Christian Otter

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Christian Otter, oil painting by an unknown Dutch painter, around 1640
Signature "Christianus Otterus Ragnetanus", 1656

Christian Otter ( Latin Christianus Otterus ; Lithuanian Kristijonas Oteras, Christianas Otteras ; * 1598 in Ragnit , Duchy of Prussia ; † August 9, 1660 in Nijmegen ) was a Prussian mathematician, traveler and fortress builder. He also dealt with mathematical and physical problems in making musical instruments .

Life

origin

Christian Otter was a son of the bailiff Johann Otter the Elder. Ä. and his wife Anna Dörffer, a daughter of Martin Dörffer from Rastenburg . Johann Otter the Elder Ä. and his brother Friedrich Otter, who lived in Prussian Lithuania , were born in Goldkronach "in Land zu Francken offm Gebürge" in the Margraviate of Brandenburg-Kulmbach , where their four brothers Wolfgang, Johann Otter the Elder lived. J., Steffan and Heinrich Otter, who were also called "Leh (en) mann". Members of the family were in the service of the Hohenzollerns in Upper Franconia and in the Duchy of Prussia .

After Anna Dörffer was widowed, she married Michael Lock from Ragnit. Johann Jakob Lock (1617–1667) was a half-brother ( uterinus ) of Christian Otter.

School and study

Insterburg and Königsberg

Otter attended the schools in Ragnit and Insterburg , where Jakob Petri († 1639) was one of his teachers. Since June 29, 1610, “Christianus Otter, Ragnetensis Borussus ,” studied at the University of Königsberg . As a minor, he did not need to take an enrollment oath.

's-Gravenhage and Franeker

Franeker University, 1622

In 1619 Otter traveled to the Netherlands and met the mathematician and orientalist Jacobus Golius in 's-Gravenhage ( Hagae Comitis ; Den Haag) . On August 9, 1619, he enrolled at Franeker University . In 1621 he visited Leiden, where he met the mathematician Willebrord van Roijen Snell , Aelius Everhardus Vorstius and Daniel Heinsius . In Amsterdam he met the cartographer Willem Jansz. Blaeu . In Franeker he heard the professor of mathematics, navigation, military engineering and astronomy Adriaan Metius and the professor of theology and physics Johannes Maccovius . Among his fellow students were the later Bremer Syndikus Johann Wachmann , Philipp Hermann Schickhard (* around 1600/05, † 1675), Friedrich Müncker († 1694) and Marinus Stavenisse (1601–1663).

Christian Otter contributed two mourning poems and a chronogram to a memorial for the theology student Reiner Orinus (* around 1598, † 1622) from Harlingen , who died in Leiden and previously matriculated in Franeker . The other contributors to the book were Johannes Maccovius, Jan de Mandeville (* around 1601, † 1657), LJ Sylvius, Bernhard Daniels (* around 1595, † after 1649) and Abel Moda (* around 1602, † after 1636).

Activity as a private teacher

Stay in Poland

In 1622 Otter returned to Königsberg via Gdansk. In 1624 he worked as court master in Poland and met the mathematician Johann Strauss and Albert von Rauter (1589–1626) on Willkamm ( Wielewo ), governor of Seehesten ( Szestno ) in Königsberg . In Elbing he visited Maccovius, whom he knew from Franeker. In March 1626 he met the governor of the monastery Cammin Paul von Damitz († after 1639) and the Pomeranian councilor Peter Glasenapp († around 1640), both of whom were ambassadors in Poland. Damitz and Glasenapp persuaded Otter to go back to the Netherlands.

Franeker, Leiden and 's-Gravenhage

After Otter met the ducal chancellor Martin von Wallenrodt in Königsberg in May , he took the ship to Holland in the summer of 1626 and initially spent half a year in Franeker. During this time he met Bernardus Paludanus and Mikolaj (Nikolaus) Słupecki z Konar (* around 1604, † 1672) know. On November 18, 1626 Christian Otter enrolled at the University of Leiden . His brother Martinus Otterus (* around 1607) also enrolled there on August 30, 1627. In Leiden or in neighboring 's-Gravenhage, Christian Otter met the influential theology professor André Rivet (1572–1651), the mathematician Albert Girard , the physicians Johannes Origanus (1601–1676) and Johannes Kolner († 1630), the later governor of Sokal and Brest Jan Kaszowski (1560–1620) from Wysokie , the later Brunswick-Lüneburg councilor Andreas von Bernstorff (1604–1655), the mathematician Frans van Schooten and the physician and later war builder Adam Freitag . Christoph Otto Oesler , Melchior Korff (* around 1606, † around 1655) and Samuel Knoth (1607–1649) referred to Otter as their teacher in entries in the registry.

Siege of 's-Hertogenbosch

Siege of 's-Hertogenbosch 1629, mapped by engineer Theodor Niels, 1631

During the siege of 's-Hertogenbosch ( Sylva-Ducis ) in the Eighty Years' War , Otter was in the field camp of the governor of the Netherlands Friedrich Heinrich von Nassau-Orange in 1629 . There he met Carl von Riemitz (Niemitz?) And the engineer colonel Theodorus Niels (Dirck Nils) († 1633), who died a few years later during the siege of Rheinberg . During the fortification work on the side of the besiegers in the English units were also the fortress construction officers ( ingenirs ) Kapitein -Ingenieur Jan van den Bosch († after 1637) and contrôleur Thomas Humfrey ( Master Humphry), with the French fortress builder Adrien de Perceval († 1636) and his son, who later became the Dutch quartermaster and general engineer Pierre de Perceval (* around 1607, † 1657). The fortress builder and engineer Matthijs van Voort worked for Count Ernst Casimir von Nassau-Dietz's troops department .

Further activity as a private teacher

Grand tour of England, France and Switzerland

In 1630/31 Otter, as the preceptor of the sons of Polish and Saxon nobles, visited London - Oxford - Cambridge - Leuven - Brussels - Orléans - Angers - La Rochelle - Poitiers - Bordeaux - Paris - Orange - Nîmes - Marseille - Lyon on a grand tour with his students - Geneva - Bern. On this trip, the Swiss major general in the Swedish service Samuel Weiss von Schalen (1571–1638), in Oxford Jørgen (Georg) Rosenkrantz (1607–1675), 1653–1665 court master of the Sorø Academy , and his brother Erik Rosenkrantz ( 1612–1681), in Löwen the humanist Erycius Puteanus (1574–1646) in his stud book. At the University of Angers , Otter met the later Brandenburg fortress builder Matthias Dögen . In La Rochelle he met Johann Sigismund von Fünfkirchen (1605–1650). In Paris in the autumn of 1630 he made the acquaintance of Krzysztof (Christoph) Słupecki z Konar (* around 1606 - † 1639), Jerzy (Georg) Słupecki z Konar (* around 1615 - † 1661), Adam von Schliewitz († 1631), Johann von Schweinichen (1610–1677), Heinrich von Schweintz and Hugo Grotius . The secretary of Grotius, Edmond le Mercier († after 1665), a professor of vernacular languages ​​( linguarum vulgarium professor ), he taught mathematics.

