Ubon Ratchathani (Province)
| Ubon Ratchathani | |
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| อุบลราชธานี | |
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| statistics | |
| Capital: | Ubon Ratchathani |
| Telephone code: | 045 |
| Surface: |
15,744.8 km² 5. |
| Residents: |
1,803,754 (2009) 4. |
| Population density : | 115 E / km² 44. |
| ISO 3166-2 : | |
| Governor : | |
| map | |
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Ubon Ratchathani ( Thai อุบลราชธานี ) is a province ( Changwat ) in the northeast region of Thailand , the so-called Isan . It is the province with the second largest population in Thailand. The capital of the province is also called Ubon Ratchathani .
geography
The province of Ubon Ratchathani is located about 640 kilometers northeast of the capital Bangkok on the border with Laos (northwest to east) and Cambodia (south).
The Mae Nam Mun (Mun River) flows from the Khorat plateau at Khong Chiam into the Mekong . The triangle of Thailand, Laos and Cambodia is marketed by Thailand as the "Emerald Triangle"; this stands for the region's evergreen rainforest .
| Neighboring provinces and areas: | |
|---|---|
| north | Amnat Charoen |
| east | National border with Laos ( Savannakhet , Salavan and Champasak provinces ) |
| south | National border with Cambodia ( Preah Vihear Province ) |
| west | Yasothon and Si Sa Ket |
Important cities
climate
The climate is tropical-monsoonal with heavy rains from July to September and with drought from November to March. During the hot season there is sometimes 40 ° C in the shade, in winter the temperatures can drop to 12 ° C at night. In the rainy season, the parched land is often flooded.
The maximum temperature in 2009 was 39.3 ° C, the lowest temperature was measured at 14.7 ° C. On 114 rainy days fell in the same year 1976.2 mm of precipitation.
population
The generally poor economic situation in Isan is somewhat offset by the targeted promotion of some centers, such as Nakhon Ratchasima , Khon Kaen and Ubon. The rural population has been drawn to the cities of Isan and even further to Bangkok for some time .
Economy and Importance
Ubon Ratchathani is a trading center for rice , cattle and tobacco .
The sandy and dry soil leads to major floods in the rainy season, whereas in dry years the yields drop sharply. Rice, cotton , jute , silk , freshwater fish , cattle and pigs are the main products. Teak is felled in the forests .
In 2008, the "Gross Provincial Product" (was GDP ) of the province 84.137 billion baht , equivalent to 44,800 baht per inhabitant. The minimum wage in the province is 171 baht per day (around € 4).
Data
The table below shows the share of the economic sectors in the "Gross Provincial Product" in percent:
| Industry | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture | 14.3 | 14.9 | 12.9 |
| Industry | 10.6 | 12.1 | 13.0 |
| Other | 75.1 | 73.0 | 74.1 |
The industry that contributed the most to the province's economic output in 2011 was agriculture with 16.510 billion baht, followed by education with 12.248 billion baht, manufacturing with 11.316 billion baht, and wholesale and retail with 10.701 billion baht and the real estate industry with 7.925 billion Baht.
Land use
The following land use is documented for the province:
- Forest area: 1,896,945 Rai (1,185.6 km²), 19.3% of the total area
- Agricultural area: 4,238,470 Rai (2,649.0 km²), 43.3% of the total area
- Unclassified area: 3,705,111 Rai (2,315.7 km²), 37.7% of the total area
The province of Ubon Ratchathani has a total of 1,622 wetlands with an area of 96.3 km², which are used more or less intensively for agriculture .
