Bellinzona

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Bellinzona
Bellinzona coat of arms
State : SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland
Canton : Canton of TicinoCanton of Ticino Ticino (TI)
District : Bellinzona districtw
Circle : Bellinzona district
BFS no. : 5002i1 f3 f4
Postal code : 6500 Bellinzona
6503 Carasso
6512 Giubiasco
6513 Monte Carasso
6514 Sementina
6515 Gudo
6518 Gorduno
6523 Preonzo
6524 Moleno
6525 Gnosca
6528 Camorino
6582 Pianezzo
6583 Sant'Antonio
6702 Claro
UN / LOCODE : CH BZA
Coordinates : 722 340  /  116 829 coordinates: 46 ° 11 '31 "  N , 9 ° 1' 24"  O ; CH1903:  722,340  /  one hundred and sixteen thousand eight hundred and twenty-nine
Height : 230  m above sea level M.
Height range : 200-2725 m above sea level M.
Area : 164.20  km²
Residents: i43,220 (December 31, 2018)
Population density : 263 inhabitants per km²
Mayor : Mario Branda ( SP )
Website: www.bellinzona.ch
Bellinzona

Bellinzona

Location of the municipality
Lago di Vogorno Lago Maggiore Lago d’Orbello Italien Italien Kanton Graubünden Bezirk Leventina Bezirk Locarno Bezirk Lugano Bezirk Riviera Arbedo-Castione Bellinzona Lumino TI Cadenazzo Isone Kommunanz Cadenazzo/Monteceneri Sant’Antonino TIMap of Bellinzona
About this picture
w

Audio file / audio sample Bellinzona ? / i (Italian [belinˈtsona] , in theLombarddialect of the area simplyBórgh [bork] ‹Stadt›;Germantoday seldomBellenz; French Bellinzone,formerly alsoBellence; Romansh Blizuna ? / i ,LatinBilitio) is apolitical municipalityin thedistrictandBellinzona districtand capital of theItalian-speakingcanton ofTicinoinSwitzerland. With around 43,000 inhabitants, Bellinzona isthe second largest city in the cantonafterLugano. The inhabitants arecalledBellenzer, in ItalianBellinzonesi. Audio file / audio sample

The Federal Criminal Court has its seat in Bellinzona .

geography

Bellinzona is located in the valley east of the Ticino River at the foot of the Gotthard massif near the border between Sopraceneri (northern Ticino) and Sottoceneri (southern Ticino). Rocks that were formed in the last Ice Age protrude from the plain, which is directly connected to the Magadino plain ; they mainly consist of gneiss . The castle rock was the main reason for the construction of a fortress at this point.

Neighboring municipalities are Arbedo-Castione , Lumino , San Vittore , Roveredo , Riviera , Sant'Antonino , Cugnasco-Gerra , Vogorno , Lavertezzo and Isone as well as Cavargna , San Nazzaro Val Cavargna and Gravedona ed Uniti on Italian territory .

history

Historical aerial photo by [[Walter Mittelholzer]] from 1919
Engine house of the Morobbia power plant in Giubiasco

Bellinzona is first mentioned in 590 as ad Bilitionem , then as Bellitiona, Belizona, Berinzona, Beliciona, Birrinzona and 1168 Birizona . The meaning is not completely clarified; Most likely the place name is based on a personal name Belitius or Bellitio .

The place was of great strategic importance as the key to the St. Gotthard , Lukmanier and San Bernardino passes . Archaeologists suggest that the city has been inhabited for 4,000 years. It is believed that the Neolithic settlements were located on the slope where the Castelgrande stands today. This place was easy to defend and secured against the floods of the Ticino. The place belonged to the Roman Empire since the 1st century BC . This expanded the fortress on the slope. In the fifth century the Lombards came to the city from the south and built a first, larger fortification on the slope of what is now Castelgrande. In 590 the city was attacked by the Franks and was first mentioned in writing on this occasion. In the 11th and 12th centuries the presumed wooden palisades were replaced by stone walls.

Giovanni Visconti and Luchino Visconti besieged the city for two months in 1340 and finally conquered it; even then it was an important trading place thanks to the Gotthard Pass. The Swiss Confederation was founded in 1291 and became increasingly powerful. The dukes of Milan did not want to lose the city and therefore heavily armored it. The three castles, from west to east, the Castelgrande , Castello di Montebello and Castello di Sasso Corbaro were built as a line of defense against the north . In 1499, Louis XII. of France with his troops and Bellinzona took possession of it. The residents secretly sold the city to the Confederates . In the Eternal Peace of 1516, France gave the city to the Swiss. Nevertheless, France tried again and again to buy them back, which the Confederates refused. In 1803, with the founding of the Canton of Ticino , the three well-fortified castles around Bellinzona passed into the ownership of the canton.

