Overhead line mast

Overhead line masts: on the left a steel framework mast of a 110 kV line , on the right a concrete mast of a 20 kV line with a switchable tap

American medium voltage overhead line mast with mast transformers

The overhead line pylon ( colloquially electricity pylon or high voltage pylon ) is a construction for suspending an electrical overhead line .

If the overhead line mast takes on a pure support function, it is called a support mast . Overhead line masts at which sections of conductor cables end are called guy masts . There are also junction masts for the implementation of cable branches , cable end masts for the transition from underground cable to overhead line, as well as "end guy masts" for one-sided conductor runs, for example as the last mast of an overhead line in front of switchgear (see DIN EN 50341).

Depending on the electrical voltage of the overhead line, different overhead line masts are used. Depending on the raw materials available, the masts are made of steel, concrete or wood. In the DA-CH region , the steel pole is used most frequently in the upper voltage levels, while wooden poles are predominantly used in the lower voltage levels, such as telephone poles , for example . Mast types are increasingly being adapted to the necessary nature conservation , for example in order to present as few obstacles as possible to migratory birds .

Types

Messaging

Low voltage (operating voltage up to 1000 volts)

In low-voltage networks , three-phase systems are always designed as a four-wire system (the neutral wire is always a separate wire ). There are also two-pole stub lines for supplying individual houses with single-phase alternating current .

For this reason, three-phase overhead lines for low voltage always have four conductors: three phases and a neutral conductor. One possible arrangement of these conductors is in two levels (two on the top, two on the bottom traverse ). In addition, laying in one level is sometimes practiced. A fifth or even a sixth conductor cable can be present if the street lighting is also fed by the overhead line. In northern and eastern Germany, reciprocal mounting on the mast - left-right at 45 ° - with individual insulators is preferred.

Three-phase overhead lines in the low-voltage range usually have only one circuit . If two circuits are to be run in parallel on a mast, the two-level arrangement is usually chosen, with each half of the mast carrying one circuit. As insulators standing, more rarely hanging insulators are mostly used.

Wooden or concrete masts are mostly used as masts . The use of tubular steel and steel truss masts is rather rare for overhead line masts for low voltage. Often, low-voltage overhead lines are also laid using small tubular steel masts, known as roof stands , that are attached to the roofs of houses .

Cable pole in a garden settlement, uninsulated single wires were exchanged for aerial cables

Two-pole low-voltage lines always have one conductor for one phase and one for the neutral conductor. They are either laid in a one-level arrangement or have two individual insulators screwed into the mast. All of the above-mentioned mast types can be considered as mast types.

Two-pole overhead lines are also used to supply power to street lamps, since lighting fixtures are always designed for two-pole power connections. These are either attached to the lamp posts at the height of the lighting fixtures or on suspended structures above the street from which the lighting fixtures are attached. If different groups of lamps are to be switched, an additional cable can be used. Such a line system then has three conductors.

Earth wires are not used on overhead lines for operating voltages below 1,000 volts.

Medium voltage (1 kV to 50 kV)

Two parallel medium-voltage lines, one with hanging, one with standing insulators

In medium-voltage networks , three-wire systems are always used for three-phase systems. The star point is either low-resistance or inductively earthed in the substation. The masts must therefore be equipped to accommodate three conductors (or an integral multiple of these if they carry several circuits). The single-level arrangement is usually used for lines with one circuit . If only a small route width is possible, an arrangement in three levels offset on the mast makes sense. Single-level masts , Danube masts , Christmas tree masts and barrel masts are used for two circuits .

The masts used are mostly wooden, tubular steel or concrete masts (manufactured in a concrete factory), less often steel framework masts. In addition, such lines can also be installed on masts for high voltage (110 kV), usually on the lowest crossbeam. With masts that are designed for more than one circuit, not all circuits have to be installed on the same when the line is being built. Subsequent installation of missing circuits at a later date is widespread.

Both standing and hanging insulators are used as insulators. The former allow the masts to have a lower height, but there is a high risk of lightning strikes. The latter provide greater security against lightning strikes and can carry greater loads. The lines on standing insulators also pose a danger to large birds that land or fly off on the crossbeam between the insulators and can easily cause earth faults or short circuits. To avoid this, some lines in the mast area are covered with plastic hoods or a perch pole is installed at a safe distance above the upper cross member .

