Schönhauser Allee

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
B96a Schönhauser Allee
coat of arms
Street in Berlin
Schönhauser Allee
Corner of Kastanienallee , in the foreground the elevated railway, 2004
Basic data
place Berlin
District Prenzlauer Berg
Hist. Names Pankowscher Landweg,
Schönhauser Weg,
Schönhausensche Landstrasse,
Chaussee to Pankow,
Chaussee to Niederschönhausen,
Pankower Chaussee,
Chaussee in front of the Schönhauser Tor
Connecting roads
Old Schönhauser Strasse ,
Berliner Strasse
Cross streets (Selection)
Schwedter Strasse , Metzer Strasse ,
Eberswalder Strasse ,
Danziger Strasse ,
Kastanien- ,
Pappelallee , Gleimstrasse , Stargarder Strasse , Schivelbeiner Strasse , Wichertstrasse , Bornholmer Strasse , Wisbyer Strasse
Places Senefelderplatz
use
User groups Pedestrian traffic , bicycle traffic , car traffic , public transport
Technical specifications
Street length 2840 m

The Schönhauser Allee in Berlin is one of the main roads in the district of Prenzlauer Berg of Pankow . The 2.8 kilometer long arterial road is the largest shopping street in Prenzlauer Berg and named after Schönhausen Castle in the Pankow district of Niederschönhausen .

The street begins as an extension of the Alten Schönhauser Straße coming from the direction of Hackescher Markt and merges into Berliner Straße in the north after the intersection with the inner city ring at the corner of Schonensche Straße . The northern half behind the crossing Eberswalder / Danziger Straße is part of the federal highway 96a .

The U2 line of the metro runs along the entire length of the Schönhauser Allee and operated on their route behind the underground station Rosa-Luxembourg-Platz , the three stations Senefelderplatz , Eberswalder Straße and Schönhauser Allee .

General

Surname

map

The Schönhauser Allee has had her name since December 27, 1841. From around 1490 to the 17th century the street was called Pankowscher Landweg , then (until around 1825/1826) it was called Schönhauser Weg . Before it was finally renamed, the street was called Chaussee in front of Schönhauser Tor for around 15 years . Other names that have come down to us are Schönhausensche Landstrasse , Chaussee to Pankow , Chaussee to Niederschönhausen and Pankower Chaussee .

Location in urban space

The course from Rosa-Luxemburg-Strasse or Alte Schönhauser Strasse and Schönhauser Allee forms one of the radial arterial roads that start from the historic center of the city around Alexanderplatz and Hackescher Markt .

These include - starting from the center from northwest to southeast - clockwise:

as well as west across the Spree :

Course of the road

From the border to the Mitte district at Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz, formerly the location of the Schönhauser Tor of the Berlin customs wall , Schönhauser Allee initially runs around 450 meters along the western edge of the Kollwitzkiez in a north-northeast direction to Senefelderplatz . After another 950 meters, running past the intersection Choriner Straße / Sredzkistraße the U2 as elevated train continues to run, is due to the double cross with the Eberswalde / Danzigerstraße or chestnut - / Poplar Avenue of high station Eberswalder Street subway. Then the road route between leads Gleim Quarter and Helmholtzkiez about 900 meters to the circle line where to S-Bahn station Schönhauser Allee with the same station of the subway is. The last section is 550 meters long and ends behind the intersection Bornholmer / Wisbyer Straße ( inner city ring ) at the junction with Schonenschen Straße , from where Berliner Straße continues towards the center of the Pankow district .

At almost three kilometers in length, it runs through the entire district of Prenzlauer Berg and overcomes a good 14 meters in altitude. Its center is roughly at the intersection at the corner of Eberswalder and Danziger Strasse. To the north of the confluence with Wisbyer Straße, Schönhauser Allee runs a short distance along the district boundary established in 2001; the houses number 91 and 92 already belong to the district Pankow.

Important cross streets are:

Private transport

View from the Park Inn Alexanderplatz in north direction
Signpost in Wisbyer Straße east of Schönhauser Allee - reference to B 96a

The section north of the Eberswalder / Danziger Strasse intersection is part of the 96a federal road . In the urban development plan for traffic, the existing Schönhauser Allee is shown along its entire length as a traffic axis of the superordinate road network, level II (superordinate road connection) . As for all streets within the inner city ring (i.e. south of the intersection Eberswalder / Danziger Straße), a downgrade is planned for the 2015 planning , the southern Schönhauser Allee is only listed here as a street of level III (local road connection).

The average daily traffic load (DTV) on Schönhauser Allee in 2005 was between 18,800 (Schönhauser Tor to Senefelderplatz) and 33,000 vehicles (Danziger Straße to Wichertstraße) per working day (WT). The parallel axes Brunnenstraße, Prenzlauer Allee (feeder Autobahn 114 ) and Greifswalder Straße (feeder Autobahn triangle Barnim via Berliner Allee ) had at the same time in their northern sections (Bernauer / Danziger Strasse to Ringbahn) a DTV-WT of 31,400, 19,200 and 33,000 respectively Vehicles on, the Schönhauser Allee is thus, despite its function as a shopping street with heavy destination and source , pedestrian and bicycle traffic, heavily burdened by motor vehicle traffic.

