Fürstenberg / Havel
| coat of arms | Germany map | |
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Coordinates: 53 ° 11 ' N , 13 ° 9' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Brandenburg | |
| County : | Oberhavel | |
| Height : | 55 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 213.86 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 5827 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 27 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 16798 | |
| Primaries : | 033093 (districts different) | |
| License plate : | OHV | |
| Community key : | 12 0 65 084 | |
| LOCODE : | DE FUB | |
| City structure: | Core area (no districts), 8 districts | |
City administration address : |
Market 1 16798 Fürstenberg / Havel |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Robert Philipp | |
| Location of the city of Fürstenberg / Havel in the Oberhavel district | ||
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Fürstenberg / Havel is a city on the Upper Havel and is located in the north of Brandenburg . Because of the large number of lakes, rivers and streams that characterize the city, Fürstenberg also has the additional designation Wasserstadt .
The ducal castle by architect Julius Löwe , the city church by Friedrich Wilhelm Buttel and other architectural monuments are distinctive landmarks of the Mecklenburg-Strelitz heritage. The memorial Ravensbrück commemorates the victims of the Ravensbrück concentration camp in the Nazi era . The tourism thanks to the location in neustrelitz little lakes region since the opening of the Berlin Northern Railway in 1878 a major industry of the city. The busy federal highway 96 on the tangent Berlin - Mecklenburg Lake District - Baltic Sea coast runs through the town center .
geography
Fürstenberg mainly belongs to the natural area of the Neustrelitz Kleinseenland . In the southeast, the city has a share in the natural area of the Granseer Platte . The Fürstenberg area is crossed by the Havel from west to south-east . The largest lakes are the Stolpsee (3.7 km²) on the edge of the Himmelpforter Heide and the Thymensee (1.1 km²). The Great Wentowsee (2.8 km²) is partly part of the urban area. The city center is surrounded by Baalensee , Röblinsee and Schwedtsee and the Havel flows through it in four courses. The southern shipping canal and the northern Havellauf called Iserdiek border the Großer Werder, the island on which the original urban settlement was built.
Fürstenberg borders in the north on the communities Godendorf and Wokuhl-Dabelow in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , in the east on the cities Lychen and Templin in the district of Uckermark , in the south on the cities Zehdenick and Gransee and on the communities Großwoltersdorf and Stechlin and in the west on the city Wesenberg and the municipality of Priepert in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.
City structure
Fürstenberg is divided into a district-free core area and eight districts that were formed from the municipalities incorporated in 2003. Nine inhabited parts of the municipality and 16 residential places are designated within the core area and districts . The core area consists in its northern part of the area of the Brandenburg municipality of Ravensbrück, which was incorporated in 1950, and in its southern part of the original Mecklenburg urban area of Fürstenberg until 1950. The former border between Ravensbrück and the original Fürstenberg runs from Röblinsee along the forest road to Schwedtsee.
| Area / district | Population (2019) |
Area in km² (2019) |
Inhabited parts of the community |
Living spaces |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Core area (no district) |
3957 | 61.63 | - |
Drögen Forsthaus Altthymen Neuthymen Ravensbrück Röblinsee-Siedlung Tiefenbrunn |
| Old thyme | 112 | 9.01 | - |
Bartelshof Dahmshöhe |
| Barsdorf | 108 | 19.50 | Qualzow | - |
| Blumenow | 181 | 13.50 | Boltenhof | - |
| Bred area | 595 | 22.67 | - |
Five-rod border lock Morgenland |
| Himmelpfort | 448 | 29.66 | - |
Kastaven Pian Woblitz |
| Steinförde | 128 | 22.68 |
Großmenow Kleinmenow Schönhorn Steinhavelmühle |
- |
| Tornow | 181 | 27.16 |
New building in Neutornow Ringsleben |
- |
| Zootzen | 195 | 6.74 | - |
Book Garden rule village |
history
Prehistory and early history
The center of today's city of Fürstenberg was settled around 3000 years ago; this is shown by ceramic shards that were found in 2008 during archaeological excavations in the area of the castle. Slavic finds in the urban area and south-east of the city on the Siggelkamp point to a pre-German Slavic settlement of this area, which is favorable in terms of settlement topography .