After Bellinzona, Locarno and Lugano had alternately been capital cities in the new canton , Bellinzona became the definitive seat of the cantonal government and parliament in 1878 .

In 1907 the previously independent communities Carasso , Daro and Ravecchia were incorporated into Bellinzona. On April 2, 2017, the neighboring communities Camorino , Claro , Giubiasco , Gnosca , Gorduno , Gudo , Moleno , Monte Carasso , Pianezzo , Preonzo , Sant'Antonio and Sementina followed . The area of ​​the political municipality increased in 2017 from 19.1 to 164.96 km², and the population increased from almost 19,000 to over 42,000.

power supply

After Faido , Lugano and Airolo , Bellinzona was the fourth place in Ticino with a power supply. The power plant in the Valle di Gorduno went into operation on February 1, 1891 and mainly supplied electricity for public lighting. The idea of ​​gas lighting was abandoned. The existing power plant with an output of 400 hp was not enough for more soon to cover the additional energy requirements of individuals and industry, including the 1891 opened maintenance workshop Officina Bellinzona of the Gotthard railway . After evaluating several projects, the city decided in 1898 to build the Morobbia power station , which went into operation in 1903. The plant was expanded several times and in 1947 had an output of 7,000 hp (5.2 MW). At the beginning of the 1970s, the system was expanded and provided with a weekly storage tank in the shape of Lago di Carmena . In 2018 the power plant had an output of 15 MW and was thus able to cover a fifth of the city's electricity needs.

politics

Consiglio Comunale Bellinzona 2017
2
13
2
12
22nd
3
6th
2 13 2 12 22nd 3 6th 
A total of 60 seats

The legislature is the Consiglio Comunale ( local council ) with 60 members.

The municipality forms the executive branch , consisting of seven members and two substitute members. Since 2017 it has been composed as follows: 3 FDP, 2 United Left, 1 CVP and 1 Lega. Sindaco (Mayor) is Mario Branda ( SP ).

In the Swiss parliamentary elections 2019, the share of the vote in Bellinzona was: FDP 24.3%, SP 18.1%, CVP 17.0%, Greens 13.4%, Lega 13.0%, SVP 9.9%.

population

At the last census ( Census ) in 2000, the city had 16'463 inhabitants. 14,392 of them spoke Italian , followed by 590 German speakers . In 2000, 30.6% were of foreign origin, most of them from Italy. The Bellenzer Italian mother tongue partly speak Ticinese, the Ticino variety of Lombard .

In 2005, the agglomeration of Bellinzona had 48,300 inhabitants in 16 municipalities (twelve of these municipalities were incorporated into Bellinzona in 2017). Bellinzona and its agglomeration are part of the Ticino metropolitan region , which includes Lugano and Locarno and has around 325,000 inhabitants.

Population development
year 1850 1880 1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2017
Residents 3209 4036 10406 10706 12060 16979 16849 16463 17373 43181

traffic

Bellinzona from the ISS, 2017. Motorway 2 runs through Bellinzona largely parallel to the Ticino; the Autobahn 13 branches off to the east.

Bellinzona is a transport hub. The Gotthard , Lukmanier , San Bernardino and Nufenen Alpine passes can be reached from here.

The city is on the Autobahn 2 (Switzerland) ( Basel –Gotthard – Bellinzona – Lugano– Chiasso ). The A13 motorway ( St. Margrethen - Chur - San Bernardino - Bellinzona) ends here. The main streets 2 and 13 cross in Bellinzona.

The Gotthard Railway from Lucerne or Zurich runs via Bellinzona station to Chiasso .

economy

The local industry is mainly based on mechanical engineering . The Società Bancaria Ticinese is based in Bellinzona. The main employers are the Swiss Federal Railways (SBB).

Attractions

Castelgrande in Bellinzona

The townscape of Bellinzona is classified in the inventory of protected sites in Switzerland (ISOS) as a site of national importance in Switzerland.