Earth ropes are only used in exceptional cases in overhead line masts for medium-voltage networks.

A special feature of overhead lines in this voltage range are overhead line pylons that carry a transformer station on a platform ( mast transformer ) and overhead line pylons on which a disconnector ( mast disconnector ) that can be operated from the ground with a long rod is mounted.

High and extra high voltage lines (50 kV and more)

Support mast with isolator (bottom left); Insulator group of a guy mast for comparison (bottom right)

Exceptional overhead line mast in Romanel-sur-Lausanne

As in the medium-voltage level, three-wire systems are always three-wire systems in the high-voltage level, however, exceptions are possible if, for example, the earth fault extinguishing coil for earth fault compensation is not located directly next to the power transformer. The masts used must therefore also be equipped to accommodate three conductors, or an integral multiple of these if they support several systems. Suspension insulators are always used as insulators, as masts mostly steel framework masts (lattice masts), more rarely tubular steel masts or concrete masts. Wooden poles are only used in Germany in exceptional cases.

An earth wire is almost always used for lightning protection . For more stringent requirements on lightning protection, it is possible to use two earth ropes, which are either mounted on the top of the top traverse, an earth rope cross member or V-shaped earth rope tips.

In Germany (and some other countries), overhead line masts for high and extra high voltage lines are mostly designed to accommodate two or more three-phase systems. For two three-phase systems is in West Germany usually Danube mast , rarely the fir tree mast, ton mast or pole used for single-level pylon. In East Germany, the one-level arrangement is a typical manifestation of overhead lines. In the case of masts for multiple circuits, it is not necessary to install all circuits on the mast when the line is being built. The practice of retrofitting individual circuits is widespread.

Often, medium-voltage lines are also run parallel to them on overhead line masts for 110 kV lines. Parallel routing of 380 kV, 220 kV and 110 kV lines on the same mast is also common. Sometimes, especially in the case of 110 kV circuits, there is also a parallel routing to railway power lines. Individual masts are also often equipped with cell phone systems. Optical fibers can often be found in the earth ropes.

Traction power line

Typical high-voltage pylon for a traction power line in Germany

Overhead line masts for traction power lines correspond in their construction to masts for 110 kV high voltage lines. Mostly steel framework masts, less often steel tube or concrete masts are used. However, traction current systems are two-pole alternating current systems, so that traction current pylons must be designed to accommodate two conductor cables (or an integral multiple thereof, usually 4, 8 or 12). As a rule, the masts of traction power lines carry two circuits, so that they have four conductors. These are usually arranged in one level, with one circuit occupying the right and the left half of the mast. With four circuits of traction current, the two-level arrangement and with six circuits of traction current, the three-level arrangement is possible. If space is limited, a circuit can also be arranged on two levels.

When running parallel to high-voltage lines for three-phase current, a separate traverse is usually provided for the traction circuits. If traction power lines are run parallel to 380 kV lines, the insulation must be reinforced to 220 kV, since dangerous overvoltages can occur in the event of a fault in the three-phase line. Overhead traction power lines are usually equipped with an earth wire. In Austria, it is also common to use two earth cables for overhead traction power lines.

Railway power lines can also be laid on a traverse on extended catenary masts . In the case of double-circuit traction power lines along double-track railway lines, each of the two overhead line masts is usually equipped with a circuit for a traverse. Occasionally, a two-level arrangement of both circuits is also used. The single-level arrangement, which is otherwise common for traction power lines, is rather unusual for this purpose, since overhead line masts have a smaller cross-section than conventional traction current overhead line masts.

High voltage direct current transmission

Overhead line mast of the HVDC Baltic Cable

High voltage direct current (HVDC) transmissions are either one or two pole systems. For this reason, single or double pole cables are used here. In two-pole systems, the one-level arrangement of the conductors is usually used and one pole is used on each half of the mast. Overhead line masts for high-voltage direct current transmissions are usually equipped with one, sometimes with two earth cables. In some systems the earth wire or wires are used as a line to the earth electrode. To prevent electrochemical corrosion of the masts, they must be attached to the mast on insulators bridged with spark gaps. In addition, the electrode line can also be designed as an additional conductor. In the case of single-pole high-voltage direct current transmissions, masts with just one conductor can be used. In such systems, however, the masts are often designed for a later two-pole expansion of the line. In these cases, for static reasons, the conductor cables are often installed on both halves of the mast, with one pole either being operated as a line to the grounding electrode or connected in parallel with the other pole, up to the two-pole expansion. In the latter case, the line from the converter station to the grounding electrode is designed as an underground cable , as a separate overhead line or using the ground wire.

