Delta Air Lines

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Delta Air Lines
Delta Air Lines logo
Airbus A350-941 of Delta Air Lines
IATA code : DL
ICAO code : DAL
Call sign : DELTA
Founding: 1928
Seat: Atlanta , United StatesUnited StatesUnited States 
Turnstile :
Home airport : Atlanta
ISIN : US2473617023
IATA prefix code : 006
Management: Ed Bastian ( CEO )
Number of employees: 80,000 (2014)
Sales: US $ 40.362 billion (2014)
Passenger volume: 145.6 million (2017)
Alliance : SkyTeam
Frequent Flyer Program : SkyMiles
Fleet size: 844 (+ 243 orders)
Aims: National and international
Website: www.delta.com

Delta Air Lines , or Delta for short in the brand identity , is an American airline based in Atlanta and a member of the SkyTeam airline alliance . It is one of the major carriers in the USA and is the world's second largest airline in terms of the number of aircraft . In 2010, Delta was also the world's largest airline with a passenger volume of 111.2 million passengers, but has been in second place in the world rankings in terms of passenger kilometers since the merger of United Airlines with Continental Airlines . Since 2014, after the merger of American Airlines with US Airways , Delta Air Lines is now only in second place. In addition to American Airlines and United Airlines, Delta is one of the only three remaining traditional scheduled airlines with an extensive route network in the USA, the so-called legacy carriers .

history

Founded until 1991

The airline's origins go back to 1924 when aircraft manufacturer Huff-Daland Aero Company founded a subsidiary called Huff Daland Dusters in Macon , Georgia , which used agricultural aircraft for pest control . The Huff Daland Dusters company relocated to Monroe , Louisiana in 1925 and opened a branch in Peru in 1927 , with entomologist Collett E. Woolman and pilot Harold Harris hired to manage it . The Peruvian Airways, headed by Harold Harris, emerged from the Peruvian branch on September 4, 1928, which later became Pan American-Grace Airways . At the same time, Collett E. Woolman traveled back to the USA and in November 1928, with the help of three private investors, acquired the parent company Huff Daland Dusters in Monroe, which was for sale and which was named Delta Air Service after the takeover on December 3, 1928 - a tribute to us the Mississippi Delta . Collett E. Woolman took over the management of the new company, which initially only remained active in the agricultural sector and on June 17, 1929 its passenger flight operations with three Travel Air S-6000B on the route from Dallas ( Texas ) via Shreveport and Monroe (both Louisiana) to Jackson, Mississippi . The current headquarters in Atlanta , the capital of Georgia, was moved in 1941 and the company name was changed to Delta Air Lines in 1945 .

In 1953 the airline Chicago and Southern Air Lines was taken over and the common route network was marketed as Delta C&S for two years. In 1959, the Douglas DC-8 was the first aircraft with a jet engine to join the fleet. On August 1, 1972, Delta took over Northeast Airlines to strengthen its position in the northeastern United States. Through the takeover, Delta received its first Boeing 727-200s .

In 1987, Delta was able to take over Western Airlines with its aviation hubs in Salt Lake City and Los Angeles , making it the fourth largest airline in the United States and fifth largest in the world. Shortly before Pan American World Airways went bankrupt in 1991, its transatlantic route network including part of the fleet and the Pan-Am terminal at John F. Kennedy International Airport were taken over for 1.3 billion US dollars .

Since 2000

Together with American Airlines , United Airlines , US Airways , Continental Airlines and Boeing , Delta Air Lines filed a lawsuit against the FBI and the CIA in response to the September 11, 2001 attacks. The aim was to clarify the question of whether the aviation industry is complicit in the terrorist attacks and / or whether its reactions were correct and appropriate.

The company cut more than 20,000 jobs between 2001 and 2004, and in the spring of 2004 the management made another 7,000 jobs available. Starting in the fall of 2004, Delta tried to avert an impending bankruptcy through a tough restructuring plan that provided savings of six billion US dollars by 2006 . In view of the high fuel prices and based on annual sales of around fifteen billion US dollars, the plan was described in press reports from the start as pure waste . In the summer of 2005, in view of rising fuel prices and other costs, Delta had to sell its subsidiary Atlantic Southeast Airlines to the regional airline SkyWest Airlines for $ 425 million in order to use the proceeds to pay off debts totaling $ 100 million.