View of Orange, engraving by Christophe Tassin, 1634

In April 1631, the Nassau governor Christoph Burggraf zu Dohna and the piece caster and engineer captain Jacob von Holst (1609–1674) entered their records in Orange in April 1631 . Hans Rudolf von Greiffenberg (1607–1677) on Seisenegg met Otter in Lyon. In Bern he met the later mayor of Hamburg, Peter Lütkens the Elder. Ä. know.

Strasbourg

"Christianus Otterus, Ragnetensis " moved to the University of Strasbourg on July 11, 1631 , where he called Matthias Bernegger , Johannes Freinsheim , the later Münsterberg-Oels ' councilor Georg Räsewitz, Passel (1606–1644), David Fleckhammer (* around 1605/10 ; † 1668), since 1653 professor of mathematics and history and building director in Durlach, and met the medical student Johannes Reinhard Widt (1608–1653). Otter stayed in Strasbourg until April / May 1632.

Grand Tour of Italy and France

In 1632 Otter was in Geneva, Basel, Siena, Rome and Venice, in April 1633 he visited Milan, in June he was again in Paris. Otter made this trip with Fabian Truchsess von Waldburg (1610–1644) to Landsberg ( Górowo Iławeckie ) and other of his students, partly accompanied by Robert Roberthin , Andreas Adersbach and Jakob Schlein (* around 1605/10) from Königsberg. In Geneva he met Caspar II von Stosch (1611–1684), in Basel the later Swedish resident in Hamburg Vincent VI. Moller (1615-1668) and Hermann Mylius von Gnadenfeld (Hermann II. Moller). Johann wing (1603–1662), later syndic and mayor of the city of Riga, signed himself into his family book in Rome. In Paris he met Adam Freitag again, who was staying there as Prince Janusz Radziwiłł's personal physician . Wolf Friederich Truchseß von Wetzhausen († 1646) zu Langheim ( Łankiejmy ) and Georg Reimann d. J. (1599–1661) from Königsberg - son of Georg Reimann the Elder. Ä. - met otters there.

Suffer

In September 1633 he returned to Leiden via Rijnsburg , where he visited the mathematician Albrecht Linemann . There he met Friedrich Nauwerck (* around 1605/11) from Königsberg.

Koenigsberg

In 1634 Christian Otter stayed in Königsberg. Friedrich Getkant (Bridžius Gedkantas) (* around 1602, † 1666), who also came from Ragnit and later worked as an artillery officer, cartographer and military engineer, (was here Regiomontum ) on 1 June 1634. Otters pedigree one. The entry contains the oldest surviving literary evidence of a folk song in Lithuanian . Otter also met the Königsberg professor for mathematics and history Sigismund Weier and Valentin Thilo (Valtin Tiele) in 1634 .

Leiden, Franeker and Utrecht

Leiden University Library, 1610/1649

On July 18, 1634 (together with his half-brother Johann Jakob Lock and Jakob Löbel) and October 22, 1636 he was re-enrolled in Leiden as a student of mathematics. In the meantime he represented the mathematics chair of his late teacher Adriaan Metius in Franeker (registered on October 2, 1635) in 1635/36 . During this time in Leiden he met Christoph Finck von Finckenstein († 1660), Friedrich von Hutten (1612–1646) zu Stolzenberg-Soden, the later Electorate Chancellor Haubold von Miltitz , Christoph Tinctorius , Hans Georg von Döring (1614–1668) Nehmitz, Gottfried von Döring († 1641) on Trautzschen, Christian von Döring († 1687) on Graßdorf near Taucha and - again - Paul von Damitz, in 's-Gravenhage the fortress builder and Swedish general quartermaster François de Treytorrens (1590-1660), the Polish residents in the Netherlands Nicolaus de By (Niclaas de Bije) and Constantijn Huygens , in Franeker Georg Pasor and Arnold Verhel (1580–1664), in Leeuwarden Johannes Saeckma (1572–1636), the curator of the University of Franeker, and the mathematician Bernhardus Fullenius (1602-1657). Christian Otter put together a collection of drawings of buildings, fortresses, cities and landscapes, which was later kept in the Königsberg city library. In February 1637 Otter sent an arithmetic book ("een rekenboekje") with a new method, which had actually been invented by his brother, to Constantijn Huygens from Leiden. He also announced that he would like to write a book with new notes on fortification construction ( over fortificaties ).

From August 13 to September 23, 1637, Otter held a private college on fortress construction for 177 thalers in Leiden , at which Christian Caspar von Waldow (* around 1617), Botho Christian von Trott zu Solz (* around 1616; † 1642) on Himmelpfort, Christian Vitzthum von Eckstädt (* around 1620), Heinrich vom Hagen , Christoph V. Vitzthum von Eckstedt , Hartmut XVIII. von Cronberg , Johann Daniel von Cronberg , Reinhold Liwe (1621–1665) and Conrad von Uexküll-Gyllenband (* around 1617, † 1656) took part. The exile Bernhard Bruch (1617–1687) from Saarbrücken was allowed to visit the college free of charge.

Otter's students in Leiden also included Christian Albert Burggraf zu Dohna , Ernst Bogislaw von Croÿ and Aarschot , Rudolph Haubold von Einsiedel (1616–1654) at Wolkenburg (who “used geometry, architecture and fortification for quite some time, these sciences thoroughly appropriated ”, he dedicated an entry in the register to“ his teacher ”( Praeceptori suo ) Otter), Johann Masius , Johann Heinrich Lavater and Jakob Löbel (* around 1611; † 1652) from Ragnit, a talented mathematician. During this time, Otter probably met the Prince Elector of Brandenburg, Friedrich Wilhelm , who attended courses in Leiden during his stay in the Netherlands (July 1634 to summer 1638). Also Johannes Magirus seems to have attended a college Otters.

1637/38 Otter was at the newly founded University of Utrecht in 1636 , where he a. a. Hendricus Reneri (1593–1639) and René Descartes met. Descartes described Otter as "extremely ingenious and learned diligent mathematicians" ( solertissimus et studiosissimus cultor Matheseos ). In 1638 Christian Otter met the professor of mathematics at the Athenaeum Illustre Amsterdam and astronomer Maarten van den Hove .

Court mathematician

Verden, trip to Hamburg

In 1639/40 Otter stayed with the Protestant Archbishop of Bremen and Bishop of Verden Friedrich II of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf , Prince of Denmark, in Verden and Rotenburg . Here he met Chancellor Dietrich Reinkingk , Landdrost Caspar Schulte (1590–1657), the pastor to Jork Franz Müller (* around 1605; † 1655), Rentmeister Johann Badenhop (* 1595; † around 1565), Lorenz Bodock and chamber clerk Christoffer von Gabel . In January 1641 Christian Otter was in Hamburg and met the mathematician Johann Adolf Tassius . He was friends with the Hamburg pastor and poet Johann Rist .