Electrode leads

In some HVDC systems, the line from the converter station to the grounding electrode is partially or completely designed as an overhead line on a separate route. Such lines are similar in design to medium-voltage lines, but with only one or two conductors. In order to prevent electrochemical corrosion of the masts, these must always be attached to them with insulators. As with medium-voltage overhead lines, masts for electrode lines can be designed as wooden masts, concrete masts or lattice masts.

Compact mast

Space-optimized or compact masts are defined as mast construction methods that lead to a reduction in line widths with the same mast height or to lower mast heights with the same route width. In the area of maximum voltage, the route including the protection zone can be reduced by up to 50% through compact mast construction methods with the same mast height. The width of the protective strip is about 18 m on both sides of the mast axis with a height of the masts between 40 and 60 meters - in compliance with all currently applicable normative and technical specifications. The footprint of the compact masts is significantly smaller than that of the conventional masts. The more compact design (depending on the arrangement of the conductors) can also lead to a faster decrease in the electromagnetic field strength compared to standard designs. At the same time, there is a different visual appearance, which - depending on the solution - was rated more positively and more modern in public surveys and can thus contribute to a higher level of acceptance among the population. This has also been demonstrated in numerous projects with compact masts in the high voltage range (110 kV). The lifespan of the compact masts is around 80 to 100 years. Space-optimized lines are already being used in the European network in Italy, France, Denmark, Poland, Finland, Switzerland and the Netherlands.

Assembly

New construction of a mast over the Kiel Canal of the West Coast Line

Four circuit mast

Danube mast seen from below

High-voltage pylons made of wood or concrete are usually delivered as a whole and erected at the installation site. This also applies to tubular steel masts. Lattice masts can also be assembled horizontally and then erected using a cable. Although this method is still interesting today because of the reduction in work at great heights, it is rarely used any more because of the assembly space required. Lattice masts are often erected. This means that the individual mast sections (sections, booms and jibs) are lifted up individually by means of a truck crane . At the top, the parts are fastened and screwed by fitters. If there is enough space for pre-assembly, the individual parts of the so-called "upper part" can optionally be put together with a loading crane . The advantage of this type of assembly is the time and money savings, as most line construction companies have to rent a truck crane. However, this increases the damage to the fields many times over. High-voltage pylons in inaccessible places, such as in the mountains, are also installed with helicopters. It is also common to increase the height of lattice masts by inserting additional elements, for example to increase the height of the pipeline for construction projects under the pipeline. Such work is usually carried out with a crane, sometimes with a helicopter.

Lattice masts can be dismantled if necessary and, if necessary, rebuilt at a new location. However, this procedure, which is quite common in practice, only makes sense for constructions that are in good condition.

Climb

At the latest to remove lifting or pulling equipment from the freshly erected mast, it is climbed, which is also necessary for the assembly of insulators and conductor cables. Steel lattice masts typically have step irons that protrude at right angles from both surfaces of the L-profile. These horizontal brackets are provided with a washer or a bend at the free end to prevent slipping. The bottom brackets must only be accessible from the ground using a ladder. High concrete masts usually have right-angled U-shaped brackets that are cast or screwed into the concrete with both legs, the step (crossbar) is slightly lowered by two kinks, and thus also provides lateral support to prevent slipping. With safety shoes with a steel blade integrated into the sole, you can stand on such thin rungs for a long time without overloading the arch of the foot.

Steel masts sometimes have a rod protruding further away from the mast with about 360 ° helix at the end to be able to attach a safety rope that should be lowered or retrieved by a person on the ground.

If a mast is even equipped with a ladder, this can run in a tubular protective cage. Such a facility is usually slightly offset to the side every few meters and has a grating there to limit the fall height.

