Digging stone

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Virgil von Graben from the Sommeregger line , with which the family reached its peak at the beginning of the 16th century

Graben von Stein (also Graben zum Stein, von Graben , vom Graben , von (dem) Graben, ab dem Graben , Grabner , as well as from Thal or de Valle , incorrectly also from Groeben, de Groben ) is the name of a widely ramified noble-free ( dynastic ) Family, which belonged to the Austrian nobility . The 1170 first time in Krain mentioned sex came to Gorizia Meinhardi leaders of Meinhardiner - Dynasty and became extinct at the end of the 18th century.

The Lords of Graben include the old Austrian family Orsini-Rosenberg , which still exists today , and according to older sources also the (De) Graeff family, who are mainly based in the Netherlands . A tribal equality with the noble family von Lamberg, also from Carniola, is uncertain because of the identical coat of arms . The coats of arms of the Lords of Graben were also taken over by the imperial counts Jörger von Tollet († 1772), Stadel-Kornberg († 1882) and Leublfing zu R (h) ain († 1893 and 1985) as well as the barons Rain zu Sommeregg († around 1600).

The Lords of Graben had extensive land holdings, fiefs and areas of influence in Carniola, Styria, Lower Austria, Carinthia, Gorizia, Salzburg, Tyrol and South Tyrol as well as in Franconia and Switzerland. As a result, the family was divided into several lines and branches, of which the Kornberger line in Styria, the second Lower Austrian line of Grabner , and the Sommeregger line in Carinthia were the most important. These three lines reached their climax in power politics in the 15th and 16th centuries, when they served as provincial governors, burgraves , fiefdoms, officials, captains and councilors in the Habsburg service, as well as in those of the Counts of Cilli and Meinhardin Counts of Gorizia . In spite of this, all lines of the moat were only ever of the knight class , but never of the gentry class .

The grain Berger line was from 1456 to 1564 in the possession of the important rule Marburg , the upper Marburg , the Office Marburg an Drava and the Marburg Castle . The genealogist Bucelin names members of this line as Baro (nissa) , although no increase in the (free) master class is known. The second Lower Austrian line of the Grabner zu Rosenburg had extensive property with the Rosenburg and Pottenbrunn as well as in Moravia and was one of the advocates of Protestantism during the Reformation in Lower Austria. In the 16th century, the Grabner Rosenburg made a center of the Austrian Reformation history . In the course of the 16th and early 17th centuries, the Grabner were among the richest and most respected families in Austria and one of the dominant Protestant noble families in the country. The Sommeregger line , which came from the Kornberg line , was also active as burgraves and lords of Sommeregg in Carinthia between 1442 and 1536 , and was the most important family at the court of the Meinhardins of Gorizia in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. From this line, Virgil von Graben should be named, who played an important diplomatic role under the Gorizia counts and the Habsburg emperors, also because he brought the principality of Gorizia to the Habsburgs after the Meinhardins died out .

history

Origin from Carniola

Graben Castle in 1679

The Lords of Graben were natural sons of the Counts of Gorizia. The two Meinhardin (Palatinate) Counts Meinhard I (* around 1070; † 1142) and Engelbert I of Gorizia († 1122) could be considered as ancestral lords. An additional source mentions a male descent from the house of the Orsini (Boboni) in connection with a female from the Meinhardin family. Older sources name various additional, unprovable theories on the descent from the family of the Burgraves of Lienz on the one hand and from the Lords of Walsee on the other hand , whereby only the Kornberger Graben with the shovel coat of arms would be considered.

It was first mentioned by name in 1170 when Meinhard's or Engelbert's grandsons, the brothers Conrad vom Graben and Grisold (Grimoald), owned the Graben family castle not far from Rudolfswerth ( Novo mesto ) in what was then " Mittelkrain ". The von Graben family is said to be named after the deep moat, on the edge of which a tower was initially built. Interestingly, a Konrad de Valle is also mentioned in 1159, who has been proven to belong to the Konradinian line on the Graben in Graz , which was first documented in 1259 with Konrad I. vom Graben (De Valle, Grabner) . Since Conrad vom Graben often appeared in Styrian documents, it could be one and the same person.

The noble family von Lamberg , also rooted in Carniola, bore the same coat of arms as the Carniolan and Carinthian (but not the Styrian) Graben. It is unclear whether this is a tribal equality, a descent from one another, or the coats of arms of both sexes of their feudal lords. In any case, the two sexes were related in later times, which in the 17th century also led to inheritance disputes over the rule of Stein in Carinthia.

  • Family coat of arms with the oblique left bar

  • Main coat of arms with the variant of the diagonal right bar

  • Family coat of arms of those of Lamberg

The Styrian lines

Conradin line

Coats of arms variants of the Lords of Graben, Konradinische Linie ; Konrad I. vom Graben (died 1307) and Ulrich vom Graben (died 1456) with the inclined beam coat of arms. Cunrad de Valle seals with a "left sloping bar" on May 23, 1289, while Ulrich Grabner, the grandson of Konrad's brother Walther, seals with a right sloping bar for comparison (blue-silver in the colors)

Although Conrad vom Graben (named 1170) was a Krainer nobleman, he was often documented as a sealer and witness in the area of ​​the Duchy of Styria. His direct descendants are described as living only in Styria , so that the family of the Lords of Graben was subsequently able to spread increasingly in the Styrian regions. In 1203 a Rapoto vom Graben and 1222 a Rudolph von der Graben are mentioned, both of which were sealed with the inclined beam coat of arms.

