Important spa towns in Europe
| Important spa towns in Europe | |
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UNESCO world heritage 
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Arcade construction in Bad Kissingen |
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| Contracting State (s): |
 Belgium Germany France Italy Austria Czech Republic United Kingdom     
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| Type: | Culture |
| Criteria : | (ii) (iii) |
| Surface: | 7.014 ha |
| Buffer zone: | 11,319 ha |
| Reference No .: | 1613 |
| UNESCO region : | Europe and North America |
| History of enrollment | |
| Enrollment: | 2021 (session 45) |
Significant spa towns in Europe ( english The Great Spa Towns of Europe ) is an association of eleven traditional and outstanding in their importance European spa towns , as in 2021 UNESCO World Heritage were registered.
Three of these cities are in Germany (Baden-Baden, Bad Ems, Bad Kissingen), three in the Czech Republic (Franzensbad, Karlsbad, Marienbad) and one each in Austria (Baden near Vienna), Belgium (Spa), France (Vichy) and Italy (Montecatini) and in the United Kingdom (Bath).
The Great Spas of Europe are an extraordinary testimony to the European spa phenomenon, a complex urban, social and cultural phenomenon that was founded in antiquity and experienced its heyday from 1700 to the 1930s. The places are historical fashion and spas that the phenomenon especially in the 19th and early 20th centuries cure impressed, travel and spa company in Europe. They were therefore important anchor points in the development of global tourism .
A serial nomination was necessary in order to capture the geographical distribution of the extensive cultural spectrum of spa towns, their extensive territorial and historical geopolitical dimensions and the diversity of their cultural and historical characteristics. Together, the Great Spas of Europe represent the entire spectrum of the development of the spa tradition with all its tangible and intangible attributes.
prehistory
From around 2005, various European spa towns such as the Czech Luhačovice , but also Spa and Wiesbaden made attempts to become world heritage sites. In 2008, Luhacovice's application failed to convince UNESCO . In the process it became clear that only a serial application would have any chance of success. There were then contacts on this issue between different cities, for example in 2008 between Spa and Wiesbaden.
From November 25th to 27th, 2010, the international symposium "European spa towns and fashion spas of the 19th century" took place in Baden-Baden, which provided impetus for the common endeavor to apply and select relevant spa towns.
In the summer of 2014, the group of applicants was added to the UNESCO proposal list. An independent international group of experts set up by the cities initially failed in their attempt to agree on a clear OUV (exceptional universal value) for the serial application and on the question of whether the number of cities in the group had to be reduced in order to increase the chances increase overall.
The participating states agreed on a new project structure which, in addition to an international working group, also consists of a steering group as the highest body. A comparative study, which compares the applicant cities with all other eligible cities, was commissioned and carried out. In 2016, the number of health resorts was subsequently reduced from 16 to 11.
Intensive joint preparations for the creation of the nomination dossier followed.
In February 2019, the application was submitted to the UNESCO headquarters in Paris. In the summer of 2019, the nominated site was assessed by various selected experts both on site and from a distance.
The application
The application was made under the leadership of the Czech Republic and the city of Karlsbad (Karlovy Vary). Even if the application was made as a group, each city in the group had to meet the criteria of a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
With eleven parts of lively cities in seven nations, the transnational serial application is a complex and ambitious international project.
A decision to include the Great Spas of Europe on the World Heritage List would originally have been made in summer 2020. Due to the pandemic, the meeting of the World Heritage Committee and with it the decision to be included in the UNESCO World Heritage list was postponed. The positive decision to include the Great Spas of Europe on the UNESCO World Heritage List was made on July 24, 2021.
