Miranda de Ebro

Miranda de Ebro municipality
Miranda de Ebro - city view with castle hill and bridge Carlos III
coat of arms	Map of Spain
Basic data
Autonomous Community :	Castile and León
Province :	Burgos
Comarca :	Comarca del Ebro
Coordinates	42 ° 41 ′  N , 2 ° 57 ′  W Coordinates: 42 ° 41 ′  N , 2 ° 57 ′  W
Height :	470  msnm
Area :	101.33 km²
Residents :	35,522 (Jan 1, 2019)
Population density :	350.56 inhabitants / km²
Postal code :	09200
Municipality number  ( INE ):	09219
administration
Website :	Miranda de Ebro

Miranda de Ebro is a town and capital of a municipality (municipio) with 35,522 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2019) in the province of Burgos in the northern Spanish autonomous region of Castile-León in Spain . The city is located on one of Bayonne coming feeder of the Camino de Santiago ( Camino Francés ) ; its center is recognized as a cultural asset ( Bien de Interés Cultural ) in the Conjunto histórico-artístico category .

Location and climate

Miranda de Ebro is located on the Ebro River in a plain surrounded by several mountain ranges in the east of the Castilian province of Burgos, in close proximity to the Basque province of Álava and the autonomous community of La Rioja . The rivers Bayas and Zadorra coming from Álava flow into the Ebro on the outskirts. The distance to the provincial capital Burgos is approx. 86 km (driving distance) in a south-westerly direction; to Vitoria-Gasteiz and Logroño , on the other hand, it is only 40 km to the northeast and 60 km to the southeast. The climate is temperate to warm; Rain (approx. 730 mm / year) falls over the year.

and display information about the image

Miranda de Ebro - Panorama with Carlos III bridge

Population development

year	1857	1900	1950	2000	2017
Residents	2,848	6,199	18.094	35,631	35,608

Mainly due to immigration from the rural areas of the province affected by the mechanization of agriculture, the city's population has grown rapidly since the 19th century.

economy

Sugar refinery

Until well into the 19th century, the city was only a minor market place, but after the completion of the Madrid - Irun and Bilbao - Castejón railway lines, the economy developed increasingly towards trade, handicrafts and medium-sized industry. Added to this is the service sector (schools, hospitals, banks, insurance companies, hotels, restaurants, etc.), from which more than half of the population lives today. Several industrial estates (polígonos industriales) have emerged in the outskirts of the city .

history

Human settlement in the Miranda area can be traced back to the Stone Age . Pre-Romanesque cultures and Romans left traces here. After the collapse of the Visigoth Empire , however, the region was at times practically uninhabited due to its location in the border area between Christians and Moors . Only during the reconquest ( reconquista ) was the diocese of Valpuesta founded in 804 , to which Miranda later belonged. In the 9th century a number of monasteries arose in the area and in the following period up to the 11th century the first, hesitant settlement of the present city area took place. During this time, the Miranda area was part of the Kingdom of Navarre .

In 1076 Miranda de Ebro came under Alfonso VI. to the Kingdom of Castile ; the place received first economic and political rights ( foros ) from the Castilian crown in 1099 and in 1254 under Alfonso X finally city ​​rights . After a heyday in the 15th / 16th In the 19th century the importance of the city decreased significantly.

In 1937 the Franco regime established a German-style concentration camp in Miranda de Ebro to take prisoners during the Spanish Civil War . The camp was run by SS and Gestapo member Paul Winzer . The concentration camp lasted until 1947.

Attractions

Apse of the Iglesia del Espíritu Santo

new city center

• The oldest structure in the city is that began in the 11th century, but later repeatedly changed Iglesia del Espiritu Santo , with its exterior in almost deep space designed and rich with selected columns and figural capitals decorated high Romanesque apse . A capital of the portal shows a castle (castillo) and a lion, which could indicate the political unification of the kingdoms of Castile and León in 1230. The archivolts of the portal are richly decorated; above it runs a console frieze with heads etc. The vault of the nave (nave) shows unprofiled ribs .
• The externally unadorned three-aisled hall church Iglesia de Santa María was built around the middle of the 16th century in late Gothic and Renaissance styles . The three naves have star vaults of the same height . Two baroque altars of the former furnishings are still there, but the main altar was burned in the turmoil of the Spanish Civil War . Two marble tombs from the 16th century commemorate Don Andrés de Barrón and his wife Doña Catalina de Pinedo.
• Two important Renaissance palaces are located in the inner city area ( Casa de las Cadenas , Casa de los Urbina) ; The town hall (Casa Consistorial) also deserves attention.
• The 18th century Puente Carlos III is the main bridge in the city.
• Five modern parish churches enrich the image of the suburbs (Iglesia de San Nicolás de Bari , Iglesia del Buen Pastor , Iglesia de Santa Casilda , Iglesia de San José Obrero and Iglesia de Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles) .
• At the highest point of the city rise the ruins of the 14th century castle (castillo) .
• There is a court column (rollo or picota) nearby .

literature

• Patrik von zur Mühlen : Miranda de Ebro . In: Der Ort des Terrors , Volume 9, 2009, pp. 597–601

Web links

Commons : Miranda de Ebro  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Miranda de Ebro, churches - photos + information

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Cifras oficiales de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal a 1 de enero . Population statistics from the Instituto Nacional de Estadística (population update).
2. ↑ Miranda de Ebro - Way of St. James
3. ↑ Miranda de Ebro - Climate tables
4. ↑ Miranda de Ebro - population development
5. ↑ Miranda de Ebro - History
6. ↑ Miranda de Ebro - castle ruins