Parliamentary election in Turkey 2011
The election for the 24th Grand National Assembly of Turkey took place on June 12, 2011. The 550 members of the national parliament were elected .
The ruling Islamic Conservative Party for Justice and Recovery (AKP) under Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan won the parliamentary elections for the third time in a row, but failed to achieve the desired two-thirds majority in order to be able to change the constitution on its own . The Kemalist-Social Democratic Republican People's Party (CHP) ran for the first time with its new chairman Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu , achieved gains of more than five percentage points and remained the second strongest party.
Suffrage
In Turkey, the ten percent hurdle in Article 33, Paragraph 1 of the Electoral Law for Representatives, the highest threshold clause in comparison with European countries, applies . To circumvent this clause, some parties with a localized electorate, such as the Barış ve Demokrasi Partisi (BDP), decided to put their candidates into the election as independent candidates. A total of 230 independent candidates and 17 political parties ran for election.
The minimum age for the right to stand as a candidate has been reduced to 25 years (previously 30). In the election campaign, the Kurdish language of the largest ethnic minority was allowed to be used for the first time in addition to the Turkish language . There were 50,189,930 citizens eligible to vote, including more than 7 million first-time voters (see also demography of Turkey ).
In the provinces of Adıyaman, Ağrı, Artvin, Bingöl, Bitlis, Diyarbakır, Elazığ, Erzincan, Erzurum, Gaziantep, Giresun, Gümüşhane, Hakkari, Kars, Malatya, Kahramanmaraş, Mardin, Muş, Ordu, Rize, Siirt, Sivason , Şanlıurfa, Van, Bayburt, Batman, Şırnak, Ardahan, Iğdır and Kilis, the polling stations were open from 07:00 to 16:00 UTC +2. In the remaining provinces, the opening times were from 08:00 to 17:00 UTC + 2.
Participating parties
The Supreme Electoral Committee of Turkey (tr: Yüksek Seçim Kurulu ) registered 27 parties that could run for election. But nine of the eligible parties decided not to run. They either sent their members into the race as independents or entered into an electoral alliance with other parties. Finally, on April 19, Özgürlük ve Dayanışma Partisi and Yeni Parti were excluded because they had not submitted their documents in full. In the end there were 15 parties. In detail, these were in the order of the voting slip:
logo | Political party | Alignment | Top candidate | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Justice and Development Party (AKP) | Islamic - conservative | Recep Tayyip Erdoğan | ||
Democratic Party (DP) | liberal - conservative | Namık Kemal Zeybek | ||
Republican People's Party (CHP) | Kemalist , social democratic | Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu | ||
Labor Party (EMEP) | Marxist-Leninist | Haydar Kaya | ||
People's Party (MP) | nationalist | Aykut Edibali | ||
Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) | liberal | Cem Toker | ||
Bliss Party (SP) | Islamist | Mustafa Kamalak | ||
Party for Law and Equality (HEPAR) | nationalist | Osman Pamukoğlu | ||
Party of the Voice of the People (HAS) | religious-conservative | Numan Kurtulmuş | ||
Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) | right-wing extremist , nationalist | Devlet Bahçeli | ||
Right Path Party (DYP) | conservative | Çetin Özaçıkgöz | ||
Communist Party of Turkey (TKP) | Communist | Erkan Bas | ||
Nationalist and Conservative Party (MMP) | nationalist | Ahmet Reyiz Yılmaz | ||
Great Unity Party (BBP) | Islamist | Yalçın Topçu | ||
Democratic Left Party (DSP) | social democratic | Masum Turk |
Independent candidates
In addition to political parties, independent candidates also ran for election. With 230 independent candidates, there were significantly fewer candidates than in the 2007 election (699 people). 17 left and socialist parties such as the BDP, the Emek Partisi and others formed the Emek, Demokrasi ve Özgürlük Bloku (Labor, Democracy and Freedom Block) and sent 65 candidates for 41 provinces into the race. The majority of the candidates were close to the BDP. Prominent personalities such as Leyla Zana , Hatip Dicle , Ferhat Tunç , Şerafettin Elçi , Altan Tan and Yüksel Avşar (cousin of Hülya Avşar ) competed . Socialist candidates such as Ertuğrul Kürkçü (co-founder of THKP-C ), Sırrı Süreyya Önder and Levent Tüzel (former chairman of Emek Partisi) were among them. The candidates also included Ahmet Türk and Aysel Tuğluk , who lost their seats after the Toplum Partisi democracy was banned in 2009. Politicians of Kurdish origin such as Tuğluk and Türk have been forbidden by Turkish Law No. 2820 on political parties since 1983 to speak Kurdish in the election campaign and in parliament ; non-compliance with the Kurdish ban was tolerated or not prevented and persecuted for the first time in the 2011 election campaign .