List of World Heritage Cities
German applicants for the UNESCO World Heritage Site "Great Spas of Europe" |
Czech applicants for the UNESCO World Heritage Site "Great Spas of Europe" |
Remaining applicants for the UNESCO World Heritage Site "Great Spas of Europe" |
The cities of the transnational group of the "Major Spa Cities in Europe" on the UNESCO World Heritage List are:
Belgium
Germany
- Baden-Baden
- Bad Ems
- Bad Kissingen
- (Originally also included and retired in 2016: Bad Homburg vor der Höhe , Bad Pyrmont , Wiesbaden )
France
Italy
Austria
Czech Republic
- Franzensbad
- Carlsbad
- Marienbad
- Bad Luhatschowitz (withdrawn in 2016, but was still on the tentative list of the Czech Republic as a single suggestion )
United Kingdom
- Bath (England)
literature
(in chronological order)
- Andreas Förderer: Playgrounds of Europe. European spa towns and fashion spas of the 19th century. Comparative study on behalf of the city of Baden-Baden . Baden-Baden 2010 ( PDF; 3.96 MB ).
- Peter Weidisch, Fred Kaspar (ed.): Health resort and modernity. (= Proceedings for the symposium of the same name, March 7th to 9th, 2014 in Bad Kissingen). Schöningh, Würzburg 2017, ISBN 978-3-87717-859-1 .
- Hans-Jürgen Sarholz (Ed.): Bad Ems and the Great Spas of Europe. City of Bad Ems, Bad Ems 2019, DNB 1197274219 .
- Volkmar Eidloth (Ed.): European health resorts and fashionable spas of the 19th century / European Health Resorts and Fashionable Spas of the 19th Century / Stations thermales et villes d'eaux européennes à la mode au 19e siècle. International symposium of the German National Committee of ICOMOS, the State Office for Monument Preservation Baden-Württemberg in the Stuttgart Regional Council and the City of Baden-Baden, Baden-Baden November 25th to 27th 2010. (= ICOMOS, Booklets of the German National Committee, 52; State Office for Monument Preservation Baden-Württemberg, workbook 24). wbg Theiss, Stuttgart 2012, ISBN 978-3-942227-07-0 ( PDF; 51.4 MB ).
- Volkmar Eidloth: Baden-Baden, European spa towns and the UNESCO World Heritage. Basics of a cross-border joint application . In: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg , Volume 42, 2013, Issue 3, pp. 134–144 ( digitized version , accessed on July 25, 2021)
- Volkmar Eidloth, Petra Martin, Katrin Schulze (eds.): Between healing and distraction. Spa gardens and spa parks in Europe / Between Healing and Pleasure. Spa Parks and Spa Gardens in Europe. (= ICOMOS booklets of the German National Committee. LXXV). Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Ostfildern 2020, ISBN 978-3-7995-1395-1 .
Web links
- Joint website of the participating cities of the Great Spas of Europe (multilingual)
- The Great Spa Towns of Europe . In: Official website of UNESCO (English)
- Great Spas of Europe . In: Website of the city of Bad Kissingen
- Great Spas of Europe. A transnational proposal . In: Website of the city of Baden-Baden
- Historic spa district, part of the Bad Ems World Heritage Site . In: Website of the city of Bad Ems
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b New World Heritage Sites 2021 UNESCO announcement on the website of the German UNESCO Commission, accessed on July 24, 2021
- ↑ Press release on baden-baden.tv, August 20, 2012 , accessed on March 9, 2014.
- ↑ Application as UNESCO World Heritage Great Spas of Europe. In: baden-baden.de. City of Baden-Baden, accessed on July 25, 2021 (website also contains information on the revised World Heritage application submitted at the beginning of 2019. At the time of retrieval on July 25, 2021, no reference to the already successful inclusion in the World Heritage List from the previous day July 24, 2021) ).
- ↑ Cordula Sailer: Is Bad Ems applying for World Heritage status? rhein-zeitung.de, June 21, 2013, accessed on March 9, 2014.
- ^ Great Spas of Europe. In: BadKissingen.de. Retrieved July 22, 2021 .
- ^ Bernhard Biener: Together with Vichy and Spa. faz.net, October 1, 2013, accessed March 10, 2014.
- ↑ Bad Pyrmont: Disappointment about World Heritage Site. In: radio-aktiv.de. radio active e. V., Hameln, May 14, 2016, accessed on July 25, 2021 .
