | Urus | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Off-road vehicle | LM002 |
construction time | model | vehicles produced | Power (kW (PS)) |
v max (km / h) |
Time (s) 0-100 km / h |
photo |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1964– 1967 |
Lamborghini 350 GT |
135 | 206 (280) |
250-280 | 6.8 | |
1966– 1968 |
Lamborghini 400 GT |
23 250 as 2 + 2 |
235 (320) |
270 | 6.4 | |
1966– 1973 |
Lamborghini Miura |
275 338 as S 150 as SV |
235-309 (320-420) |
274-295 | 5.5-6.8 | |
1968– 1970 |
Lamborghini Islero |
155 as 400 GT 75 as 400 GTS |
235-257 (320-350) |
260-265 | 6.2 | |
1968- 1978 |
Lamborghini Espada |
176 as S1 578 as S2 472 as S3 |
257 (350) |
245 | 6.5 | |
1970- 1976 |
Lamborghini Jarama |
177 as 400 GT 150 as 400 GTS |
257-268 (350-365) |
245-270 | 5.9-6.8 | |
1974- 1990 |
Lamborghini Countach |
1 as LP 500 157 as LP400 237 as LP 400S 321 as 5000S 610 as 5000SQV 657 as 25 ° Anniversario |
260-335 (353-455) |
275-330 | 4.2-5.9 | |
1975- 1979 |
Lamborghini Urraco |
21 as P111 66 as P200 520 as P250 205 as P300 |
134-195 (182-265) |
215-260 | 5.5-7.1 | |
1976- 1981 |
Lamborghini silhouette |
55 as P118 | 189 (260) |
250 | 7.0 | |
1981- 1988 |
Lamborghini Jalpa |
420 as P350 | 187 (255) |
248 | 6.5 | |
1982- 1993 |
Lamborghini LM002 |
301 | 335 (455) |
223 | 8.2 | |
1990– 2001 |
Lamborghini Diablo |
873 as 2wd 140 as GT 30 as GTR 466 as VT Roadster 150 as SE30 and 17 as Jota 346 as SV 31 as SVR 529 as VT 260 as 6.0 42 as 6.0 SE |
362-434 (492-590) |
325-338 | 3.5-4.1 | |
2001- 2010 |
Lamborghini Murciélago |
Murciélago Murciélago Roadster Murciélago LP 640 Murciélago LP 640 Roadster Reventón Murciélago LP 670-4 SV |
426-493 (580-670) |
320-342 | 3.2-3.8 | |
2003- 2013 |
Lamborghini Gallardo |
Gallardo Gallardo Spyder Gallardo Superleggera Gallardo Nera Gallardo LP 560-4 Gallardo LP 560-4 Spyder Gallardo LP 550-2 Valentino Balboni Gallardo LP 570-4 Superleggera Gallardo LP 570-4 Spyder Performante Gallardo LP 570-4 Super Trofeo Stradale |
368-419 (500-570) |
309-325 | 3.4-4.3 | |
since 2011 |
Lamborghini Aventador |
Aventador Aventador Roadster Aventador J Aventador SV Aventador S Aventador SVJ |
515-566 (700-770) |
350 | 2.8-2.9 | |
2013 | Lamborghini Veneno |
3 as a coupé 9 as a roadster |
550 (750) |
355 | 2.8 | |
since 2014 |
Lamborghini Huracan |
Huracán LP 610-4 Huracán Spyder Huracán LP 580-2 Huracán LP 640-4 Performante |
427-471 (580-640) |
320-325 | 2.9-3.4 | |
since 2016 |
Lamborghini Centenario |
Centenario LP 770-4 Centenario Roadster LP 770-4 |
566 (770) |
350 | 2.8-2.9 | |
since 2018 |
Lamborghini Urus |
478 (650) |
305 | 3.6 | ||
since 2019 |
Lamborghini Sián |
FKP 37 as a Coupé Roadster |
602 (819) |
350 | 2.8 |
Prototypes and one-offs
In addition to the series models, there was also a whole range of prototypes and one-offs such as the Veneno and Egoista.