Eutin, trip to Denmark

Drawing of the "Tuba hercotectonica", Christian Otter, 1656

Since 1641 Christian Otter lived in the residence town of Eutin of Lübeck Bishop Johann von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf . He met the bishop's court marshal, Melchior Korf, in 1627 in Leiden. In Eutin, Otter entered the register of court preacher Samuel Gerlach (1609–1683). The brother of the bishop, Duke Friedrich III. von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf , and his wife Maria Elisabeth, b. Princess of Saxony , signed in 1642 - perhaps at Gottorf Castle - in Otter's register, as did the bishop's office director Christian Cassius in Eutin . In the late summer and autumn of 1643 Otter visited Denmark (Copenhagen, the Sorø Academy , Glückstadt). In Copenhagen he met the mathematics professor Ericus Olai Tormius (Erik Olufsen Torm) (1607–1667), in Sorø the Danish Councilor Heinrich von Ramel the Elder. J. (1601–1653) zu Wusterwitz and Bäckaskog (Bekeschow) and in the Danish secondary residence Glückstadt ( Tychopolis ) the personal physician of the Danish King and Duke of Holstein Hellwig Dieterich (1601–1655). For the Danish King Christian IV , who signed his name in Otter's album amicorum , he made a hercotectonica (= fortification tuba) , a trumpet-like instrument or military hyperbolic mouthpiece or listening device that is now forgotten . He received a bonus of 200 Reichstalers for this. In the estate of Otter in the City History Museum in Königsberg there were cardboard models that he had made before 1646 to show curve circles , conic sections , rose curves , angular divisions, etc. a. to calculate.

Admission to the Sprachgesellschaft Deutsch-minded cooperative

On December 5, 1644, Christian Otter with the company name The Receiving Party was accepted as the 13th member and "secret carer" of his guild headquarters in the German-minded language society, which was founded on May 1, 1643 by Philipp von Zesen in Hamburg.

Trip to the Netherlands

In October 1646, the mathematician Johannes von Leuneschlos (1620–1699) complained that Otter had not yet published “his very astute inventions on both civil and military architecture”. In the same year Christian Otter published Specimen problematum hercotectonico-geometricorum in Amsterdam , which he dedicated to his employer, Bishop Johann von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf, the Bishop of Lübeck.

Johannes Smetius reported in January 1647 that Christian Otter introduced him to Descartes' algebra in Nijmegen. He also instructed him in music and building fortifications. In February 1647 Otter stayed in Amsterdam and gave the printer of Louis Elsevier the Elder as the address. J. (1604-1670) at. He intended to soon have a son by “T. A. ”in Leiden and then to visit Huygens in 's-Gravenhage. In May 1647 Otter, who had dealt with mathematical and physical problems in acoustics and music theory, sent Huygens some theses on sound generation by cylinders and bells.

Koenigsberg

Map of Fort Friedrichsburg, copper engraving by Paulus Schmidt, 1809

From 1647 to 1658 Otter was employed as court mathematician to Elector Friedrich Wilhelm von Brandenburg at the University of Königsberg for an annual salary of 1000 Reichstalers . The appointment document of June 24, 1647 was issued in Kleve , Brandenburg , and was probably handed over there. Otter began his service in Königsberg in the summer of 1648 shortly after the death of Robert Roberthin. When Otter's pupil and friend Jakob Löbel died in 1652, Simon Dach dedicated a funeral poem to the "noble and world-famous" mathematician Christian Otter , in which Otter himself, Jacob Löbel, Roberthin and Jacob's brother † Jochim Löbel are mentioned.

Christian Otter designed the fortress Groß Friedrichsburg of the fortification buildings Königsberg , which was built in 1657 on the south bank of the Pregel . The mathematician Georg Neumann (1634–1679) from Drengfurth ( Srokowo ) was in charge of construction . According to a similar construction plan, the Brandenburg Fort Groß Friedrichsburg was built in 1683–86 by Karl Konstantin von Schnitter (1657–1721) in what is now Ghana . Otter's half-brother Johann Jakob Lock claimed that the new “Dutch way” of fortress construction , which was first published by Adam Freitag in 1631, was actually developed by Christian Otter and only adopted by Freitag. In view of the chronological sequence - Otter's text Specimen problematum hercotectonico-geometricorum appeared in 1646 - however, this is unlikely.

Allegedly Otter also calculated the statics of the Neurossgärter Church , the large vaulted ceiling of which was built in wood construction without central pillars; however, its foundation stone was laid on May 30, 1644 (inaugurated on December 5, 1647).

Professor of Mathematics

Trip to the Netherlands, Nijmegen

Kwartierlijke Academie Nijmegen , founded in 1655

In the summer of 1657, Otter stayed in Amsterdam while on a trip to the Netherlands. Henning Manteuffel gave him some of his drawings for the fortress when he left on September 1st. In Arnhem, Otter was called to the Nijmegen council in 1657 for a professorship with the offer of 100 silver ducats . In the last two years of his life (1658 to 1660) Otter taught as a professor of mathematics at the University of Nijmegen . Otter, who was considered a misogynist , died unmarried. A copy of his grave inscription, which was in the choir room of the Stevenskerk , has been preserved.

Otter's nephew Georg Wilhelm Mühlkünzel (1640–1705), son of the Kornschreiber zu Ragnit and electoral builder Wolfgang Michael Mühlküntzel († 1645) and Dorothea Otter († around 1644/45) from Goldkronach, traveled to Nijmegen in 1660/61 and brought the legacy to Koenigsberg. Mühlküntzel's widow Dorothea b. von Sanden (vom Sande) († after 1708) donated Otters' estate to the Königsberg City Library.

coat of arms

The six Otter brothers in Ragnit and Goldkronach and their descendants were given a descriptive coat of arms by the Imperial Palatinate Count Sebastian Röttinger in Nördlingen by means of two identical coats of arms dated April 9, 1606 .