Number of MPs by province
The number of mandates for a province depends on its population. Thus, Istanbul, the most populous province, sends 85, while Bayburt only sends 1 member to parliament. The individual numbers are:
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|
Result
Political party | Abbreviation | be right | Seats | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
number | % | +/- | number | +/- | |||
Justice and Recovery Party | ACP | 21,399,082 | 49.83 | +3.25 | 327 | −14 | |
Republican People's Party | CHP | 11,155,972 | 25.98 | +5.10 | 135 | +23 | |
Nationalist Movement Party | MHP | 5,585,513 | 13.01 | −1.26 | 53 | −18 | |
Independent * | - | 2,819,917 | 6.57 | +1.33 | 35 | +9 | |
Party of bliss | SP | 543.454 | 1.27 | −1.07 | 0 | ± 0 | |
Party of the People's Voice | HAS | 329.723 | 0.77 | New | 0 | New | |
Great Unity Party | BBP | 323.251 | 0.75 | New | 0 | New | |
Democratic Party | DP | 279,480 | 0.65 | −4.77 | 0 | ± 0 | |
Party for Law and Equality | HEPAR | 124,415 | 0.29 | New | 0 | New | |
Democratic Left Party | DSP | 108.089 | 0.25 | - | 0 | - | |
Right Path Party | DYP | 64,607 | 0.15 | - | 0 | - | |
Communist Party of Turkey | CPM | 64.006 | 0.15 | −0.08 | 0 | ± 0 | |
People's Party | MP | 60,716 | 0.14 | - | 0 | - | |
Nationalist and Conservative Party | MMP | 36,188 | 0.08 | New | 0 | New | |
Labor Party | EMEP | 32,128 | 0.07 | −0.01 | 0 | ± 0 | |
Liberal Democratic Party | LDP | 15,222 | 0.04 | −0.06 | 0 | ± 0 | |
total | 42,941,763 | 100.00 | 550 | ||||
Valid votes | 42,941,763 | 97.78 | +0.57 | ||||
Invalid votes | 973.185 | 2.22 | −0.57 | ||||
voter turnout | 43,914,948 | 83.16 | −1.09 | ||||
Non-voters | 8,891,734 | 16.84 | +1.09 | ||||
Registered voters | 52,806,322 | ||||||
Source: High Electoral Committee | |||||||
* The Peace and Democracy Party (BDP) nominated 61 candidates as independents, of which 29 were elected. |
Parties in parliament
From the initial 27 parties registered for election, only 15 ran for election due to non-admission and formal errors. Due to the 10% threshold clause in force in Turkey , only three parties were able to enter parliament. 36 independent candidates were elected to parliament. They were supported by the Emek, Demokrasi ve Özgürlük Bloku association.