In the second quarter of 2005, Delta was able to reduce the losses to 388 million US dollars - after almost two billion US dollars in the previous year. On September 14, 2005, Delta filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy , which is possible under US law while operations are ongoing. Overall, the company said it had accumulated a mountain of debt of $ 20 billion.

The company was able to fend off a hostile takeover by the rival company US Airways , which was aimed at during the turn of the year 2006/2007 . On April 27, 2007, Delta Air Lines announced that it would leave bankruptcy protection on April 30. As of May 3, 2007, new shares were issued on the New York Stock Exchange and most of them were distributed to the creditors. The company's old shares became worthless at this point.

On April 14, 2008, Delta Air Lines and Northwest Airlines announced that they want to merge to form what is currently the largest airline in the world. The joint company is managed under the name Delta by the previous Delta boss Richard Anderson . The US antitrust authorities approved the merger on October 29, 2008, so that the merger was completed with effect from that date.

At the beginning of 2012 there was a slot swap between Delta Air Lines and US Airways . Delta Air Lines gave slots at Washington National Airport to US Airways and received LaGuardia slots in New York from US Airways. In 2012 it was also announced that Delta plans to significantly reduce the number of its regional aircraft with fewer than 50 seats. For this reason, the flight operations of the regional subsidiary Comair will also be discontinued. The remaining Comair aircraft will be integrated into the main line Delta Air Lines. Furthermore, as a replacement for the 50-seater 88  Boeing 717s are to be leased from Southwest Airlines , which will also be flown mainline.

On April 28, 2016, Delta Air Lines announced a firm order for 75 Airbus A220-100s and also secured options for 50 more aircraft of the same type. Delta becomes the largest operator of the A220. They are supposed to replace the 80 outdated Boeing 717s . In December 2016, however, all Boeing 787s ordered by Northwest Airlines in 2005 were canceled.

Holdings

Delta owns 49% of Virgin Atlantic Airways , 4.1% of Aeroméxico , 3.6% of China Eastern and 2.9% of Gol Linhas Aéreas . According to press reports, Delta plans to increase its stake in Gol to 10% as soon as new shares are issued. This trade has already been approved by the relevant antitrust authorities. In November 2015, Delta announced that it would increase its stake in Aeroméxico to 49%.

censorship

Delta had a same-sex love scene and the word " lesbian " cut from the film Booksmart and references to gays in the biographical film Rocketman about Elton John for the screening on board . At the same time, Delta says it sponsors Gay Pride parades worldwide . "Apparently Pride is over at 9,000 meters," commented the Guardian .

Destinations

Countries served by Delta

Delta Air Lines serves many European destinations from the Atlanta hub and bases in New York-JFK and Detroit. The hubs in Tokyo-Narita and Amsterdam were taken over by Northwest Airlines .

Delta Air Lines serves six cities in German-speaking countries on ten routes:

  • from Atlanta 1 × daily to Frankfurt and Zurich (Boeing 767-300) and 1 × daily to Düsseldorf, Munich and Stuttgart (Boeing 767-400)
  • from Detroit once a day to Frankfurt and Munich (Boeing 767-300)
  • from New York-JFK once a day to Berlin-Tegel (Boeing 767-400), Frankfurt (Boeing 767-300) and Zurich (Boeing 767-400).


Former flights to Germany:

  • Berlin: 1991 - 1995 Atlanta - Hamburg - Berlin, 1991 - 1997 New York / JFK - Berlin - Warsaw, 2005 - 2011 New York / JFK - Berlin
  • Frankfurt: Delta Air Lines operated a hub in Frankfurt until 1997, which Pan Am took over in 1991 together with the transatlantic routes. There were flights to Athens, Mumbai, Budapest, Cincinnati, Dallas, Delhi, Istanbul, Los Angeles, Miami, Moscow, Orlando, Prague, Vienna-Bucharest, Warsaw and Washington DC. Some of the destinations were offered beyond 1997.
  • Hamburg: 1989 - 1991 Atlanta - London / Gatwick - Hamburg, 1991 - 1995 Atlanta - Hamburg - Berlin, 1991 - 1995 New York / JFK (- Amsterdam) - Hamburg, 1998 - 2000 Atlanta - Hamburg
  • Stuttgart: 1998 - 2000 New York / JFK - Stuttgart

fleet

Airbus A220-100 of the Delta
Airbus A320-200 of Delta
Airbus A330-300 of the Delta
Boeing 717-200 of the Delta
Delta Air Lines Boeing 737-800
Boeing 757-300 of the Delta
Boeing 767-300ER of the Delta
Delta Air Lines Boeing 777-200LR