Cycle path, street, tram and elevated railway at the intersection of Danziger Straße, 2012

As everywhere in Berlin, the volume of traffic on Schönhauser Allee has also decreased since the beginning of the 2000s; in 1998, 34,700 vehicles were counted per working day in the most heavily used section. However, the decline was less pronounced than on Prenzlauer Allee or Greifswalder Strasse.

There is a cycle path on both sides along Schönhauser Allee . The Berlin – Usedom long-distance cycle route runs along the section from Torstraße to Senefelderplatz . The Schönhauser Allee with its intersection areas is one of the hotspots in the Berlin road network. A disproportionately high number of accidents with cyclists are recorded.

As part of a nationwide pilot test by the Federal Ministry of Transport , the rule to turn right for cyclists was introduced in nine cities, including five intersections in Berlin, in April 2019 . The corner of Torstrasse and Schönhauser Allee is one of these intersections. There, free right turns from Torstrasse into Schönhauser Allee were permitted.

Public transport

Schönhauser Allee is also an important road for the public transport network . The entire length of the street is traversed by the U2 line of the Berlin subway . There are three underground stations on this line in Schönhauser Allee ( Senefelderplatz , Eberswalder Straße and Schönhauser Allee ). The southern end of the street is accessed by the Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz underground station . At the Schönhauser Allee high station, the street crosses the S-Bahn ring, this is the district's most important public transport hub .

In the (livelier) northern half of the street there are also trams of the M1 line, it has four stops in Schönhauser Allee. Along Kastanienallee and Pappelallee, tram line 12 crosses Schönhauser Allee, and at the same point, line M10 along Eberswalder and Danziger Strasse. At the northern end of the street, on Bornholmer Straße, the tram lines M13 and 50 also cross. The tram line M8 crosses at Schönhauser Tor (Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz).

history

The highway from royal Berlin to Pankow

The Schönhauser Allee was created in the Middle Ages as a connecting route between the still quite small city of Berlin and the villages of Pankow and Niederschönhausen . The area on both sides of the path was forested until the 13th century and was then cleared and used for agriculture. The first trees were planted on Schönhausensche Landstrasse in 1695. The street gained a certain importance from 1691 when Elector Friedrich III. bought the Niederschönhausen manor house from the Grumbkow family and had it converted into a castle . To make the six-kilometer journey to his castle more comfortable for the prince, four years later linden trees were planted along Schönhausen's Landstrasse . The planting from about the height of Oderberger Straße to the later Pankow-Schönhausen train station took place from 1748. In 1708, on the corner of the street in front of the gates, the Royal Vorwerk was built in front of the Schönhausen Landwehr with a manor and thus the first buildings on the street.

The wife Elisabeth Christine , cast out by Frederick II after ascending to the throne , was deported to Niederschönhausen Castle in 1740. However, since foreign ambassadors had to pay their respects to the queen, Schönhausensche Landstrasse became a protocol route for state visitors and diplomats for the first time in its existence . For example, after spending five days in Berlin , Goethe left the city on May 20, 1778 via the Chaussee to Pankow in the direction of Tegel .

In the early 19th century, the development of the Mühlenberg began slowly, then more and more stormy. The five roads leading from Berlin to the northeast were connected to one another in 1822 by a communications route (since 1874 Danziger Strasse , with interruptions). A year later, Christian Wilhelm Griebenow bought the royal Vorwerk, which was about to go bankrupt, and its lands on favorable terms, with the intention of dividing up the land and selling it at a great profit. He succeeded in this after only two years when he sold the place on the lonely poplar at an extremely high price to the Prussian military treasury, which set up the parade ground for the Alexander regiment there.

In the same year bought Jewish community of Berlin by Wilhelm Gotthold Büttner a five- hectare plot of land on the now road to Pankow said road to a cemetery, the Jewish cemetery Schoenhauser Allee . The purchase price was 5800 thalers. Previously, in September 1824, it was decreed that all cemeteries within the Berlin city wall must be closed. This cemetery, designed by Friedrich Wilhelm Langhans, was consecrated on June 29, 1827 by Rabbi Jacob Joseph Oettinger.

“ Schönhauser Allee  and   Chaussee , leads from the Schönhauser Thore via Pankow to Nieder-Schönhausen. The magnificent avenue of lime trees was planted in 1743, the road was built several years ago on Actien, and already occupied with several houses, including a road = house, a dairy farm , several land = and inns. The Jewish burial site is also on this road . "

- JGA Ludwig Helling : (1830)

As the first cross streets to the Chaussee to Pankow, Griebenow had the Kastanienallee and the Poplarallee built. In 1826 the area outside the city wall between Rosenthaler and Landsberger Tor was released for settlement without a special development plan . Two years later in 1828 the road, which had previously been made of clay, was given a stone pavement .