A line of the Lords of Graben that emerged in the middle of the 13th century was first mentioned on January 19, 1259 with the brothers Konrad I. vom Graben (as Chunradt de Valle ) and Walther vom Graben (Walter). They were citizens of the city of Graz, but knightly class ( milites ). Konrad was first mentioned in 1268 under the name of von dem Graben , and was sealed on May 23, 1289 in Graz as Chunrad de Valle with the left sloping beam coat of arms. The family had several spellings, for example Walter only calls himself de Valle in Latin documents , and only Grabner in German documents , but never Thal or Graben . These names are considered synonyms and were alternately carried, used and assigned by the family.

The line starting from Konrad I from the Graben is called the Konradinische Linie am Graben . It was named in and around Graz in Styria, and it was sealed with the inclined-beam coat of arms. The family acquired the area of ​​today's Grazer Grabenstrasse or the western slopes of the Rosenberg down to the Mur and the seat of Hof am Graben . The area was named "Am Graben" (Graben suburb) after the Lords of Graben from 1294. The ditch on ditch at that time were followers of the originally from Swabia Lords of Walsee ; as such, the brothers Hermann and Burkhard von Graben appear as witnesses in 1284 in a document from the Lords of Walsee and the Heggbach Monastery in Upper Swabia in what is now Baden-Württemberg. They were also subenberg feudal people and associated with the Rein monastery . This tradition was also adopted by the Kornberg lineage .

Konrad I. vom Graben had the Alt-Grabenhofen Castle built between the Reinerkogel and the Rosenberg on the corner of today's Grazer Grabenstrasse and Hochsteingasse . In addition to the first owner Konrad I, his brothers Rennewart from the Graben in 1294 and Walther from the Graben († before 1331) between 1278 and 1321 were mentioned in a document. Konrad's son Konrad II vom (from the) Graben († around 1325) had four sons: Konrad III., Reinprecht III. (the older one) , Haitzlein and Nicklein ab dem Graben, all four were first mentioned in 1325.

At the beginning of the 14th century, the Konradinian line sprang up through the sons of Ulrich I. von Graben (also Grabner), the Kornberg line and through Otto Grabner (Otto von Graben) the second Lower Austrian line of Grabner .

The male line of the Herren vom Graben am Graben became extinct after 1468 with the death of Reinprechts IV vom Graben (the younger) . The Hof am Graben went through Reinprecht's cousin Affra Hann, b. vom Graben (Grabner) († before 1458) by inheritance to the Hann and the Lords of Fladnitz . Gut and Schloss Alt-Grabenhofen came as a whole, or only in part, to the Lords of Graben of the Kornberg line , which went out on April 14, 1556 with Andrä von Graben in the male line. At least part of the estate passed from him to his hereditary sister Anna von Graben and her husband Christoph von Stadl, ancestors of the later imperial counts Von Stadel-Kornberg .

Nowadays, in addition to the Grabenvorstadt, Dem Graben, Grabenstrasse in Graz also commemorates the Lords of Graben there.

Thaler branch

The ancestors of the Konradinian line , the aforementioned brothers Walter and Konrad vom Graben, called themselves de Valle, ie von Thal , in 1259 , and owned an estate or other property not far from Graz, from which the name of today's municipality of Thal comes. The box book of the Rein monastery from 1450 reports "Subscripti habent fraternitatem: de Valle videlicet von dem Graben". The brothers must have shared their property; Konrad kept Am Graben in Graz with the Rosenberg and Alt-Grabenhofen, and Walter kept the one in Thal. there they built the Unterthal Castle in the middle of the 13th century . The historian Hans Pirchegger reports that this branch appears for the last time in 1307 under Von Thal in a document, but mentions that the Lords of Graben in Thal were estranged until 1341. One of the descendants, Fritzel der, sold this year Grabner, the estate or parts of it to Konrad the Windischgräzer from the Windisch-Graetz family . That Fritzel also owned a [fortified] farm in Pfaffstetten [a lost village near Graz], which he sold to Konrad von Plankenwart in the same year . Among other things, there are seals with the oblique right bar from 1293 and 1393.

Rosenberger branch (Orsini-Rosenberg)

The noble family of Orsini-Rosenberg was first mentioned in a document on September 6, 1322 with Konrad ab dem Rosenberg [identical with Konrad II vom (ab dem) Graben from the Konradinian line or one of his close relatives] (original in the Styrian Provincial Archives Graz) . Another document is in the archive of the Graben's house monastery , the Rein Abbey, not far from Graz . That Konrad came from a resident member of the von Graben family who took the name of the castle "Rosenberg". Konrad ab dem Rosenberg and his descendants, the Rosenberger or Rosenberger von Rosenberg , sealed the seal until the 16th century instead of the rose coat of arms with the inclined beam coat of arms of the (Graz) lords of Graben.

