Infantry Regiment "Herzog von Holstein" (Holsteinisches) No. 85

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Infantry Regiment "Herzog von Holstein" (Holsteinisches) No. 85

active 1866 to 1919
Country State coat of arms Prussia
Armed forces Prussian Army
Branch of service infantry
Type regiment
structure see structure
Insinuation see insinuations
Location see garrison
march Mollwitz March
Butcher Franco-German War
Battle of Colombey
Battle of Gravelotte
Battle of Noisseville
Siege of Metz
Battle of Orléans
Battle of Le Mans

Western front

Battle of the Gette
Battle of Mons
Autumn battle in Champagne
Battle of the Somme
Spring battle at Arras
Siegfriedstellung
Third Battle of Flanders
Spring offensive 1918
management
Commanders See commanders

The Infantry Regiment "Duke of Holstein" (Holstein) No. 85 was an infantry joined the Prussian army .

organization

founding

According to the AKO of September 27, 1866, the Infantry Regiment No. 85 left the previous regiments of the 13th Division

emerged. For this purpose they had formed a 5th company for each battalion through levies from their companies . The latter had the regular number of NCOs and two thirds of the regular number of commoners . These twelve companies were clad by their regiments and on November 5th in Münster i. W. ( Headquarters of the 13th Division) contracted and armed. The officers transferred to the new regiment were also ordered there. On November 10, 1866, the new regiment were transferred to its garrisons.

Surname

On July 11, 1867, the regiment was named Holstein Infantry Regiment No. 85 , after the province from which it was mainly recruited.

On January 27, 1889, Kaiser Wilhelm II gave the regiment the final name Infantry Regiment "Duke of Holstein" (Holsteinisches) No. 85 . Members of the ducal dynasty of Holstein had served the Brandenburg-Prussian house for generations, and Duke Ernst Günther of Schleswig-Holstein was placed à la suite of the regiment.

Allegations

Franco-German War

First World War

mobilization

structure

  • 1st and 2nd battalion
  • III. Fusilier Battalion
  • A IV (half) battalion existed temporarily until 1897

I., II. And III. Battalion that are divided into rotating in the field

  • Rest Battalion (R Battalion)
  • Readiness Battalion (B Battalion)
  • Combat Battalion (K Battalion)
  • An IV (half) battalion also existed here temporarily

Subordinate troops

  • An MW company was formed to operate the new armament assigned on September 15, 1916
  • From October 1, 1916, an MG company was formed in each battalion
  • From October 12-day storm troop courses based on Rohr's model were held
    • an officer (or non-commissioned officer)
    • eight teams
  • during the spring battle of Arras the regiment was on 23/24. April 1917 reinforced by Battalion III./31
  • At the end of May 1917, each battalion got its own MW company

Assignments

To set up other units, the following had to be submitted:

In the First World War were given up

  • August 12, 1914 - 4th Company is assigned to Marine Cannon Battery 3 (return on October 20)
  • End of May 1915 - the 14th Company retires to form the new Infantry Regiment No. 187
  • August 5, 1918 - 11th Company was placed at the disposal of the 377 Infantry Regiment

Armament and equipment

Garrison church at night with regiment memorial
Regimental flag

Main armament

uniform

The regiment was part of the Prussian Army and wore the appropriate infantry uniform. In addition to the black, white and red imperial cockade, the black and white state cockade was worn on the helmet and cap. The epaulets were, as in all line infantry regiments of the corps from 1890, white with red numbers, the Brandenburg cuffs were white with yellow piping . The buttons were made of tombac .

banner

After the Franco-Prussian War, the flags were decorated with iron crosses and black and white ribbons.

The stick of the flag of the 2nd Battalion was hit twice by a bullet. He received silver rings with the inscriptions: "Failly, September 1, 1870" and "Artenay, December 3, 1870" at the injured areas.

The flags stood on the altar of the Rendsburg garrison church for the service .