The Pfefferberg on Senefelderplatz

Simon Kremser , who had operated a horse-drawn bus route between the Brandenburg Gate and Charlottenburg since 1825 , opened the regular service between the Schönhauser Tor and Pankow in 1835, which was particularly popular on Sundays and public holidays. A carter tavern opened in Kastanienallee near the route in 1837. It was located on a meadow and was named after this ( Latin , 'pratum') Prater . In 1880 the Pfefferberg brewery took over the Prater. The master brewer Joseph Pfeffer had already built his brewery with beer garden on the hill at the beginning of the Chaussee in 1841, which quickly enjoyed great popularity. Soon more breweries settled in:

“The Bavarian breweries outside the city gates are very popular; there, when the weather is favorable, thousands of people gather in the associated gardens, namely at: Brauns, Schönhauser Alle; Ley, Schönhauser Allee 162; Schultheiß, Schönhauser Allee [...] "

- from: R. Springer: Berlin. Leipzig 1861.

In 1850, master brewer Wagner founded the Wagner brewery on the corner of Saarbrücker Strasse, the forerunner of what would later become the Königsstadt brewery . Three years later, the entrepreneur Jobst Schultheiss bought the North German lager brewery founded by the pharmacist Heinrich Prell at Schönhauser Allee 39, which has since been called Zum Schultheissbräu and which was expanded to include a beer garden in 1860. Groterjan set up other breweries on the corner of Schönhauser Allee / Milastraße and Bötzow on Saarbrücker Straße. All of these breweries had beer gardens for day trippers.

Speculators and Tenements: The Settlement of Prenzlauer Berg

Corner house on Schwedter Strasse from 1889

With the development plan for the surroundings of Berlin by the sewer specialist and building counselor James Hobrecht , the planned development around the core city of Old Berlin began in 1862 . This also took place along the Schönhauser Allee, which has been known since 1841, and the settled Windmühlenberg. The first district was created in the area of Teutoburger Platz between Choriner Straße and Schönhauser Allee. In the course of the process, the still existing toll wall around Berlin and its gates, including the Schönhauser Tor, fell. In the years that followed, property speculation of enormous proportions developed, which caused numerous company breakdowns and bankruptcies of private investors into the 1890s. The area of the district of the same name was built with mostly five- story tenements with transverse buildings and countless backyards. The population consisted mainly of working class families.

The Nordring , opened in 1871 and initially laid out in a wide arc around Berlin, was quickly overgrown by the rapidly growing city. To develop the new residential areas along Schönhauser Allee, the Große Berliner Pferde-Eisenbahn AG opened a horse-drawn tram line from Schönhauser Tor to Pankow. In 1879 the Ringbahn opened a train station on Schönhauser Allee, which, in addition to the residents, also served day-trippers to Pankow and Niederschönhausen. Since 1881 horse-drawn trams have been running in Kastanienallee. A trial run with steam-powered trams on Schönhauser Allee caused enormous soot and noise pollution. After numerous protests from angry residents, the attempt was stopped after three weeks.

Kulturbrauerei at the corner of Sredzkistraße

The Schultheiss brewery opened its new building designed by the architect Franz Schwechten on the corner of Franseckistraße (since 1952 Sredzkistraße ) , which has been used as a culture brewery since the end of the 20th century . Two years later, the was with great effort and in the presence of the imperial couple and numerous other official holders of church, state and army by the secret Baurat August Orth designed Gethsemane Church in Stargard street , a few steps from Schönhauser Avenue, inaugurated. Caroline Griebenow, widow of the aforementioned property speculator, had given the corresponding building plot to the parish.

In 1894, at the corner of Schönhauser Allee and Gleimstrasse, a horse train depot of the Große Berliner Pferde-Eisenbahn AG was built. It consisted of a car park, horse stables and workshops. In addition, the same company opened a horse-drawn tram line that, branching off from Schönhauser Allee at Senefelderplatz , led through Weißenburger Strasse (since 1947 Kollwitzstrasse ) to Danziger Strasse. In 1899 the first electric tram ran from the Schönhauser Allee ring station to Rixdorf ( Neukölln since 1912 ).

Another church, the Catholic Herz-Jesu-Kirche on Schönhauser Allee / corner of Fehrbelliner Straße, which was built according to plans by Christoph Hehl , was consecrated in 1898. Ten years later, a third church followed with the Evangelical Blessing Church opposite the confluence with Wörther Strasse.

The elevated railway

Elevated viaduct with line A , 1984

On April 18, 1906, the city of Berlin signed a contract, the consequences of which have shaped the image of Schönhauser Allee ever since: the elevated railway company received approval to build a line from Potsdamer Platz to Schönhauser Allee ring station . Since the construction costs in the city center went far beyond the planned level due to technical problems with the Spree and building undercuts, the elevated railway company decided to build the northern section in the form of a cheaper elevated railway . The underground crossing of the circular railway at Schönhauser Allee would only have been possible with great effort.

The project initially met with a lot of criticism. Protests from homeowners (because of the "shock"), business people (because of business damage), residents (because of noise) and potential passengers (because of the planned fare of thirty pfennigs) were the predominant reactions. Apart from that, it was known that the elevated railway company tended to buy up land along the route in order to evade lawsuits with local residents. This drove up land prices in the area and resulted in many homeowners relying on property speculation without paying attention to the interests of the residents.

