List of courts in the Grand Duchy of Hesse
This list names the courts in the Grand Duchy of Hesse .
Courts from 1806
When it was founded in 1806, the Grand Duchy of Hesse took over the judicial organization of the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt . The offices were the courts of first instance. See the list of offices in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . There were also patrimonial courts .
In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt, the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The Darmstadt Court of Justice was set up as a court of second instance for the province of Starkenburg and the Darmstadt Court of Justice for the province of Upper Hesse.
On May 11, 1747, Emperor Franz I awarded the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt the “privilegium de non appellando illimitatum” . This meant that subjects could no longer turn to the emperor in legal matters. The condition for this was that the landgrave set up his own supreme judicial authority. To this end, he founded the Darmstadt Higher Appeal Court in 1747 .
Duchy of Westphalia (1802-1816)
In 1802 Hessian troops occupied the Duchy of Westphalia , with the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss 1803 it was formally part of the Landgraviate of Hesse. The previous offices, cities, etc. served as courts of first instance. On September 22nd, 1807, a law came into force to redistribute the duchy into 18 offices. These were now uniform courts of first instance and also responsible for the assigned cities. For the list of offices see administrative units in the Duchy of Westphalia # transition period . The Arnsberg Court Court was set up as a second instance . In 1816 the province of Westphalia passed to Prussia .
Courts from 1821
Upper courts
The higher courts remained unchanged. At the top was the Darmstadt Higher Appeal Court, including
- Darmstadt Court Court (Starkenburg Province)
- Court Court Gießen (Province of Upper Hesse)
- Mainz Higher Court (Rheinhessen Province)
On the right bank of the Rhine, the District Criminal Court Darmstadt , District Criminal Court Michelstadt , District Criminal Court Gießen and District Criminal Court Alsfeld served as criminal courts . On the left bank of the Rhine, the Breeding Police Court ruled in the courts of justice for sentences of up to 5 days in prison or 15 francs fine and the Assize Court in the district courts on more serious offenses.
City and regional courts
From 1821 city and regional courts in the areas on the right bank of the Rhine were the courts of first instance in most cases.
| dish | Court court | Seat | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Freienstein Regional Court | Darmstadt | Beerfelden | Formed as the District Court of Beerfelden on May 21, 1822, renamed the District Court of Freienstein in Beerfelden on September 16, 1822, and renamed the District Court of Beerfelden in 1853 or earlier |
| Darmstadt City Court | Darmstadt | Darmstadt | |
| Darmstadt Regional Court | Darmstadt | Darmstadt | Re-formed on June 1, 1853. |
| Fürth district court | Darmstadt | Fuerth | On August 1, the district of the abolished Schönberg Regional Court became the Fürth Regional Court. On September 16, 1839, 11 parishes of the former Schönberg Regional Court were transferred to the Zwingenberg Regional Court. On June 1, 1853, 25 communities were transferred to the new district court of Wald-Michelbach. |
| Gernsheim district court | Darmstadt | Gernsheim | Re-formed on December 16, 1839. |
| Groß-Gerau district court | Darmstadt | Gross-Gerau | On December 16, 1839, 3 communities were transferred to the new district court of Gernsheim. On June 1, 1853, a community was transferred to the new Darmstadt district court. |
| Hirschhorn district court | Darmstadt | Staghorn | On June 1, 1853, 4 communities were transferred to the new Wald-Michelbach district court. |
| District Court Höchst | Darmstadt | Highest in the Odenwald | Was established on May 8, 1822, initially as the Breuberg-Höchst district court. |
| District Court Langen | Darmstadt | Long | On June 1, 1853, 8 communities were transferred to the new Darmstadt Regional Court. |
| Lichtenberg district court | Darmstadt | Lichtenberg Castle | On September 11, 1848, it was renamed the Reinheim Regional Court. On June 1, 1853, 5 communities were transferred to the new Darmstadt Regional Court. |
| Lorsch District Court | Darmstadt | Lorsch | On December 16, 1839 4 communities were transferred to the new Gernsheim district court. |
| Michelstadt District Court | Darmstadt | Michelstadt | The district court was established on May 21, 1822. |
| Offenbach District Court | Darmstadt | Offenbach am Main | The district court was established on January 23, 1823. According to the peace treaty with Prussia of September 3, 1866, Rumpenheim came to the district court from the former Hessian justice office Hanau II . |