- ↑ Ute Fiedler: Wiesbaden will not become a world cultural heritage. In: fr.de. FR (Frankfurter Rundschau, online edition), May 16, 2016, accessed on July 25, 2021 .
- ↑ Baden could become a World Heritage Site on ORF from December 1, 2014, accessed on December 1, 2014.
- ↑ Spas want to become a world cultural heritage. pragerzeitung.cz, August 29, 2013, accessed on March 9, 2014.
Cultural heritage: Flemish beguinages (1998) | Boat lifts on the Belgian Canal du Center (1998) | Grote Markt / Grand 'Place in Brussels (1998) | Belfries in Belgium and France (1999) | Old Town of Bruges (2000) | Art Nouveau buildings by Victor Horta in Brussels (2000) | Flint mines near Spiennes (2000) | Notre Dame Cathedral in Tournai (2000) | Plantin-Moretus Museum (2005) | Stoclet Palace (2009) | Significant sites of Walloon mining (2012) | The architectural work of Le Corbusier : Maison Guiette (2016)
Natural heritage: Old beech forests and primeval beech forests of the Carpathian Mountains and other regions of Europe : Sonia Forest (2017)
Cultural heritage:
Aachen Cathedral (1978) |
Speyer Cathedral (1981) |
Würzburg Residence with Hofgarten and Residenzplatz (1981) |
Pilgrimage Church on the Wies (1983) |
Castles of Augustusburg and Falkenlust in Brühl (1984) |
Cathedral and Michaeliskirche in Hildesheim (1985) |
Roman monuments, cathedral and Church of Our Lady in Trier (1986) |
Hanseatic City of Lübeck (1987) |
Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin (1990) |
Lorsch Abbey (1991) |
Rammelsberg mine, old town of Goslar and Upper Harz water management (1992) |
Maulbronn Monastery Complex (1993) | Old Town of Bamberg (1993) |
Collegiate Church , Castle and Old Town of Quedlinburg (1994) |
Völklinger Hütte (1994) |
Cologne Cathedral (1996) |
The Bauhaus and its sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau (1996, 2017) |
Luther memorials in Eisleben and Wittenberg (1996) |
Classic Weimar (1998) |
Museum Island Berlin (1999) |
Wartburg (1999) |
Dessau-Wörlitz Garden Realm (2000) |
Reichenau Monastery Island (2000) |
Zollverein Colliery and Zollverein Coking Plant (2001) |
Upper Middle Rhine Valley (2002) |
Old towns of Stralsund and Wismar (2002) |
Bremen Town Hall and Bremen Roland (2004) |
Fürst-Pückler-Park Bad Muskau (2004) |
Limits of the Roman Empire : Upper Germanic-Raetian Limes (2005) |
Old town of Regensburg with Stadtamhof (2006) |
Settlements of Berlin Modernism (2008) |
Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps (2011) |
Fagus factory in Alfeld (2011) |
Margravial Opera House Bayreuth (2012) |
Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe (2013) |
Carolingian Westwork and Civitas Corvey (2014) |
Hamburger Speicherstadt and Kontorhausviertel with Chilehaus (2015) |
The architectural work of Le Corbusier : two houses in the Weißenhofsiedlung (2016) |
Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Alb (2017) |
Archaeological border complex Haithabu and Danewerk (2018) |
Naumburg Cathedral (2018) |
Ore Mountains / Krušnohoří Mining Region (2019) |
Augsburg Water Management System (2019) |
Darmstadt artists' colony (2021) |
Great Spas of Europe : Baden-Baden , Bad Ems , Bad Kissingen (2021)
Natural heritage:
Messel Pit (1995) |
Wadden Sea of the North Sea (2009) |
Old beech forests (2011)
Former World Heritage:
Dresden Elbe Valley Cultural Landscape (2004–2009)
Historic city centers:
Episcopal city of Albi (2010) |
Roman and Romanesque Monuments of Arles (1981) |