Ladders that have to be climbed more often are equipped with a central safety rail running between the hands and feet, into which a sliding shoe is latched, which is attached to the harness of the climber and absorbs a fall.

Wooden poles with a round cross-section of around 90 to 340 mm in diameter can be climbed with a pair of matching arched crampons , strapped to sturdy shoes. The pair of crampons weighs at least 3-4 kg and can also be adjustable in size. The semicircular grab bar of an iron consists of forged, crack-tested heat-treated steel and has a step plate at one end for lashing the heel of a shoe and near both ends in the inside of the arch several prongs that penetrate the wood and grip the mast with a positive fit when loaded.

With suitably shaped crampons, which - jagged - clamp on the circumference of the mast over two rubber pads, possibly with a joint and spring-assisted, masts made of wood, GRP and concrete, round and profiled, and also up to a diameter of 550 mm can be climbed .

The climber puts on a wide belt around waist height, of which at least one of two safety ropes must always be looped around the mast and hooked with a carabiner. A second person must be present to be on the safe side if the climber tips over in the stuck crampon.

Labelling

In addition to the obligatory high-voltage warning sign, overhead line pylons often also have a sign with the name of the line (either the endpoints of the line or the internal designation of the utility company) and the mast number to make it easier to report damage.

In addition, some regional operators use color markings in the form of stripes on the base of the mast or balls in the trusses.

In some countries, overhead line masts designed as a steel framework must be provided with a few rows of barbed wire on the corner posts in order to prevent unauthorized climbing. In Germany, such constructions are only occasionally to be found on overhead line masts near fairgrounds or similar locations.

sign
Shield, color markings and endpoints
colored balls
Labeling of a mast in Germany

Stability

Icy overhead line after a freezing rain

To check the stability of overhead line masts, there are special test stations in which masts are built and the mechanical strength of the same can be checked.

In certain weather situations in cold weather, snow can freeze on the lines and, in combination with wind or storm, in extreme cases lead to the lines being torn off or even masts collapsing. Examples:

Snow disaster in Northern Germany in 1978 ; In the winter of 1978/79 there were three snowy fronts with partly catastrophic effects.
On November 25th and 26th, 2005 and on the following days, for example, such a weather situation occurred in the Münsterland and surrounding areas in which 82 masts buckled or broke (see Münsterland snow chaos ). After this 'snow chaos' it became known how old many of the electricity pylons in Germany are and that they were often built from (low-quality and relatively brittle) Thomasstahl up until the 1970s (for more details see Münsterländer Schneechaos # Discussion about electricity pylon steel ).

Overhead lines can be equipped with de-icing systems to reduce the ice load in winter. An example of a system for the controlled de-icing of overhead lines is the Lévis de-icer in Canada.

Special constructions

Support masts of Elbe crossing 1 and Elbe crossing 2

Electricity pylon in Nizhny Novgorod

Sometimes quite impressive constructions have to be erected to implement branches. This also applies to twisting masts when the conductors are arranged in three levels.

Occasionally, transmission systems are also installed on overhead line masts (especially on steel framework masts for the highest voltage levels). Mostly they are systems for the mobile radio or the commercial radio of the energy supply company, but occasionally for other radio services. Transmission antennas for low-power VHF radio and television transmitters have already been installed on overhead line masts. A radar system from the Hamburg Waterways and Shipping Office is located on the mast at Elbe crossing 1 . When crossing wide valleys, a large distance between the conductors must be chosen so that they cannot collapse and cause a short circuit even in a storm. In these cases a separate mast is sometimes used for each ladder.

In order to cross wide rivers and straits, very high masts have to be erected in the case of flat coastal topography, as a great clearance is necessary for shipping. Such masts must be equipped with flight safety lights. They often have stairs and walkways with railings for the maintenance of these systems. Two well-known crossings of wide rivers are Elbe crossing 1 and Elbe crossing 2 . The latter has the highest overhead line masts in Europe (height: 227 meters).

The two overhead line pylons from Cádiz , Spain , built in the 1950s are of particularly interesting construction . They are about 160 meters high support masts with a cross-beam, which consist of a truncated cone-shaped truss construction.

The last remaining hyperbolic constructed high-voltage pylon is used to cross the Oka by the NIGRES near Nizhny Novgorod , Russia .