middle Ages
Fürstenberg itself was first mentioned in 1287 in connection with a foundation for the church and in 1318 as a town. The Ascanian margraves of Brandenburg took possession of the Fürstenberg area in the first half of the 13th century. They had a castle, first mentioned in 1333, built as an advanced base. A German settlement was established under their protection, mentioned in 1305 as "Vorstenberge" and in 1318 as "Vorstenberch". The Middle Low German form “vörste” / “vürste” not only means “prince” in today's sense, but also generally “ruler”, but also “foremost”. In this respect, the forward base is the “foremost castle”.
With this settlement conveniently located on the navigable upper reaches of the Havel, the margraves closed the geographical gap between their Stargard rule , which they acquired at the beginning of the 13th century, and lands on the Barnim , which they also connected with a north-south road; on the other hand, they gained a foothold in the originally Slavic Fürstenberg. The time when the castle with border protection function was built is just as unclear as the time when the city was built or the city fortifications. The city fortifications surround the settlement at the foot of the castle at the north exit of the city and, with a circular floor plan of around 400 meters in diameter, runs along a north-south main road; the usual grid scheme of the colonization cities is not strictly adhered to. The location of the city wall, which was cleared in the 19th century, is evidenced by the field names “In den Wällen”, “Wallstraße” and “Wallgasse”.
The original two city entrances, the “Strelitzer Tor” in the north in the direction of Strelitz and the “Zehdenicker Tor” (or “Berliner Tor”) in the south in the direction of Zehdenick (or Berlin ) are no longer preserved. The city's favorable military topography - surrounded on three sides by lakes and the Havel - only allowed protection in the west by means of a picket fence , which was provided with a turnpike - the “mill gate” - at the level of Bahnhofstrasse. Secure archaeological findings on the city fortifications and their built-up surroundings are not yet available. Both gates - the "Strelitzer Tor" and the "Zehdenicker Tor" - were gates made in half-timbered construction with a superstructure. a. served as a customs post.
Fürstenberg came into the hands of the lords of Mecklenburg with the Fürstenberger Werder in 1348 and became their capital. Otto and Ulrich von Dewitz enfeoffed them with the offices of Fürstenberg / Havel and Strelitz. When Emperor Charles IV raised the rule of Mecklenburg to an imperial fiefdom in the same year, Otto and Ulrich were raised to the rank of count by the emperor with the title Count von Fürstenberg ("greve tho Vorstenberghe"). Since the Lords of Dewitz supported the dukes of Pomerania in the wars of succession in the Rügische Succession in the fight against Mecklenburg, their Mecklenburg fiefdoms were withdrawn. The dignity of the count was only given up in 1363 after the settlement in Pomerania. Fürstenberg became a country town in Mecklenburg and, as such, part of the towns in the Stargard district , which were represented in the Mecklenburg state parliaments of the estates united in 1523 until 1918 .
Modern times
During the Thirty Years' War there was fighting for Fürstenberg with the participation of Swedish troops. During archaeological excavations in the vicinity of Fürstenberg Castle in 2008, a gold treasure consisting of coins and jewelry was found dated 1638 . The coins, the most recent of which was minted in 1633, come from Pomerania , Holland , England , Spain , Venice and the Arab world . In 1638 this gold treasure represented the equivalent of a knight's estate ; converted to today's time, its value would be around € 600,000.
The Hamburg settlement of 1701 made Fürstenberg part of Mecklenburg-Strelitz .
Industrialization and modernity
In 1845, the Fürstenberg town church, which has dominated the townscape since then, was built under the supervision of the Mecklenburg-Strelitz court architect Friedrich Wilhelm Buttel .