After the end of the world war, the flags were transferred to the Zeughaus Berlin .

history

garrison

Rendsburg barracks
  • 1866
    • Rendsburg (I., II.)
    • Eckernförde (III.)
  • 1872
    • Rendsburg (I.)
    • Neumünster (II.)
    • Kiel (III.)
  • 1896
    • Rendsburg (I., II.)
    • Kiel (III.)

Campaigns

Franco-German War

Carl Röchling : Death of Major von Halden (Battle of Gravelotte, August 18, 1870)

The regiment received the order to mobilize on July 16, 1870 and arrived in Worms on August 1 by train . Together with the 2nd Silesian Grenadier Regiment No. 11 , it formed the 36th Infantry Brigade within the 18th Division under Karl von Wrangel . This in turn belonged to the IX. Army Corps under General of the Infantry von Manstein and to the 2nd Army under the command of Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia .

The regiment fought at Colombey , Gravelotte and Noisseville , took part in the siege of Metz , and fought at Orléans and Le Mans .

The actions of the fusilier battalion on August 18th near Gravelotte were recorded on a battle painting and hung in the officers' mess until the regiment was dissolved . Then it came into the care of the city of Rendsburg.

The regiment's war losses were considerable:

like wounded missing total
Officers 20th 29 0 49
NCOs and commoners 389 883 12 1,284

For the guns captured at the Battle of Le Mans, the Prussian King Wilhelm gave the regiment a gun douceur money fund, and Prince Friedrich Karl donated 6,000 marks for this. The interest should be used in favor of capitulators and non-commissioned officers.

The commander of the division gave the regiment his epaulettes and his campaign sword , which were then kept in the officers' mess. The officers' mess was also equipped with a rich library .

First World War

The regiment's mobilization at the outbreak of World War I lasted from August 2 to 6, 1914. Then it was relocated to Aachen . Together with the infantry regiment "Graf Bose" (1. Thuringian) No. 31 , it formed the 36th Infantry Brigade within the 18th Division, which was part of the IX. Army Corps under Ferdinand von Quast belonged to the 1st Army under Colonel General Alexander von Kluck .

officer man Horses MG
Catering strength 83 3,241 237
Combat strength 75 2997 6th
1914

On August 11th, the regiment first advanced from Aachen in the direction of Liège . On August 18 it received in the Battle of the Gette his baptism of fire . It then fought in the Battle of Mons near Obourg , in Château-Thierry against a dismounted French cavalry unit and in Courgivaux before the 1st Army was withdrawn.

After a skirmish while crossing the Aisne near Vic , the first 570-strong replacement arrived. With the conquest of Autrêche , when tambours were used for the last time , the war of movement ended for the regiment and the trench warfare for Moulin-sous-Touvent . Until October 1915, the regiment was there in the Touvent Ferme section.

1915

Apart from the section, the 1st Battalion (I./85) of the regiment, the I./Res 86, the II./163 and the machine gun division No. 75 became the "Richelot" regiment At the disposal of the 5th Infantry Division stationed in Terny-Sorny . This went with him in the first battle of Soissons of the world war.

The reserve battalion, along with other reserves, took part in a parade in front of the emperor in Blèrancourt on March 16 .

From the arrival of the replacement on March 30th, the 13th and 14th companies were formed into the IV (half) battalion of the regiment .

On July 18, the leader of the III. Battalion, Count von Kielmannsegg, appointed commander of the Fusilier Regiment "Queen" (Schleswig-Holsteinisches) No. 86 .

In September the enemy, under the commanders Joffre and French , had attempted to break through two positions, Artois and Champagne . In mid-October, when the battles were nearing their end, the 18th Infantry Division became part of the 3rd Army and was sent to the Battle of Champagne. The regiment was deployed south of Sainte-Marie-à-Pys . Less than two weeks later, the leader of the III. Battalion at the beginning of the war, Major Hagedorn , appointed commander of a regiment, the Infantry Regiment "Bremen" (1st Hanseatic) No. 75 .