Blazon : shield divided by gold and blue or natural water color. The lower field shows a soaring otter in natural color with a grabbed pike in its mouth in front of green-gold reeds .

swell

  • Christian Otter: Album amicorum , 1619–1643; Wróblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences Vilnius (F 15–303)
  • Letter from Christian Otter (Edition: "Chr. Otnerus") to Constantijn Huygens from February 13, 1637 from Leiden. In: Jacob A. Worp (ed.): De briefwisseling van Constantijn Huygens , Vol. II 1634–1639 . Nijhoff, 's-Gravenhage 1913, No. 1531, p. 225 ( digitized version of the Digitale Bibliotheek voor de Nederlandse Letteren)
  • Letters from Johannes Smetius to Constantijn Huygens from January 4th and August 12th July / 22nd August  1647 greg. from Nijmegen, letter from Christian Otter to Constantijn Huygens of February 13, 1647 from Amsterdam. In: Jacob A. Worp (ed.): De briefwisseling van Constantijn Huygens , Vol. IV 1644–1649 . Nijhoff, 's-Gravenhage 1915, nos. 4519, 4545 and 4650; Pp. 373–374, 389 and 420 ( digitized version from the Digitale Bibliotheek voor de Nederlandse Letteren)
  • Letter from Christian Otter to Constantijn Huygens dated May 1647. In: Christiaan Huygens: Oeuvres complètes , vol. IM Nijhoff, La Haye 1888, no. 35, p. 69f ( digitized version of the Biodiversity Heritage Library)
  • Letters from Christian Otter to Johannes Hevelius in Danzig on November 20, 1644 from Utrecht and on November 14, 1648, October 22, 1649, March 1 and September 3, 1650, March 1 and August 4, 1651 and September 10, 1656 from Koenigsberg; a letter of January 6, 1657 is lost; Bibliothèque de l'Observatoire de Paris (Hevelius, Johannes - Correspondance, 1630–1686; C1 / 1-46, -164 and -173; C1 / 2-27, -37, -47 and 71–73; C1 / 4- 17 and -18) = copies in the Bibliothèque nationale de France Paris (Latin 10347)

Works

  • Christianus Otterus Ragnetensis Lithvano-Prutenus : Aliud I. Quando tuum stringit mea lumina… , Χρονόστιχον and Aliud II. Cum divina cohors novem dearum… . In: Johannes Makowsky , Christian Otter, Jan de Mandeville, LJ Sylvius, Bernhard Daniels, Abel Moda: Carmina in Obitum Eruditissimi & Piissimi Iuvenis-Viri Regneri Orini in Academia Leydensi , in quam studiorum gratia ex patria concesserat, defuncti. Scripta from Amicis Franekerae… placide obdormivit. Frederik Heynsius (Feddrick Heyns), Franeker 1622, unpaginated ( Google Books )
  • (lost) Christian Otter (together with Martin Otter or Johann Jakob Lock?): [Rechenbuch], around 1637
  • C. O. (= Christian Otter) Ragnetanus : Specimen problematum hercotectonico-geometricorum quo ut fortificationis (vulgo ita dictae) modi universalis ita sectionis rationalis linearum vestigium exhibetur . Johannes Fabel, Amsterdam 1646 ( Google Books )
  • Christian Otter Ragnetanus : Principia architecturae militaris (printed from a manuscript from the Königsberg City Library ). In: Friedrich Johann Buck : Life descriptions of the deceased Prussian mathematicians in general and of the Prussian mathematician P. Christian Otter who died more than a hundred years ago in particular . Hartung / Zeise, Königsberg and Leipzig 1764, pp. 305–346 ( Google Books )
  • Christian Otter: Mechanismen , ed. by Kurt Reidemeister and Theodor Peters. With 2 panels (including 1 portrait) and 22 figures. (Writings of the Königsberg learned society. Natural science class Jg. 10, booklet 5). Max Niemeyer, Halle (Saale) 1933, pp. 1–27 = pp. 153–182 ( Google Books ; limited preview)

literature

  • Gottlieb Siegfried Bayer : The life of Christian Otters of a Prussian Mathematici . Ex MScto Clarissimi Bayeri. In: Georg Peter Schultz (Hrsg.): Continuirtes Gelehrtes Preußen, Or quarterly excerpt from all kinds of Prussian books, along with learned men's lives and MSC notes on Prussian monuments . Nicolai, Thorn 1,3 (1725), pp. 27–63 ( digitized version of the Saxon State Library - Dresden State and University Library)
  • Johann Heinrich Zedler : Otter, (Christian) . In: ders. (Ed.): Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts , vol. XXV. Johann Heinrich Zedler, Leipzig and Halle 1740, Sp. 2383 ( Google Books )
  • Friedrich Johann Buck: Life descriptions of the deceased Prussian mathematicians in general and of the Prussian mathematician P. Christian Otter, who died more than a hundred years ago, in particular , Hartung / Zeise, Königsberg and Leipzig 1764. ( Online )
  • Heinrich Wilhelm Rotermund : Otter (Christian) . In: Johann Christoph Adelung , Heinrich Wilhelm Rotermund (Ed.): Continuation and additions to Christian Gottlieb Jöcher's general scholarly lexicon , vol. V. Johann Georg Heyse, Bremen 1816, Sp. 1281f ( Google Books )
  • August Robert Seraphim , Paul Rhode (arr.): Manuscript catalog of the city library Königsberg i. Pr. Fr. Beyer, Königsberg i. Pr. 1909, No. S 12, 13. 14 I, 14 II, 120, p. 91.12 ° and Certificate No. 17; Pp. 20f, 247, 325 and 341 ( digitized version of the Toruń University Library)
  • Cornelis de Waard : OTTERUS (Christiaan) . In: Petrus J. Blok, Philip C. Molhuysen (eds.): Nieuw Nederlandsch biografisch woordenboek , Vol. VII. Sijthoff, Leiden 1927, p. 935f ( digitized version of the Digitale Bibliotheek voor de Nederlandse Letteren)
  • Theodor Peters: Christian Otter, fastening theory. (Rational route division.) . In: Sources and studies on the history of mathematics, astronomy and physics. Dept. B Studies 2 (1933), pp. 352-363
  • Arnold Kowalewski : A Descartes relic in Königsberg . In: Kant studies 40 (1935), pp. 264–276
  • Christian Krollmann : Otter, Christian . In: Altpreussische Biographie , Vol. II. Gräfe and Unzer, Königsberg 1942 (reprint: Elwert, Marburg 1967), p. 486
  • Kurt Reidemeister: About mechanisms . In: ders .: space and number . Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg 1957, pp. 22–31 ( Google Books ; limited preview)
  • Jantien Gea Dopper: A life of learning in Leiden. The mathematician Frans van Schooten (1615-1660) . (diss. phil.). Ponsen & Looijen, Utrecht 2014, p. 214f ​​( digitized from the University of Utrecht)
  • Klaas Hoogendoorn: Bibliography of the Exact Sciences in the Low Countries from ca.1470 to the Golden Age (1700) . Brill, Leiden 2018, p. 730 ( Google Books ; limited preview)

Web links

  • Otter, Christian, German Biography ( Online )
  • Martinus Hubertus Henricus Engels: Philotheca of Album amicorum (1619–1643) van de wiskundige Christian Otter uit Oost-Pruisen (Lithuania / Lithuania) , 2019 ( digitized version )