The Rosenbergs were not richly wealthy and belonged to the knighthood and stayed around the Rosenberg until the 16th century. At the beginning of this century the brothers Georg and Ulrich Rosenberger took part in the campaigns against the Hungarians and Turks, and thereby forfeited a large part of their fortune. Georg's son Maximilian Rosenberger († 1550), nicknamed prodigus , forfeited the remaining assets and sold his goods to Herberstein in 1530 . His son Ulrich Rosenberger († 1599) entered service in Salzburg , became a carer in St. Andrä in Lavanttal , and thus became the ancestor of the Carinthian Rosenberger. His only son was Andreas Rosenberger (1566–1617), his son Johann Andreas von Rosenberg (1600–1667) was the actual founder of the Orsini-Rosenberg family. He was an important Catholic nobleman, an estate burgrave of Klagenfurt, and was raised to baron "Rosenberger von Rosenberg, Freiherr auf Lerchenau" in 1633 and count in 1648 . His descendants received the hereditary imperial count status in 1681 and the imperial prince status in Primogenitur in 1790 .

  • Coat of arms of Count Orsini-Rosenberg

Kornberger line

Kornberg Castle
The brothers Wolfgang, Andree (both † 1521) and Wilhelm von Graben († 1523), who had converted to Protestantism, and his wife Magdalena von Stubenberg ; Lords of Kornberg, Marburg, Obermarburg and Marburg Castle on the Drau ( Maribor )

Ulrich I. von Graben († before 1325), whose parents are unknown and who, according to sources, had no paternal inheritance, is considered to be the progenitor of the Kornberg line of the Lords of Graben (also called Grabner ), but as Walsee Vassal ( also of the Conradinian line ) could quickly generate a large fortune, but was not yet owned by Kornberg. From his widow Gertrud von Graben (Gertravt Grabnerin) her coat of arms seal with sloping beam from 1331 has been preserved. Ulrich and his descendants were also closely related to the Rein monastery in the Conradin line . Ulrich I was the first burgrave of Gleichenberg between 1302 and 1324 , who presumably had also directed the construction of the castle and was able to hold this office in the Graben family. His son Ulrich II also owned the family castle Graben in Carniola. The brothers Otto I. , Ulrich II. And Friedrich I. , also burgraves of Gleichenberg, jointly acquired the lordship and the Kornberg Castle from Friedrich Kornberger, including the coat of arms and accessories , in 1328 . They were the only ones in the Styrian ditch with a different coat of arms. This takeover of a new coat of arms due to the new ownership, the one with the shovel, the spade, could provide the explanation of the different gender coat of arms of the Kornberger Graben and their origins in Lower Austria, Tyrol and the Netherlands (but not in Carinthia and East Tyrol). The grain Berger line was next to the later derived from this, Sommeregger line in Carinthia and the Lower Austrian line of Grabner on Rosenburg probably the most important of the Lords of the trench.

In 1456, Friedrich II. Von Graben and his son Ulrich III. von Graben in the possession of the important rule Marburg including the Obermarburg ; furthermore the office of Marburg an der Drau and the Marburg Castle . This was awarded to him as an imperial fiefdom in a legal dispute with Wolfgang von Walsee . Friedrich II was, among other things, imperial councilor, commissioner and assessor of the Reich Chamber Court. Ulrich III. is to be mentioned as the most important family member of the Kornberger line . He was a loyal supporter and councilor of Emperor Friedrich III. , Burgrave of Marburg and Graz as well as governor and governor of Styria. The genealogist Gabriel Bucelin titled Ulrich III. in his work "Germania topo-chrono-stemmato-graphica sacra et prophana" as a baron , although no elevation of Von Grabens to the (free) master class is known.

After the Conradinian line of the Lords of the Graben am Graben (in and around Graz) with Reinprecht IV. Vom Graben after 1468, the Alt-Grabenhofen estate and possibly other goods Am Graben came to the Kornberg Line through inheritance .

In 1483 Wolfgang von Graben is reported in Holland, from which the Graeff / De Graeff family derives its descent. The family (De) Graeff has carried the Graeffsche / Grabensche (trunk) coat of arms with the silver spade on a red background and the silver bird on a blue background since the adopted Graben son Pieter Graeff (* around 1484). In 1677 Emperor Leopold I granted the Amsterdam regent Andries de Graeff and his son Cornelis the status of Austrian knighthood . The Dutch Nieuw Nederlandsch Biographisch Woordenboek is unsure of this ancestry.

In 1520, the brothers Andree , Wilhelm and the assumed Graeff master, Wolfgang von Graben, were named as the last family members of the entire Herren von Graben as owners of the family castle in Krain.