The construction work for the extension from Spittelmarkt to the north began in 1910. After three years of construction, the line to Alexanderplatz was opened on July 1 and to Nordring station on July 27, 1913. The elevated railway stations Danziger Strasse (since 1990 Eberswalder Strasse ) and Nordring (since 1936 Schönhauser Allee) were designed by Johannes Bousset and Alfred Grenander . The entire elevated railway system in Schönhauser Allee was added to the district monument list in 1979 and is popularly known as the municipal umbrella .

The Schönhauser Allee as the boulevard of the north

Schönhauser Allee S-Bahn station, 1961

The Prater in Kastanienallee opened a ballroom in 1905, which subsequently served as the setting for numerous large events, including rallies by the workers' movements with speakers such as Clara Zetkin , Rosa Luxemburg and August Bebel . In addition, outdoor sports events such as boxing matches took place there. In 1912 the city of Berlin bought the eastern half of the "Einsame Pappel" parade ground from the military treasury in order to create sports and recreational areas. The former tram depot at No. 123 on the corner of Gleimstrasse, converted by the architect Fritz Wilms into a cinema-variety theater Colosseum , was opened in 1924 and offered space for 1200 visitors. In 1930 the cinema was taken over by Ufa and adapted to current tastes by Erich Teschenmacher . The S-Bahn-Ring was converted to electrical operation in 1929 with the light rail vehicles that were only withdrawn from service in 1997 . A year later, in 1930, the elevated railway line in Schönhauser Allee was extended by one station to Pankow (Vinetastraße) . The train station there is underground. The entire elevated railway section in Schönhauser Allee and Berliner Straße measures 1.7 kilometers. In the same year Max and Charlotte Konnopke opened their well-known sausage stand under the Danziger Strasse high station, which still exists in the 21st century. In 1932 the Prater was taken over by Berliner Kinobetriebe GmbH and converted into a cinema.

The National Socialist dictatorship and the Second World War

On 25 January 1933, five days before the takeover of the Nazis , drew a antifascist protest march with some 100,000 participants from Helmholtzplatz on Schoenhauser Allee to Karl Liebknecht House , headquarters of the KPD . As early as February 1933, the SA set up a “wild” concentration camp on the waterworks site between Belforter and Tresckowstrasse (since 1952 Knaackstrasse ) . Hundreds of anti-Nazi opponents, mainly from the workers' parties, were tortured here and many of them died from the mistreatment. Despite the terror against the other parties, the NSDAP in Prenzlauer Berg only got 30 percent of the vote in the 1933 Reichstag elections , the last free elections; The SPD and KPD were almost on par.

Corner of Saarbrücker Strasse, 1951

In September 1940, several people were killed in Kastanienallee and Oderberger Strasse during the first air raid on the district during World War II . The planned attacks on Berlin began in 1943. On November 22 and 23, 1943 alone, around 32,000 people lost their homes in Prenzlauer Berg. An airplane loaded with bombs crashed on the row of houses on the eastern corner of Senefelderplatz and destroyed the entire street block between Kollwitzstrasse, Metzer Strasse, Straßburger Strasse and Belforter Strasse. In August 1944, “all public events of a non-war nature” were banned and “entertainment venues” such as the Prater and the Colosseum were closed. In 1944, through an informer, the SS tracked down a group of war opponents who were using a cistern in the Jewish cemetery at Schönhauser Allee as a hiding place. They were tracked down by the SS and hung from the surrounding trees. In bitter street fighting that dragged on for many days, the Red Army conquered the district at the end of April 1945, coming from the north. On the night of May 2, the remaining Wehrmacht troops attempted a breakthrough with tanks via Schönhauser Allee to the north, which led to fierce battles with the Red Army in the area of ​​the S-Bahn station. On the same day, the combat commander of Berlin, Helmuth Weidling , signed the city's surrender .

Rebuilding

Reopening of the Colosseum , 1957

In 1946, instead of the destroyed Volksbühne, the Prater became a theater for the working population. Three years later, DEFA took over the Prater as the company's first in-house cinema, including for world premieres. The Prater lost this privilege in 1957 to the reopened Colosseum . In November 1947, the district left part of the former parade ground for the final disposal of rubble to the Office for Construction of the City of Berlin. In addition, a stadium and several sports fields were built on the occasion of the World Youth Festival in 1951, which were shortly afterwards named Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Sportpark . In 1950 Danziger Strasse and the elevated station of the same name were renamed Dimitroffstrasse after the Bulgarian communist leader Georgi Dimitrov. The self-service department store Fix was inaugurated in 1957 on the corner of Milastrasse as “the most beautiful and largest of its kind in Berlin and the Republic” . In general, Schönhauser Allee has enjoyed certain privileges since the 1950s , as it served the SED- Obere resident in Niederschönhausen as a route to their workplaces in the city center. In order not to offend the eyes of the GDR politicians and their foreign guests too much, Schönhauser Allee became the first inner-city redevelopment area in 1957 with house modernizations and the closure of vacant lots due to the war. When the functionaries were relocated to the Bernauer Waldsiedlung, this function was transferred to Greifswalder Straße , Schönhauser Allee remained a protocol route, as Schönhausen Palace served as the government's guest house and high-ranking state visitors repeatedly drove through the "Schönhauser".