Fortifications and castles

The entire complex of the castles of Bellinzona , the preserved parts of the city wall and the Murata , which cordoned off the Ticino valley, forms one of the most important examples of defense architecture in Switzerland. Since 2000 they have been part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site . Today's complex, the origins of which go back to a late antique core, is mainly the result of the construction work of the dukes of Milan in the 15th century.

  • The hill of Castelgrande was already inhabited in prehistoric times. Today's buildings date from the period from 1250 to 1500. In 1981–1991, under the architect Aurelio Galfetti, later installations were removed or replaced by contemporary structures.
  • The core of the Castello di Montebello dates back to the late 13th century and may have been built by the Rusca family. The expansion to today's castle took place mainly in the 15th and 16th centuries.
  • The Castello di Sasso Corbaro was built in 1478/1482 instead of a fortified tower.

Piazza Collegiata

The current square got its appearance in the 17th century.

  • The current construction of the collegiate church Santi Pietro e Stefano started in 1515. The tower dates from 1567/1573, the facade cladding from 1640/54, the choir was expanded between 1684 and 1785, and the present appearance of the monumental staircase dates from the 19th century. The three-axis renaissance facade was completed in the baroque style , the main portal dates from 1640.
  • The former house of Archpriest Chicherio is a palazzo from 1722/1725. The balconies adorned with wrought iron railings are in the Rococo style ; the decorative painting dates from around 1903.
  • The former Casa Bruni is a palazzo from the 18th century. The decorative paintings in Baroque style that can be seen today have Art Nouveau elements.
  • The former Casa Carlo Chicherio is a stately palazzo from the 18th century with a rococo portal.

Piazza Nosetto

The square has been the center of the place for ages.

  • The arcades go back to the 16th and 16th centuries; the houses belonging to it are partly more recent buildings from the 18th century.
  • The Palazzo Communale (town hall) was built in 1921–1926 in place of the late medieval town hall. The rectangular floor plan, the loggia courtyard and the high tower are based on the type of the Italian medieval town hall. The construction as well as the rich interior decoration of the community and citizens' hall express the appreciation of local materials and traditional craft techniques.

Piazza Governo

Piazza Governo, 1966

Placed in the 19th century.

  • The Palazzo del Governo was built as an Ursuline monastery in 1738–1743 , converted into a three-winged government building in 1851 and later closed on the fourth side by means of a classical wing; In 1950 a modern extension followed. The building complex is the seat of the State Council and the Grand Council of the Canton of Ticino.
  • The Teatro Sociale , built in 1847, is one of the most important monuments of late classicism and one of the rare examples of an all'italiana theater in Switzerland.

Piazza Indipendenza

Place in the style of the 19th century.

  • Various buildings built or converted in the style of classicist forms line the square. In the middle of the square there is an obelisk from 1903, which commemorates the construction of today's canton in 1803.
  • The current construction of the Church of San Rocco dates from 1478 and was thoroughly renovated in 1926/1928.

Outside the old town

  • The church of Santa Maria delle Grazie , located in the south of the city and originally belonging to a Franciscan monastery, contains Renaissance frescoes from the Lombard school, which are among the most important in the canton of Ticino (around 1510).
  • The church of Santi Giovanni Battista ed Evangelista , located in the north of the city and originally belonging to an Augustinian monastery, is a stately classical building erected between 1760 and 1772.
  • The single-nave village church of Daro, Santi Quirico e Giulitta, was built in 1446, a tower was added in 1532/1537 and in the 18th – 20th centuries. Building complex rebuilt in the 19th century. In the vault of the choir, there are refined stucco work from the 18th century.
  • The three-nave village church of Ravecchia, San Biagio, is a late Gothic building that still incorporates elements of the Romanesque predecessor building and important frescoes from the 14th / 15th centuries. Century contains.