Current fleet

As of the beginning of June 2020, the Delta Air Lines fleet consists of 844 aircraft with an average age of 14.4 years:

Aircraft type number ordered Remarks Seats
( First / Business / Eco + / Eco )
Average age

(June 2020)

Airbus A220-100 31 14th first delivery in October 2018; to replace Boeing 717; + 35 options 109 (- / 12/15/82) 1.0 years
Airbus A220-300 50 were converted from A220-100 orders, shipping between 2021 and 2023 130 (distribution open)
Airbus A319-100 57 132 (12 / - / 18/102) 18.4 years
Airbus A320-200 62 older aircraft are to be phased out from 2021 150 (12 / - / 18/120)
157 (16 / - / 18/123)
160 (16 / - / 18/126)
24.8 years
Airbus A321-200 100 27 Delivery by 2021 192 (20 / - / 29/143) 2.1 years
Airbus A321neo 100 Delivery probably from 2020 to 2023, with PW1000G engines, replacing MD-88 and MD-90 as well as 757 and older A320s; + 100 options 197 (20 / - / 30/147)
Airbus A330-200 11 Delta Air Lines operates the largest A330 fleet in the United States; Will be retrofitted with Premium Select seats by 2021 234 (- / 34/32/168) 15.2 years
Airbus A330-300 31 293 (- / 34/40/219) 11.4 years
Airbus A330-900neo 5 30th Shipment from 2019, based in Seattle, will replace 767 281 (- / 29/28/224) 0.9 years
Airbus A350-900 13 22nd 767 will replace 10 orders were from Latam taken 306 (- / 32/48/226) 2.3 years
Boeing 717-200 91 Delta Air Lines operates by far the largest 717 fleet in the world; three inactive; are replaced by A220 110 (12 / - / 15/83) 18.8 years
Boeing 737-700 10 Equipped with winglets , evacuation planned 124 (12 / - / 18/94) 11.4 years
Boeing 737-800 77 equipped with winglets 160 (16 / - / 36/108) 18.8 years
Boeing 737-900ER 130 equipped with winglets 180 (20 / - / 21/139) 3.8 years
Boeing 757-200 111 Delta Air Lines operates the largest 757 fleet in the world and the largest of the 757-200; 84 equipped with winglets; will be replaced by the 737-900ER and A321-200 168 (- /
16/44/108 ) 169 (20 / - / 21/128)
180 (24 / - / 21/135)
193 (20 / - / 41/132)
199 (20 / - / 29/150)
23.6 years
Boeing 757-300 16 equipped with winglets 234 (24 / - / 32/178) 17.4 years
Boeing 767-300ER 56 equipped with winglets 208 (- / 36/29/143)
211 (- / 36/32/143)
226 (- / 26/29/171)
226 (- / 26/35/165)
261 (30 / - / 35/196)
24.1 years
Boeing 767-400ER 21st Delta Air Lines operates the largest 767-400 fleet in the world 246 (- / 40/28/178) 19.5 years
Boeing 777-200ER 8th Phasing out planned for the end of 2020 291 (- / 37/36/218) 15.4 years
Boeing 777-200LR 10 Phasing out planned for the end of 2020
McDonnell Douglas MD-88 1 Delta Air Lines operated the world's largest fleet of MD-80s. Will be phased out in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic . 149 (16 / - / 25/108) 29.8 years
McDonnell Douglas MD-90 3 Delta Air Lines operated by far the world's largest fleet of the MD-90. Will be phased out in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. 160 (16 / - / 25/117) 23.6 years
total 844 243 14.4 years

Practically all Delta Air Lines aircraft are equipped with a system for wireless internet use on board via WLAN from the provider Gogo Inflight Internet , which means that internet use is possible almost worldwide for a fee even during the flight. The use of the WLAN exclusively for the services iMessage , Facebook Chat and WhatsApp is free of charge.

