Jaramillo de la Fuente

Jaramillo de la Fuente municipality
	Jaramillo de la Fuente - Church of Nuestra Señora de la Asuncion
Basic data
Autonomous Community :	Castile and León
Province :	Burgos
Comarca :	Sierra de la Demanda
Coordinates	42 ° 7 ′ N , 3 ° 19 ′ W Coordinates: 42 ° 7 ′ N , 3 ° 19 ′ W
Height :	1070 msnm
Area :	21.56 km²
Residents :	48 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Population density :	2.23 inhabitants / km²
Postal code :	09640
Municipality number ( INE ):	09183
administration
Website :	Jaramillo de la Fuente

Jaramillo de la Fuente is a place and a municipality ( municipio ) belonging to the poorly populated region of the Serranía Celtibérica with only 48 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2019) in the southeast of the Spanish province of Burgos in the autonomous community of Castile-León .

Location and climate

The small mountain village Jaramillo de la Fuente is located at an altitude of about 1070 m in the mountain landscape of the Sierra de la Demanda in the southeast of the province of Burgos. The distance to Burgos is approx. 50 km (driving distance) in a north-westerly direction; the next larger town is the small town of Salas de los Infantes , about 24 km south ; Also worth seeing are the ruins of the San Pedro de Arlanza monastery (approx. 26 km southwest) and the medieval town of Covarrubias (approx. 35 km southwest). The climate is temperate to warm; Rain (approx. 600 mm / year) falls over the year.

Population development

year	1857	1900	1950	2000	2018
Residents	403	492	301	36	49

The mechanization of agriculture and the abandonment of small farms have led to a lack of jobs since the 1950s and, as a result, to a migration of a large part of the population to the larger cities ( rural exodus ).

economy

The inhabitants of Jaramillo de la Fuente live mainly from cattle breeding, i. H. from the dairy and cheese industry; Because of the cold and rocky altitude, arable farming is only possible to a limited extent. In the last few decades tourism (day trippers and rental of holiday apartments) has also played an increasingly important role in the economic life of the small mountain community.

history

Little is known about the history of Jaramillo. As the Romanesque church from the 12th century shows, the place must have been inhabited as early as the Middle Ages; for a long time he belonged to the monastery of San Pedro de Arlanza . In a directory from 1591, the place Xaramillo de la Fuente is written.

Attractions

South porch from the inside

portal

The single-aisled Romanesque church of Nuestra Señora de la Asunción is surmounted by an imposing west tower with two bell- storeys opened by double arcades in all four directions. An apse divided by two columns with a - partly figurative - console frieze under the eaves testifies to the artistic creative drive of the builder. The architectural highlight of the church, however, is the asymmetrically designed seven-arched south porch (galería porticada) with its slender double columns on which - partly figurative - capitals rest; these mostly show hybrid creatures ( chimeras ) such as centaurs , griffins , harpies and sirens , but a crowned royal couple can also be seen. The third arch on the west side forms the entrance to the vestibule, about whose (religious and / or secular) purpose there is no longer any written record. Such vestibules can hardly be found further north, but in the provinces of Soria , Segovia and Guadalajara further south, over 80 churches of this type have survived (cf. San Pedro (Caracena) , San Martín (Segovia) and others). From the vestibule, a Romanesque portal decorated with abstract geometric motifs leads into the single-nave nave of the church, which was ribbed in the 16th century . a. houses a Romanesque baptismal font (pila bautismal) decorated with arches , a Gothic crucifixion group (calvario) , a Renaissance crucifix and a lavish baroque altarpiece (retablo) . The unusually rich furnishings for a village church indicate a certain prosperity of the population at the time of construction.

An imposing stone court pillar (rollo jurisdiccional or picota) from 1567 has been preserved in the village ; it served as a sacrosanct center in local court hearings. It is not known whether the wrongdoers were also punished on the pillar. Sometimes it is said that these - like in a pillory - were chained and displayed, although this is rather unlikely due to the stepped base zone. The top of the monument, which is framed by a parapet and designed as a ball-bearing obelisk , is unusual . Below the parapet there are two coats of arms with the combined arms of Castile and León (castle and lion).

Surroundings

A source (fuente) , which is also part of the place name, is located outside the village. Following the course of the brook you can still find the old millstones that were formerly used to grind grain. The mill building itself has been renovated and no longer corresponds to its original condition.

literature

Félix Palomero, Magdalena Ilardia u. a .: Jaramillo de la Fuente. (online at: sierradelademanda.com , PDF, 2.6 MB)
Constancio Bernaldo de Quirós: La picota. Crímenes y castigos en el país castellano en los tiempos medios. Madrid 1907.

Web links

Commons : Jaramillo de la Fuente - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Jaramillo de la Fuente - Photos + Info (wikiburgos, Spanish)
Jaramillo de la Fuente - Photos + Info (Spanish)
Catalog of churches with vestibules (Spanish)

Individual evidence

[1] Cifras oficiales de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal a 1 de enero . Population statistics from the Instituto Nacional de Estadística (population update).

[2] Jaramillo de la Fuente / San Millán de Lara - climate tables

[3] Jaramillo de la Fuente - population development

[4] Jaramillo de la Fuente - History

[5] Jaramillo de la Fuente - Church

[6] Jaramillo de la Fuente - Church

[7] Jaramillo de la Fuente - Church

[8] Jaramillo de la Fuente - Pillar of Judgment

[9] Jaramillo de la Fuente - Pillar of Judgment