The Schönhauser Allee near the border

On August 13, 1961, the wall, only a few hundred meters away, turned part of Schönhauser Allee into an area near the border and some of the streets that branched off from it, such as Eberswalder Strasse, to dead ends. Two students of the TU , who were in possession of plans for the sewer system in Gleimstrasse, managed to flee to the west through these five East Berlin fellow students. In 1963, a 100-meter-wide strip east of the wall was declared a border area that only residents were allowed to enter. Visitors or employees in the area now required a pass to gain access .

A renovation of the Schönhauser Allee S-Bahn and U-Bahn station made it much easier to change between the two rail systems from 1962 onwards.

The house of the German-Soviet Friendship at the corner Sredzkistraße was in the same year as the county cultural center Erich Franz reopened. After the Prater also became a district culture center in 1967, the FDJ opened the Franz Club here in 1970 with music and dance events that soon became known beyond Berlin.

Around 1973 a complex reconstruction with block gutting took place in the area around the high station. In 1981 an interdisciplinary working group made up of architects and visual artists developed a design for the redesign of Schönhauser Allee. As a first measure, the group suggested placing trees in pots, creating seating and covering important areas with colored canopies or arcades. The plans met with rejection from the political leadership. In the summer of 1985 the viaduct of the elevated railway in Schönhauser Allee was extensively reconstructed.

The fall of 1989

During the revolution in autumn 1989, the Gethsemane Church on Stargarder Strasse, a few steps away from Schönhauser Allee, became one of the most important centers of resistance in Berlin with intercession services, vigils and peaceful demonstrations. On October 7th, the 40th anniversary of the founding of the GDR, security forces, consisting of units of the VP readiness and employees of the state security , violently struck down a protest march coming from the city center in Schönhauser Allee and arrested countless demonstrators. On November 9, 1989, the GDR leadership opened the wall at the nearby Bornholmer Strasse border crossing . On November 11th, a provisional border crossing was set up in Eberswalder Strasse.

Schönhauser Allee since reunification

Corner of Eberswalder Strasse, July 1991

The buildings at Schönhauser Allee 20/21, which had been almost empty since 1972, were quietly occupied by apprentices, young workers and students in August 1989 to prevent these houses from being demolished. This occupation was made public in December 1989, when the neighboring police station no longer had to fear any major consequences. Just a few days later, Kastanienallee 85/86 and Schönhauser Allee 5 followed. In February, young people occupied the former Westphal liqueur factory on Kollwitzplatz and opened a café a week later, which subsequently became one of the most famous meeting places for the alternative scene in Berlin. In March, the “ Kulturbrauerei e. V. “for the purpose of setting up a multicultural center with art workshops and rooms for initiatives and associations in the former Schultheiss brewery in Schönhauser Allee and Knaackstraße. From 1990 to around 1994, the pirate station Radio P operated by Aljoscha Rompe broadcast from various residential buildings such as Schönhauser Allee No. 5 and No. 20 .

In May 1992 the Kesselhaus in the Kulturbrauerei was opened as a concert and theater stage. A socio-cultural initiative, the Pfefferwerk, also established itself in the former Pfeffer brewery on Senefelderplatz.

While Schönhauser Allee was a popular and lively shopping street during the GDR era, it ran into difficulties after German reunification . Only a few of the long-established businesses survived the enormous rent increases, the transfers back to previous owners, the (at least temporary) migration of regular customers to West Berlin (especially Wedding ) and the loss of customers due to the numerous construction sites. In 1993 there were 30 vacant shops in the northern section of the street (between Dimitroff and Bornholmer Straße).

Konnopke's snack , 2006

On the initiative of West Berlin politicians, the East Berlin underground network was cleared of communist names on the first anniversary of reunification . Since the Prenzlauer Berg district refused to rename Dimitroffstrasse (and thus the Hochbahnhof) back to Danziger Strasse , the station was named after the far less significant, but politically harmless, Eberswalder Strasse . In the following year, the two halves of the former line A were reunited with the recommissioning of the elevated railway in Bülowstraße and the partial new construction of the line between Gleisdreieck and Potsdamer Platz , and continuous traffic on the current U2 line from Ruhleben to Pankow (Vinetastraße) began.

The beer garden of the Prater, which had been closed the year before, was reopened in 1992, the building as the second venue for the Volksbühne in 1994. In 1993, two major projects were tackled in the west of Schönhauser Allee, namely the Max-Schmeling-Halle, which was intended to host the 2000 Olympic Games (inaugurated in 1996), and the Mauerpark on the former border strip between Prenzlauer Berg and Gesundbrunnen . The Colosseum cinema was sold to the film producer Artur Brauner in 1992 , who began building a multiplex cinema ( Cinemaxx ) here in 1996 . The new building integrated components of the old cinema and the former horse tram depot that were found to be worth preserving and was opened in the winter of 1997/1998.