Sports cars and coupes
- Lamborghini 350 GTV (1963, Turin Motor Show, design by Franco Scaglione )
- 3500 GTZ Zagato (1965, London Motor Show, by Zagato )
- 350 GTS (1965, Paris Salon, by Touring )
- 400 GTS (1966, from Touring)
- Monza 400 (1966, by Neri e Bonacini )
- Flying Star II (1966, by Carrozzeria Touring)
- P400 Stuardi Sonata (1966, by Enzo Stuardi)
- Marzal (1967, Turin Motor Show, by Bertone )
- Miura Roadster (1968, by Bertone)
- Jota (1970)
- Miura SVJ (after 1971, from Lamborghini and external coachbuilders)
- Jarama Sport (1972)
- Bravo (1974, Turin Auto Show)
- Urraco Bob (1974)
- Miura SVR (1974)
- Faena (1978, Turin Auto Show, by Frua )
- Athon (1980, Turin Motor Show, by Bertone)
- Marco Polo (1982, Bologna Motor Show, by Italdesign Giugiaro )
- Countach Turbo S (1984, Franz Albert Tuning)
- Countach Evoluzione (1986)
- Portofino (1987, IAA Frankfurt )
- Genesis (1988, Turin Auto Show, by Bertone)
- P140 (1987/1993, by Marcello Gandini and Luigi Marmiroli)
- Cala (1995, Geneva Motor Show , by Italdesign Giugiaro)
- Zagato Raptor (1996, Geneva Motor Show, by Zagato)
- Canto P147 (1997, by Zagato)
- Acosta P147 (1998, by Marcello Gandini)
- Heuliez Pregunta (1998, Auto Salon Paris)
- Concept S (2005, Geneva Motor Show)
- Miura Concept (2006, Los Angeles Auto Show)
- Estoque Concept (2008, Auto Salon Paris)
- Sesto Elemento (2010, Auto Salon Paris)
- Aventador J (2012, Geneva Motor Show)
- Veneno (2013, Geneva Motor Show)
- Egoista (2013, Grande Giro Lamborghini )
- Asterion (2014, Auto Salon Paris)
- Centenario (2016, Geneva Motor Show)
- Terzo Millennio (2018, Geneva Motor Show)
- SC18 Alston (2018)
Offroaders and SUVs
- Cheetah (1977, Geneva Auto Show)
- LM001 (1981, Geneva Auto Show, SUV)
- LM002 (1982, Geneva Auto Show)
- LM003 (SUV 1983)
- LM004 (SUV 1984 study with marine engine)
- LM005 Lagartijo (SUV)
- Urus (SUV)
Lamborghini in Formula 1
Between 1987 and 1993 Lamborghini competed with Ferrari in Formula 1. The operation was carried out by Lamborghini Engineering, a subsidiary in Modena , which was largely led by the former Ferrari employee Mauro Forghieri . Lamborghini Engineering was mainly active as an engine supplier for other teams; in addition, they used their own chassis in the 1991 season, which was reported to the Formula 1 World Championship under the name Modena Team . Other customer teams were BMS Scuderia Italia , Larrousse , Ligier , Lotus and Minardi .
Cooperation with other manufacturers
Vector M12 / M12 GT2
The Indonesian company MegaTech Ltd., to which Lamborghini belonged between 1994 and 1998, also included the Vector Aeromotive Corporation , where the Vector M12 was developed in 1995 , but for which the Chevrolet engine from its predecessor W8 was no longer used. Since the two companies were now united under one roof, the Diablo's engine and Brembo brake system were installed as standard in the new Vector, which was introduced in 1996. In 1998 the M12 was converted into the racing version M12 GT2 by the ASR ( American Spirit of Racing ) team and successfully used in three races with the Diablo engine before it was used as a development vehicle for another Vector prototype.