Delta Connection

As of July 2013, several independent regional airlines and subsidiaries of Delta Air Lines operate an extensive network of regional and feeder flights under the umbrella brand Delta Connection .

Aircraft type active ordered Remarks
Bombardier CRJ100 005 operated by Skywest Airlines
Bombardier CRJ200 265 operated by ExpressJet Airlines (81), Endeavor Air (140) and Skywest Airlines (44)
Bombardier CRJ700 081 operated by ExpressJet Airlines (41), GoJet Airlines (22) and Skywest Airlines (18)
Bombardier CRJ900 101 40 operated by ExpressJet Airlines (28), Skywest Airlines (32) and Endeavor Air (41)
Embraer ERJ 145 025th operated by Chautauqua Airlines
Embraer 170 018th operated by Compass Airlines (6) and Shuttle America (12)
Embraer 175 052 operated by Compass Airlines (36) and Shuttle America (16)
Delta Connection 547 40

Former aircraft types

In the course of its history, Delta Air Lines has used the following types of aircraft, among others:

airbus Boeing Convair Douglas Lockheed Stinson
Airbus A310-200 / -300 Boeing 727-100 / -200 1 Convair CV-340 Douglas DC-2 Lockheed L-10 Stinson Model A
Boeing 737-200 / -300 Convair CV-440 Douglas DC-3 / C-47 Lockheed L-049 / -149 / -649A / -749A Stinson Model T
Boeing 747-100 Convair CV-880 Douglas DC-4 Lockheed L-100-20 Hercules
Boeing 747-400 Douglas DC-6 Lockheed L-1011-1 / -200 / -250 / -500
Boeing 767-200 Douglas DC-7 / -7B
Douglas DC-8-11 / -12 / -33 / -51 / -61 / -71
Douglas DC-9-14 / -15 / -31 / -32 / -41 / -51 2
McDonnell Douglas DC-10-10
McDonnell Douglas MD-11
McDonnell Douglas MD-82
1By taking over Northeast Airlines , Delta received its first Boeing 727s in 1972, including the 727-100 version.
2Delta used their Douglas DC-9 until 1993. After the takeover of Northwest Airlines , their DC-9-30 / -40 / -50 were operated from 2008. The last DC-9 was retired on January 6, 2014. The company was the last major operator of this type of aircraft in the USA.

Pink tarpaulin

The Boeing 767-400ER (N845MH) in pink in memory of Evelyn Lauder

In memory of Evelyn Lauder and her commitment to education and prevention in the fight against cancer , was one you already dedicated Boeing 767-400ER in Pink painted.

Incidents

  • On November 16, 1959, a Delta Air Lines Douglas DC-7B ( aircraft registration number N4891C ) on a National Airlines flight from Tampa to New Orleans crashed into the Gulf of Mexico for an unknown reason. All 42 people on board died.
  • On May 30, 1972, a Delta Air Lines Douglas DC-9-10 (N3305L) crashed onto the runway and exploded on a training flight during a touch-and-go maneuver in Fort Worth, Dallas. The crash occurred after the aircraft got caught in the wake of a recently launched McDonnell Douglas DC-10 , causing the pilots to lose control. All 4 people on board died (see also Delta Air Lines flight 9570 ) .
  • On July 31, 1973, the crew of a Douglas DC-9-31 lost control of the aircraft while approaching Boston. The machine crashed one kilometer from the runway on the ground, where 88 people lost their lives.
  • On August 2, 1985, a Lockheed L-1011-1 Tri Star (N726DA) was caught in winds during the approach to landing at Dallas Airport , which caused the aircraft to crash. 134 occupants and one person on the ground were killed in the accident (see also Delta Air Lines flight 191 ).
  • On August 31, 1988, the crew of a Boeing 727-200 (N473DA) initiated take-off from Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport ( Texas ) without the buoyancy aids being set correctly. The right wing touched the runway after take-off. The aircraft did not gain altitude, collided with an ILS antenna, and hit about 1070 meters (3200 feet) behind the sleeper. 14 people lost their lives (see also Delta Air Lines flight 1141 ) .
  • On July 6, 1996, a McDonnell Douglas MD-88 of Delta Air Lines (N927DA) suffered an uncontrolled engine damage while accelerating to take off from Pensacola regional airport , whereupon the take-off was aborted. The left engine, which had only been removed from another aircraft a few months earlier and mounted in the machine, exploded, debris broke through the fuselage and penetrated the passenger cabin. Two passengers were killed and five injured (see also Delta Air Lines flight 1288 ) .
  • On August 27, 2006, a Comair-operated Bombardier CRJ100 killed 49 people in the start-up accident . When it took off at 6:00 a.m. local time near Lexington, the machine rolled at high speed into a wooded area and burned out. She was on her way to Atlanta. The pilots used the wrong runway , which was 500 m too short for a successful start (see also Comair flight 5191 ) .
  • On December 25, 2009, an attack on an Airbus A330 failed . A terrorist attempted to detonate an explosive device smuggled on board shortly before landing in Detroit , but the person was overpowered by flight attendants and passengers (see also Northwest Airlines Flight 253 ) .
  • On March 5, 2015, a McDonnell Douglas MD-88 of Delta Air Lines slipped off the runway while landing in New York LaGuardia and got stuck in a bump at the end of the runway. 23 passengers were slightly injured and the aircraft was badly damaged (see also Delta Air Lines flight 1086 ) .

