Nizhny Tagil
city
Nizhny Tagil
Нижний Тагил
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List of cities in Russia |
Nizhny Tagil ( Russian: Ни́жний Таги́л , scientific transliteration Nižnij Tagil ); until 1919 Nizhnetagilski Sawod / Нижнетагильский Завод ( Nižnij = Russian for "low", "lower"; Tagil = Mansi for "much water" after the river name) is a city in Russia with 361,811 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010). It is located in Sverdlovsk Oblast on the Tagil River in the central Urals north of Yekaterinburg .
history
The story of Nizhny Tagil begins in 1696, when the mining of the rich iron ore deposits in the area began. As a result, the place became one of the early centers of Russian industrialization and an important production site for cast iron and steel. In 1833 the engineers Jefim and Miron Tscherepanow built the first Russian steam locomotive here; they were honored in 1956 with an eight meter high bronze statue.
During the Soviet era, there was a large forced labor camp in Nizhny Tagil within the Gulag system. The Tagil ITL (corrective labor camp) existed from January 1942 to April 1953 and its administration was in the city. The number of prisoners was at times over 43,000 people who were employed in the Nizhny Tagil metallurgy combine and in other industrial plants as well as in road and water construction, for the extraction of natural resources and in wood extraction.
The two POW camps 153 and 245 for German POWs of the Second World War were also located in the city. Seriously ill people were cared for in Prisoner of War Hospital 2929 .
Population development
year | Residents |
---|---|
1897 | 30,000 |
1926 | 39,000 |
1939 | 159,867 |
1959 | 338.501 |
1970 | 378.410 |
1979 | 398.146 |
1989 | 439,521 |
2002 | 390,498 |
2010 | 361.811 |
Note: census data (rounded up to 1926)
traffic
The city is connected to the most important road and rail links in the area. National and international flights take place via the nearby Yekaterinburg Airport .
Culture
Nizhny Tagil has a municipal theater, the DN von Mamin-Sibirjak , a youth and puppet theater, a circus, a cinema and video center, two cultural palaces and several museums and libraries. In the city and the surrounding area there are many still preserved or lovingly restored cultural and historical buildings from the 18th and 19th centuries that convey impressions of the architecture of that time. There is also a national park that provides information on the history of iron extraction and processing. School No. 32 and the Ellwangen vocational school center operate a school partnership.
economy
The city is known for iron extraction and processing. The other important economic branches are mechanical engineering, metal processing and chemistry. The metallurgy combine was reorganized under the leadership of Thyssen . Other German companies involved in building the city are KHD Humboldt Wedag International and Erich Friedrich . In 1996, the German-Russian company Tagil-Technoterm started producing heat-insulating materials. The NTMK steelworks with company headquarters is also located in the city .
The most important company in Nizhny Tagil is the engineering factory, the world's largest armored vehicle manufacturer Uralvagonzavod .
A common theory is that the copper used for the Statue of Liberty comes from Nizhny Tagil (but the copper mining town of Sulitjelma in Norway also claims the same about its copper).
education
In addition to the grammar schools, there are several vocational schools, a medical college, college of the arts (with music and drama departments) and the world-renowned academy for applied arts. Various further education options are available
- Branch of the Urals State Technical University
- Branch of the Metropolitan Humanities Institute
- Branch of the Institute of Economics, Administration and Law of the Urals
- Ministry of Interior Militia School
- Nizhny Tagil State Pedagogical Institute
Sports
The ice hockey club Sputnik plays in the second highest Russian league .
In Nizhny Tagil there is the ski jumping hill complex Aist , which includes a large hill (HS134), a normal hill (HS100) and three small hills (K40, K20, K10). International competitions have also been held there since 2013.
Town twinning
Nizhny Tagil lists the following twin cities :
- Kryvyi Rih , Ukraine
- Cheb , Czech Republic
- Novokuznetsk , Russia
- Brest , Belarus
- Chattanooga , United States
- Františkovy Lázně , Czech Republic
- Mariánské Lázně , Czech Republic
sons and daughters of the town
- Victor Starffin (1916–1957), baseball player
- Gennadi Kolbin (1927–1998), politician
- Rosa Salichowa (* 1944), volleyball player
- Michael Aizenman (* 1945), Israeli-American physicist and mathematician
- Aron Sinschtein (* 1947), painter and engraver
- Valeri Brainin (* 1948), poet, music teacher and music theorist
- Valery Ogorodnikov (1951-2006), film director
- Sergei Shepelev (* 1955), ice hockey player
- Konstantin Novoselov (* 1974), Nobel Prize in Physics
- Sergei Gusew (* 1975), ice hockey player
- Stanislaw Pochilko (* 1975), ski jumper
- Olesja Forschewa (* 1979), sprinter
- Yevgeny Muratov (born 1981), ice hockey player
- Vitaly Sitnikov (* 1981), ice hockey player
- Igor Radulov (born 1982), ice hockey player
- Bar Paly (* 1985), Israeli model and actress
- Wera Slugina (* 1985), boxer
- Alexander Radulow (* 1986), ice hockey player
- Yevgenia Schapovalova (* 1986), cross-country skier
- Kirill Putilow (* 1988), ice hockey player
- Marija Guschtschina (* 1989), cross-country skier
- Alexander Osipov (* 1989), ice hockey player
- Oleg Shatov (* 1990), football player
- Maxim Kanunnikow (* 1991), football player
- Kirill Djakow (* 1993), ice hockey player
- Alexander Ivanov (* 1993), walker
- Nikita Soshnikov (* 1993), ice hockey player
- Wadim Schischkin (* 1995), ski jumper
Web links
- Official website of the city (Russian)
- Nizhny Tagil on mojgorod.ru (Russian)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ↑ Tagil-ITL on the GULAG website of Memorial Deutschland e. V.
- ↑ Erich Maschke (Hrsg.): On the history of the German prisoners of war of the Second World War. Verlag Ernst and Werner Gieseking, Bielefeld 1962–1977.
- ↑ District Vocational School Center Ellwangen now has a partner school in Nizhny Tagil, Russia. ( Memento from May 20, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) on ostalbkreis.de
- ^ Statue of Liberty Made of Russian Copper?