Directly opposite, above the Schönhauser Allee S-Bahn station, construction began in May 1997 on the Schönhauser Allee Arcaden , a new shopping center for the Mfi group and the Bayerische Vereinsbank, which opened in 1999.

Due to rent claims from the owner of the Kulturbrauerei, Treuhandliegenschaftsgesellschaft (TLG), the 27-year-old Franz Club on the corner of Sredzkistraße had to close in July 1997 . In 2004 it was reopened under the name frannz . In contradiction to the contracts concluded with the Colosseum investor Brauner, TLG built another large cinema on the premises of the brewery , from whose profits the other facilities of the Kulturbrauerei were to be subsidized .

Street scene

Schönhauser Gate

New building at Schönhauser Tor from 1995

The direct connection of the Schönhauser Tor to its neighboring gates, the Prenzlauer Tor in the east and the Rosenthaler Tor in the west, took place in the 18th and 19th centuries. Century along the Berlin customs wall across the street in front of the gates , today's Torstrasse .

The southern section of Schönhauser Allee was quieter than the northern part for a long time. By the beginning of the 21st century, many shops were empty, even in new buildings. Since then, a business mix of alternative scene and high demand has established itself here, especially up to the Schwedter Straße. A popular pub scene has developed on the eastern side between Torstrasse and Saarbrücker Strasse. As before, there are also pure residential buildings in the southern section of the street, or those only with medical practices or law firms . From the many war gaps, a number of plots have now been rebuilt.

Particularly the southernmost section has special features, i.e. H. between the Schönhauser Tor and the Schwedter Strasse. The road climbs the edge of the Barnim Plateau with several curves and climbs quite steeply by Berlin standards. Shortly before the confluence with Fehrbelliner Strasse is the Catholic Herz-Jesu-Kirche .

Senefelderplatz

Monument to Alois Senefelder on Senefelderplatz

The adjoining Senefelderplatz on the edge of the Kollwitzkiez has the shape of a pointed triangle pointing south. It is covered by a green area with trees, on which the monument of the inventor of lithography , Alois Senefelder , made of Carrara marble , created by the Berlin sculptor Rudolf Pohle , stands. The pharmacist August Wilhelm Adolph Bullrich built a soap and perfume factory on property 167 and manufactured baking soda as his invention, Bullrich salt. This triangle was rebuilt with tenement houses after 1880 and was initially named Thusneldaplatz after the daughter of the Cheruscan prince Segestes . The square was later redesigned according to Hermann Mächtig's plans and renamed Senefelderplatz in 1896, four years after the monument was unveiled. The changes in the square resulted from the construction of the subway, the destruction of the Second World War and the time-related decline. In 1994/1995 the Senate initiated extensive renovation work on the square, above all the sculpture of the monument and a historical public lavatory in the shape of a rotunda , a so-called “ Café Achteck ” ( location ). The until then only provisional barrier to the direct entrance from Schönhauser Allee to Kollwitzstraße was permanently expanded and included as part of the design of the square.

Since the renovation, the cafes located here have enjoyed a lively influx of guests during the day. The scenery is also animated in the evening by the guests of the Pfefferberg cultural center on the west side of the square and the surrounding pubs. The green area of ​​Senefelderplatz itself is hardly used, as the heavy traffic on Schönhauser Allee reduces the quality of stay here. The open and green space north of the square, which was created by the war damage, has been built on with residential buildings and a hostel again since 2007 . There begins Judengang that goes behind the Jewish cemetery to the Kollwitzplatz along.

This is followed by the quietest section of the avenue with the former police section in the former Jewish old people's home , the Jewish cemetery and the opposite complex of elementary school, special school and children's theater. Opposite the confluence of Wörther Straße is the Evangelical Church of Blessing. This is followed on both sides of the street by pure residential buildings in the 1950s row construction.

Corner of Sredzkistraße

The subway emerges from the central promenade of the street and immediately swings up to its famous elevated viaduct. The very other northern half of Schönhauser Allee begins where the elevated railway reaches its highest level, i.e. shortly before the confluence with Kastanienallee.

Crossing Danziger / Eberswalder Straße

Panorama of the intersection of Schönhauser Allee with Danziger Strasse / Eberswalder Strasse, v. l. To the right: confluence with Eberswalder Straße, Schönhauser Allee to the north (with high station), Pappelallee, confluence with Danziger Straße, Schönhauser Allee to the south (with “ Konnopke's Imbiß ”), Kastanienallee, 2009

Approximately at the level of house numbers 40 (east side) and 146 (west side), Schönhauser Allee becomes a lively shopping street. From the left, Kastanienallee joins the street, which - in addition to the Berlin Prater  , a few steps away from the intersection - brings heavy pedestrian traffic and two tram lines . One of these tram lines (line 12) goes straight on into Pappelallee, the other (metro line M1) follows at the foot of the elevated railway viaduct, the Schönhauser Allee. This parallel traffic repeatedly gave rise to plans to shut down the tram here. Another tram line crosses Schönhauser Allee in the course of Danziger and Eberswalder Strasse, the M10 line that describes a quarter circle around downtown Berlin .