The last members of the Kornberg line were the Protestant Andrä von Graben (until 1556) and his sister Anna von Graben (until 1564), through whom the Graben property with the important splendors of Kornberg, Obermarburg, Marburg Castle and Oberradkersburg but also goods such as Grabenhofen and the coat of arms passed to the Lords of Stadl (1708 Counts of Stadel-Kornberg ) through inheritance . The First Lower Austrian Line , the First Tyrolean Line (North Tyrol) and the Sommeregger Line (Carinthia, Lienz, East Tyrol) were founded from the Kornberg Line . The second Lower Austrian line of the Grabner came from the Konradinian line because of the coat of arms used .

  • Coat of arms of the Graeff / De Graeff family

  • Coat of arms of the barons von Stadl on Kornberg

First Lower Austrian Line (Graben)

Members and lineages of this sex were also at home and wealthy in Lower Austria between 1324 and 1421 . Most of them lived and were wealthy in Kornberg and Styria, but they also owned various properties in Lower Austria. Before 1324 Ulrich I. von Graben , the ancestor of the Kornberg line described above from Janssen (Hans) Radler von Sichtenberg, acquired a farm near Loosdorf . His sons, who were wealthy in Lower Austria, were Nikolaus, Heinrich and Martin von Graben. Niklas (Nikolaus) and Heinrich vom Graben (also Heinrich in den Graben) appear in various documents in 1350 and 1356, including the Melk Abbey . Heinrich and Ulrich II. Von Graben were notarized as lords of the small Graben estate near Würmla . Martin von Graben sealed in 1366, in 1374 the brothers Ulrich, Conrad, Heinrich and Otto von Graben sold goods near Neusiedl am Tullnerfeld . The Kornberger Friedrich I. von Graben in an inheritance contract with Niclas von Roggendorf in 1383. Nikolaus son Otto II. Von Graben zu Kornberg received several fiefs from Hermann von Cilli in 1402 near Hnernstein. His son Wolfgang von Graben sat between 1405 and 1421 at Kuffarn Castle (Khueffarn) near Maria Laach am Jauerling . Furthermore, an unassignable Abel von Graben is mentioned in 1361 as Lord von Zwingendorf in the following of the Kuenringer . The above-mentioned Wolfgang von Graben was the last of his line in Lower Austria. Interestingly, his Gut Kuffarn, resp. the district court in 1491 through the sale of the Neideggern to Jakob and Christoph Grabner of the second Lower Austrian line of Grabner, who emigrated to Franconia in 1618 or 1619 and died out in the middle of the 17th century. (see Second Lower Austrian Line, Grabner )

Their coat of arms seal is mentioned as follows: A sloping shovel without a handle, two buffalo horns on the helmet . With the buffalo horns and the shovel, this coat of arms represents a combination of the main coat of arms with the sloping bar (main line in Carniola and Konradinische line Am Graben in and around Graz) and the shovel coat of arms ( Kornberger line ).

Second Lower Austrian line of the Grabner family

Coat of arms of the Grabner zu Rosenberg (Rosenburg) (from 1487), sloping beam of the Conradinian line , but different helmet decorations with wings instead of buffalo horns and / or ostrich feathers

The Grabner, Grabner zu (von) Rosenburg , presumably tribe of the same tribe as the trenches of the First Lower Austrian Line , were first mentioned in 1314 when Otto Grabner (probably one of the Graben from the Conradinian line in Styria) in 1314 from Friedrich Radler zu Stichtenberg fiefs of Stallersdorf (room St. Pölten) and was enfeoffed by Duke Friedrich of Austria. The Grabner initially carried the coat of arms (a blue sloping bar in white; crest with buffalo horns) that Ulrich I von Graben also carried, whose son Nikolaus von Graben founded the First Lower Austrian Line . The Grabner zu Rosenburg were wealthy in Lower Austria ( Rosenburg , Pottenbrunn , Obersiebenbrunn , Zägging , Judenau , Schlickendorf , Zellerndorf etc.) as well as in Moravia ( Joslowitz ) and were among the richest [in the course of the 16th and early 17th centuries] and most respected families in Austria, and among the dominant Protestant noble families in the country.

In 1487 the brothers Jakob and Christoph Grabner came into possession of the Rosenburg (then Rosenberg). Christoph's son Sebastian I. Grabner zu Rosenburg († 1535) turned to Protestantism from the 1520s / 1530s and from 1534 had appointed Lutheran preachers in his dominions in Pottenbrunn and Zägging (Zagging) . Leopold Grabner zu Rosenburg († 1583) was one of the most ardent disseminators of Martin Luther's teachings and made Rosenburg an important center of Protestantism in Austria. His son Sebastian II Grabner zu Rosenburg († 1610) was also an influential nobleman and promoter of the Protestant faith. Between 1593 and 1597 he had the medieval castle converted into a splendid Renaissance castle for the immense sum of 50,000 guilders . In 1604 he had to sell the Rosenburg to his relative Hans Jörger von Tollet due to high debts . In 1608 Sebastian Grabner and his older son Johann Leopold Grabner zu Rosenburg († before 1610) were among the signatories of the Horner Bund , the union of the Protestant estates from Lower Austria, Moravia and Upper Austria. Due to religious disputes, Sebastian Grabner's younger son Friedrich Christoph Grabner immigrated to Rosenburg in 1618 or 1619 to Regensburg and on to Franconia . With his childless death, the Grabner line died out in the middle of the century. The Grabner family's goods were either already confiscated (Pottenbrunn) or had to be sold, which probably applied to Judenau, Schlickendorf and Joslowitz.