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Letter of arms of Sebastian Röttinger from April 9, 1606 for Johann Otter and his brothers, issued in Nördlingen; Gottlieb Siegfried Bayer: The life of Christian Otters of a Prussian Mathematici . In: Continued learned Prussia . Nicolai, Thorn 1,3 (1725), pp. 27–63, esp. Pp. 46–53 ( digitized version of the Saxon State Library - State and University Library Dresden) = (abbreviated) Friedrich Johann Buck: life descriptions of the deceased Prussian mathematicians in general and of ... mathematician P. Christian Otter in particular . Hartung / Zeise, Königsberg and Leipzig 1764, pp. 204–208.
  2. ^ A b Max Jähns : History of the war sciences primarily in Germany , Vol. II. Oldenbourg, Munich 1890, p. 1125f ( Google Books ; limited preview); here imprecise: " Nordgau ".
  3. ↑ See e.g. B. The dispatch of the surveyor Friedrich Otter to Vienna for the production of a floor plan by Seefeld and Schweinbart , 1600; Bamberg State Archives (Markgraftum Brandenburg-Bayreuth, Plassenburg Secret House Archive, files and volumes No. 3750). Friedrich Otter (Ötter) was 1601, 1604 Vogt of the Ansbach fief in Unterschwaningen ; Bamberg State Archives (Markgraftum Brandenburg-Kulmbach-Bayreuth, Plassenburg Secret House Archive, files and volumes, No. 3718); Bavarian Main State Archives Munich (Reich Chamber of Commerce, No. 3601).
  4. ↑ Registered on July 22, 1631 in Königsberg, on July 18, 1634 and on July 13, 1640 in Leiden.
  5. ↑ Johann Röling : Wolvered memory of the… women Catharinen Lockin, Des… Mr. Hanß Jacob Locken… Rahtsverwandten der löbl. Alten-Stadt Königsberg, left behind Mrs. Wittwen . Reusner, Koenigsberg 1673.
  6. ↑ From Siegen, on May 18, 1622 as "Philippus Hermannus Schichart Nassavius " and enrolled in Leiden on November 8, 1623, later court master of the Keppel monastery , son of Philipp Christoph Schickhard .
  7. ↑ From Ferndorf in the Principality of Nassau-Siegen , on July 28, 1620 as "Fredericus Munker Nassovius " matriculated in Franeker, later a hammer smith and mining entrepreneur.
  8. ↑ From Zierikzee , Army of Brijdorpe and Botland on the island of Schouwen-Duiveland , enrolled on October 27, 1622 as "Marinus Stavenes Zelandus " in Leiden, later councilor and pensioner of Zierikzee.
  9. ↑ On October 16, 1615 matriculated in Franeker, on September 1, 1621 as "Regnerus Orinus Frisius Harlingensis " in Leiden.
  10. ↑ From Nijmegen, on March 3, 1623 as "Joannes Mandewyl Noviomagensis " matriculated in Leiden, son of the city doctor Michael de Mandeville, 1624 Hebrew teacher at the Atheneum Harderwijk, pastor in Garderen.
  11. ↑ From Geldern, Latinized from Bosch, van den Bos, etc.
  12. ↑ From Düsseldorf, visiting the Schola rhetorica in Cologne, on October 10, 1611 enrolled at the Pedagogy and 1612 at the High School in Herborn, on September 11, 1619 as "Bernhardus Danielius Dusseldorpiensis Montanus " in Leiden, on April 11, 1620 in Franeker , July 9, 1620 in Groningen, 1626 doctorate as Dr. jur. in Basel, later lawyer in Düsseldorf.
  13. ↑ From Emden, on November 24, 1623 registered as "Abelus Moda Embdanus " in Leiden, later a colonel in Swedish service, defended Heidelberg in 1634.
  14. ↑ 1611 matriculated in Angers.
  15. ↑ Peter Bahl: The court of the great elector. Studies on higher officials in Brandenburg-Prussia . Böhlau, Cologne / Weimar 2001, p. 449
  16. ↑ From Kolberg, registered in Greifswald in 1590.
  17. ↑ a b c son of Feliks Słupecki z Konar (Konary) (1571–1617); Stanisław Kot : Słupeccy w ruchu reformacyjnym . In: Odrodzenie i reformacja w Polsce 4 (1926), pp. 181-198, especially pp. 189f; Dirk van Miert: Humanism in an Age of Science. The Amsterdam Athenaeum in the Golden Age, 1632-1704 . Brill, Leiden 2009, p. 126 ( Google Books ; limited preview).
  18. ↑ Joachimus and Martinus Otter Ragnicensis matriculated together on June 11, 1616 in Königsberg.
  19. ^ From Glatz, nephew of the mathematician and astronomer David Origanus , matriculated in Frankfurt an der Oder in 1616, in Leiden on August 8, 1624 and June 16, 1633, in 1636 doctorate degree. med. enrolled in Padua on May 6th 1656, July 1st 1660 and December 11th 1663 in Leiden.
  20. ^ From Kolberg, professor of medicine in Greifswald.
  21. ↑ son of Piotr Kaszowski († 1594), a co-founder of Babinischen Republic .
  22. ↑ From Bremen, on September 29, 1626 registered as “Melchior Korf Bremensis ” in Leiden, 1638 marriage, mentioned since 1639 as court marshal of the Lübeck bishop Johann von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf; Schleswig-Holstein State Archives Schleswig (Section 7 Dukes of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf, No. 1238).
  23. ↑ From Groß-Glogau ( Głogów ), 1624 (together with Christian Cnotius) matriculated in Basel, 1625 in Leipzig, on September 13, 1627 as "Samuel Cnotius Silesius " in Leiden, on December 21, 1629 in Franeker, later jurisconsult (legal scholar ), died in Frankfurt an der Oder.
  24. ^ Theodoor Niels, Salomon Savery (1594–1678), Balthasar Florisz. van Berckenrode (1591-1645); Adriaen Pietersz. van de Venne : Expugnatio Sylvae Ducis , Anno 1629 . van Hill Nachf. / van Wouw, o.O. 1631.
  25. ↑ In 1634 he strengthened the Rheinberg fortress as “Wis-kunst-leeger-meeter” , in 1637 Friedrich Heinrich von Nassau-Oranien sent his “ervaeren Sterck-bou-konst Leger-meeter” (= experienced fortification building art quartermaster; marginal note: engineer) Jan vanden Bosch “To Breda; Isaac Commelin : Frederick Hendrick van Nassauw Prince van Orangien. Zyn Leven en Bedryf , Vol. I. Jodocus Janssonius, Amsterdam 1651, pp. 192 and 268 ( Google Books ).
  26. ↑ George Sanders: Het present van Staat. De gouden ketens, kettingen en medailles verleend door de Staten-Generaal, 1588-1795 . Verloren, Hilversum 2013, p. 248.