Papal Palace , Cathedral and Avignon Bridge (1995) |
Bordeaux , Port de la Lune (2007) |
Carcassonne (1997) |
Le Havre (2005) |
Lyon (1998) |
Stanislas, de la Carrière and d'Alliance squares in Nancy (1983) |
Seine river from Paris (1991) |
Provins , city of medieval fairs (2001) |
Strasbourg: from Grande-Île to New Town (1988, 2017) |
Vézelay abbey church and hill (1979)
Structures: Fontenay Abbey (1981) | Saint-Savin Abbey (1983) | Belfries in Belgium and France (2005) | Canal du Midi (1996) | The architectural work of Le Corbusier (2016) | Vauban's fortifications (2008) | Great salt works of Salins-les-Bains and Royal salt works of Arc-et-Senans (1982) | Amiens Cathedral (1981) | Bourges Cathedral (1992) | Chartres Cathedral (1979) | Cordouan Lighthouse (2021) | Mont-Saint-Michel and its bay (1979) | Pont du Gard (1985) | Notre Dame Cathedral, former Saint-Remi Abbey and Palais du Tau in Reims (1991) | Fontainebleau Castle and its Park (1981) | Palace and Park of Versailles (1979) | Orange Theater and Arc de Triomphe (1981)
Archaeological sites:
Chauvet grotto near Vallon-Pont-d'Arc (2014) |
Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps (2011) |
Vézère valley: sites and cave paintings (1979)
Cultural and natural landscapes: Nord-Pas de Calais mining area (2012, K) | District Saint-Emilion (1999 K) | Causses and Cevennes (2011, K) | Climats - vineyards in Burgundy (2015, K) | French Southern and Antarctic Lands (2019, N) | Way of the pilgrims of St. James in France (1998, K) | Gulf of Porto: Piana Calanche, Gulf of Girolata and Scandola Nature Reserve (1983, N) | Mont Perdu (1997, K / N) | New Caledonia lagoons (2008, N) | Loire Valley - Between Sully-sur-Loire and Chalonnes-sur-Loire (2000, K) | Taputapuātea (2017, K) | Volcanic landscape on Reunion Island (2010, N) | Vineyards, wine houses and wine cellars of Champagne (2015, K)
Historic city centers:
Assisi (with basilica , Sacro Convento and memorials of St. Francis) (2000) |
Florence (1982) |
Mantua and Sabbioneta (2008) |
Naples (1995) |
Pienza (1996) |
Rome (1980) |
San Gimignano (1990) |
Siena (1995) |
Urbino (1998) |
Verona (2000) |
Vicenza (with the Palladian villas in Veneto) (1994)
Buildings:
Arab-Norman Palermo and the cathedrals of Cefalù and Monreale (2015) |
Padua Botanical Garden (1997) |
Castel del Monte (1995) |
Crespi d'Adda (1995) | Early Christian Monuments of Ravenna (1996) |
Modena Cathedral , Bell Tower and Piazza Grande (1997) |
Strade Nuove and Palazzi dei Rolli in Genoa (2006) |
Ivrea , industrial city of the 20th century (2018) |
Centers of Power of the Lombards (2011) |
18th century palace of Caserta with park , the Vanvitelli aqueduct and San Leucio (1997) |
Piazza del Duomo in Pisa (1987) |
Residences of the Royal House of Savoy (1997) |
Sacri Monti in Piedmont and Lombardy (2003) |
Santa Maria delle Grazie with Leonardo da Vinci's “Last Supper” in Milan (1980) | The Sassi and the Park of the Rock-Hewn Churches of Matera (1993) |
Trulli of Alberobello (1996) |
Villa d'Este in Tivoli (2001) |
Medici Villas and Gardens in Tuscany (2013) |
Venetian Defense System of the 16th to 17th Centuries (2017)
Archaeological sites:
Agrigento (1997) |
Aquileia (with Basilica of the Patriarch ) (1998) | Etruscan necropolis of Cerveteri and Tarquinia (2004) |
Valcamonica rock art (1979) |
Pompeii , Herculaneum and Torre Annunziata (1997) |
Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps (2011) |
Su Nuraxi di Barumini (1997) |
Syracuse and the rock necropolis of Pantalica (2005) |