Dams
The Sirindhorn dam dams the Lam Dom Noi over a length of about 40 km in a north-south direction.
traffic
Airport
Ubon Ratchathani Airport (Thai: ท่าอากาศยาน อุบลราชธานี ; IATA airport code : UBP, ICAO code : VTUU)
Rail transport
The province of Ubon Ratchathani has only two train stations, the Warin Chamrap train station is the terminus of the northeast line from Bangkok to Ubon Ratchathani
- Warin Chamrap Station in Ubon Ratchathani
- Huai Khayung Railway Station in Hua Khayung
Bus transport
- Ubon Ratchathani bus terminal
- Det Udom bus terminal
- Phibun Mangsahan bus terminal
Educational institutions
Universities
Ubon Ratchathani Province has two universities:
- Ubon Ratchathani University
- Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University (Thai: มหาวิทยาลัย ราชภัฏ อุบลราชธานี )
college
- Ubon Ratchathani Vocational College
- Polytechnic College Ubon Ratchathani
- Vocational College of Northeastern
- Boromarajonani Nursing College
history
Ubon Ratchathani as a community founded by Kham Phong , a son of Phra Ta from the family Suvarnkut , who with his older brother Phra Vo from Vientiane in the Isan was to create an independent territory. Kham Phong was appointed first governor of Ubon Ratchathani by King Taksin (r. 1768 to 1791) in 1784 and held this post until 1795. He was succeeded as governor by his younger brother Thit Phom, who administered the province until 1841, which as such in 1792 under King Rama I was formed. Later, Ubon Ratchathani was the administrative center of the Monthon Isan.
During World War II , Ubon Ratchathani grew considerably, largely as a result of Japanese efforts to build a railway from Bangkok to Warin. They mainly used prisoners of war. During the Vietnam War , the US Air Force built the Ubon Ratchathani Airport, which is now used for civil and military purposes .
Until 1972, Ubon Ratchathani was the largest province in Thailand in terms of area before the Yasothon province was split off. In 1993 the amphoe Amnat Charoen became the independent province of Amnat Charoen together with 4 other amphoe . Today Ubon Ratchathani is the fifth largest province in Thailand in terms of area.
See also: History of Thailand and the Ubon Ratchathani rubric
Attractions
- Phu Lon - (in the Amphoe Si Mueang Mai , Tambon Song Yang), Bronze Age excavation site (similar to Ban Chiang and culturally connected to it), with a Buddhist meditation center attached
- Wat Phu Khao Kaeo ( วัด ภูเขา แก้ว ) - Buddhist temple complex ( Wat ) in Phibun Mangsahan district, with a viharn that is completely lined with ceramic on the inside . The complex houses replicas of many unique Buddha statues .
- Kaeng Saphue ( แก่ง สะ พื อ ) - the most beautiful cataract in the province, rich in waterfalls and rapids, on Mae Nam Mun near Phibun Mangsahan; the best time to visit is the dry season, in the rainy season the rocks are under water.
- Huai Sai Yai - waterfall in the Buntharik district, only discovered in the late 1990s
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National parks :
- Khao Phra Viharn National Park ( อุทยานแห่งชาติ เขา พระ วิหาร ) - the national park is located in the Dongrek Mountains along the border with Cambodia in the south of the Nam Khun and Nam Yuen counties .
- Kaeng Tana National Park ( อุทยานแห่งชาติ แก่ง ตะ นะ ) - the 80 km² park is the 31st national park in Thailand. It is located 80 km east of the provincial capital. The Tana Cataract ( แก่ง ตะ นะ ) of the Mun River and some waterfalls are worth seeing .
- Pha Taem National Park ( อุทยานแห่งชาติ ผา แต้ม ) - bizarre rock formations, steep cliffs on the Mekong and numerous waterfalls for nature lovers; approx. 4000 year old rock paintings
- Phu Chong Na Yoi National Park ( อุทยานแห่งชาติ ภู จอง นาย อย ) - about 4 km outside of Na Chaluai. The 686 km² park offers a varied flora and fauna with night tours to observe tigers and big game .
- Other nature reserves:
- Yot Dom Wildlife Sanctuary - Wildlife park with a large number of animals and numerous species and the Kaen Lamduan waterfall
Symbols
The seal shows a lotus flower in a pond. This is reminiscent of the name of the province, which translates as Royal City of the Lotus Blossom . Also the local flower is of course the lotus flower. The local tree is the Yang Khao ( Gurjun balm , Dipterocarpus costatus ).