| Regional Court of Schönberg | Darmstadt | Schoenberg Castle | Repealed on August 1, 1826 and assigned to the Fürth district court |
| Steinheim District Court | Darmstadt | Steinheim | Renamed the Seligenstadt District Court on July 1, 1825. |
| Umstadt District Court | Darmstadt | Groß-Umstadt | |
| Wald-Michelbach Regional Court | Darmstadt | Wald-Michelbach | Re-formed on June 1, 1953. |
| Wimpfen district court | Darmstadt | Bad Wimpfen | |
| District Court of Zwingenberg | Darmstadt | Zwingenberg | On June 1, 1853, 18 communities were transferred to the new Darmstadt and Wald-Michelbach regional courts. |
| Altenschlirf District Court | to water | Altenschlirf | The Altenschlirf Regional Court was renamed the Herbststein Regional Court on September 1, 1854. |
| Alsfeld District Court | to water | Alsfeld | On December 1, 1838, the Alsfeld regional court handed over the new Ulrichstein regional court to nine communities. According to the peace treaty with Prussia of September 3, 1866, 4 communities came to the district court from the former Hessian justice office Neustadt . |
| Altenstadt District Court | to water | Altenstadt | Erected on October 15, 1853. |
| Battenberg District Court | to water | Battenberg | Erected on August 1, 1835. According to the peace treaty with Prussia of September 3, 1866 to Prussia. |
| District court Biedenkopf | to water | Biedenkopf | On August 1, 1835, the Biedenkopf regional court gave 14 municipalities the new Battenberg regional court. According to the peace treaty with Prussia of September 3, 1866 to Prussia. |
| Büdingen District Court | to water | Büdingen | The district court was established on January 24, 1822. On October 15, 1853, 8 parishes were handed over to the new Altenstadt district court. |
| District court Butzbach | to water | Butzbach | Erected on June 1, 1840. |
| District Court Friedberg | to water | Friedberg | On June 1, 1840, the regional court handed over 16 communities to the new regional court in Butzbach. On October 15, 1853, 8 parishes were handed over to the new Altenstadt district court. According to the peace treaty with Prussia of September 3, 1866, two communities came to the district court from the former Hessian Justice Office Reichelsheim . |
| City Court of Giessen | to water | to water | |
| District Court of Giessen | to water | to water | On June 1, 1840, the regional court handed over 4 communities to the new regional court in Butzbach. |
| District Court Gladenbach | to water | Gladenbach | According to the peace treaty with Prussia of September 3, 1866 to Prussia. |
| Groß-Karben Regional Court | to water | Groß-Karben | Was dissolved on October 15, 1853 and its district was divided between the Altenstadt and Vilbel regional courts. |
| District Court Grünberg | to water | Grünberg | |
| District court Homberg an der Ohm | to water | Homberg (Ohm) | |
| District Court Hungen | to water | Hunger | Erected on April 24, 1822. |
| Laubach District Court | to water | Laubach | Erected on April 24, 1822. |
| Lauterbach Regional Court | to water | Lauterbach | |
| District Court of Lich | to water | Lich | Erected on April 24, 1822. |
| District Court Nauheim | to water | Bad Nauheim | According to the peace treaty with Prussia of September 3, 1866 by Kurhessen. |
| District Court Nidda | to water | Nidda | |
| Ortenberg district court | to water | Ortenberg | On October 15, 1838, the regional court handed over the new Altenstadt regional court to 4 communities. |
| District court Rödelheim | to water | Rödelheim | Erected on June 5, 1823. On October 15, 1853, it was dissolved and its district assigned to the Vilbel district court. |
| District Court of Schlitz | to water | slot | |
| District Court of Scots | to water | Bulkheads | On December 1, 1838, the regional court handed over 10 communities to the new Ulrichstein regional court. |
| Ulrichstein District Court | to water | Ulrichstein | Erected on December 1, 1838. |
| District Court Vöhl | to water | Vöhl | According to the peace treaty with Prussia of September 3, 1866 to Prussia. |
| Vilbel District Court | to water | Vilbel | Erected on October 15, 1853. According to the peace treaty with Prussia of September 3, 1866, two communities from the Landamt of the Free City of Frankfurt came to the district court, one community from the former Hessian Justice Office Höchst . Two communities were handed over to the Landamt. |
District and Peace Courts
The Grand Duchy of Hesse, which Rheinhessen received as part of a territory swap in 1816, took over the structure of the courts in the province of Rheinhessen introduced by the French. However, the Kreuznach Court of Appeal was dissolved and a provisional Higher Court in Mainz was created with the "Provisional Court of Appeal and Cassation Regulations for the Grand Ducal Hessian part of the state on the left bank of the Rhine" issued on November 4, 1815.