The largest spans for overhead lines were achieved when spanning the Norwegian Sognefjord (near Leikanger , span between two masts 4597 meters) and in Greenland near Ameralik (5376 meters). In Germany, the overhead line built by EnBW AG in 1992, which spans the Eyachtal near Höfen, has the largest span at 1,444 meters.

In order to lead overhead lines down into steep, deep valleys, inclined overhead line masts are occasionally erected. Such masts can be found, for example, in the USA at the Hoover Dam . In Switzerland, near Sargans, there is an overhead line mast of the NOK that is inclined by 20 degrees from the vertical. The two highest situated 380 kV overhead line pylons in Switzerland on the Vorab are also designed as 32 meter high delta pylons inclined by 18 degrees from the vertical.

Sometimes the chimneys of power plants were also equipped with brackets to accommodate the conductors of the outgoing lines. Such constructions are very rare because of possible corrosion problems caused by the flue gases. In Germany there is such a construction at the Scholven power station , in the area of the former Soviet Union one can find such objects at numerous thermal power stations.

Up until 2010, a mast to the north-west of Brühl was equipped with a viewing platform accessible via stairs.

Special overhead line masts, in which the conductors are guided in a scaffold, are often found where an aerial cableway leads over an overhead line. In the event of an accident on the cable car, they enable the line to continue operating without endangering rescuers and those rescued.

Overhead line tunnel at the crossing of the Patscherkofelbahn and a traction power line

For the Patscherkofel cable car , a high-voltage overhead line is run deep down to the ground. The conductors are led individually through pipes that are horizontally covered with earth. Only the areas in the area where the pipes are threaded are protected from human and animal access by fences.

Special locations

An unusual mast location - a medium-voltage mast in a small lake east of Etzenricht

High voltage pylon in the middle of the street in Dresden

Portal masts in Romania spanning a river

Overhead line pylons for operating voltages above 1 kV are almost always erected as independent structures, although in principle it would also be possible to mount them on the roofs of houses, factories or other buildings. However, there are also some exceptions: on the roofs of the boiler houses of some Polish thermal power plants there are overhead line masts to lead the line over the building. In Dnepropetrovsk there is an overhead line mast on the roof of a steel mill [1] and in Dazhou, China, on the roof of a high-rise building [2] . If the circumstances so require, overhead line pylons are also erected in unusual locations. Overhead line masts have already been built over streams. In Northern England , the navigable Huddersfield Narrow Canal runs under the legs of mast 4ZO251B .

In the Santa Maria reservoir in Switzerland, a 47 meter high guy mast of a 380 kV line was erected on 28 meter high concrete plinths in the water of the reservoir.

In the urban area of Cluj-Napoca , a 110 kV line runs on portal masts that are built over a river.

Overhead line masts can also stand on bridges. This is normal with catenary masts and telephone masts, but there may also be constructions on bridges that allow the inclusion of circuits from high-voltage lines. They are implemented either as small masts on the bridge or as brackets mounted on the bridge girder. One bridge that is equipped with such jibs is the Danish Storstrømsbroen .

In Berlin-Marienfelde there was an overhead line that was laid on curved portals under which a street ran.

The Budapest street Margó Tivadar Utca ( 47 ° 26 ′ 20 ″ N , 19 ° 10 ′ 21 ″ E ) runs between the legs of a single circuit 110 kV portal mast line. An asphalt dirt road runs under a mast of a 380 kV line on the Krensheimer Höhe east of Tauberbischofsheim. In Uchihara, Ibaraki, Japan, a two-lane road runs under the legs of a 45-meter-high overhead line mast. In the middle of Grumbacher Strasse in Dresden-Löbtau were three overhead line masts of a 110 kV double line. 47.438888888889 19.1725

In the vicinity of Hergisdorf there was an overhead line mast with a standard-gauge railway line running under its legs. A siding for a substation runs under the legs of the eastern mast of the Reisholz overhead line crossing .