Culture

Sculptures by the Ticino sculptor Nag Arnoldi in the courtyard of Castelgrande
Institutions
  • Tribunals penale federale
  • Castelli di Bellinzona. Patrimonio dell'umanità UNESCO
  • Ticino State Archives
  • Divisione dell'economia del Dipartimento finanze
  • Istituto Oncologico della Svizzera Italiana (IOSI)
  • Istituto di Ricerca in Biomedicina (IRB)
  • AlpTRansit San Gottardo SA
  • The Teatro Sociale was inaugurated in 1847.
  • The Museo in Erba for children
  • MACT / CACT Arte Contemporanea Ticino
  • ABCD Associazione bellinzonese cine-video dilettanti
  • Associazione Amici dell'organo Antegnati
Festivals
  • The Piazza Blues Festival has been held in July since 1989 . With around 30,000 visitors a year and numerous well-known international musicians, this has developed into a major European blues festival: Bellinzona Blues Sessions
  • Bellinzona is also known for its Carnival, 150 years old, called Rabadan . Every year it attracts thousands of people from all over the canton and Switzerland; the city remains in the hands of the "king" for six days of celebration. According to tradition, the Carnival in Bellinzona started in 1862, but the term Rabadan ( Lombard for "noise", but also "man in bad shape") did not appear until 1874. Also in Bellinzona, in 1958, the first Ticino Guggenmusik was founded: the Ciod Stonaa . A guggen is a band that performs during Carnival and whose musicians (often improvised) are masked. This tradition comes from the south of Germany and from German-speaking Switzerland.
  • La Spada nella Rocca
  • Bellinzona Beatles Days 2019
Others

Sports

Football clubs are the Associazione Calcio Bellinzona , Associazione Calcistica Ravecchia, Associazione Calcistica Codeborgo, Football Club Pedemonte, Unione Sportiva Semine, Associazione Sportiva La Turrita and Unione Sportiva Pro Daro .

The ice hockey club GDT Bellinzona has been playing in the third class first division since 2012 and plays its home games in the Centro Sportivo di Bellinzona.