1916

The gas attack on the company Neue Feldküche , which had been prepared since April 17 , could not be carried out for the time being due to the weather. The artillery was silent from April 23 (Easter Sunday) until the beginning of May. The activity decreased significantly in anticipation of the weather change. About a month later, on May 19, the weather conditions were finally more favorable for the company. Due to the long preparation, however, the enemy was prepared. By burning straw fires, the heat carried the gas over him.

The V. Reserve Corps dissolved the IX. Army Corps .

After 14 days of rest, the 85s were alerted and transferred to Estrèes . After considerable losses, it was withdrawn to the Leschelle stage on July 21st . While it was being replenished with replacements, the commanding general , Ferdinand von Quast , visited the regiment on August 9, before returning to Estrèes on August 19. The wear and tear there lasted for the 85s until September 9th. The division was loaded and transferred to the 6th Army in the Army Group Crown Prince Rupprecht as Army Group Reserve in Vitry-en-Artois before it was deployed south of Arras .

The replacement of the regiment that has been received up to now has consisted of Schleswig-Holstein, Mecklenburg, Hamburg and Hanoverians. The replacement received here, however, was intended to destroy the regiment's country team homogeneity. They were soldiers from Thuringia, the Rhineland, Silesia and Baden.

In Wancourt , the reserve battalion camp, the regiment's 50th anniversary was celebrated on September 28th. The Duke Ernst Günter of Schleswig-Holstein was the most important of the guests of honor attending this event.

In mid-December, the peace offer had just been made, the division was withdrawn from the front and transferred to the Ancre a week later . The 85s were there at Grandcourt .

1917

At a briefing of the 21st Infantry Division , to which the regiment was subordinate, the regiment commander Thümmel suggested vacating the position in Grandcourt and returning to the north bank of the Ancre. The division did this on January 13, shortening the front line by 1,300 meters. The 85s received the section around Miraumont assigned.

The stage to Blécourt started in mid-February . From here the regiment was called in at the beginning of March for the final preparations of the Alberich company , in order to then come to the resting quarters in Denain . The regiment between Fresnes das Gavrelle took part in the spring battle of Arras since April 11th. After the regiment lost its 2nd Battalion there on the 22nd, it was moved to the resting quarters in the 2nd Army's stage in and around Cambrai .

After a short rest period, the regiment was deployed at Rumilly . Although the English used tanks in the Battle of the Somme , the regiment fought them for the first time here.

The regiment moved to its next resting quarters south of Bruges in Flanders at the end of August . On September 13, it took part in a parade in front of Crown Prince Rupprecht in the division, before it was transferred to the Houthoulst section named after their forests on the left wing of the group " Dixmuiden " ( 4th Army ) . It should be there on October 8th III. The battalion and its regimental staff, which were put out of action by a direct hit, lose.

The regiment was withdrawn on October 13 in the divisional unit towards the eastern front . After a five-day journey, the "Eichhorn" Army Group reached Wilna . However, it was not used because it was ordered back to the Western Front while it was being prepared. First it was again by train, then on foot to Mulhouse , garrison of the infantry regiment "Prinz Wilhelm" (4th Badisches) No. 112 , where the division will arrive at the end of November. The division was under the Army Division B . Here, however, the regiment was particularly subordinate to General Command X (Gkdo. X).

1918
Operation Michael of the German spring offensive

On the Emperor's birthday in 1918, January 27, the regiment stood alongside other parades in front of the commanding General Schmidt von Knobelsdorf (Gkdo. X) and left Mulhouse on February 10.

The regiment was transferred to the “Busigny” group in Gonnelieu . This place was originally on the English side and was captured in November of the previous year during the German counterattack at the Battle of Cambrai . The division was subordinate to the XXIII in the German spring offensive . Reserve Corps under Hugo von Kathen , which in turn belonged to the Cambrai Army under Georg von der Marwitz . In preparation for the battle, the regiment were deployed on March 21 in the Siegfriedstellung south of Bony .

The capture of Ronssoy on the following day was recorded by the war painter Bachmann on a battle painting that was given to the city of Rendsburg after the war.