The members of Grabner Roseburg were exclusively to despite their importance knighthood belong, but were in their heyday in the 16th and early 17th century almost exclusively marriages with members of the Lord stand , speak barons or counts, one. The Kuefstein , Herberstein , Firmian , Teufel , Jörger von Tollet , Sinzendorf and Polheim should be mentioned here . Through the Polheimers, they were also closely related to other leading families of the Habsburg monarchy such as the Abensberg-Traun , Salm or Althann ; in addition, the Grabnerisch-Polheimsche Deszendenz came from the houses of Öttingen , Borsselen and Bourbon-Montpensier , descendants of King Louis the Saint of France.

The daughter of Georg Grabner zu Rosenburg (named from 1537; † 1562), Elisabeth Grabner von Rosenburg and Zägging, was married to Helmhard Jörger zu Tollet, and by means of the Zägging rule also brought the Grabner coat of arms with the sloping beam into the Jörger coat of arms from Tollet.

According to Siebmacher, their increased coat of arms is described as follows:

  • Coat of arms: a blue crossbar (diagonal bar) in the silver shield; on the stech helmet with the blue-silver helmet covers a closed silver flight with the blue crossbar .
  • Increased coat of arms: Silver shield split lengthways by a narrow golden line, a rafter in the right half, a blue diagonal bar in the left half. Two crowned helmets: on the right the closed white flight with the blue diagonal bar; on the left two buffalo horns divided horizontally, silver-tinged. Helmet covers: right blue silver; left silver .

  • Jörger's coat of arms with the Grabner's sloping beam

First Tyrolean line

Coat of arms of the First Tyrolean Line (Archive Matthias Laurenz Gräff)

Leonhard (Lienhart, Linhart) von Graben, a son of Friedrich II. Von Graben from the Kornberg line , who was mentioned in 1441, is considered the first lord of the first Tyrolean line . The family of von Graben was also entered in the Tyrolean nobility register between 1514 and 1519, when they last appeared at the Landtag . Nothing more is known about these members and their work. The Von Graben in Switzerland ( Swiss line ) carried the same coat of arms, with which an ancestry is assumed. The two younger Tyrolean lines, which were based in North Tyrol, came from family members of the Sommergger line .

Swiss line

The lords of Graben may also have had origins of this name in Switzerland , which had the same coat of arms as the First Tyrolean Line . Siebmacher is one of the Swiss . This coat of arms is also registered in the coat of arms book of the city of Aarau - Contains the seals and coats of arms of the families civilized in Aarau until 1798 (published 1917) by Walther Merz (1868–1938). The blazon is listed as follows: Golden spade rising in red with a silver handle. The people of this Swiss line also worked in Aarau before 1772/1798.

The Carinthian and Görzian lines

Sommeregger line

Sommeregg
Variant of the coat of arms of the Lords of Graben from the Sommeregger line (coat of arms of Andreas II von Graben in the Lienz Sankt Michaelskirche from 1531)

The Sommeregger line of the Lords of Graben (also called and recorded as Grabner) in Carinthia and the County of Görz (Lienz, East Tyrol) was regarded as one of the two most important lines of the family alongside the Kornberg line in the course of the 15th and 16th centuries .

This line is named after the lordship and burgraviate Sommeregg in Carinthia. Its founder, Andreas von Graben zu Sommeregg ( descending from the Kornberg line , and a brother of Leonhard von Graben, the founder of the First Tyrolean Line in North Tyrol) had a different coat of arms than the Kornberger Graben (but with the white and blue inclined bar of the line in Carniola and the Konradinian line in Styria) and was married to the Sommeregger heir-daughter Barbara von Hallegg . Andreas von Graben was the captain of the County of Ortenburg in the service of the Counts of Cilli , who in 1442 Sommeregg confirmed an inheritable fiefdom. The Sommergger line again carried the inclined beam coat of arms , like the trench trunk line at Graben Castle in Carniola and the Konradinian line Am Graben in and around Graz. With the takeover of Andreas von Graben, the Sommeregg Regional Court became independent from the County of Ortenburg. It had clearly defined boundaries, which extended to the Millstätter See and Seebach in the south, to the Lieser in the west, to the Pleßnitzgraben in the north and to the Tschiernock and Tangerner Bach in the east. Within this regional court, the Sommeregg rule was not only responsible for its own farmers, but also for those farmers from the manors of Gmünd , Spittal an der Drau , Millstatt , the Lieseregg parish and various smaller estates.

