List of heads of state 1561
Overview
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Africa
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Ethiopia
- Emperor (Negus Negest) : Minas (1559–1563)
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Bornu (in present-day Niger ) Sefuwa dynasty
- King / May: Abdullah III. (1557–1564)
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Ifriqiya (East Algeria, Tunisia) ( Hafsiden )
- Caliph : Ahmad III. (1543–1570)
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Jolof (in what is now Senegal )
- Buur-ba Jolof : al-Buri Penda (1549–1566)
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Kano
- Emir: Muhammad Kisoki (1509–1565)
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Congo
- Mani-Congo : Diogo I (1545–1561)
- Mani-Congo: Afonso II (1561)
- Mani-Congo: Bernardo I (1561–1566)
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Morocco ( Saadier )
- Sultan : Abdallah al-Galib (1557–1574)
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Munhumutapa Empire
- Ruler : Chisamharu Negomo Mupuzangutu (1560–1589)
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Sultanate of Sannar (in what is now Sudan )
- Sultan : Abu Sakikin (1557 / 58–1568)
- Songhaeich (in West Africa)
America
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Governorate of Brazil
- Governor: Mem de Sá (1558–1572)
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Inca Empire
- Inca : Sayri Túpac (1544–1561)
- Inca: Titu Cusi Yupanqui (1561–1570)
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Viceroyalty of New Spain
- Viceroy : Luis de Velasco (1550–1564)
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Viceroyalty of Peru
- Viceroy : Andrés Hurtado de Mendoza (1555–1561)
- Viceroy: Diego López de Zúñiga y Velasco (1561–1564)
Asia
- China ( Ming Dynasty )
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Korea ( Joseon Dynasty )
- King : Myeongjong (1545–1567)
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Mughal Empire
- Great Mughal : Akbar I. (1556–1605)
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Thailand
- King : Maha Chakrapat (1548–1568)
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Vietnam
- North ( Mạc dynasty )
- King: Mạc Tuyên Tông (1546–1561)
- South ( Hậu Lê Dynasty )
- King: Lê Anh Tông (1556–1573)
- North ( Mạc dynasty )
Europe
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Andorra
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Co-princes :
- Queen of Navarre : Joan III. (1555–1572)
- King of Navarre: Antoine de Bourbon (1555–1562)
- Bishop of Urgell : Pere de Castellet (1561–1571)
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Co-princes :
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Denmark and Norway
- King : Friedrich II. (1559–1588)
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England and Ireland
- Queen : Elizabeth I (1558–1603)
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France
- King : Charles IX. (1560–1574)
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Holy Roman Empire
- King and Emperor : Ferdinand I (1556–1564) (1526–1564 King of Bohemia, 1526–1564 King of Hungary, 1521–1564 Archduke of Austria)
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Electorates
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Archbishopric of Cologne
- Archbishop : Johann Gebhard von Mansfeld (1558–1562)
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Archbishopric Mainz
- Archbishop : Daniel Brendel von Homburg (1555–1582)
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Archbishopric Trier
- Archbishop : John VI. von der Leyen (1556–1567)
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Bohemia
- King : Ferdinand I (1526–1564)
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Brandenburg
- Elector : Joachim II. Hector (1535–1571)
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Electoral Palatinate
- Elector : Friedrich III. (1559–1576)
- Saxony ( Albertiner )
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Archbishopric of Cologne
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spiritual principalities
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Hochstift Augsburg
- Bishop : Otto von Waldburg (1543–1573) (1553–1573 Provost von Ellwangen)
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Bamberg Monastery
- Bishop : Georg IV. Fuchs von Rügheim (1555–1561)
- Bishop: Veit II. Von Würtzburg (1561–1577)
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Hochstift Basel
- Bishop : Melchior von Lichtenfels (1554–1575)
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Brandenburg Monastery (Protestant from 1544)
- Bishop : Johann Georg von Brandenburg (1560–1571) (1571–1598 Elector of Brandenburg)
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Archbishopric Bremen
- Archbishop : Georg von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (1558–1566) (1544–1566 Administrator of Minden, 1558–1566 Bishop of Minden)
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Brixen monastery
- Bishop : Cristoforo Madruzzo (1542–1578) (1539–1567 Bishop of Trento)
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Archbishopric of Cambrai
- Archbishop : Maximilian de Berghes (1556–1570) (until 1559 bishop)
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Cammin Monastery (Protestant bishops since 1545)
- Bishop : Johann Friedrich von Pommern (1556–1574) (1567–1569 Duke of Pommern-Wolgast, 1569–1600 Duke of Pomerania-Stettin)
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Chiemsee Abbey
- Bishop : Christoph Schlattl (1558–1589)
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Chur Monastery
- Bishop : Thomas Planta (1550–1565)
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Eichstätt Monastery
- Bishop : Martin von Schaumberg (1560–1590)
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Hochstift Augsburg
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secular principalities
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to bathe
- Baden-Baden
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Baden-Durlach
- Margrave: Charles II (1553–1577)
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Bavaria
- Duke : Albrecht V (1550–1579)
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Brandenburg-Ansbach
- Margrave : Georg Friedrich I (1543–1603)
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Brandenburg-Kulmbach
- Margrave : Georg Friedrich I (1557–1603)
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Duchy of Brunswick-Lueneburg
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Principality of Calenberg (-Göttingen)