  27. ↑ Adriaan von Percivall (Porcibal; Pachewal) also directed the fortifications of Glückstadt from 1620; Juliette Germaine Roding: Christiaan IV van Denemarken (1588-1648). Architectuur en stedebouw van een Luthers vorst . (diss. phil.). Nijmegen 1991, p. 133.
  28. ↑ Epitaph in the Marienkirche in Gdańsk.
  29. ^ Henry Hexham († 1658): A Historical Relation Of the Famous Siege of the Busse , And the surPrising of Wesell . Delft 1630, p. 9 ( Google Books ), cf. P. 19: "Monsieur Neals his Exelencies Inginer" = Theodor Niels.
  30. ↑ James Prempart: A Historic All Relation Of the Famous Siege of the Citie called the Bvsse . Jan Fredericksz. Stam / Hendrick Hondius, Amsterdam 1630, p. 6 and p. 7 ( Google Books ). The French Jacques (James; Jakob) Prempart was a Swedish genius officer.
  31. ↑ Both sons of Holger Rosenkrantz and Sophie Brahe (1578–1646).
  32. ↑ From 1627 to 1629 he served in the bodyguard of Friedrich Heinrichs von Oranien, son of Johann Bernhard von Fünfkirchen .
  33. ↑ 1628 in Tübingen, on June 7th 1628 registered as "Georgius de Conari Slupecki" in Geneva, on February 24th 1632 registered in Leiden.
  34. ↑ 1627 matriculated in Strasbourg, 1630 in Siena, died in Florence; Frewden-Post ... About the Trawer-Post, From the ... Mr. Adams von Schliewitz, on old beautiful and small Wanderers . David Müller, Breslau 1632 ( digital copy from the Bavarian State Library in Munich).
  35. ^ Enrolled in Altdorf, Basel and Strasbourg, 1630 in Siena, later governor of the Duchy of Liegnitz .
  36. ^ Enrolled in Altdorf, Basel, 1626 in Strasbourg, 1628 in Orléans, 1630 in Siena.
  37. ↑ Friedrich Burggraf von Dohna , Heinrich Borkowski (ed.): Les mémoires du Burgrave et Comte Frédéric de Dohna… 1621-1688 . Teichert, Königsberg 1898, p. Viii note 3; the engineer Holst came from Marienburg in Prussia ( entry in the register : Mar [iaeburgum] B [orussiae] Ingen [iarius] ), 1633 electoral Brandenburg engineer, 1638 fortress engineer in Spandau, 1659 general quartermaster.
  38. ↑ In 1664 he married his niece Catharina Regina Linsmayr von Greiffenberg .
  39. ^ From Strasbourg, registered in Strasbourg in 1624, engineer in the Saxon-Weimar service, preceptor of young Swedish aristocrats.
  40. ↑ From Strasbourg, 1625 enrolled in Strasbourg, 1632 medical disputation under Professor Melchior Sebitz the Elder. J. (* 1578; † 1671 or 1674) in Strasbourg, contributor to various commemorative publications.
  41. ↑ From Königsberg, son of Valentin Schlein junior, 1622 matriculated at the grammar school Thorn, 1623 in Königsberg. In 1634 Simon Dach wrote a poem on his wedding to Catherina Vogt; Simon Dach: Poems , Vol. I, ed. by Walther Ziesemer . (Writings of the Königsberg learned society. Special series 4). M. Niemeyer, Halle (Saale) 1936, p. 21.
  42. ^ Hermann Osterley: Robert Roberthin . In: Old Prussian Monthly Bulletin 12 (1875), pp. 27–50, especially p. 30 ( Google Books ).
  43. ^ Son of the councilor Vincent V. Moller (1568–1625) and Elisabeth Beckmann (1586–1657), brother of Barthold Moller and Johann Moller .
  44. ↑ Hans Schröder, Carl Rudolf Wilhelm Klose (Ed.): Lexicon of Hamburg writers up to the present , Vol. V. Mauke, Hamburg 1870, N. 2654, p. 355f ( Google Books ).
  45. ↑ On March 9, 1630 matriculated in Leiden, 1637 assessor of the court court Dorpat, 1640–1643 professor of law and mathematics at the high school in Riga, ennobled by Queen Christina of Sweden as "of wings".
  46. ↑ On July 1, 1616, together with Amandus Nauwergius from Zörbig (as in a disputation in 1617) matriculated in Königsberg, on December 17, 1631 as "Fredericus Nauwerck Regiomontasus , (age) 20" in Leiden, son of the tri-city Königsberg lawyer David Nauwerck Zörbig (matriculated in Wittenberg in 1601) and Catharina Finck.
  47. ↑ On September 1, 1621, "Fridericus Gedkanth Ragnetensis Borussus " registered in Königsberg.
  48. ↑ Fridericus Getkant: Topographia Practica . Conscripta Et Recognita Per Fridericum Getkant Mechanicum, 1638; Reichsarchiv Stockholm (Kriegsarkivet, inventory 0414 Handritade Kartverk, volume 28).
  49. ↑ a b Aušra Žičkienė: Dar kartą apie Bridžiaus Gedkanto įrašą XVII a. atminimų albume: kontekstų studija. Once more about Friedrich Getkant's Entry in the 17th c. Friendship Album: Study of Contexts . In: Lietuvos muzikologija 19 (2018), pp. 161–174 ( PDF at www.academia.edu).
  50. ^ Gottlieb Siegfried Bayer: The life of Christian Otters of a Prussian Mathematici . In: Continued learned Prussia . Nicolai, Thorn 1,3 (1725), pp. 27-63, especially p. 33.
  51. ^ Georg Becker: The German students and professors at the Academy of Franeker . Milestone, Soest (Netherlands) 1942, p. 44 ( digitized version of the German National Library).
  52. ^ Arjen Folkert Benjamin Dijkstra: Between Academics and Idiots. A cultural history of mathematics in the Dutch province of Friesland (1600-1700) (diss. Phil). Twente 2012, pp. 159, 166f ( PDF ).
  53. ↑ father of Albrecht Konrad Finck von Finckenstein ; Peter Bahl: The court of the great elector. Studies on higher officials in Brandenburg-Prussia . Böhlau, Köln / Weimar 2001, p. 159 ( Google Books ; limited preview).
  54. ↑ 1632 in Strasbourg, on February 21, 1634 as "Fridericus ab Hutten Francus , (age) 22" matriculated in Leiden, son of Daniel von Hutten (* 1581; † around 1637) zum Stolzenberg, Royal Swedish Chancellor in Mainz, and the Katharina von Mörle called Böhm († 1617).
  55. ↑ Georg-Wilhelm Hanna: The knight nobles von Hutten, their social position in church and state until the end of the Old Kingdom . (diss. phil.) Bamberg 2006, pp. 162–164 ( PDF from the German National Library).
  56. ↑ Sons of Chamberlain David von Döring (1577–1638), ennobled in 1630; August Wilhelm Bernhard von Uechtritz: Those von Döring . In: ders. (Ed.): Diplomatic news from noble families . Intelligence Comtoir, Leipzig 4 (1792), pp. 17-45, especially pp. 17-23 and 33 ( Google Books ).