Due to the political activities of Andreas son Virgil von Graben († 1507), the family was able to achieve greater importance in the city of Lienz in addition to its focus on Sommeregg . At the time of the last Counts of Görz she held important offices and through her work also helped the Renaissance culture to move into East Tyrol. In the 15th and early 16th centuries, the family was considered to be the most important clan in Lienz and at the Count's court of the Gorizia there; Despite being a knight, she was surrounded by a “feudal aura” due to her close relationship with Count Leonhard von Görz and her sophisticated lifestyle. After the counts of Gorizia died out, they administered Lienz and East Tyrol as their successors as governors and burgraves, which they also did for the Habsburgs . In Lienz they built the Sankt Michaelskirche , which served them as a burial place, and where commemorative masses are still held today in honor of the Lords of Graben. In the Lienzer Schweizergasse there is the coat of arms of the Graben with a brazen snake, which was considered a sign of high court . Rudolf Granichstaedten-Czerva wrote about them:

“The Lords of Graben, who mined for gold in the Lienz mountains, are best preserved of all Lienz noble families in the memory of the Lienz people. At every step you come across her family coat of arms, which is emblazoned on many houses, on two churches, on numerous gravestones as well as in the forests, alpine pastures and on boundary stones around Lienz (note: the heraldic stones of Andreas II von Graben can still be found today in the wooded surroundings of Lienz again ) "

- Rudolf Granichstaedten-Czerva : "Brixen - Imperial Principality and Court". 1948

With Virgil von Graben, the sex gained its greatest influence. As the imperial administrator of the princely Görzischen county he was during the reign of the sickly and childless Count Leonhard von Görz the key person for the entry of the country into the Habsburg Empire . Initially, von Graben negotiated with the Republic of Venice , after great promises made by the enlightened Venice, such as Virgil von Graben, a Görzischen (Meinhardinischen) bastard to recognize itself as the new Count of Gorizia. Another suggestion from Venice resulted in the fact that he surrender the county of Gorizia to the republic and in return receive all Gorizia castles and lordships in Friuli and Venice as fiefs. But it didn't come to that, because von Graben broke off the secret negotiations with the Venetians and brought the county of Gorizia into the hands of Emperor Maximilian , who gave him high rewards for this.

Sommeregg was owned by the Lords of Graben for only three generations and came to Von Rain zu Sommeregg and beyond in 1534 through the marriage of Rosina von Graben von Rain (a niece of Virgil von Graben) with Haymeran from Rain zu Sommeregg, who had immigrated from Bavaria to the Khevenhüller . The coat of arms of the Lords of Graben of the Sommeregger line was inherited in 1534 to the Barons von Rain and in 1573 to the Bavarian Leublfing ( 1690 Imperial Counts of Leublfing zu R (h) ain ).

In 1499 Virgil von Graben owned the family castle Graben in Carniola, which before and after belonged to the Kornberg line . In the city of Lienz, the moats were replaced as the most influential family by the Lords of Selva in the beginning of the 16th century . From the Sommeregger line sprouted the line am Stein and the second Tyrolean line in North Tyrol. Lukas von Graben zum Stein (a son of Virgil von Graben) founded the line and the gender names of the lords of Graben zum (von) Stein with the acquisition of Schloss Stein im Drautal in 1500 .

  • Coat of arms of the Barons von Rain zu Sommeregg

  • Coat of arms of the imperial counts of Leublfing zu Rhain (1690)

Line on the stone

Stein Castle (Dellach im Drautal)

Lukas von Graben zum Stein was awarded the rule and the Schloss Stein im Drautal as a free owner by Emperor Maximilian I in 1500 for his services in the Gorizia inheritance (the entry of the princely county of Gorizia into the Habsburg monarchy) . Stein came into possession of his sons Hans von Graben zum Stein d. Ä. († 1587/91) and Georg von Graben zum Stein († 1595). They built the Church of the Holy Sepulcher in Dobbiaco in 1578 and also owned the autumn castle there for a time . These gentlemen from Stein were the same who lived and worked in and around Lienz. Since Hansen's son of the same name, Hans von Graben zum Stein d. J. had already died in 1593, the rule of Stein passed from Georg to Oswald von Graben zum Stein († 1609), the son of Hans d. J., about. Since he died without an heir, the property passed to his distant cousin Hans Christof von Graben († 1628), a descendant of Barthlmä von Graben from the second Tyrolean line .

Second Tyrolean line

The Second Tyrolean Line came from Barthlmä von Graben, son of Virgil von Graben and brother of Lukas von Graben zum Stein. After the line at Stein with Oswald von Graben zum Stein († 1609) died out in the third generation, Barthlma's great-grandson Hans Christof von Graben († 1628) inherited the rule of Stein. He was followed by his son Christof David von Graben zum Stein , who died in 1664 and had two or three daughters. Since the Lords of Graben of the Third Tyrolean Line , descended from Lukas and Barthlmäs brother Georg von Graben, were not entitled to inheritance, Stein fell back to the Habsburgs as a settled fief, which even a court case could not change.

Third Tyrolean line

Coat of arms of the Third Tyrolean Line (as well as the Second Tyrolean Line) which, compared to the First Tyrolean Line shown above, led the inclined beam instead of the spade.