Designations

According to function

Twisting mast
Junction mast (left) support mast (right)
Junction mast
Ending portal
End mast (in substation)
End mast with underground cable start
Mast transformer
Mast separator

According to the material used

Wooden mast
Concrete mast (110 + 20 kV)
Tubular steel masts
Lattice mast

According to the arrangement of the conductors

Portal mast

Delta mast

Single-level masts

Danube mast

Three-level mast

Barrel mast

Fir tree pole

Christmas tree mast of a hybrid line with four levels and two lightning protection cables; the lowest level is a traction power line from DB Energie

Compact mast with Danube arrangement; Height 99 m, span 437 meters

Extravagant overhead line masts near Pavia, Italy

Portal mast next to a special construction at Erdeborn . The 380 kV line was rebuilt in 2015 after a storm. Danube masts originally stood here.

The 1360 system in Leingarten is one of the few exceptions where a 110 kV three-phase system is designed as a four-wire system for the remote earth fault extinguishing coil for neutral point treatment.

Compact tubular steel mast with side-mounted insulators of a 230 kV line along a street in the United States

Full wall mast double row ( Wintrack type )

According to site

Roof stand
Crossing mast (only overhead lines)

According to intended use

Traction power pole
Catenary mast
Hybrid mast
Telephone pole
Telegraph pole (mostly no longer in use)

Traction power pole
Catenary mast
Telephone pole
Telegraph pole

Overhead line masts in art and culture

Horizontal overhead line mast near Fredrericia-Brovad, Jutland (Denmark)

Active overhead line masts

Relevant overhead line masts that serve or served as an art project

For the film Among Giants , a now dismantled overhead line mast in Great Britain was painted pink ( Pink Pylon ).
In the Ruhr-Park in Bochum you can find the ball-decorated mast 69 of the overhead line Bl. 2610 of Amprion GmbH .
At the Holteyer harbor there is an overhead line mast clad with colorful Plexiglas elements [3]

Sculptures based on overhead line masts

These sculptures were modeled after overhead line masts, but never carried conductors

The sculpture Sorcerer's Apprentice in Oberhausen refers to a dancing overhead line mast.

The sculpture Shall we dance in Doetinchem , the Netherlands, also shows an overhead line pylon that seems to bend over and encourage dance.

Overhead line masts in art and culture without direct reference to real objects

In the coat of arms of North Korea there is a high voltage pylon together with a hydroelectric power station . The coat of arms of Ekibastus also shows an overhead line mast.

In the film Trollhunter , overhead line masts are part of a security system against trolls in Norway .

Settlement of the open space under lattice masts

The open space, in particular the approximately 25 square meter square under the base of the lattice masts, is usually not used for agriculture, but is inhabited by plants and animals. The area is typically mowed once a year to ensure that the network operator can access the mast. The biology project "Species Diversity under Electricity" has been investigating the influence of mowing on the colonization of plants, butterflies and snails in Carinthia since 2016 - the term is planned to run until 2020.