Fürstenberg experienced an industrial boom in the 20th century. Due to the scenic location and in connection with the increasing tourism, the city developed into a climatic health resort .
During the National Socialist era, the Drögen Security Police School had been located in Fürstenberg since 1941/42 , where members of the Secret State Police (Gestapo) and the criminal police were trained. It was also used to interrogate suspects in connection with the July 20, 1944 assassination attempt . The security police school also formed a satellite camp of the Ravensbrück concentration camp , which was set up in 1938/39 in the immediately north adjacent municipality of Ravensbrück .
In 1945 Fürstenberg was captured by the Red Army . On July 1, 1950, the city was reclassified together with the other communities of the Fürstenberger Werder from the state of Mecklenburg to the state of Brandenburg and assigned to the district of Templin . On October 15, 1950, the community of Ravensbrück with 1078 inhabitants was incorporated into Fürstenberg. The city was then to be renamed Fürstenberg-Ravensbrück or Ravensbrück in memory of the former women's concentration camp . After protests in the city, the name was finally renamed in 1951. Since the administrative reform of 1952 , Fürstenberg has belonged to the Gransee district in the Potsdam district . In 1959, the Ravensbrück National Memorial and Memorial was opened in a section of the former concentration camp .
During the Cold War , Fürstenberg was the location of various units of the group of Soviet armed forces in Germany . 1958/59 were in town with nuclear -tipped medium range missiles of the type R-5M stationed with a range of 1,200 kilometers. Around 1989/90, Fürstenberg was the location of the 2nd Guard Panzer Army , the 3rd Guard Special Reconnaissance Brigade, the 118th Brigade Material Seizure, the 5th Intelligence Regiment, the 60th Motorized Rifle Regiment and the 52nd Radio Technology Battalion.
Since 1990
With German reunification on October 3, 1990, Fürstenberg became part of the newly formed state of Brandenburg . The city has been administered by the Fürstenberg office since July 21, 1992 and has belonged to the Oberhavel district since 1993 . The units of the former Soviet , now Russian armed forces were withdrawn in 1993/94.
On October 26, 2003 the office of Fürstenberg was dissolved and the communities Altthymen , Barsdorf , Blumenow , Bredereiche , Himmelpfort , Steinförde , Tornow and Zootzen were incorporated into Fürstenberg.
Population development
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Territory of the respective year, number of inhabitants: as of December 31 (from 1991), from 2011 based on the 2011 census
politics
City Council
The Fürstenberg city council consists of 18 city councilors and the full-time mayor. The local election on May 26, 2019 resulted in the following distribution of seats:
| Party / list | Share of votes | Seats | +/- |
|---|---|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU) | 23.1% | 4th | - 1 |
| The left | 9.7% | 2 | ± 0 |
| Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) | 9.0% | 1 | - 1 |
| Alliance 90 / The Greens | 5.7% | 1 | ± 0 |
| Alternative for Germany (AfD) | 16.0% | 3 | + 3 |
| Animal welfare party | 5.0% | 1 | + 1 |
| Alliance for Fürstenberg and districts (AFO) | 17.9% | 3 | ± 0 |
| PRO Fürstenberg | 9.8% | 2 | ± 0 |
| Individual applicants | 3.8% | 1 | + 1 |
| Regional Citizens' Alliance (RB) | 0 | - 2nd | |
| National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD) | 0 | - 1 |
mayor
- 1998–2003: Gudrun Appel
- since 2003: Robert Philipp
Philipp was elected on September 1, 2019 with 55.9% of the valid votes for a further term of eight years.
Town twinning
Fürstenberg's twin town is Geldern in North Rhine-Westphalia .
Sights and culture
Ravensbrück Memorial and Memorial
On the edge of the site of the former Ravensbrück concentration camp, the Ravensbrück memorial was inaugurated in 1959 and later expanded several times. It has been supported by the Brandenburg Memorials Foundation since 1993 . It is one of the memorials of national and international importance in Germany .
