Pineda de la Sierra

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Municipality of Pineda de la Sierra
Pineda de la Sierra - Iglesia San Esteban
Pineda de la Sierra - Iglesia San Esteban
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Pineda de la Sierra (Spain)
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Basic data
Autonomous Community : Castile LeonCastile and León Castile and León
Province : Burgos
Comarca : Sierra de la Demanda (Comarca)
Coordinates 42 ° 13 ′  N , 3 ° 18 ′  W Coordinates: 42 ° 13 ′  N , 3 ° 18 ′  W
Height : 1195  msnm
Area : 68.77 km²
Residents : 106 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Population density : 1.54 inhabitants / km²
Postal code : 09199
Municipality number  ( INE ): 09266
administration
Website : Pineda de la Sierra

Pineda de la Sierra is a small mountain town and a municipality ( municipio ) belonging to the poorly populated region of the Serranía Celtibérica with only 106 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2019) in the northern Spanish province of Burgos in the autonomous community of Castile-León . The church of San Esteban Protomártir is one of the outstanding Romanesque church buildings in northern Spain and is recognized as a cultural asset ( Bien de Interés Cultural ) .

Location and climate

Pineda de la Sierra is located on the upper reaches of the Río Arlanzón in the heart of the Sierra de la Demanda at an altitude of about 1195  m . The closest city is the Salas de los Infantes , about 35 km (driving distance) south ; the provincial capital, Burgos, is just under 50 km to the northwest. The climate is temperate to warm; Rain (approx. 655 mm / year) falls mainly in the winter half-year.

Population development

year 1857 1900 1950 2000 2018
Residents 452 598 310 126 103

The steady population decline since the 1950s is mainly due to the mechanization of agriculture , the abandonment of small farms and the resulting lack of jobs in the countryside and especially in the mountain regions.

economy

Like the inhabitants of most of the mountain towns in northern Spain, the Pinediños also lived for centuries as a self-sufficient source of livestock ( sheep and goats ) and a little bit of arable farming ( barley and wheat ). A long-life cheese was made from the milk of the animals, which could sometimes be sold in the markets of distant cities. The same applies to sheep's wool , which, however, was also required for the manufacture of one's own clothing; ponchos etc. were woven from the goat hair. In the second half of the 19th and first half of the 20th century, many immigrants tried their luck as miners in the mines (iron, copper, lead and coal) in the area; however, these were successively closed. In the meantime, day and weekend tourism and the rental of holiday homes (casas rurales) play an important role in the economic life of the place.

history

The first written mention of the place comes from the year 932; it is the time of the repopulation ( repoblación ) of - after the conquest (conquista) by the Moors - largely deserted areas in the north of the Iberian Peninsula . Due to the ore and coal mines, the place experienced a brief heyday in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

Attractions

Iglesia de San Esteban Protomartir from the southeast

The Romanesque parish church (Iglesia de San Esteban Protomartir) , which can be assigned to around the middle of the 12th century, impresses above all with its south porch ( galería porticada ) , which is significantly more developed than that in the neighboring parish of Vizcaínos . It consists of a central portal - slightly protruding from the wall - as well as six western and five eastern arcades , the arches of which all call up on double columns with perfectly crafted and well-preserved capitals . Below the eaves of the eastern part of the vestibule and on the outside wall of the church run two figural console friezes with human heads and depictions of animals. The actual entrance portal to the church is protected by the vestibule; it consists of five profiled archivolts that rest on ornamented fighter plates , which in turn are supported by perfectly preserved Romanesque capitals. On the side of the archivolt arches there are two figures whose iconography is not clear. The interior of the church is barrel vaulted ; the apse has a semi- dome- shaped dome vault . While the apse on the outside is structured by semi- columns and ends with another console frieze under the eaves , the bell tower (campanario) built on a square floor plan on the north side of the churches shows neither decorative nor dividing elements.

Web links

Commons : Pineda de la Sierra  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cifras oficiales de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal a 1 de enero . Population statistics from the Instituto Nacional de Estadística (population update).
  2. ↑ Pineda de la Sierra - climate tables
  3. ^ Pineda de la Sierra - population development
  4. ↑ Pineda de la Sierra - History
  5. ↑ Pineda de la Sierra - Church