Bözberg (pass)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Bözberg Pass
Bozberg

Bozberg

Compass direction west east
Pass height 569  m above sea level M.
Canton Aargau
Watershed Aare ( Rhine )
Valley locations Frick Brugg
expansion Street
Built 1779
Winter closure no
profile
Ø pitch 2.5% (221 m / 9 km) 3.6% (218 m / 6 km)
Max. Incline 8th % 8th %
Profile Bözberg.png
Map (Switzerland)
Bözberg (Pass) (Switzerland)
Bözberg (pass)
Coordinates 652 782  /  259 162 coordinates: 47 ° 28 '52 "  N , 8 ° 8' 20"  O ; CH1903:  six hundred fifty-two thousand seven hundred eighty-two  /  two hundred fifty-nine thousand one hundred and sixty-two
x

The Bözberg is a Jura pass in the Swiss canton of Aargau in the area of ​​the municipality of Bözberg . Over the pass at 569  m above sea level. M. leads the Hauptstrasse 3 on the shortest route from Basel to Zurich and connects the Fricktal with Brugg .

Two tunnels under the lead pass through it, the 2,526 meters long Bözberg tunnel of Bözberg the Swiss Railways and the 3750-meter-long tunnel of the highway A3 .

history

There was already a transition from Augusta Raurica to Vindonissa during Roman times . Mons Vocetius , mentioned by Tacitus in his histories , is likely to have been the Bözberg. A Roman milestone between Mumpf and Stein from the year 139 AD, the reign of Antoninus Pius , as well as a rest area with stables near Münchwilen and a road fort in Frick bear witness to this. At Stein, Frick and Effingen , remains of the Roman road body were found in the form of hard-baked gravel, in Effingen with a coin from Agrippa (27–12 BC). On the Bözberg plateau, only one coin from Domitian , 80 AD, was found on a Roman road that was not precisely located and another coin from the Flavian period , 69–81 AD, in the Bächle ( Oberbözberg ) in 1982.

"Römerweg" on the Bözberg near Effingen

In the lower harbor and south of the Spannagel, both hamlets of Unterbözberg , parts of a road were discovered which is probably a continuation of the popularly known "Roman road" near Effingen. Rudolf Laur-Belart exposed the section in the Windisch Valley near Effingen in 1922 and 1968. It has distinctive cart tracks with a track width of 100 cm from inside edge to inside edge and 110 cm from center to center, and it also has a passing point. No Roman finds were made along this road, but numerous horseshoes and hundreds of nails and nail heads were found in the cart tracks as well as in crevices next to the road, which can be clearly assigned to the Middle Ages. Since the Romans did not yet know the horseshoe and after comparing the narrow nails and square nails with other finds, Laur concludes that this “Roman road” was used extensively until the 13th century. It cannot be conclusively ruled out that this road was already used in antiquity. Even so, Laur even puts the name "Roman road" in quotation marks, since no Roman finds were found during his excavations. The only clue could be the name "Windisch Valley", which is likely to fall before the city of Brugg was founded in the 13th century, as otherwise it would have to be "Bruggtal".

During the Middle Ages there were three different routes over the Bözberg, all of which had their western starting point in Effingen. The northern one followed the course of the "Römerstrasse" to the ferries in Lauffohr and Stilli, the middle one over the Stalden to Brugg , the southern one over Gallenkirch and Linn to the ferry Birrenlauf ( Schinznach-Bad ).

Finally, the middle variant prevailed over the stalden. But this path was boggy, steep (up to 20%) and too narrow for larger horse-drawn vehicles. Traders and travelers therefore preferred to take a detour via the lower Aare valley and the Rhine valley on their way from the Bernese Aargau to the Fricktal in Upper Austria . At the urging of Austria , the city of Bern expanded the road after 1773. The opening took place in November 1779.

Only a few benefited economically from the expanded connection, including the horse owners in Bözen , Effingen and Hornussen (pre-tensioning services) and the tavern owners along the road. The general population on the Bözberg, however, had to provide for maintenance; this arduous task was not taken over by the canton of Aargau until 1859.

After the opening of the Bözberg railway line in 1875, traffic decreased significantly and the stagecoach course was discontinued. The importance of the Bözberg increased again after the Second World War because of the car. The road was widened and provided with a third lane on the inclines. In 1995, an average of almost 12,500 vehicles per day were counted. After the Bözberg autobahn opened in 1996, the pass was freed from through traffic between Basel and Zurich . Today around 3,500 vehicles cross the pass every day.

Web links

Commons : Bözbergpass  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Martin Hartmann, Hans Weber: The Romans in Aargau (p. 167). Verlag Sauerländer , Aarau 1985. ISBN 3-7941-2539-8 .
  2. ^ Max Baumann: Life on the Bözberg , Baden-Verlag, Baden-Dättwil 1998. ISBN 3-85545-843-X , p. 569
  3. ^ Max Baumann: Leben auf dem Bözberg , Baden-Verlag, Baden-Dättwil 1998. ISBN 3-85545-843-X , p. 570
  4. ^ Max Baumann: Life on the Bözberg , Baden-Verlag, Baden-Dättwil 1998. ISBN 3-85545-843-X , p. 18, p. 570, p. 573
  5. ^ Max Baumann: Leben auf dem Bözberg , Baden-Verlag, Baden-Dättwil 1998. ISBN 3-85545-843-X , p. 18, p. 572, p. 573