Buildings
On an island north of the old town is the baroque Fürstenberg Castle , which was built between 1741 and 1752 according to plans by the master builder Christoph Julius Löwe as a widow's residence for a Mecklenburg duchess. It later served as a sanatorium, hospital and nursing home, among other things. After it had been vacant since 2004, the city of Fürstenberg sold the castle in 2006 and a wellness hotel is to be built there. Several partial renovations have taken place since then.
Other attractions are:
- The ruins of the Himmelpfort monastery with the village church and the ruins of the brewery
- Christmas post office in the guest house in Himmelpfort
- Evangelical town church on the market square, built in 1845 by the Mecklenburg-Strelitz court architect Friedrich Wilhelm Buttel in neo-Gothic style
- Fürstenberg moated castle , the city's oldest building. Of the old buildings of the castle, only the east, south and partially west wings are preserved. The building, which is currently vacant, is structurally in poor condition and cannot be viewed.
- Fürstenberg railway ferry , Zehdenicker Straße, technical monument , the only self-propelled railway river ferry in Germany and Europe in the south ferry basin with track system, locomotive shed and ferry diesel locomotive as well as the north ferry basin opposite. The ferry is not in operation. Visiting and entering the ferry area is possible at any time.
- War memorial for the fallen soldiers of the First World War with a figure by the sculptor Hans Dammann
- Soviet memorial in the park at the train station
- Water sculpture freezing - sliding - thawing - flowing - seeping away , memorial for the power of the Ice Age that shaped the landscape , created by Hans-Oiseau Kalkmann and Jens Kalkmann as part of the 41st contact art campaign in 2000 in front of the town hall with the participation of the population
In the list of architectural monuments in Fürstenberg / Havel and in the list of ground monuments in Fürstenberg / Havel are the architectural and ground monuments registered in the list of monuments of the State of Brandenburg.
Economy and Infrastructure
traffic
The federal highway 96 between Neustrelitz and Gransee runs through Fürstenberg from north to south . The construction of a bypass was classified as an urgent need in the Federal Transport Infrastructure Plan 2030 . The state road L 15 between Rheinsberg and Lychen also runs through the city.
The station Fürstenberg (Havel) is located at the Berliner Nordbahn , by the regional express -line RE 5 Rostock / Stralsund -Berlin- Elsterwerda / Wünsdorf is operated -Waldstadt. The reception building is privately owned. The station ensemble has been a listed building since spring 2017, including the existing central platform . The Britz – Fürstenberg railway line, which was closed in 1996, is partially used as a bicycle trolley line. At that time it was the first of its kind in Germany.
The long-distance cycle route Berlin – Copenhagen crosses the city on the route Bredereiche – Himmelpfort – Ravensbrück – Fürstenberg – Steinförde.
The city is located on the Upper Havel waterway . The secondary stretch of the Lychener waters branches off at Himmelpfort . The connection to the main stretch of the Upper Havel waterway is kept navigable by the Himmelpfort lock .
education
The city of Fürstenberg / Havel is responsible for the "Drei-Seen-Grundschule" in the city area and the small elementary school "An der Mühle" in the Bredereiche district. The closest grammar school, where the Abitur in the 13th grade can be taken, is the "Strittmatter grammar school" in Gransee.
The Siberian Cultural Foundation is an internationally active ethnological research institute and a publishing house whose work also relates to the city of Fürstenberg, e.g. B. the research with contemporary witnesses of the Ravensbrück concentration camp .