In 1816 the Mainz District Court was created as a second instance court in Rheinhessen. Twelve peace courts were located below it. On December 1, 1836, the Mainz District Court was divided into the Mainz and Alzey District Courts. In 1852, both district courts were renamed district courts .
| Magistrate's court | District Court | Seat | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alzey District Court | Alzey | Alzey | |
| Bechtheim Peace Court | Alzey | Bechtheim | (from 1822: Osthofen) |
| Bingen District Court | Mainz | Bingen | |
| District Court Mainz I | Mainz | Mainz | |
| District Court of Mainz II | Mainz | Mainz | |
| Nieder-Olm District Court | Mainz | Nieder-Olm | |
| Ober-Ingelheim District Court | Mainz | Ober-Ingelheim | |
| Oppenheim Peace Court | Alzey | Oppenheim | |
| Pfeddersheim Peace Court | Alzey | Pfeddersheim | |
| Wöllstein Peace Court | Alzey | Wöllstein | |
| Wörrstadt District Court | Mainz | Wörrstadt | |
| Worms District Court | Alzey | Worms |
Courts from 1879
With the Reich Justice Acts, a uniform judicial system was created across the Reich. In the Grand Duchy of Hesse, the courts of peace and regional courts were transformed into local courts on October 1, 1879, with a few exceptions.
Upper courts
At the top was now the Darmstadt Higher Regional Court as the successor to the Darmstadt Higher Appeal Court. Among them were three regional courts:
- Darmstadt District Court (Starkenburg Province)
- District Court Giessen (Province of Upper Hesse)
- District Court Mainz (Province of Rheinhessen)
District courts
More dishes
In addition to the courts mentioned, patrimonial courts existed until the March Revolution .
The University of courts were responsible for the jurisdiction of the university members. With the Courts Constitution Act 1877, academic jurisdiction was abolished in Germany.
The court and marshal justice deputation at the court marshal's office was responsible for the jurisdiction of the court employees. This function ceased after the March Revolution.
Military jurisdiction
The military investigative courts and the courts-martial served as military courts. The Higher Martial Court in Darmstadt served as the court of instance.
Forest jurisdiction
The Oberforstgericht in Darmstadt was a forestry court for the two provinces on the right bank of the Rhine. As an instance court, it ruled on decisions by the forest administration.
Local courts
Since 1852 the local courts existed in the provinces on the right bank of the Rhine as auxiliary organs of the judiciary. They continued to function after 1879.
Commercial jurisdiction
The Mainz Commercial Court existed before 1879 . After that, chambers of commerce were set up at the regional courts.
Jurisdiction for the navigation of the Rhine
Rhine shipping court for the Grand Duchy of Hesse was the Friedensgericht Main I or later the Mainz District Court in the first instance and the Mainz Regional Court in the second instance.
Administrative jurisdiction
With the administrative reform of 1832, an administrative court of justice was set up in Darmstadt for the areas on the right bank of the Rhine . The Darmstadt Administrative Court was set up as the highest instance of administrative jurisdiction in 1875 .
See also
- Court constitution of the Grand Duchy of Hesse
- List of historical dishes in the state of Hesse
- Darmstadt Bar Association
literature
- Eckhart G. Franz , Hanns Hubert Hofmann, Meinhard Schaab: Court organization in Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria and Hesse in the 19th and 20th centuries (= official spatial organization since 1800. Basic study 14 = publications by the Academy for spatial research and regional planning. Contributions 100). ARL, Hannover 1989, ISBN 3-88838-224-6 , p. 187 ff.
- Johann Friedrich Kratzsch: Tabular overview of the judicial organism of all German federal states, 1836, pp. 55-60, online
- Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879. In: Großherzoglich Hessisches Regierungsblatt No. 15 of May 30, 1879, pp. 197–203 (202), digitized .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Law concerning the Supreme Administrative Court of January 11, 1875. In: Großherzoglich Hessisches Regierungsblatt No. 3 of January 21, 1875, pp. 45–50.