Special overhead line masts

mast	Construction year	country	place	height	Remarks
High voltage line to Zhoushan Island	2009-2010	China	Damao	370 m	tallest overhead line masts in the world
Support masts of the Yangtze overhead line crossing	2003	China	Jiangyin	346.5 m
Masts of the Amazon overhead line crossing	2013	Brazil	at Almerim	295 m	tallest overhead line masts in South America
Masts of the Yangtze overhead line crossing Nanking	1992	China	Nanking	257 m	tallest reinforced concrete overhead line masts in the world
Support masts of the Pearl River overhead line crossing	1987	China	Guangdong	253 m + 240 m
Masts of the Orinoco overhead line crossing	1990	Venezuela	Caroní	240 m
Overhead line across the Strait of Messina	1957	Italy	Messina	232 m (224 m without foundation)	no longer used as overhead line masts
Masts of the Yangtze overhead line crossing Wuhu	2003	China	Wuhu	229 m	highest overhead line masts for HVDC
Elbe span Elbe crossing 2	1976-1988	Germany	Hetlingen	227 m (without foundation)	tallest overhead line masts in Europe
Chusi overhead line crossing	1962	Japan	Takehara	226 m
Overhead line crossing of the Suez Canal	1999	Egypt	Suez Canal	221 m
Overhead line crossing of the LingBei Canal	1993	Japan	Takehara	214.5 m
Luohe overhead line crossing	1989	China	Luohe	202.5 m
Volga overhead line crossing Balakowo, mast east	1983-1984	Russia	Balakovo	197 m	highest overhead line mast in Russia
380 kV Thames overhead line crossing	1965	Great Britain	West Thurrock	190 m
Elbe span Elbe crossing 1	1958–1962	Germany	Hetlingen	189 m
Ob - overhead line crossing Surgut	1967-1968	Russia	Surgut	188 m
Overhead line crossing of the St. Lawrence River Tracy	?	Canada	Sorel-Tracy	174.6 m	tallest transmission tower in Canada
Scheldt overhead line crossing Doel	?	Belgium	Antwerp	170 m	Mast on caisson in the Scheldt
Bosporus line crossing 3	1997	Turkey	Istanbul	160 m
Cádiz overhead line masts	1957-1960	Spain	Cadiz	approx. 160 m	unusual construction
Volga overhead line crossing Balakowo, mast west	1983-1984	Russia	Balakovo	159 m
Severn overhead line crossing Aust	?	Great Britain	Aust	148.75 m
380 kV Thames overhead line crossing	1932	Great Britain	West Thurrock	148.4 m	Demolished in 1987
Karmsund overhead line crossing	?	Norway	Karmsund	143.5 m
Limfjord overhead line crossing 2	?	Denmark	Caterpillar	141.7 m
Overhead line crossing of the St. Lawrence River of the HVDC Québec – New England	1989	Canada	Deschambault-Grondines	140 m	Dismantled in 1992
Masts of the Rhine overhead line crossing Voerde	1926, 2015	Germany	Voerde	96 m	The highest overhead line mast in North Rhine-Westphalia with a height of 138 m by 2015, the upper part of the mast replaced by a new construction
Köhlbrand overhead line crossing	?	Germany	Hamburg	138 m
Weser overhead line crossing Bremen-Farge	1966	Germany	Bremen	134.5 m
Masts of the Ghesm overhead line crossing	1984	Iran	Strait of Ghesm	130 m	a mast established on a caisson in the sea
NIGRES power line mast on the Oka	1929	Russia	Dzerzhinsk	128 m	hyperbolic mast
Vistula overhead line crossing Tarchomin-Lomianki	?	Poland	Tarchomin - Lomianki	127 m (Tarchomin), 121 m (Lomianki)
Dnepr overhead line crossing Energodar 2	1984	Ukraine	Energodar	126 m	Masts on caissons
Skolwin-Inoujście overhead line crossing	?	Poland	Skolwin - Inoujscie	126 m (Skolwin), 125 m (Inoujście)
Overhead line crossings of the Little Belt, Line 2	?	Denmark	Middelfart	125.3 m + 119.2 m
three masts of the Volga crossing of the HVDC Ekibastus center	1989-1991	Russia	near Wolsk	124 m
Bosporus line crossing 2	1983	Turkey	Istanbul	124 m
Overhead line crossings of the Little Belt, Line 1	?	Denmark	Middelfart	119.5 m + 113.1 m
Rhine crossing at Duisburg-Rheinhausen	1926	Germany	Duisburg-Rheinhausen	118.8 m	Masts with six trusses
Rhine overhead line crossing Duisburg-Wanheim	?	Germany	Duisburg-Wanheim	122 m
Connection of the Asslar substation and a branch to Dillenburg to the 380 kV Dauersberg - Gießen line	?	Germany	near the Wetzlarer Kreuz	?	Two consecutive 380 kV junction pylons
Elbe overhead line crossing Bullenhausen	?	Germany	Bullenhausen	117 m
Vistula overhead line crossing Lubaniew-Bobrowniki	?	Poland	Lubaniew / Bobrowniki	117 m