The Third Tyrolean Line came from Georg von Graben, a son of Virgil von Graben and the younger brother of Lukas von Graben zum Stein and Barthlmä von Graben. His descendants were discreetly wealthy in the Innsbruck area and mostly worked as imperial and sovereign officials as well as imperial and class officers. It is not to be assumed that this line had any large estates, castles or palaces.

After the Second Tyrolean Line in the male line died out in 1664, they claimed their successor in the Stein rule . Georg von Graben's grandson (?) Hans [Johann] Karl von Graben, who had to strive for the inheritance of his great cousin from Innsbruck while the last Herr von Stein, Christof David von Graben zum Stein from the Second Tyrolean Line , was still alive but after careful research we find that only descendants of Georg von Graben's brothers Lukas von Graben zum Stein and Barthlmä von Graben were entitled to inheritance. Stein fell back to the Habsburg sovereigns as a settled fief.

The most important family member of this line was Otto von Graben zum Stein , also known as "Graf zum Stein", (* around 1690 in Innsbruck; † around 1756 Potsdam), writer (who wrote a story that may have influenced the Freischütz libretto ) and collector of sagas, who was master of ceremonies and chamberlain at the Prussian court as well as vice-president of the Prussian Academy of Sciences. The last member of the family is his cousin (?) Felix Jakob von Graben , councilor and administrator of the imperial women's monastery in Hall in Tirol . With his death in 1776 (other sources speak of 1780), the entire family of the Lords of Graben (in the male line) became extinct.

Family tree of the Lords of Graben

Main line in Carniola

  • Meinhardiner (Palatinate) Count Meinhard I (* around 1070, † 1142) or his younger brother (Palatinate) Count Engelbert I of Gorizia († 1122)
    • unknown
      • Conrad vom Graben (named probably between 1170 and 1208)
        • (?) Rudolph from the ditch (named 1222, named in the same suite as Conrad) ... →
      • Grisold vom Graben (called 1170)
      • Walter vom Graben (called 1170)

... →

  • Rapoto vom Graben (named around 1203)

... →

Conradin line

Gentlemen from Graben Am Graben and Alt-Grabenhofen Castle in and around Graz in Styria

Persons without a genealogical connection:

  • The brothers Hermann and Burkhard von Graben: mentioned as witnesses on February 18, 1284 in a document from the Lords of Walsee and the Heggbach monastery in Upper Swabia in what is now Baden-Württemberg

Thaler branch

Rosenberger branch

Kornberger line

Herren vom Graben at Kornberg Castle etc. in Styria:

  • Ulrich I. von Graben († before 1325), parents unknown, but from the Conradinian line
    • Veit von Graben († soon after 1300)
    • Martin (Mört) von (im) Graben (called 1366)
    • Otto I. von Graben († before 1360)
      • Heinrich von Graben († unknown, at least after 1360)
      • Elisabeth von Graben (named around 1360)
      • Beata von Graben (called 1409)
      • Veronica von Graben
      • Barbara von Graben
      • Dorothea von Graben
    • Ulrich II von Graben (called 1300-1361)
    • Friedrich I. von Graben (* approx. 1300; † before 1404)
      • Friedrich II. Von Graben († before 1463)
      • Anna von Graben (called 1415)
      • Agnes von Graben (called 1380-1447)
      • Dorothea von Graben (called 1439)
      • N. von Graben ( female ) (called 1459)
      • N. von Graben ( female ) (called 1409)
      • Leonhard [Lienhart, Linhart] von Graben (named 1441), ancestor of the First Tyrolean Line ; → First Tyrolean line
      • Andreas von Graben zu Sommeregg († 1463), ancestor of a family branch in Carinthia and today's East Tyrol ; → Sommeregger line
    • Nikolaus von Graben (named 1350/56), ancestor of a branch of the family in Lower Austria ; → Lower Austrian line
    • Catrey of Trench
    • Johann von Graben (named 1350)
    • Heinrich von (in den) Graben (called 1356)
    • Martin (Mört) von (im) Graben (called 1366)

Persons without a genealogical connection:

  • Adelheid von Graben: married to Greter (?) Von Galler in the middle of the 14th century , ancestor of the later barons and counts Galler
  • Otto von Graben: married Kathrein von Purgstall in 1379

First Lower Austrian line

Lords of Graben in Lower Austria: Ulrich I. von Graben

  • Nikolaus von Graben (from the Kornberg line )
    • Dietrich (Dietl) von Graben (mentioned around 1400)
    • Otto II von Graben (* 1378; † 1439)
      • Friedrich (Friedl) von Graben
      • Wolfgang von Graben (named between 1405 and 1421), the last family member of the Lower Austrian line
      • Veronika von Graben (* 1404)
      • Agnes Veronika von Graben (* 1406)
  • Heinrich von (in den) Graben ( Kornberger Line )
  • Martin (Mört) von Graben ( Kornberger Line )

not assignable:

  • the brothers Ulrich, Conrad, Heinrich and Otto von Graben (named 1374)

Second Lower Austrian Line (Grabner zu Rosenburg)