See also

Web links

Commons : Delta Air Lines  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
 Wikinews: Delta Air Lines  - in the news

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Bio: Ed Bastian, Chief Executive Officer. Accessed September 10, 2018 .
  2. a b Form 10-K 2014 (Annual Report). In: cloudfront.net. February 11, 2015, accessed on January 28, 2017 (PDF; 2.5 MB, English).
  3. Delta jumps to No. 2 US passenger carriers in 2017; airport still busiest in the nation , accessed December 26, 2018
  4. ^ Research and Innovative Technology Administration - Bureau of Transportation Statistics: TranStats , bts.gov, accessed: May 1, 2012.
  5. USA Today - American riding out turbulent period (English) April 15, 2012
  6. ^ Delta Air Lines, History: Timeline of airline (in English), accessed March 26, 2019
  7. Delta Museum, Delta's First Passenger Flight, June 17 1929 (in English), accessed March 26, 2019
  8. a b " Delta Through the Decades " (July 17, 2006)
  9. Christian Scherbel: Airlines are suing FBI and CIA. In: aerosecure.de . August 9, 2007, accessed January 28, 2017.
  10. [Delta Airlines, Annual Report 2004, page F-6 (English)]
  11. Northwest and Delta end bankruptcy proceedings. In: aerosecure.de. June 23, 2007. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
  12. US Airways turns to Delta Air Lines . In: FAZ . No. 267 , November 16, 2006, p. 14 ( online ).
  13. Delta Air Lines expects the creditors to approve the restructuring program. In: FinanzNachrichten.de. April 17, 2007. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
  14. http://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/dyn/news/newsticker/861290.html
  15. ^ Notice from Northwest Airlines regarding the takeover by Delta Air Lines ( Memento from January 8, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  16. US Airways grows from Washington National. ( Memento of the original from February 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: nur-flug-tours.de . April 16, 2012. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.nur-flug-tours.de
  17. Delta ceases operations of its regional subsidiary Comair. In: aero.de . July 30, 2012.
  18. Definitely: Delta orders up to 125 Bombardier C-Series. In: aeroTELEGRAPH. April 28, 2016. Retrieved April 28, 2016 .
  19. ^ Order from Bombardier: Delta shakes the duopoly between Airbus and Boeing. In: aeroTELEGRAPH. April 29, 2016. Retrieved April 29, 2016 .
  20. ^ Delta, Boeing agree to cancel 787-8, order placed in 2005 by Northwest Airlines. In: Delta.com. December 28, 2016, accessed December 28, 2016 .
  21. ^ Brazil regulator approves Delta Air Lines, Gol deal. In: reuters.com. Retrieved December 2, 2015.
  22. Delta reaches for Aeromexico. In: aeroTELEGRAPH. Retrieved November 20, 2015.
  23. Jessica Campisi: Same-sex love scene, word 'lesbian' cut from Delta in-flight film The Hill , October 31, 2019.
  24. Aila Slisco: Elton John Biopic 'Rocketman' Latest Film Passengers Claim Delta Removed Gay References From Newsweek , October 31, 2019.
  25. Delta people celebrate #PrideInFlight, push for LGBTQ + progress Delta.com, July 2, 2019.
  26. Arwa Mahdawi: If the government tracks women's periods, why not track male ejaculation, too? Guardian , November 2, 2019.
  27. ^ A b Delta Air Lines Fleet Details and History. In: planespotters.net. June 11, 2020, accessed on June 12, 2020 .
