List of heads of state 1889
Overview
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Africa
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Ethiopia
- Emperor : Yohannes IV (1871–9 March 1889)
- Emperor: Menelik II (March 9, 1889–1913)
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Buganda
- Claimant to the throne: Kalema (1888–1889)
- Kabaka : Mwanga II. ( 1884-1888 , 1889-1897)
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Burundi
- King : Mwezi IV. Gisabo (1852–1908)
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Liberia
- President : Hilary RW Johnson (1888-1892)
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Morocco
- Sultan : Mulai al-Hassan I (1873-1894)
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Rwanda
- King : Kigeri IV. (1853–1895)
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Sokoto Caliphate
- Caliph : Umaru bin Ali (1881-1891)
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Sudan
- Caliph : Abdallahi ibn Muhammad (1846–1899)
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Zulu
- King : Dinizulu ka Cetshwayo (1884–1913)
America
North America
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Canada
- Head of State: Queen : Victoria (1867–1901)
- Governor General : Lord Frederick Arthur Stanley (1888-1893)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister : John A. Macdonald ( 1867–1873 , 1878–1891)
- Head of State: Queen : Victoria (1867–1901)
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Mexico
- Head of State and Government: President : Porfirio Díaz ( 1876, 1877–1880 , 1884–1911)
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United States of America
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Head of State and Government :
- President : Grover Cleveland (1885–4 March 1889, 1893–1897 )
- President: Benjamin Harrison (March 4, 1889-1893)
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Head of State and Government :
Central America
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Costa Rica
- Head of State and Government: President Bernardo Soto Alfaro (1885–1890)
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Dominican Republic
- Head of State and Government:
- President : Ulises Heureaux ( 1882–1884 , 1887–27 February 1889, 1889–1899 )
- President: Manuel María Gautier (February 27, 1889 - April 30, 1889)
- President: Ulises Heureaux ( 1882–1884, 1887–1889 , April 30, 1889–1899 )
- Head of State and Government:
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El Salvador
- Head of State and Government: President Francisco Menéndez (1885–1890)
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Guatemala
- Head of State and Government: President Manuel Lisandro Barillas (1885-1892)
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Haiti
- Head of State and Government:
- President François Denys Légitime (1888–22 August 1889)
- (provisional) Monpoint jeune (23 August – 17 October 1889)
- President Florvil Hyppolite (October 17, 1889–1896)
- Head of State and Government:
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Honduras
- Head of State and Government: President : Luis Bográn (1883-1891)
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Nicaragua
- Head of State and Government:
- President Evaristo Carazo (1887–1 August 1889)
- President David Osorno (August 1 – August 5, 1889)
- President Roberto Sacasa y Sarria (August 5, 1889–1891)
- Head of State and Government:
South America
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Argentina
- Head of State and Government: President : Miguel Juárez Celman (1886–1890)
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Bolivia
- Head of State and Government: President : Aniceto Arce (1888-1892)
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Brazil (republic from 1889)
- Kaiser : Peter II (1831–15 November 1889)
- President: Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca (November 15, 1889-1891)
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Chile
- Head of State and Government: President : José Manuel Balmaceda (1886-1891)
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Ecuador
- Head of State and Government: President Antonio Flores Jijón (1888-1892)
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Colombia
- Head of State and Government: (provisional) Carlos Holguín Mallarino (1888–1892)
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Paraguay
- Head of State and Government: President Patricio Escobar (1886–1890)
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Peru
- Head of State and Government: President Andrés A. Cáceres Dorregaray ( 1883–1885 , 1886–1890)
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Uruguay
- Head of State and Government: (provisional) Máximo Tajes (1886–1890)
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Venezuela
- Head of State and Government: President Juan Pablo Rojas Paúl (1888–1890)
Asia
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Ajman
- Sheikh: Raschid II. (1872-1891)
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Afghanistan
- Emir: Abdur Rahman Khan (1880–1901)
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China ( Qing Dynasty )
- Emperor: Guangxu (1875-1908)
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British India
- Empress : Victoria (1877–1901)
- Viceroy : Henry Petty-FitzMaurice (1888–1894)
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Kuwait
- Emir: Abdullah II. (1866-1892)
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Nepal
- Head of State: King Prithvi (1881–1911)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Bir Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana (1885–1901)
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Oman
- Sultan: Faisal ibn Turki (1888–1913)
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Persia ( Qajar dynasty)
- Shah : Naser od-Din Shah (1848–1896)
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Thailand
- King: Chulalongkorn , King of Thailand (1868–1910)
Australia and Oceania
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Hawaii
- King : David Kalākaua (1874-1891)
Europe
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Andorra
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Co-princes :
- President of France : Marie François Sadi Carnot (1887–1894)
- Bishop of Urgell : Salvador Casañas i Pagès (1879–1901)
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Co-princes :
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Belgium
- Head of State: King Leopold II (1865–1909)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Auguste Beernaert (1884–1894)
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Bulgaria
- Prince : Ferdinand I (1887–1918) (from 1908 Tsar)
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Denmark