Shortly thereafter, the regiment was relocated near Chipilly in the Somme area. Pulled out in May, the regiment spent dormant in the stage of the I. Reserve Corps around Tournai until July 21st. Commanding General Kurt von Morgen visited it on May 28th . When the tide turned in the spring offensive, the division was transferred to the "Hofmann" corps . It was divided into three groups. One of them was the “von Enckevort” group. It was up to her to secure the heights around cuffies for the time being.

On July 27, the group marched to Augy to serve as the Army Group Reserve of the group "von Etzel" of the XVII. Army Corps to serve.

Withdrawal struggles

The 85s fought in the forest east of Launoy from the 30th and retreated the next day behind the Vesle to the Blücher I position. The regiment was now under the Guard Replacement Division before it left the association on August 7 and became a corps reserve. Under the command of the 18th Infantry Division, the regiment resumed on August 21, 1918.

The backward movement behind the Aisne began on September 2nd under the keyword “river navigation” . On September 27, the 7th Army was withdrawn into the “canal lock position” under the heading of “downhill” . On October 5th the regiment came to the resting quarters near Bresles , but returned to the front on the 8th at Malval-Ferme . On the night of October 10th, the 7th Army was moved back to the Ekkehard position along the Ailette , and on the 11th to the Hunding position .

The regiment transferred to the 18th Army at Grand-Verly on October 12th . This was withdrawn on the 18th on the east bank of the Oise-Sambre Canal . After the regiment here on November 4th its III. Battalion lost, it withdrew to the Esquéhéries position that evening . After leaving the Caesar position in the direction of Antwerp ― Maas position on the 8th , the remnants of the regiment were Hestrud on November 11th .

like wounded missing
Officers 97 183 8th
NCOs and men 1,864 6,664 2,218
Σ 1.961 6,747 2,226

Whereabouts

After the armistice , the 18th Army passed Namur and on November 15th crossed the Meuse near Dave (now part of Namur). In Malmedy , the companies elected shop stewards according to orders. On the afternoon of November 21st the regiment reached Germany, crossed the Eifel and on the 29th crossed the Rhine near Bonn . Following the acceptance of the Gone march of the regiment on the Rhine bridge by the division commander, Freiherr von Massenbach, the older vintages Regiment and the West were domiciled dismissed from the regiment. On 20 December, the regiment the honor at the Castle Wilhelmshöhe before Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg to be allowed to march past in the parade. In Hannöverisch Münden the battalions were loaded onto the train on December 23rd and 24th and arrived in Rendsburg on December 25th and 26th.

From December 26, 1918, the regiment was demobilized there . In February 1919, the Freikorps "Schleswig-Holstein" with the volunteer regiments "Seyfert" and "Schelle" were formed from parts . This was used in March in Berlin and in July 1919 in Hamburg, where it formed part of the security police.

A demobilization squad had been established by the regiment for the remaining disintegration work . The history of the infantry regiment "Herzog von Holstein" (Holsteinisches) No. 85 ended with the welcome ceremony organized by the city on New Year's Day 1919.

The tradition took over in the Reichswehr by decree of the chief of the army command, General der Infanterie Hans von Seeckt , from August 24th 1921 the 10th company of the 6th Infantry Regiment in Lübeck.