  28. ^ Airbus - Orders and Deliveries. In: airbus.com. May 31, 2020, accessed on June 12, 2020 .
  29. Airplane - Find out about the airplanes you love. In: delta.com. Retrieved September 17, 2015.
  30. Now Delta has its first Airbus A220. AeroTelegraph, October 27, 2018.
  31. Delta has the A220 first take off in New York. AeroTelegraph, October 17, 2018.
  32. Delta extends Airbus A220 order book to 90 total aircraft. Retrieved September 8, 2019 .
  33. Delta extends Airbus A220 order book to 90 total aircraft. Retrieved September 8, 2019 .
  34. Order of 100 Airbus A321 Neo: Delta gives Airbus Christmas present | aeroTELEGRAPH . In: aeroTELEGRAPH . December 14, 2017 ( aerotelegraph.com [accessed January 6, 2018]).
  35. Delta selects Airbus A321neo for narrowbody fleet renewal. Retrieved January 6, 2018 .
  36. Retrofitting PS seats. Retrieved September 8, 2019 .
  37. Order assigned: Delta accepts 14 unwanted Airbus A350s from Latam. In: aeroTELEGRAPH. September 27, 2019, accessed on September 27, 2019 (Swiss Standard German).
  38. Delta lets Latam sit on the A350 - and pays for it. In: aeroTELEGRAPH. May 29, 2020, accessed on June 12, 2020 (Swiss Standard German).
  39. Delta is also parting with the smallest Boeing 737. In: aeroTELEGRAPH. July 14, 2020, accessed on July 17, 2020 (Swiss Standard German).
  40. a b Delta completely dismantles 777 fleet. May 14, 2020, accessed May 14, 2020 .
  41. a b The last US airline is examining them. May 5, 2020, accessed May 5, 2020 .
  42. Gogoair.com Participating Airlines ( Memento of the original from December 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed January 4, 2014 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gogoair.com
  43. ch-aviation - ExpressJet Airlines (English) accessed on July 8, 2013
  44. ch-aviation - Chautauqua Airlines (English) accessed on July 8, 2013
  45. ch-aviation - Compass Airlines (English) accessed on July 8, 2013
  46. ch-aviation - Endeavor Air (English) accessed on July 8, 2013
  47. ch-aviation - Shuttle America (English) accessed on July 8, 2013
  48. ch-aviation - Skywest Airlines (English) accessed on July 8, 2013
  49. ch-aviation - GoJet Airlines (English) accessed on July 8, 2013
  50. bombardier.com - Program Status Report - CRJ Series aircraft (English; PDF; 20 kB) March 31, 2013
  51. jp aircraft-markings and JP airline-fleets international, various years
  52. Flight International, various years
  53. Aero, various years
  54. aero.de - Delta sends last DC-9 into retirement, accessed on January 1, 2014
  55. austrianwings.info Delta launches DC-9
  56. Delta Dedicates 'Pink Plane' to The Breast Cancer Research Foundation® Founder Evelyn Lauder (English) accessed on December 18, 2015
  57. accident report DC-7B N4891C , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on 19 August 2017th
  58. accident report DC-9-10 N3305L , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on 25 February of 2019.
  59. ^ Accident report L-1011 N726DA , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on September 6, 2016.
  60. ^ Aircraft Accident Report: Delta Air Lines, Inc .; Boeing 727-232, N473DA; Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport, Texas; August 31, 1988 (PDF; 4.2 MB) Retrieved November 28, 2013
  61. NTSB : Third Update on the Delta Flight 1086 Accident at LaGuardia , April 2, 2015 (English, accessed May 10, 2015)