Until May 28, 2006 the tram line M10 ended after about 200 meters in Eberswalder Straße, because the Berlin Wall ran here until 1989 . Since then, the train has continued five stops to the Nordbahnhof S-Bahn station . The rebuilt extension of the line in the adjoining Bernauer Straße runs exactly along the district border between Pankow and Mitte.

Across from the confluence with Kastanienallee, under the elevated railway viaduct, there is the famous snack stand of the Konnopke family , now run by the fourth generation, and a small, enclosed “garden”.

Between Eberswalder Straße and Ringbahn

Viaduct on the central promenade, 2015

To the north of this intersection, Schönhauser Allee runs in a relatively straight line with the elevated railway viaduct in the middle of the street. Apart from the Jahn-Sportpark, which has a corner on Schönhauser Allee and interrupts the house front for about 100 meters, the street here is characterized by a closed street scene. On its eastern side, the Schönhauser runs past the Bremer Höhe and Gneiststrasse . The latter is often chosen as the original location for feature film productions because of its consistently preserved old building.

The Colosseum cinema with ten cinemas on the corner of Gleimstrasse and the Schönhauser-Allee-Arcaden shopping center are in the area of ​​the Schönhauser Allee S-Bahn and U-Bahn station .

Schönhauser Allee Arcaden

The shopping center at the S-Bahn and U-Bahn station Schönhauser Allee with a facade made of metal and Kelheim limestone (left)

On March 3, 1999, the Schönhauser Allee Arcaden shopping center opened above the Schönhauser Allee S-Bahn station. After several increases during the planning phase, 25,000 m² of sales area was created with an investment volume of 240 million marks . Before the renovation, there was a large marketplace with retailers on the site of Schönhauser Allee Arcaden.

The German Post AG maintains here since it opened a branch. Four post offices in the vicinity (including the former post office Schönhauser Allee between Mila- and Gaudystrasse) were closed in this context. Three other major tenants are a supermarket, a grocery discounter and an electronics wholesale market. Around 90 retail stores as well as services and restaurants are distributed around these. For some years now, part of the office space above the shopping arcade has been used as a fitness studio . The operator of Schönhauser Allee Arcaden is mfi Management für Immobilien .

Memorial plaques

Directly on the road bridge over the S-Bahn and long-distance train tracks, there are bronze memorial plaques on the wall , made by the artist Günter Schütz . The passers-by are reminded of the time of National Socialism and the end of the war with the following words (in four languages):

"All of you who hurry by here do
honor to
those who have fallen so that you may live."

  • Memorial plaque series,
    part of resistance

  • Memorial plaque series,
    part of war

  • Memorial plaque series,
    part of Prenzlauer Berg in flames

  • Memorial plaque series,
    part liberation

At Arthur Sodtke (1901-1944), of the resistance group around Robert Uhrig introduced joined and his apartment at Schönhauser Allee 39b for secret party meeting of the KPD available, ibid is remembered with a plaque mounted in 1958.

The German resistance fighter Ferdinand Thomas (1913-1944) from the group around Anton Saefkow was also commemorated at his house in the Schönhauser Allee 134b in 1957 with a plaque of honor. It was restored in 1984 and 1989, but has been considered stolen since summer 1996.

The Schönhauser Allee in art, literature, music and film

  • Berlin - Ecke Schönhauser… is a DEFA film from 1957, the screenplay was written by Wolfgang Kohlhaase and the director was his friend Gerhard Klein . The main actors are a group of young people who spend their free time under the elevated railway viaduct of Schönhauser Allee.
  • When the lights glow in the Schönhauser is a hit from the 1950s by Julia Axen and Heinz Schultze .
  • Spring in the Schönhauser in 1971 was a great success for the singer Barbara Thalheim . The song was reissued in 2004 by the band Nylon .
  • Longing for the Schönhauser , also by Barbara Thalheim, was published in 1985.
  • Schönhauser Allee is the name of a volume of short stories by the Russian writer Wladimir Kaminer , who lives in the street and which mainly deals with this street and its inhabitants (Goldmann, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-442-54168-9 )
  • Berlin corners and edges. The Schönhauser Allee. Documentation, Germany, 45 min., 2011, script and direction: Christel Sperlich, production: rbb , first broadcast: June 15, 2011, a. a. with Ulrich Enzensberger , Ursula Werner , Wladimir Kaminer, who talk about the frequent changes in shops and tenants and regret the bourgeoisisation of the workers 'and artists' quarter.
  • Leben an der Schönhauser is an art-in-building project that was realized in 2012 and 2013 by the artists Julia Brodauf and Felix Müller . It addresses gentrification and the associated changes in the Prenzlauer Berg district through memory fragments that are attached to over 30 murals in the Schönhauser Allee 52 property.
  • Film by Thomas Zimolong in the rbb series Mysterious Places (2013).