logo | Political party | Alignment | Chairman | Seats | Seats 2007 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Justice and Development Party (AKP) | Islamic - conservative | Recep Tayyip Erdoğan | 327 | 341 | ||
Republican People's Party (CHP) | Kemalist , social democratic | Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu | 135 | 112 | ||
Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) | right-wing extremist | Devlet Bahçeli | 53 | 70 | ||
Independent | 36 | 26th |
Independent election winners
The independent candidates who have won a mandate are:
candidate | Electoral region | block |
---|---|---|
Murat Bozlak | Adana | Emek, Demokrasi ve Özgürlük Bloku |
Halil Aksoy | Ağrı | Emek, Demokrasi ve Özgürlük Bloku |
Ayla Akat Ata | Batman | Emek, Demokrasi ve Özgürlük Bloku |
Bengi Yıldız | Batman | Emek, Demokrasi ve Özgürlük Bloku |
İdris beams | Bing oil | Emek, Demokrasi ve Özgürlük Bloku |
Hüsamettin Zenderlioğlu | Bitlis | Emek, Demokrasi ve Özgürlük Bloku |
Hatip Dicle | Diyarbakır | Emek, Demokrasi ve Özgürlük Bloku |
Leyla Zana | Diyarbakır | Emek, Demokrasi ve Özgürlük Bloku |
Emine Ayna | Diyarbakır | Emek, Demokrasi ve Özgürlük Bloku |
Altan Tan | Diyarbakır | Emek, Demokrasi ve Özgürlük Bloku |
Nursel Aydoğan | Diyarbakır | Emek, Demokrasi ve Özgürlük Bloku |
Şerafettin Elçi | Diyarbakır | Emek, Demokrasi ve Özgürlük Bloku |
Selahattin Demirtaş | Hakkari | Emek, Demokrasi ve Özgürlük Bloku |
Adil Kurt | Hakkari | Emek, Demokrasi ve Özgürlük Bloku |
Esat Canan | Hakkari | Emek, Demokrasi ve Özgürlük Bloku |
Pervin Buldan | Iğdır | Emek, Demokrasi ve Özgürlük Bloku |
Sebahat Tuncel | Istanbul | Emek, Demokrasi ve Özgürlük Bloku |
Sırrı Süreyya Önder | Istanbul | Emek, Demokrasi ve Özgürlük Bloku |
Abdullah Levent Tüzel | Istanbul | Emek, Demokrasi ve Özgürlük Bloku |
Mülkiye Birtane | Kars | Emek, Demokrasi ve Özgürlük Bloku |
Ahmet Turk | Mardin | Emek, Demokrasi ve Özgürlük Bloku |
Gülser Yıldırım | Mardin | Emek, Demokrasi ve Özgürlük Bloku |
Erol Dora | Mardin | Emek, Demokrasi ve Özgürlük Bloku |
Ertuğrul Kürkçü | Mersin | Emek, Demokrasi ve Özgürlük Bloku |
Sırrı Sakık | Must | Emek, Demokrasi ve Özgürlük Bloku |
Demir Çelik | Must | Emek, Demokrasi ve Özgürlük Bloku |
Validan Kışanak | Siirt | Emek, Demokrasi ve Özgürlük Bloku |
Hasip Kaplan | Şırnak | Emek, Demokrasi ve Özgürlük Bloku |
Selma Irmak | Şırnak | Emek, Demokrasi ve Özgürlük Bloku |
Faysal Sarıyıldız | Şırnak | Emek, Demokrasi ve Özgürlük Bloku |
İbrahim Ayhan | Şanlıurfa | Emek, Demokrasi ve Özgürlük Bloku |
İbrahim Binici | Şanlıurfa | Emek, Demokrasi ve Özgürlük Bloku |
Kemal Akdaş | Van | Emek, Demokrasi ve Özgürlük Bloku |
Aysel Tuğluk | Van | Emek, Demokrasi ve Özgürlük Bloku |
Özdal Üçer | Van | Emek, Demokrasi ve Özgürlük Bloku |
Nazmi Gür | Van | Emek, Demokrasi ve Özgürlük Bloku |
Effects
The ruling AKP was able to increase its number of votes for the third time. Only in three ( Hakkâri , Iğdır and Tunceli ) of 81 provinces did it not receive a mandate. Due to a change in the electoral districts and an increase in the percentage of votes to be taken into account by the AKP, CHP and MHP (parties with more than 10% of the vote) from 81.8% to 88.8%, while the share of the AKP in the increase of 7, 0% of the votes to be considered was only 3.24%, the party received fewer seats in parliament than after the 2007 election . It failed to achieve its electoral goal of achieving the two-thirds majority required to amend the Turkish constitution without the consent of other parties. At this election, the first not held prematurely in 34 years, there was the surprise that after more than 50 years with Erol Dora from Mardin a member of the Christian faith has a seat in parliament again.