- Duke: Erich II. (1540–1584) (until 1546 under the tutelage of his mother)
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Principality of Grubenhagen
- Duke: Ernst III. (IV.) (1551-1567)
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Principality of Lüneburg (1559–1569 joint rule)
- Duke : Heinrich (1559–1569)
- Duke: Wilhelm the Younger (1559–1592)
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Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel
- Duke : Heinrich II. (1514–1568)
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Principality of Calenberg (-Göttingen)
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Hanau
- Hanau-Lichtenberg
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Hanau-Munzenberg
- Count : Philip III. (1529–1561)
- Count: Philipp Ludwig I (1561–1580) (1561–1575 under guardianship)
- Regent: Johann VI. of Nassau-Dillenburg (1561–1575)
- Regent: Philip IV of Hanau-Lichtenberg (1561–1575)
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Hesse
- Landgrave : Philip I the Magnanimous (1509–1567)
- Hohenzollern
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Jülich-Kleve-Berg
- Duke : Wilhelm V the Rich (1539–1592)
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lip
- Count : Bernhard VIII. (1536–1563)
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Lorraine
- Duke : Charles III. (1545–1608) (until 1559 under guardianship)
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Mecklenburg
- Mecklenburg-Guestrow
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Mecklenburg-Schwerin
- Duke : Johann Albrecht I (1552–1576)
- Ortenburg
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Ostfriesland
- Regent : Anna (1540–1561) (regency for her underage sons)
- Count: Johann II. (1561–1591)
- Count: Edzard II. (1561–1599)
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Palatinate (Kurlinie see under Electorates)
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Pfalz-Neuburg
- Count Palatine : Wolfgang (1557–1569)
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Palatinate-Veldenz
- Count Palatine : Georg Johann I (1544–1592)
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Pfalz-Zweibrücken
- Count Palatine : Wolfgang (1532–1569)
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Pfalz-Neuburg
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Pomerania
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Pomerania-Szczecin
- Duke : Barnim IX. (1532–1569)
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Pomerania-Wolgast
- Duke : Johann Friedrich (1560–1569)
- Duke: Bogislaw XIII. (1560–1569)
- Duke: Ernst Ludwig (1560–1592)
- Duke: Barnim X. (1560–1569)
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Pomerania-Szczecin
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Saxony ( Ernestiner ) (1554–1565) shared rule
- Duke : Johann Friedrich II. The Middle (1554–1565 / 66)
- Duke: Johann Wilhelm (1554–1565 / 73)
- Duke: Johann Friedrich III. the younger (1554–1565)
- Saxony-Lauenburg ( Askanier )
- Württemberg
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to bathe
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Italian states
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Ferrara , Modena and Reggio
- Duke : Alfonso II. D'Este (1559–1597)
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Genoa
- Doge : Girolamo Vivaldi (1559–4 January 1561)
- Doge: Paolo Battista Giudice Calvi (January 4, 1561– September 27, 1561)
- Doge: Giovanni Battista Cicala Zoaglio (September 27, 1561–1563)
- Papal States
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Milan (1535–1706 to Spain )
- Duke: Philip II of Spain (1554–1598)
- Governor : Fernando Francesco d'Avalos di Pescara (1560–1563)
- Duke: Philip II of Spain (1554–1598)
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Mantua and Montferrat
- Duke : Guglielmo Gonzaga (1550–1587)
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Naples (1503–1707 / 14 to Aragon or Spain )
- King: Philip II of Spain (1556–1598)
- Viceroy : Perafan de Ribera (1559–1571)
- King: Philip II of Spain (1556–1598)
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Parma and Piacenza
- Duke : Ottavio Farnese (1547–1586)
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Savoy
- Duke : Emanuel Philibert (1553–1580)
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Sicily (1412–1713 to Aragon or Spain )
- King: Philip II of Spain (1556–1598)
- Viceroy : Juan de la Cerda y Silva (1557–1564)
- King: Philip II of Spain (1556–1598)
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Tuscany
- Duke : Cosimo I de 'Medici (1537–1574) (from 1569 Grand Duke)
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Urbino
- Duke : Guidobaldo II. Della Rovere (1538–1574)
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Venice
- Doge : Gerolamo Priuli (1559–1567)
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Ferrara , Modena and Reggio
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Order of St. John in Malta
- Grand Master : Jean de la Valette (1557–1568)
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Courland and Semigallia
- Duke : Gotthard Kettler (1561–1587)
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Livonia (secularized in 1561, see Courland and Semgallia)
- Landmeister : Gotthard Kettler (1559–1561)
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Moldova
- Prince : Alexandru Lăpușneanu (1552–1561) (1564–1568)
- Prince: Despot Vodă (1561–1563)
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Navarre
- Queen : Johanna III. (1555–1572)
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Ottoman Empire
- Sultan : Suleyman I the Magnificent (1520–1566)
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Poland
- King : Sigismund II August (1548–1572)
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Portugal
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King : Sebastian (1557–1578) (until 1568 under guardianship)
- Regent: Cardinal Heinrich (1557–1568) (1578–1580 King of Portugal)
- Regent: Catherine of Castile (1557–1568)
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King : Sebastian (1557–1578) (until 1568 under guardianship)
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Scotland
- Queen : Maria Stuart (1542–1567)
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Hungary (rule disputed)
- King : Ferdinand I (1526–1564) (1556–1564 Emperor, 1526–1564 King of Bohemia, 1521–1564 Archduke of Austria)
- King: Johann Sigismund Zápolya (1540–1570) (1570–1571 Prince of Transylvania)
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Wallachia (under Ottoman rule)
- Voivode : Petre cel Tanar (1559–1568)