Automóviles Lamborghini Latinoamérica SA
The Automóviles Lamborghini Latinoamérica S. A. is a contractor, the various usage and production rights in the field of brand name "Lamborghini" and the vehicle production of vehicles of Automobili Lamborghini Holding S. p. A. owns. Vehicles offered by this company are:
- Lamborghini Coatl (since 1994, based on the Diablo)
- Lamborghini Eros GT-1 (since 1996, based on the Diablo)
- Lamborghini Alar 777 (study presented in 2007; based on the Diablo and stylistically based on its predecessor)
ASUSTeK Computer Inc.
Lamborghini publishes the high-priced VX and ZX cell phone and notebook models in cooperation with ASUSTeK Computer Inc. The use of high quality materials and numerous Lamborghini crests make the notebooks stand out from the rest of the model range.
BMW
In 1976, the Bavarian vehicle manufacturer BMW decided to develop its super sports car, the BMW M1 , which was then designed by Paul Bracq , at the Lamborghini plant in Sant'Agata Bolognese . But Lamborghini took little care of the project and preferred to use the money invested by BMW to make the Lamborghini LM002 a reality . BMW then had the M1 developed by its own subsidiary BMW Motorsport GmbH .
Others
From the 1960s through 2008, Lamborghini Orange County was the world's largest Lamborghini dealer.
Lamborghini has also been building the powerful engines for offshore racing boats since 1971 . These aggregates - two per boat - have an output of around 735 kW.
In 1997, an officially licensed video game called Automobili Lamborghini was released for the Nintendo 64.
In addition to the plant, there has also been the Lamborghini Museum since 2001 .
Lamborghini has also been launching Lamborghini Magazine since 2005.
literature
- Lamborghini - All models to date . Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 1988, ISBN 3-613-01231-6 .
- Lamborghini sports car after 1964 . Typenkompass, Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2006. ISBN 3-613-02645-7 .
- Lamborghini - The history of the super sports car from Sant'Agata . Anthony Pritchard, Heel, Königswinter 2006, ISBN 3-89880-574-3 .
- Lamborghini - A Tempo Furioso . Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2006. ISBN 3-613-02554-X .
- Lamborghini Design Project. Uncompromising super sports cars with the motto Raw Material . Othmar Wickenheiser, Shaker Media Verlag, 2011. ISBN 978-3-86858-664-0 .
Web links
- Automobili Lamborghini SpA website
- Pictures and information about all Lamborghini models
- FundingUniverse about the company history (not up to date)
Individual evidence
- ↑ lamborghini.com - Board Management
- ↑ a b audi.com - Annual Financial Report 2019
- ↑ RWD Cars. ( Memento of the original from January 15, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 29, 2011.
- ↑ Interview with Ferruccio Lamborghini Thoroughbred. Retrieved August 17, 2018 .
- ↑ Schrader / Lillywhite: Classic Cars , p. 260.
- ↑ Oleski / Lehbrink: Series sports cars from 1945 to 1980 , p. 278.
- ↑ Wolfgang Blaube: Green Star. 50 years of Lamborghini. In: Oldtimer Markt , issue 7/2013, p. 246 ff.
- ↑ Stefan Grundhoff: Fighting bull from the end time film . In: sueddeutsche.de , March 5, 2013
- ↑ Thomas Geiger: Lamborghini Veneno - The most expensive car in the world . In: welt.de , March 4, 2013
- ^ Audi AG - Investor Relations. ( Memento of September 14, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Retrieved November 29, 2011.
- ↑ The SUV super sports car
- ↑ First notebook from the Lamborghini cooperation. In: asus.de , July 30, 2009, 3:00 p.m.
- ↑ Lamborghini in lederhosen. In: focus.de , May 2, 2008
- ^ Christian Wüst: Frenzied rescue service. In: Der Spiegel 2010/16: 142