Peñaranda de Duero

Peñaranda de Duero municipality
	Peñaranda de Duero - the townscape
Basic data
Autonomous Community :	Castile and Leon
Province :	Burgos
Comarca :	Ribera del Duero
Coordinates	41 ° 41 ′ N , 3 ° 29 ′ W Coordinates: 41 ° 41 ′ N , 3 ° 29 ′ W
Height :	798 msnm
Area :	64.53 km²
Residents :	528 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Population density :	8.18 inhabitants / km²
Postal code :	09410
Municipality number ( INE ):	09261
administration
Website :	Peñaranda de Duero

Peñaranda de Duero is a municipality ( municipio ) with 528 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2019) in the Spanish province of Burgos in the autonomous region of Castile-León . The place has been recognized as a cultural asset ( Bien de Interés Cultural ) in the Conjunto histórico-artístico category .

location

Peñaranda de Duero is located on the north bank of the Río Arandilla , a northern tributary of the Río Duero about 19 kilometers (driving distance) east of Aranda de Duero and about 100 kilometers south of Burgos , at an altitude of 798 meters above sea level. d. M. The castle hill is about 60 meters higher.

Toponym

The name Peñaranda is made up of the words Penna and Aranda, which are derived from Celtic : Pen-Nos ("head, height, mountain peak") and Arauta or Aranda ("water in motion, wave, river").

Population development

year	1960	1970	1981	1991	2001	2007
Residents	1,507	1.104	821	730	592	507

In the second half of the 19th century until 1960, the place always had around 1,500 inhabitants. As a result of the mechanization of agriculture , the number of inhabitants has been falling since the middle of the 20th century.

economy

In the Middle Ages, the small town formed the artisanal and mercantile center of several villages and individual farms in the area. Today, besides viticulture, tourism is the municipality's most important source of income.

history

The area around Peñaranda de Duero was already populated in pre-Roman times. After the Islamic conquest of the Iberian Peninsula, the area depopulated and was only after the successful reconquest of Toledo (1085) under Alfonso VI. repopulated ( repoblación ). Shortly afterwards a first castle ( castillo ) was built, but it was redesigned in the 16th century.

Attractions

Plaza Mayor with the ex-collegiate church Santa Ana , half-timbered and stone houses and the court column ( roller blind )

Palacio de los Zúñiga y Avellaneda

Castle ( castillo )

City Gate ( Puerta de Muralla )

Beautiful half-timbered houses , which rest on large stone pillars, border the Plaza Mayor . In the middle of the square surrounded by mullion or arcade buildings course there is an imposing court column or pillory ( rollo ) from the late 15th century.

The west facade of the former collegiate church of Santa Ana , built in the years after 1540, has remained unfinished. The portal dates from the 18th century; at the same time the interior of the church was redesigned in a baroque or classicist manner. The main altar was designed by the architect Ventura Rodríguez . In front of the portal are eight monolithic columns with capitals , which - like the three busts of the emperors - were brought from Naples by order of the sixth Count of Miranda .

The Gothic column of shame , perhaps the most beautiful in the province of Burgos, shows lions with manes on the front, in which three shields are carved, which represent the coats of arms of the families Zúñiga and Avellaneda. Originally - as is common in the province of Burgos but also elsewhere - it stood outside the city wall, but was moved to the Plaza Mayor in 1959, where it has served as a decorative element ever since.

The palace ( Palacio de los Zúñiga y Avellaneda ), built in the 16th century, was commissioned in 1530 by Francisco de Zúñiga y Avellaneda, the third Count of Miranda. It was designed by Francisco de Colonia and is considered to be one of the most beautiful secular buildings of the Renaissance in Spain. The portal and the two-story inner courtyard are in the Plateresque style . Inside the palace there are rooms with beautiful coffered ceilings ; The elegant staircase is also worth seeing. Today there is a study center in the palace.

The Botica de los Ximeno is the oldest preserved pharmacy in Spain and still contains completely preserved original equipment from the 18th century. It was founded at the end of the 17th century by Andrés Ximeno Camarero for his son Lucas Ximeno Briongos and remained in the family for seven generations until 1960. It was then acquired by the city and reopened as a museum.

The castle of Peñaranda de Duero was built in the 11th century during the Reconquista to repel or at least stop renewed attacks by the Moors . For this reason it was originally constructed as a defensive structure. At that time, the Moors and Christians ran along the Río Duero. Their simple construction was later changed; It received its present form in the 16th century. The castle, which was previously only accessible via a drawbridge, is - next to the one in Frías - the most worth seeing in the province of Burgos. It is similar in location and design to that of Peñafiel in the province of Valladolid .

Some parts of the late medieval city wall ( muralla ) from the 15th century still stand; The Puerta de Muralla with its coat of arms and shell adorned gable is well worth seeing .

The Carmelite Convent ( Convento del Carmen ) was founded in the 16th century by the Duque de Peñaranda, D. Juan de Zúñiga. The partly baroque interior of the church was not built until the 18th century.

Web links

Commons : Peñaranda de Duero - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

↑ Cifras oficiales de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal a 1 de enero . Population statistics from the Instituto Nacional de Estadística (population update).

[1] Cifras oficiales de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal a 1 de enero . Population statistics from the Instituto Nacional de Estadística (population update).