Personalities

gallery

  • Core structure of the large Montebello fortification above Bellinzona

  • View from Castelgrande to the city

  • View of the Collegiata SS. Pietro and Stefano church from Castelgrande

  • Inside of the Collegiata SS. Pietro and Stefano church

literature

history
Art history

Web links

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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Permanent and non-permanent resident population by year, canton, district, municipality, population type and gender (permanent resident population). In: bfs. admin.ch . Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 31, 2019, accessed on December 22, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Lexicon of Swiss municipality names . Edited by the Center de Dialectologie at the University of Neuchâtel under the direction of Andres Kristol. Frauenfeld / Lausanne 2005, pp. 134–136.
  3. ^ Vocabolario dei dialetti della Svizzera italiana , Volume II, p. 725.
  4. ^ Fusion of 13 parishes to "New Bellinzona". swissinfo.ch, February 3, 2017, accessed January 5, 2018 .
  5. ↑ https://map.geo.admin.ch/?zoom=8&bgLayer=voidLayer&lang=de&topic=ech&layers=ch.swisstopo.zeitreihen,ch.bfs.gebaeude_wohnungs_register,ch.bav.haltestellen-oev,ch.swisstopo.swisstlm3d- wanderwege, ch.swisstopo.geologie-geologischer_atlas & layers_opacity = 1,1,1,0.8,0.75 & layers_visibility = false, false, false, false, true & layers_timestamp = 18641231 ,,,, & E = 2723084.61 & N = 1117032.51 & catalogNodes = 532,533
  6. ↑ Lexicon of Swiss municipality names . Edited by the Center de Dialectologie at the University of Neuchâtel under the direction of Andres Kristol. Frauenfeld / Lausanne 2005, pp. 134–136.
  7. ^ Giuseppe Chiesi: Visconti (dukes). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . 4th November 2014 .
  8. ^ Martin Peter Schindler, Giuseppe Chiesi: Bellinzona. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . May 8, 2017 .
  9. ^ Graziano Tarilli : Storie e tradizioni - Anno 40 - N. 2 - “La Via dell'acqua” in valle Morobbia . Terra ticinese , accessed January 3, 2019 (Italian).
  10. ↑ Federal Office for Water Management (Ed.): Statistics on hydropower plants in Switzerland . January 1, 1947, p. 186-187 .
  11. ↑ Elezioni Federali 2019. Retrieved August 21, 2020 .
  12. ^ Federal Statistical Office : NR - Results parties (municipalities) (INT1). In: Federal Elections 2019 | opendata.swiss. August 8, 2019, accessed August 20, 2020 .
  13. ^ A b Martin Peter Schindler, Giuseppe Chiesi: Bellinzona (community). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . May 8, 2017 .
  14. ↑ List of sites of national importance , directory on the website of the Federal Office of Culture (BAK), accessed on January 10, 2018.
  15. ↑ Art guide through Switzerland. Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History. Volume 2. Society for Swiss Art History, Bern 2005, p. 463.
  16. ↑ The Murata Bellinzona at ethorama.library.ethz.ch/de/node
  17. ↑ Art guide through Switzerland. Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History. Volume 2. Society for Swiss Art History, Bern 2005, p. 464.
  18. ↑ Castelgrande on ethorama.library.ethz.ch/de/node
  19. ↑ Art guide through Switzerland. Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History. Volume 2. Society for Swiss Art History, Bern 2005, p. 463 f.
  20. ↑ Castello di Montebello on ethorama.library.ethz.ch/de/node
  21. ↑ Art guide through Switzerland. Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History. Volume 2. Society for Swiss Art History, Bern 2005, p. 464.
  22. ↑ Castello di Sasso Corbaro on ethorama.library.ethz.ch/de/node
  23. ↑ Piazza Collegiata on ethorama.library.ethz.ch/de/node
  24. ↑ Art guide through Switzerland. Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History. Volume 2. Society for Swiss Art History, Bern 2005, pp. 466–468.
  25. ↑ Chiesa collegiata dei Santi Pietro e Stefano on ethorama.library.ethz.ch/de/node
  26. ↑ a b c Art guide through Switzerland. Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History. Volume 2. Society for Swiss Art History, Bern 2005, p. 468.
  27. ↑ Piazza Nosetto on ethorama.library.ethz.ch/de/node
  28. ↑ Art guide through Switzerland. Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History. Volume 2. Society for Swiss Art History, Bern 2005, p. 469.
  29. ↑ Art guide through Switzerland. Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History. Volume 2. Society for Swiss Art History, Bern 2005, p. 469 f.
  30. ↑ Art guide through Switzerland. Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History. Volume 2. Society for Swiss Art History, Bern 2005, p. 471.
  31. ↑ Art guide through Switzerland. Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History. Volume 2. Society for Swiss Art History, Bern 2005, p. 471 f.
  32. ↑ Art guide through Switzerland. Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History. Volume 2. Society for Swiss Art History, Bern 2005, p. 472.
  33. ↑ Art guide through Switzerland. Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History. Volume 2. Society for Swiss Art History, Bern 2005, p. 472 f.
  34. ↑ Art guide through Switzerland. Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History. Volume 2. Society for Swiss Art History, Bern 2005, pp. 473–475.
  35. ↑ Church of Santa Maria delle Grazie on ethorama.library.ethz.ch/de/node
  36. ↑ Art guide through Switzerland. Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History. Volume 2. Society for Swiss Art History, Bern 2005, p. 479.
  37. ↑ Art guide through Switzerland. Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History. Volume 2. Society for Swiss Art History, Bern 2005, p. 481.
  38. ↑ Art guide through Switzerland. Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History. Volume 2. Society for Swiss Art History, Bern 2005, p. 482 f.
  39. ↑ Chiesa di San Biagio on ethorama.library.ethz.ch/de/node
  40. ^ Tribunale penale federale
  41. ^ Castelli di Bellinzona. Patrimonio dell'umanità UNESCO
  42. ^ Archivio di Stato del Canton Ticino
  43. ^ Divisione dell'economia del Dipartimento finanze
  44. ^ Istituto Oncologico della Svizzera Italiana
  45. ↑ Istituto di Ricerca in Biomedicina (Italian) on irb.usi.ch/it (accessed on March 9, 2017).
  46. ↑ AlpTRansit San Gottardo SA
  47. ^ Simona Maspoli: Teatro Sociale, Bellinzona TI . In: Andreas Kotte (ed.): Theater Lexikon der Schweiz - Dizionario Teatrale Svizzero. Volume 3, Chronos, Zurich 2005, ISBN 3-0340-0715-9 , p. 1823 f. (Italian)
  48. ↑ Museo in Erba (Italian) on museoinerba.com (accessed March 9, 2017).
  49. ^ MACT / CACT Arte Contemporanea Ticino
  50. ^ ABCD Associazione bellinzonese cine-video dilettanti
  51. ^ Associazione Amici dell'organo Antegnati
  52. ↑ La Spada nella Rocca on laspadanellarocca.ch (accessed on January 10, 2018).
  53. ↑ Beatles Days 2019 on ticino.ch
  54. ↑ Meinrad Lienert : Swiss legends and heroic stories. Stuttgart 1914.
  55. ^ Associazione Calcio Bellinzona
  56. ^ Associazione Calcistica Ravecchia
  57. ↑ Associazione Calcistica Codeborgo
  58. ↑ Football Club Pedemonte ,
  59. ^ Unione Sportiva Semine
  60. ↑ Associazione Sportiva La Turrita
  61. ↑ Unione Sportiva Pro Daro