  57. ^ Gottlieb Siegfried Bayer: The life of Christian Otters of a Prussian Mathematici . In: Continuirtes Gelehrtes Preußen 1,3 (1725), pp. 27-63, esp. Pp. 34f.
  58. ^ A b Letter from Christian Otter to Constantijn Huygens of February 13, 1637 from Leiden.
  59. ↑ Collegium Fortificationis , Leiden 1637; Gottlieb Siegfried Bayer: The life of Christian Otters of a Prussian Mathematici . In: Continuirtes Gelehrtes Preußen 1,3 (1725), pp. 27-63, esp. P. 54.
  60. ↑ On February 18, 1637 registered as "Casparus a Waldo Nobilis Marchiacus " in Leiden; perhaps son of Kaspar the Elder J. von Waldow († 1628).
  61. ↑ On 1637 registered as “Bato Christianus Trodt Nobilis Badingensis ” in Leiden.
  62. ↑ On June 8, 1637 as "Christianus Vitzthumb ab Eckstedt Nobilis Lusatus (= Lausitz) " matriculated in Leiden.
  63. ↑ On June 8, 1637, registered as "Henricus ab Haghen Thuringus " in Leiden.
  64. ↑ On June 8, 1637, registered as "Christophorus Vitzthumb ab Eckstedt Nobilis Lusatus " in Leiden.
  65. ↑ On July 13, 1637 registered as "Rainoldus Lieve Nobilis Livonus " in Leiden.
  66. ↑ 1636 attended the high school Reval, on July 13, 1637 as "Conradus Uxkul Nobilis Livonus " matriculated in Leiden, 1648 with the surname Gyllenband in the Swedish baron class, died in the battle of Warsaw .
  67. ^ Gottlieb Siegfried Bayer: The life of Christian Otters of a Prussian Mathematici . In: Continuirtes Gelehrtes Preußen 1,3 (1725), pp. 27-63, especially pp. 33f.
  68. ↑ On April 16, 1637 matriculated in Leiden as “Bernardus Brouch Sare-Pontanus ”, later castellan of Kerpen Castle in Illingen .
  69. ↑ August Robert Seraphim, Paul Rhode (edit.): Manuscript catalog of the city library Königsberg i. Pr. Fr. Beyer, Königsberg i. Pr. 1909, p. 13, p. 21.
  70. ^ Gottlieb Siegfried Bayer: The life of Christian Otters of a Prussian Mathematici . In: Continuirtes Gelehrtes Preußen 1,3 (1725), pp. 27-63, esp. P. 34.
  71. ^ Heinrich Döring : Einsiedel . In: Johann Samuelersch, Johann Gottfried Gruber (Hrsg.): Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste , Vol. XXXII. Brockhaus, Leipzig 1839, 351–359, esp.p. 354.
  72. ↑ On June 14, 1632 registered as "Joannes Masius Holsatus " in Leiden.
  73. ↑ a b August Robert Seraphim, Paul Rhode (edit.): Manuscript catalog of the City Library Königsberg i. Pr. Fr. Beyer, Königsberg i. Pr. 1909, p. 12, p. 20.
  74. ↑ On June 24, 1634 registered as "Johannes Henricus Lavaterus Helvetius Tigurinus " in Leiden;
  75. ↑ On July 18, 1634, registered as "Jacobus Lebelius Borussus " together with Christian Otter and Johann Jakob Lock in Leiden.
  76. ^ Gottlieb Siegfried Bayer: The life of Christian Otters of a Prussian Mathematici . In: Continuirtes Gelehrtes Preußen 1,3 (1725), pp. 27-63, esp. P. 34.
  77. ^ On August 31, 1637 as "Joannes Magirus Francofurto-Marchicus . 23, Mat. “Matriculated in Leiden.
  78. ^ Sabine Schlegelmilch: Medical practice and social space in the 17th century. Johannes Magirus (1615-1697) . Böhlau, Cologne 2018, pp. 54, 270 and 297 ( Google Books ; limited preview).
  79. ^ From Rostock, matriculated in Rostock in December 1621, later provost of the Old Country ; Johann Rist: Poetic setting . Heinrich Werner, Hamburg 1646, unpaginated ( Google Books ) and pp. 49–52.
  80. ↑ Johann Rist: Poetischer Schauplatz . Heinrich Werner, Hamburg 1646, pp. 182-188.
  81. ↑ Johann Rist: Poetischer Schauplatz . Heinrich Werner, Hamburg 1646, pp. 164–168.
  82. ↑ Mention of Otters in the correspondence from Joachim Jungius , Johann Adolf Tassius and John Pell , Hamburg, Amsterdam, 1645–1647; State and University Library Hamburg (Joachim Jungius estate; call number NJJ: Pe. 65).
  83. ^ Gottlieb Siegfried Bayer: The life of Christian Otters of a Prussian Mathematici . In: Continued learned Prussia . Nicolai, Thorn 1,3 (1725), pp. 27-63, especially pp. 37f.
  84. ↑ Bernd Autenrieth: Samuel Gerlach. Field preacher, court preacher, prelate (1609–1683) . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2000.
  85. ↑ Entry from August 5, 1641, Eutin; University Library Tübingen (UAT S 127/120, Bl. 142).
  86. ↑ Friedrich Johann Buck: Life descriptions of the deceased Prussian mathematicians in general and of the ... mathematician P. Christian Otter in particular . Hartung / Zeise, Königsberg and Leipzig 1764, pp. 253 and 270 note st).
  87. ↑ Drawing in a letter to Johannes Hevelius in Danzig on September 10, 1656 from Königsberg; Bibliothèque de l'Observatoire de Paris (C1 / 4, Bl. 18) ( digitized version of the Observatoire de Paris).
  88. ^ Frans van Schooten: De Organica Conicarum Sectionum in Plano Descriptione, Tractatus . Johannes Elsevir, Leiden 1646, Praefatio ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library in Munich) = Exercitationes mathematicae . Johannes Elsevir, Leiden 1647, Praefatio ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library in Munich) = (Dutch) Frans van Schooten, Christiaan Huygens : Mathematische Oeffeningen , Vol. I. Gerrit van Goedesbergh, Amsterdam 1659, p. 280f ( digitized version from the ETH Library Basel) .
  89. ↑ Christian Otter: Mechanismen , ed. by Kurt Reidemeister and Theodor Peters. (Writings of the Königsberg learned society. Natural science class Jg. 10, booklet 5). Max Niemeyer, Halle (Saale) 1933, pp. 153-182; Kurt Reidemeister: Space and Number . Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg 1957, p. 22f.
  90. ^ Karl Dissel: Philipp von Zesen and the German-minded cooperative . (Scientific supplement to the Easter program of the Wilhelm-Gymnasium 1889/90). Lütcke & Wulff, Hamburg 1889, p. 59 ( digitized version of the University and State Library Düsseldorf).