Vistula overhead line crossing Świeże Górne-Rybakow	?	Poland	Świeże Górne / Rybaków	116 m
Vistula overhead line crossing Ostrówek-Tursko	?	Poland	Ostrówek / Tursko	115 m
Bosporus line crossing 1	1957	Turkey	Istanbul	113 m
Weser crossings Bremen industrial port	1972–1974 (three-phase line)	Germany	Bremen	111 m	two parallel lines (traction current + three-phase current)
Rhine crossing at Wittlaer	?	Germany	Wittlaer	110 m
Vistula overhead line crossing Nowy Bógpomóż – Probostwo Dolne	?	Poland	Nowy Bógpomóż / Probostwo Dolne	111 m (Probostwo Dolne), 109 m (Nowy Bógpomóż)
380 kV Ems overhead line crossing	?	Germany	Mark (south of Weener )	110 m
Daugava overhead line crossing	1975	Latvia	Riga	110 m
Vistula overhead line crossing Regów – Gołąb	?	Poland	Regów / Gołąb	108 m
Ameren UE Tower	?	United States	St. Louis, Missouri	106 m	Radio tower with traverses for conductors [4]
Rhine crossing at Orsoy	?	Germany	Orsoy	105 m
Limfjord overhead line crossing 1	?	Denmark	Caterpillar	101.2 m
Dnepr overhead line crossing Energodar 1	1977	Ukraine	Energodar	100 m	Masts on caissons
Swine overhead line crossing Swinoujscie	2009	Poland	Świnoujście	99 m	tallest tubular steel masts in Europe
Rhine overhead line crossing Reisholz	1917	Germany	Dusseldorf	88 m	A railway line runs under the eastern mast of the Reisholz overhead line crossing
Strelasund overhead line crossing	?	Germany	Sundhagen	85 m
Guy mast in the reservoir of Santa Maria	1959	Switzerland	Santa Maria reservoir	75 m	Guy mast in a reservoir
Appendix 4101, mast 93	1975	Germany	Bruehl	74.84 m	carried a viewing platform until 2010
Mast triples of Zaporizhia	1945-1949	Ukraine	Zaporizhia	74.5 m	two triple portal masts for an overhead line from the island of Khortyzja to the east bank of the Dnieper
Aggersund overhead line crossing of the HVDC Cross-Skagerrak	1977	Denmark	Aggersund	70 m	highest masts of an HVDC transmission system in Europe
Rhine crossing at Leverkusen and Cologne-Niehl	?	Germany	Leverkusen / Cologne-Niehl	?
Spanning the Eyach Valley	1992	Germany	Höfen on the Enz	70 m	longest span of an overhead line in Germany (1444 meters)
Overhead line crossing of Carquinez Street	1901	United States	Benicia	68 m + 20 m	first overhead line crossing of a larger waterway
Mast 1 of the line going out from the Reuter West thermal power station	?	Germany	Berlin	66 m	Chimney-like concrete mast with steel trusses
Mast 310 of the Innertkirchen – Littau – Mettlen line	1990	Switzerland	Littau	59.5 m	highest overhead line mast made of spun concrete
Mast 24 of the Watari – Kaschiwaba line	?	Japan	Uchihara, Ibaraki	45 m	Mast with a two-lane road running under its legs
Mast 4ZO251B	?	Great Britain	Stalybridge	?	spans the Huddersfield Narrow Canal as probably the only overhead line mast under which a boat can pass
Mast 9108	1983	Germany	Fulda	?	the only overhead line mast for 110 kV that breaks through the roof of a building that is not a switchgear or similar
Mingjian Slate Mast	?	Taiwan	Mingjian	?	Jiji earthquake memorial in 1999
Pink pylon	?	Great Britain	Ashworth Valley	?	The mast, which was painted pink for the 1998 film "Among Giants", was demolished in 2003
Annex 2610, mast 69	?	Germany	Bochum	47 m	Carrying mast decorated with balls of a 220 kV RWE line in the Ruhr Park
Overhead line mast above the Blankenheim – Klostermansfeld railway line	?	Germany	Hergisdorf	?	Overhead line mast under whose legs a railway line passes
Source	?	France	Amnéville les Thermes	34 m / 28 m	four overhead line masts prepared as works of art
Mickey mast	1996	United States	Celebration	32 m	Mickey mouse-like overhead line mast
Rhine overhead line crossing Hirzenach-Oberkestert	1936	Germany	Hirzenach , Oberkestert	?	734 meter long Rhine crossing with separate masts for each conductor
Surges in the Sognefjord	1956	Norway	Sognefjord	17th	three overhead line crossings, length 4850 meters, 4520 meters and 4500 meters
Span of the Ameralik Fjord	1992	Greenland	Ameralik Fjord	?	5376 meter fjord span (power line with longest span)
Mertesheim transmitter		Germany	Mertesheim	12.7 m	End mast of a medium-voltage overhead line with a transmitting antenna for VHF radio