Villa Adriana (1999) |
Villa Romana del Casale (1997)
Cultural and natural landscapes:
Old beech forests and primeval beech forests of the Carpathian Mountains and other regions of Europe (2017, N) |
Amalfi Coast (1997, K) |
Aeolian Islands (2000, N) |
Etna (2013, N) |
Cilento and Vallo di Diano with Elea , Paestum and the Charterhouse of Padula (1997, K) |
Dolomites (2009, N) |
Ferrara and the Po Delta (1995, K) |
Monte San Giorgio (2010, N) |
Portovenere and Cinque Terre with the islands of Palmaria , Tino and Tinetto (1997, K) |
Rhaetian Railway in the Albula / Bernina landscape (2008, K) |
Late baroque towns in Val di Noto (2002, K) |
Val d'Orcia (2004, K) |
Venice and its lagoon (1987, K) | Wine-growing regions in Piedmont: Langhe , Roero and Monferrato (2014, K)
Cultural heritage: Historic center of the city of Salzburg (1996) | Schönbrunn Palace and Gardens (1996) | Hallstatt – Dachstein / Salzkammergut cultural landscape (1997) | Semmering Railway (1998) | City of Graz - Historic Center and Eggenberg Palace (1999) | Wachau cultural landscape (2000) | Fertő / Neusiedler See cultural landscape (2001) | Historic Center of Vienna (2001, R ) | Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps (2011) Important health resorts in Europe (2021)
Natural heritage: ancient beech forests and primeval beech forests of the Carpathian Mountains and other regions of Europe (2017)
Heritage: Old Town Prague (1992) | Old Town of Český Krumlov (1992) | Old town of Telč (1992) | Zelená Hora pilgrimage church (1994) | Old town of Kutná Hora with St. Barbara and St. Mary's Church in Sedlec (1995) | Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape (1996) | Historic village of Holašovice (1998) | Kroměříž Castle and Park (1998) | Litomyšl Castle (1999) | Holy Trinity Column in Olomouc (2000) | Villa Tugendhat (2001) | Jewish Quarter and Basilica of St. Prokop in Třebíč (2003) | Kladruby nad Labem (2019) | Ore Mountains / Krušnohoří Mining Region (2019)
Heritage: Durham Castle and Durham Cathedral (1986) | Ironbridge Gorgewith The Iron Bridge (1986) | Studley Royal Park with the ruins of Fountains Abbey (1986) | Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Monuments of Megalithic Culture (1986) | King Edward's castles and city walls in Gwynedd (1986) | Blenheim Palace (1987) | Palace of Westminster and Westminster Abbey with St Margaret's Church (1987) | Downtown Bath (1987) | Borders of the Roman Empire : Hadrian's Wall (1987) and Antonine Wall (2008) | Tower of London (1988) | Cathedral , St Augustine's Abbey and St Martin's Church in Canterbury (1988) | Edinburgh Old and New Town (1995) | Maritime Greenwich (1997) | The Heart of Neolithic Orkney (1999) | Old town of Saint George's (Bermuda) with fortifications (2000) | Blaenavon industrial landscape (2000) | New Lanark Industrial Model Estate (2001) | Saltaire industrial village (2001) | Derwent Valley Mills (2001) | Royal Botanic Gardens of Kew (2003) | Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape (2006) | Pontcysyllte Aqueduct and Canal (2009) | Forth Bridge (2015) | Gorham Cave (2016) | Lake District (2017) | Jodrell Bank Radio Observatory (2019)
Natural Heritage: Giant's Causeway and Coast (1986) | Henderson (Pitcairn Islands) (1988) | Gough Island and Inaccessible (1995) | Dorset and East Devon Coast (2001)
Cultural / Natural Heritage: St. Kilda (Scotland) (1986)
Former World Heritage:
Liverpool - Maritime Trade City (2004-2021)