  91. ^ A b Christian Krollmann: Otter, Christian . In: Altpreussische Biographie , Vol. II. Gräfe and Unzer, Königsberg 1941 (reprint: Elwert, Marburg 1967), p. 486.
  92. ↑ Johann Peisker : The highly prized German-minded cooperative guild, baptism and gender names . 2nd edition Christian Schrödter, Wittenberg 1705, p. 16 ( digitized version of the University and State Library of Saxony-Anhalt Halle).
  93. ↑ Johannes von Leuneschlos “e Montium Solinga ”: Thesaurus mathematum reseratus per algebram novam . Cribellianus, Padua 1646, unpaginated ( Google Books ).
  94. ^ Letters from Johannes Smetius to Constantijn Huygens from January 4, 1647 from Nijmegen.
  95. ^ Letter from Christian Otter to Constantijn Huygens from February 13, 1647 from Amsterdam.
  96. ^ Letter from Christian Otter to Constantijn Huygens from May 1647.
  97. ^ Ernst Opgenoorth : Friedrich Wilhelm. The Great Elector of Brandenburg , Vol. I 1620–1660 . Musterschmidt, Göttingen 1971, p. 171, Inge Keil: Augustanus Opticus: Johann Wiesel (1583–1662) and 200 years of optical optical craft in Augsburg ; Berlin, 2000, p. 142. ( limited preview on Google Book Search ).
  98. ^ Gottlieb Siegfried Bayer: The life of Christian Otters of a Prussian Mathematici . In: Continuirtes Gelehrtes Preußen 1,3 (1725), pp. 27–63, esp. Pp. 60–63 ( digitized version of the Saxon State Library - Dresden State and University Library).
  99. ↑ a b Friedrich Johann Buck: Life descriptions of the deceased Prussian mathematicians in general and of ... mathematician P. Christian Otter in particular . Hartung / Zeise, Königsberg and Leipzig 1764, pp. 284–288 ( Google Books ); Simon Dach: Poems , Vol. IV, ed. by Walther Ziesemer. (Writings of the Königsberg learned society. Special series 7). M. Niemeyer, Halle (Saale) 1938, pp. 41f and 536.
  100. ↑ 1644 Head of the Church and builder of the Neurossgärter Church.
  101. ^ Richard Schück: Brandenburg-Prussia Colonial Policy under the Great Elector and His Successors (1647-1721) , Vol. I. Friedrich Wilhelm Grunow, Leipzig 1889, p. 320 ( digitized in the Internet Archive).
  102. ↑ Adam Friday: Architectura militaris nova et aucta, or Newe increased fortification . Elzevier, Leyden 1631
  103. ^ Gottlieb Siegfried Bayer: The life of Christian Otters of a Prussian Mathematici . In: Continued learned Prussia . Nicolai, Thorn 1,3 (1725), pp. 27-63, especially p. 43, u. a.
  104. ^ Also Abraham von Humbert : L'Art Du Genie Pour L'Instruction Des Gens De Guerre . Haude & Spener, Berlin 1755, p. 288 ( Google Books ).
  105. ^ Gottlieb Siegfried Bayer: The life of Christian Otters of a Prussian Mathematici . In: Continuirtes Gelehrtes Preußen 1,3 (1725), pp. 27-63, esp. P. 44.
  106. ↑ Ludwig von Baczko : An attempt at a history and description of Königsberg . 2nd edition. Goebbels and Unzer, Königsberg 1804, p. 161 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library in Munich).
  107. ↑ Died unmarried in Paris, brother of Christoph von Manteuffel , son of Hennig Manteuffel (1595–1641) on Kruckenbeck ( Krukowo ).
  108. ↑ Friedrich Johann Buck: Life descriptions of the deceased Prussian mathematicians in general and of the ... mathematician P. Christian Otter in particular . Hartung / Zeise, Königsberg and Leipzig 1764, pp. 280 and 288 note lm).
  109. ↑ a b IJ. H. Rogge: De Academie te Nijmegen . In: Oud-Holland 18 (1900), pp. 153-180, especially pp. 171f ( digitized in the Internet Archive).
  110. ^ Leopold Freiherr von Zedlitz-Neukirch : The Prussian State in All Its Relationships , Volume 2, August Hirschwald, Berlin 1835, p. 533. ( limited preview on Google Book Search ).
  111. ↑ Theodor Leonard Roukens: Oratio de Academia Noviomagensi . Hajo Spandaw, Groningen 1769, p. 16 ( Google Books ).
  112. ^ Gottlieb Siegfried Bayer: The life of Christian Otters of a Prussian Mathematici . In: Continued learned Prussia . Nicolai, Thorn 1,3 (1725), pp. 27-63, especially pp. 41-43.
  113. ↑ 1694–1700 and 1702–1705 Old Town Judge.
  114. ↑ Friedrich Johann Buck: Life descriptions of the deceased Prussian mathematicians in general and of the ... mathematician P. Christian Otter in particular . Hartung / Zeise, Königsberg and Leipzig 1764, pp. 203f, 281f and 289–292.
  115. ↑ Michael Lilienthal : News from the new establishment of the Königsberg city library . In: Prussian Merckworthiness 5 (1741), pp. 615–627, especially p. 619 ( Google Books ).
  116. ↑ Formerly Königsberg City Library (S 91/12 °).
  117. ^ A b Letters from Christian Otter to M. [Constantin Huygens] de Zuilichem from February 1637 and February 1647; Samuel Sotheby : A Catalog of an Invaluable and Highly Interesting Collection of Unpublished Manuscript Historial Documents . Auction on May 30, 1825. London 1825, No. 180, p. 43 ( Google Books ).
  118. ^ Lodovic Lalanne, Henri Léonard Bordier ( arrangement ): Dictionnaire de pièces autographes volées aux bibliothèques publiques de la France . Panckoucke, Paris 1851, p. 163 and 213.
  119. ↑ Chantal Grell (Ed.): Correspondance de Johannes Hevelius , Vol. I and II. Brepols, Turnhout 2014/17.
  120. ↑ Leiden University Library (Sig. 2314 C 1); Bodleian Library Oxford (Vet. M3 e.8 (1)).
  121. ↑ = Manuscripto .
  122. ^ Georg Peter Schultz (1680–1748) from Frankfurt an der Oder, lawyer and physician, representative of the early Enlightenment, Vice Rector of the Thorn High School.
  123. ↑ Stud. Phil. in Königsberg (* 1909); Theodor Peters: Jo. Kepleri Harmonices mundi liber I. A contribution to the history of mathematics . diss. phil. Koenigsberg 1939.
personal data
SURNAME Otter, Christian
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Otterus, Christianus (Latin)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Prussian mathematician, traveler and fortress builder
DATE OF BIRTH 1598
PLACE OF BIRTH Ragnit , Duchy of Prussia
DATE OF DEATH August 9, 1660
Place of death Nijmegen