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Martin Blumner (1827–1901), composer, conductor and music theorist
- Louise Pagenkopf (1856–1922), landscape and flower painter
- Walter Bartel (1904–1992), resistance fighter and historian
- Margarete Mewes (1914–1998), guard in the concentration camp
- Thomas Fahner (* 1966), decathlete
Personalities associated with Fürstenberg
- Friedrich Carl Ludwig von Kardorff (1812–1870), lawyer and politician, judge in Fürstenberg
- Anton Probsthan (1792–1882), Lützower Jäger and Rector of the Fürstenberg City School
- Heinrich Schliemann (1822–1890), archaeologist, 1836–1841 apprentice in Fürstenberg
- Otto Hammann (1852–1928), lawyer and press officer, died in Fürstenberg
- Oskar Minkowski (1858–1931), doctor, died in Fürstenberg
- Hans Joachim von Reitzenstein (1881–1935), writer, died in Fürstenberg
- Carl Ernst Hinkefuß (1881–1970), advertising artist, graphic artist and publisher, died in Fürstenberg
- Hans Runge (1892–1964), gynecologist and obstetrician, spent childhood and youth in Fürstenberg
- Willi Schultz (1896–1961), politician ( KPD / SED ), died in Fürstenberg
- Claus Mansfeld (1902–1973), police officer, co-founder of the KPD in Fürstenberg
- Egon Wagenknecht (1908–2005), forest and hunting scientist, lived at times in the Altthymen forester's house, a student in Fürstenberg
- Semjon Kurkotkin (1917–1990), Marshal of the Soviet Union , commander of the 2nd Guards Panzer Army in Fürstenberg
- Lori Ludwig (1924–1986), writer, died in Fürstenberg
- Lothar Kolditz (* 1929), chemist, 1981–1990 President of the National Council of the National Front of the GDR , lives in Fürstenberg, Steinförde district
- Erich Kasten (* 1949), ethnologist, lives in Fürstenberg
- Anke Domscheit-Berg (* 1968), politician, lives in Fürstenberg
- Daniel Domscheit-Berg (* 1978), computer scientist, lives in Fürstenberg
Trivia
In 1862 a 10.5 kilogram heavy meteorite of the type H4 chondrite fell near Fürstenberg . According to the place where it was found, Gut Menow, it was registered under the name "Menow". Remains of the Menow meteorites are in several museums around the world, for example in Calcutta and London.
literature
- Florian von Buttlar; Stefanie Finally; Annette Leo: Fürstenberg-Drögen - layers of a deserted place. (= German Past series; Volume 106). Edition Hentrich, 1994. ISBN 3-89468-116-0 .
- Birgit Haupt; Hanne Walter; Waltraut Meinow [Hrsg.]: Fürstenberg an der Havel - water town with history (s). From the occupied garrison town to the tourist idyll. Regia, Cottbus 2005. ISBN 3-937899-51-0 .
- Kurt Neis: Fürstenberg / Havel. A pearl without shine? - Memories and reflections from the period from 1946 to the present 2012. Text and photo book, self-published, Strausberg 2012.
- Wolfgang Jacobeit ; Wolfgang Stegemann [Ed.]: Fürstenberg / Havel - Ravensbrück .
- Volume 1: From the beginning to the beginning of the 20th century. Hentrich & Hentrich Verlag, Berlin 1998. ISBN 978-3-933471-13-0 .
- Volume 2: Changing Power Relations in the 20th Century. Hentrich & Hentrich Verlag, Berlin 2004. ISBN 978-3-933471-42-0 .
- Volume 3: On the way to the 21st century. Hentrich & Hentrich Verlag, Berlin 2011. ISBN 978-3-941450-26-4 .
- The Rheinsberg-Fürstenberg lake area (= values from our homeland . Volume 25). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1974.
Web links
- Literature by and about Fürstenberg / Havel in the catalog of the German National Library
- Literature about Fürstenberg / Havel in the state bibliography MV
- Website of the city of Fürstenberg
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population in the State of Brandenburg according to municipalities, offices and municipalities not subject to official registration on December 31, 2019 (XLSX file; 223 KB) (updated official population figures) ( help on this ).