Other groups are also more strongly represented after the election. 78 women were elected to parliament, the largest number to date. The number of “independents”, especially Kurds close to the BDP, rose by 9 to 36. After Kurdish politicians were allowed to appear in the Kurdish language for the first time in the election campaign, it is expected that Erdoğan will increasingly turn to solving the Kurdish question after the election . Especially since PKK leader Abdullah Öcalan has shown himself ready to negotiate.
Trials against elected MPs
Four defendants in the Ergenekon and Balyoz trials ( Sinan Aygün , Mehmet Haberal , İlhan Cihaner and Mustafa Balbay ) were elected to parliament via the CHP list and one via the MHP. In addition, six, formally independent, MPs of the BDP (İbrahim Ayhan, Gürsel Yıldırım, Selma Irmak, Kemal Aktaş, Faysal Sarıyıldız and Hatip Dicle ) are in custody as part of the trial against the banned sub-organization of the PKK Koma Civakên Kurdistan .
A few days after the election, the High Electoral Council withdrew his mandate from Hatip Dicle due to a politically justified prison sentence from April 2010. The AKP candidate Oya Eronat from Diyarbakır Province, who was defeated in the direct election, will replace Dicle. This increases the number of seats for the ruling AKP party in the Turkish National Assembly. Dicle wants to appeal the decision. The remaining elected independent MPs then decided to boycott parliament. Furthermore, the dismissal of the remaining five independent MPs was refused. Mehmet Haberal and Mustafa Balbay were also not released from prison.
Opening of Parliament
The new parliament was constituted on June 28, 2011. As announced, the independent MPs stayed away from the session. In place of Hatip Dicle, Oya Eronat took her oath of office. The CHP was present but refused to take the oath (except for Oktay Ekşi) in protest against the non-release of Mehmet Haberal and Mustafa Balbay. Oktay Ekşi took the oath because he was the senior leader of the meeting.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Election Act No. 2839 of June 10, 1983, RG No. 18076 of June 13, 1983 ( online ).
- ↑ By law No. 5551 of October 13, 2006 amending an article of the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey, RG No. 26322 of October 17, 2006 as well as the amending law No. 5552 of October 19, 2006 to the Electoral Law , RG No. 26330 of October 28, 2006; see. also Article 67, Paragraph 7 of the Constitution.
- ↑ Decision no . 2007-580 by Yüksek Seçim Kurulu
- ↑ Law No. 2820 of April 22, 1983 on political parties, RG No. 18027 of April 24, 1983; German translation by Ernst E. Hirsch in: Yearbook of Public Law of the Present (New Series). Vol. 13, Mohr Siebeck Verlag, Tübingen 1983, p. 595 ff.
- ↑ Official result of the 2011 parliamentary election (votes) (PDF) High Election Committee , PDF file (Turkish)
- ↑ Official result of the 2011 parliamentary election (distribution of seats) (PDF) High Electoral Committee , PDF file (Turkish)
- ↑ tbmm.gov.tr
- ↑ Turkey's early elections end in disappointment for some parties ( Memento of the original from January 15, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Erdogan's election victory, tribune with clipped wings
- ↑ Surprise winner Kurds
- ↑ Kurds hope for the day after
- ↑ Court blocks the release of independent Kurdish candidates
- ↑ Turkish opposition parties boycott swearing-in in parliament ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Web links
- Topic page for the 2011 election , from Spiegel-online.de
- Interactive Turkey map with the preliminary results for each province and district , from google (Turkish)
- Online voting information comparable to Wahl-O-Mat (Turkish, English)