literature

  • Barbara Felsmann, Annett Gröschner (Eds.): Prenzlauer Berg through room. A Berlin artist social history in self-reports. Lukas Verlag , Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-931836-11-8 , excerpts from Google Books .
  • Michael Lachmann: Experience the S-Bahn - Berlin seen from the train . Argon, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-87024-423-2 .
  • Christiane Theiselmann: Prenzlauer Berg - district guide . Argon, Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-87024-412-7 .
  • From market place to metropolis - Berlin in historical city maps from over 300 years . Commented by Michael S. Cullen and Uwe Kieling. Argon, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-87024-296-5 .
  • Jan Gympel: Krummeouren - With the tram through Berlin . Elefanten Press, Berlin 1992, ISBN 3-88520-438-X .
  • Monument Preservation Association Berlin Local Transport (Ed.): U2 - History (s) from the underground . Society for Transport Policy and Railways (GVE) e. V., Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-89218-032-6 .
  • Klaus Grosinski: Prenzlauer Berg - A Chronicle . Ed .: Kulturamt Prenzlauer Berg - Museum for local history and urban culture. 2nd ext. Edition. Dietz, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-320-02151-1 (with 101 illustrations and a map).
  • Hans-Werner Klünner: S- and U-Bahn architecture in Berlin . Berlin 1985 (catalog for the exhibition of the same name by the Senator for Building and Housing, July 1985).

Web links

Commons : Schönhauser Allee  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ For the exact course of the border see: Office for Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg: Representation of the districts of Berlin. Berlin, May 2012. Digital map of the districts at the Senate Department for Urban Development ( fbinter.stadt-berlin.de , accessed on December 1, 2012).
  2. ↑ Senate Department for Urban Development: Representation of the terrain heights based on the digital terrain model (DGM 5) (SenStadt III C) . Digital map of terrain heights 2009 ( fbinter.stadt-berlin.de accessed on December 1, 2012).
  3. ↑ Schönhauser Allee. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near  Kaupert )
  4. ↑ Senate Department for Urban Development / StEP Verkehr project group: mobil2010. Urban development plan for traffic in Berlin. Berlin, July 2003
  5. ↑ Senate Department for Urban Development (Berlin traffic control, road traffic surveys VLB C 11): Road traffic census Berlin 2005. Traffic volume map for the entire network
  6. ↑ Senate Department for Urban Development (Traffic Control Berlin, Road Traffic Surveys VII A 44): Road traffic census 1998, results report. Sheet II.3, DTV-WT
  7. ^ The Police President in Berlin : Traffic accident statistics on berlin.de, accessed on July 14, 2016
  8. ↑ Green arrow for cyclists: Berlin starts pilot project. April 5, 2019, accessed April 5, 2019 .
  9. ↑ a b Rolf Gänsrich: drove When Goethe on Schonhauser . Prenzlberg Views, August 2013, p. 7. It is quoted from Klaus Grosinski: Prenzlauer Berg - a Chronicle. Dietz-Verlag, Berlin 2008.
  10. ↑ a b c d Ralf Gänsrich: King Friedrich II had 5 windmills built . In: Prenzlberg Views, 21st year, September 2013, p. 8.
  11. ↑ JGA Ludwig Helling (ed.): Historical-statistical-topographical pocket book of Berlin and its immediate surroundings . HAW Logier, Berlin 1830. books.google.com . Retrieved December 20, 2011.
  12. ↑ The history of the Berlin Prater. Drinks menu. Restaurant Prater (Ed.), Berlin undated
  13. ↑ a b Jörg Krüger: Berlin beer historically. mueggelland.net, accessed July 19, 2012.
  14. ^ Robert Springer: Berlin. A guide to the city and its surroundings. Leipzig 1861. p. 85. ( books.google.de accessed on July 19, 2012).
  15. ^ Helmut Zschocke: The Berlin excise wall. Berlin 2007. p. 113. ( books.google.de accessed on July 19, 2012).
  16. ↑ Old tape cassette found - Radio P, 2./3. October 1990 ( Memento of February 12, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) .
  17. ↑ Broadcast from Radio P on SoundCloud .
  18. ↑ Dealer: “Schönhauser Allee will not become a dead street”. In: Berliner Zeitung , March 4, 1999
  19. ↑ Schönhauser Allee: A concept works . In: Der Tagesspiegel , November 3, 2001
  20. ↑ Stefanie Endlich, Nora Goldenbogen, Beatrix Herlemann , Monika Kahl, Regina Scheer: Memorials for the Victims of National Socialism - A Documentation , Volume II. Federal Agency for Civic Education , Bonn 1999
  21. ^ Website of the project "Leben an der Schönhauser". Retrieved April 24, 2013
  22. ↑ Juliane Wiedemeier: The tenants before you. Prenzlauer Berg Nachrichten, 2013 . Retrieved April 24, 2013
This version was added to the list of excellent articles on January 22, 2005 .

Coordinates: 52 ° 32 ′ 27.5 "  N , 13 ° 24 ′ 43.5"  E