- ↑ Message from the Brandenburg Ministry of the Interior (PDF)
- ↑ Geospatial data. Limits. Administrative boundaries. In: brandenburg-viewer. Land surveying and geographic base information Brandenburg, accessed on September 4, 2014 .
- ↑ Geospatial data. Historical data. German Empire (1902–48). In: brandenburg-viewer. Land surveying and geographic base information Brandenburg , accessed on September 4, 2014 .
- ↑ Main statute of the city of Fürstenberg / Havel from December 19, 2008 published in the official gazette for the city of Fürstenberg / Havel No. 1 / week 4 January 22, 2009 (PDF; 80 kB)
- ↑ a b Facts and figures on Fürstenberg / Havel. City of Fürstenberg / Havel, accessed on August 17, 2020 .
- ↑ a b City of Fürstenberg / Havel. Service portal of the state administration Brandenburg
- ↑ J. Siebmacher's large and general book of arms, VI. Volume, 10th Division; Extinct Mecklenburg nobility; Author: GA von Mülverstedt; Publication: Nuremberg: Bauer & Raspe, 1902, p. 35, plate 19
- ^ Ernst Heinrich Kneschke (ed.): New general German nobility lexicon . Volume 2, page 469.
- ↑ II lit. b No. 1 Ordinance for the implementation of the law of June 28, 1950 on changing the borders of the states. From July 13, 1950. Provisional government of the German Democratic Republic.
- ↑ Wolfgang Blöß: upheaval and names. Place name policy in Brandenburg 1945–1952 . In: Yearbook for the history of Central and Eastern Germany . tape 55 , 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23204-6 , pp. 166–230, here: 218 f . ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ^ Secret operation Fürstenberg . In: Der Spiegel . No. 3 , 2000 ( online ).
- ↑ Location database of the National People's Army, the border troops of the GDR and the Soviet (Russian) armed forces in the GDR. Military History Research Office , accessed on September 6, 2014 .
- ↑ State Office for Data Processing and Statistics Land Brandenburg (Ed.): Historical municipality directory of the State of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005. Landkreis Oberhavel (= contribution to statistics . Volume 19.7 ). Potsdam 2006, p. 26 ( statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de [PDF; 300 kB ]).
- ^ Historical municipality register of the state of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005. Oberhavel district . Pp. 14-17
- ↑ Population in the state of Brandenburg from 1991 to 2015 according to independent cities, districts and municipalities , Table 7
- ^ Office for Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg (Ed.): Statistical report AI 7, A II 3, A III 3. Population development and population status in the state of Brandenburg (respective editions of the month of December)
- ^ Result of the local election on May 26, 2019
- ↑ Results of the local elections in 1998 (mayoral elections) for the Oberhavel district ( Memento of the original from April 4, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Local elections October 26, 2003. Mayoral elections (PDF) p. 27
- ↑ Brandenburg Local Election Act, Section 74
- ^ Result of the mayoral election on September 1, 2019
- ↑ Federal Transport Infrastructure Plan 2030 ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF) p. 99
- ^ Fürstenberg: How a Berliner fulfilled his dream of having his own train station . In: Berliner Zeitung , July 13, 2016
- ↑ Matthias Henke: Re-planning of the tracks by spring 2018 . In: MOZ . September 30, 2017 ( moz.de [accessed March 3, 2018]).
- ↑ Zehdenick – Fürstenberg | Berlin – Copenhagen. Retrieved May 14, 2017 .
- ^ City of Fürstenberg / Havel , accessed on February 16, 2020
- ^ "Other work areas" , accessed on February 14, 2020
- ↑ "The Ravensbrück men's camp and the story of the Polish prisoner Jan Błaszczyk, lecture and discussion in German and Polish (...) Organizer: Siberia Cultural Foundation, Fürstenberg" , accessed on February 14, 2020
- ↑ Menow. Meteoritical Bulletin, accessed June 7, 2020 .
- ↑ Thomas Witzke: Meteorite from Germany. strahlen.org, accessed June 7, 2020 .