- Head of State: King : Christian IX. (1863–1906)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jacob Brønnum Scavenius Estrup (1875–1894)
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German Empire
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Kaiser : Wilhelm II. (1888–1918)
- Imperial Chancellor : Otto von Bismarck (1871–1890)
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Stop
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Duke : Friedrich I (1871–1904)
- Minister of State : Anton von Krosigk (1875-1892)
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Duke : Friedrich I (1871–1904)
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to bathe
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Grand Duke : Friedrich I (1856–1907)
- Minister of State: Ludwig Turban the Elder (1876-1893)
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Grand Duke : Friedrich I (1856–1907)
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Bavaria
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King : Otto I (1886–1913)
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Regent : Prince Regent Luitpold (1886–1912)
- Chairman of the Council of Ministers : Johann Freiherr von Lutz (1880–1890)
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Regent : Prince Regent Luitpold (1886–1912)
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King : Otto I (1886–1913)
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Braunschweig
- Regent : Prince Albrecht of Prussia (1885–1906)
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Bremen
- Mayor : August Lürman (1887) (1889) (1892) (1894)
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Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine
- Imperial governor: Prince Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1885-1894)
- State Secretary of the Ministry for Alsace-Lorraine : Maximilian von Puttkamer (1887–1901)
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Hamburg
- First Mayor : Carl Friedrich Petersen (1876–1877) (1880) (1883) (1886) (1889) (1892)
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Hessen-Darmstadt
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Grand Duke : Ludwig IV. (1877-1892)
- President of the entire ministry : Jakob Finger (1884–1898)
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Grand Duke : Ludwig IV. (1877-1892)
- lip
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Lübeck
- Mayor : Arthur Gustav Kulenkamp (1881–1882) (1885–1886) (1889–1890) (1893–1894)
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Mecklenburg-Schwerin
- Grand Duke : Friedrich Franz III. (1883-1897)
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Mecklenburg-Strelitz
- Grand Duke : Friedrich Wilhelm (1860–1904)
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Oldenburg
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Grand Duke : Nikolaus Friedrich Peter (1853–1900)
- Minister of State : Friedrich Andreas Ruhstrat (1876–1890)
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Grand Duke : Nikolaus Friedrich Peter (1853–1900)
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Prussia
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King : Wilhelm II. (1888–1918)
- Prime Minister : Otto von Bismarck (1862–1873) (1873–1890)
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King : Wilhelm II. (1888–1918)
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Reuss older line
- Prince : Heinrich XXII. (1859–1902)
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Reuss younger line
- Prince : Heinrich XIV. (1867–1913)
- Saxony
- Saxony-Altenburg
- Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
- Saxony-Meiningen
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Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
- Grand Duke : Carl Alexander (1853–1901)
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Schaumburg-Lippe
- Prince : Adolf I. Georg (1860-1893)
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Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
- Prince : Georg Albert (1869–1890)
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Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
- Prince : Karl Günther (1880–1909)
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Waldeck and Pyrmont (administered by Prussia since January 1, 1868)
- Prince : Georg Victor (1845-1893)
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Württemberg
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King : Charles I (1864-1891)
- President of the State Ministry : Hermann von Mittnacht (1876–1900)
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King : Charles I (1864-1891)
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Kaiser : Wilhelm II. (1888–1918)
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France
- President : Marie François Sadi Carnot (1887–1894)
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Luxembourg (1815–1890 personal union with the Netherlands)
- Grand Duke : Wilhelm III. (1849-1890)
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Monaco
- Prince : Charles III. (1856-10 September 1889)
- Prince: Albert I (September 10, 1889–1922)
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Montenegro
- Prince : Nikola I. Petrović Njegoš (1860–1918) (from 1910 king )
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Neutral Moresnet
- King of Belgium : Leopold II (1865–1909)
- King of Prussia : Wilhelm II. (1888–1918)
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Netherlands (1815–1890 personal union with Luxembourg)
- King : Wilhelm III. (1849-1890)
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Ottoman Empire :
- Sultan : Abdülhamid II. (1876-1909)
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Austria-Hungary
- Emperor : Franz Joseph I (1848–1916)
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Romania
- Head of State: King Charles I (1866–1914) (until 1881 Prince)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Theodor Rosetti (1888–1889)
- Prime Minister Lascăr Catargiu ( 1866–1871–1876 , 1889, 1891–1895 )
- Prime Minister Gheorghe Manu (1889-1891)
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Russia
- Emperor : Alexander III. (1881-1894)
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Serbia
- King : Milan Obrenović I (1868–1889) (prince until 1882)
- King: Aleksandar Obrenović (1889–1903)
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Spain
- King : Alfonso XIII. (1886–1931)
- Regent: Maria Christina (1885–1902)
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Hungary
- King : Franz Joseph I (1848–1916) (1848–1916 King of Bohemia, 1848–1916 Emperor of Austria)
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United Kingdom
- Head of State: Queen Victoria (1837–1901) (1877–1901 Empress of India)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury ( 1885–1886 , 1886–1892, 1895–1902 )