The motto of Ubon Ratchathani Province is:
- "Ubon, the city means the land of the beautiful lotus ,
- The river with the two colors is full of pleasant fish species,
- The banks of the river are bounded by attractive sandy beaches and rocks,
- The city that the scholars and the religious flock to
- The colorful candle festival is the glory of the city,
- Prehistoric paintings on the Pha Taem rock. "
Well-known sons and daughters of the province
- Ajahn Mun Bhuridatta (1870–1949), Buddhist monk
- Thong-in Buriphat (1906–1949), politician, Seri-Thai fighter, Minister of Industry (alleged Isan separatist, murdered)
- Ajahn Chah (1918–1992), Buddhist monk
- Jacques Vergès (1925–2013), French criminal defense lawyer
- Paul Vergès (1925-2016), French politician
- Sombat Metanee (born 1937), actor
- Chitchai Wannasathit (* 1946), policeman and politician, former Minister of Justice and Deputy Prime Minister
- Banyen Rakgan (* 1952), folk music singer
- "Mum Jokmok" Petchtai Wongkamlao (* 1965), actor and comedian
- Pornchai Thongburan (* 1974), boxing fighter
- Tai Orathai (* 1980), folk music singer
- Kiatprawut Saiwaeo (* 1986), football player
Administrative units
Provincial Administration
The province is divided into 25 Amphoe ('districts' or 'counties'). These are further subdivided into 219 tambon ('subdistricts' or 'parishes') and 2,469 muban ('villages'). Because some Amphoe became the province of Amnat Charoen in 1993 , the corresponding numbers are missing from the table.
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Local administration
A provincial administrative organization ( Thai องค์การ บริหาร ส่วน จังหวัด , short อบ จ. , Ongkan Borihan suan Changwat ; English Provincial Administrative Organization , PAO) exists for the entire area of the province .
In the province there are also 44 thesaban ('municipalities') - including one "big city" (the provincial capital), four "cities" and 39 "small towns" - and 194 tambon administrative organizations.
literature
- Thailand in Figures 2011 . Nonthaburi: Alpha Research 13 A. 2011. ISBN 978-616752603-4 .
Web links
- Page of the provincial administration with information about the province and counties (in Thai)
- Map of the province (with names in English)
- German information from the Tourist Authority of Thailand (TAT)
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Gross Provincial Product at Current Market Prices: Northeastern Provinces, National Economic and Social Development Board, 2011.
- ↑ a b Thailand in Figures (2011), p. 349.
- ↑ Edmund JV Oh, Blake D. Ratner, Simon Bush, Komathi Kolandai and Terence Y. Too (eds.): Wetlands Governance in the Mekong Region: country reports on the legal-institutional framework and economic valuation of aquatic resources . 2005.
- ^ University website
- ↑ royalark.net website by Christopher Buyers on the history of Laos (last accessed on May 17, 2010)
- ↑ worldagroforestry.org
North : Chiang Mai | Chiang Rai | Kamphaeng Phet | Lampang | Lamphun | Mae Hong Son | Nakhon Sawan | Nan | Phayao | Phetchabun | Phichit | Phitsanulok | Phrae | Sukhothai | Tak | Uthai Thani | Uttaradit
Northeast : Amnat Charoen | Bueng Kan | Buri Ram | Chaiyaphum | Kalasin | Khon Kaen | Loei | Maha Sarakham | Mukdahan | Nakhon Phanom | Nakhon Ratchasima | Nong Bua Lam Phu | Nong Khai | Roi Et | Sakon Nakhon | Si Sa Ket | Surin | Ubon Ratchathani | Udon Thani | Yasothon
Central : Ang Thong | Ayutthaya | Bangkok | Chachoengsao | Chai Nat | Chanthaburi | Chon Buri | Kanchanaburi | Lop Buri | Nakhon Nayok | Nakhon Pathom | Nonthaburi | Pathum Thani | Phetchaburi | Prachin Buri | Prachuap Khiri Khan | Ratchaburi | Rayong | Sa Kaeo | Samut Prakan | Samut Sakhon | Samut Songkhram | Saraburi | Sing Buri | Suphan Buri | Stepped
South : Chumphon | Krabi | Nakhon Si Thammarat | Narathiwat | Pattani | Phang-nga | Phatthalung | Phuket | Ranong | Satun | Songkhla | Surat Thani | Trang | Yala
Coordinates: 15 ° 14 ' N , 104 ° 51' E