Commanders

Rank Surname date
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Adolf des Barres October 30, 1866 to April 11, 1870
Colonel Friedrich Wilhelm von Falkenhausen April 12, 1870 to June 10, 1872
Colonel Wilhelm von Voss June 11, 1872 to May 27, 1874
Lieutenant colonel Ludwig von Spangenberg May 28 to June 8, 1874 (in charge of the tour)
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Ludwig von Spangenberg 0June 9, 1874 to July 9, 1880
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Karl von Doering July 10, 1880 to November 11, 1885
Colonel Otto von der Wense November 12, 1885 to December 11, 1888
Colonel Friedrich Goldschmidt December 12, 1888 to May 15, 1891
Colonel Johannes Emil von Hanstein May 16, 1891 to August 17, 1894
Colonel Berthold Roether August 18, 1894 to April 16, 1897
Colonel Kurt von Sperling April 17, 1897 to April 17, 1901
Colonel Hermann Bickel April 18, 1901 to February 16, 1903
Colonel Johannes Konopacki February 17, 1903 to March 12, 1906
Colonel Adalbert von Seld March 13, 1906 to April 1, 1908
Colonel Johann Michaelis 0April 2, 1908 to May 26, 1910
Colonel Wilhelm Barre May 27, 1910 to September 30, 1913
Colonel Anton Digeon from Monteton 0October 1, 1913 to December 26, 1914
Colonel Theodor Richelot December 27, 1914 to May 30, 1915
Colonel Kurt Wilcke May 31, 1915 to May 1, 1916
Colonel Günther Bronsart von Schellendorff 0May 2, 1916 to
major Friedrich von Pommer until September 13, 1916
major Paul Thümmel September 18, 1916 to November 3, 1917
Lieutenant colonel Wilfried von Lettow-Vorbeck 0November 4, 1917 to March 21, 1918
Lieutenant colonel Julius von Enckevort March 22, 1918 until demobilization

Others

Flag of the association
monument

societies

  • Association of former 85s for Lübeck and the surrounding area

Monuments

  • At the back of the Protestant garrison church on Paradeplatz in the Neuwerk district is the regimental memorial dedicated on May 19 and 20, 1923 for the members of the regiment who died in the First World War. The figure of the infantryman on the pedestal was created in 1922 by the sculptor Richard Kuöhl . The base is made up of four brick steps. On it sits an exhausted terracotta soldier in a coat; the '85' on the epaulettes identifies him as a member of the regiment. He supports himself on his left arm and his steel helmet, which he holds in his hand. In his right hand he is holding a hand grenade and his eyes are expressionless on the ground.

The inscriptions on the front of the base read:

W-1R - Rendsburg (0SH) - InfRgt 85 - 02.JPG 1914/1918

OUR
HEROES INF.REGT. HERZOG VON HOLSTEIN
(HOLST.) NO.85

AND THE
TRADITIONAL TROOPS II./ IR 46
1939–1945

Inscription on the back of the base:

W-1R - Rendsburg (0SH) - InfRgt 85 - 004.JPG HIKERS MODESTLY TEND
YOUR HEAD TO DEATH
AND BRAVE

References

literature

  • Klein: The little book of the German Army. Publishing house by Lipsius and Tischer, Kiel 1901.
  • Carl Bleibtreu: Paris 1870–1871. Verlag von Carl Krabbe, Stuttgart 1902. Reprint: Rockstuhl, Bad Langensalza 2010, ISBN 978-3-86777-084-2 .
  • Stern: The first five years of Holstein Infantry Regiment No. 85. ES Mittler & Sohn, Berlin 1878.
  • Beltz: The Duke of Holstein (Holst.) Infantry Regiment No. 85 in the World War. In: Heider Anzeiger. Heath 1921.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Alfred Cramer : History of the Infantry Regiment Prince Friedrich of the Netherlands (2nd Westphalian) No. 15. Berlin 1910. Verlag R. Eisenschmid. Publishing bookstore for military science.
  2. ↑ Wolf Jan Dose (Ed.): The 187s in the field. Self-published, Hamburg, 1922
  3. ↑ Nikolaus Bachmann
  4. ^ Jürgen Kraus : Handbook of the associations and troops of the German army 1914-1918. Part VI: Infantry. Volume 1: Infantry Regiments. Publishing house Militaria. Vienna 2007. ISBN 978-3-902526-14-4 . P. 154.
  5. ^ Günter Wegmann (Ed.), Günter Wegner: Formation history and staffing of the German armed forces 1815-1990. Part 1: Occupation of the German armies 1815–1939. Volume 2: The occupation of active infantry regiments as well as Jäger and MG battalions, military district commandos and training managers from the foundation or list until 1939. Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück 1992, ISBN 3-7648-1782-8 , pp. 219-221 .