Lords of Graben in Lower Austria:

First Tyrolean line

Lords of Graben in Tirol (North Tyrol):

  • Leonhard [Lienhart, Linhart] von Graben ( from the Kornberg line )
    • Descendants recorded up to 1519

Sommeregger line

Lords of Graben at Sommeregg Castle in Carinthia and Lienz in East Tyrol:

  • Andreas von Graben zu Sommeregg ( from the Kornberg line )
    • Heinrich von Graben († 1507)
    • Ernst von Graben († 1513)
    • Virgil von Graben († 1507)
      • Christof von Graben (named 1498)
      • Lukas von Graben zum Stein († 1550), ancestor of the family branch at Stein Castle ; → Line on the stone
      • Barthlmä von Graben, ancestor of a second family branch in Tyrol → Second Tyrolean line
      • Georg von Graben, ancestor of a third family branch in Tyrol → Third Tyrolean line
      • Virgil Lucz von Graben (called 1550)
        • Bartholomeus von Graben (called 1525–1564)
          • Michael von Graben
        • Leonhard (Lienhard) von Graben (called 1507–1545)
        • Andreas von Graben (called 1527–1574)
          • unknown
            • (Anna) Maria von Graben (called 1575)
            • Regina von Graben
      • bastard
      • bastard
      • bastard
      • bastard
    • Ruth von Graben (named 1477)
    • Cosmas von Graben († 1479)
    • Wolfgang von Graben (named 1450)
    • Wolfgang Andreas (Wolf Andrä) von Graben (named 1486)
    • Barbara von Graben (named 1467)

Persons without a genealogical connection:

  • Anastasia von Graben, married Paul Kronegg, the ancestral lords of the Imperial Count Kronegg
  • (Sommeregger Linie or Linie am Stein) Catharina von Graben, daughter of Wolfgang von Graben and Margaret von Groppenstein; married Balthasar (IV.) Griming von Stahl; between 1563 and 1593 caretaker of the Weissenstein estate

Line on the stone

Lords from Graben zum Stein at Stein Castle in Carinthia:

  • Lukas von Graben zum Stein ( from the Sommeregger line )
    • Margaretha von Graben zum Stein (named 1542)
    • N from ditch to stone
    • Catharina von Graben zum Stein (named 1540)
    • Hans von Graben zum Stein d. Ä. († 1587/91)
      • Barbara von Graben zum Stein († 1580)
      • Hans von Graben zum Stein d. J. († 1593)
        • Maria von Graben zum Stein (named 1569)
        • Georg von Graben zum Stein (named 1568)
        • Sabina von Graben zum Stain und Thurn (named 1565)
        • Johann von Graben zum Stein
        • Christoph von Graben zum Stein (named 1564)
          • Benigna from ditch to stone
          • Maria von Graben zum Stein
          • Ursula from ditch to stone
          • Barbara from ditch to stone
          • Catharina von Graben zum Stein
          • Johanna von Graben zum Stein
        • Oswald von Graben zum Stein († 1609)
          • Anna Christina from Graben zum Stein
        • Christina von Graben zum Stein
        • Andreas von Graben zum Stein
        • Sigismund von Graben zum Stein
        • Ursula Virgo from ditch to stone
        • Salome from ditch to stone
      • Virgil von Graben zum Stain (called 1558–1570)
      • Christoph von Graben zum Stein (named 1575)
      • Georg von Graben zum Stein (named 1575)
      • Catharina von Graben zum Stein (named 1577)
      • Elisabeth von Graben zum Stein
    • Georg von Graben zum Stein († 1595)

Person without a genealogical connection:

  • Dorothea von Graben zum Stein, married Joachim Mandorfer (1507–1556), general taker in Carinthia

Second Tyrolean line

Lords of Graben in Tirol (North Tyrol):

Person without a genealogical connection:

  • Anna Regina von Graben, married von Dornsberg , named 1669 and 1672 at Gröfelhof Castle in Irschen in the Upper Drautal
  • Maria Ignatia von Graben (called 1696, Tyrol)
  • Johann von Graben zum Stein: married to an Anna Maria (Tyrol, 17th century)
  • Cäcilia von Graben (18th century, Tyrol): Superior of the Ursuline convent in Innsbruck, driving force behind the establishment of a convent in Brixen

Third Tyrolean line

Lords of Graben in Tirol (North Tyrol) until the family died out in 1776/80:

  • Georg von Graben ( from the Sommeregger line )
    • 3 or 4 generations unknown by name
      • Johann Andre (Hans Andreas) von Graben
        • Martin Laurenz von Graben
        • Maria Juliana von Graben
      • Hans [Johann] Karl von Graben
      • Apollonia from Graben
      • Carl von Graben (?)

Possessions and titles of power

A selection of the properties owned and managed by the Lords of Graben according to historical territories.

Carniola

  • Stammschloss Graben not far from Rudolfswerth ( Novo mesto in today's Slovenia ) (owned by the Krainer Stammlinie , the Konradinische Linie ?, The Kornberger Linie and the Sommeregger Linie )

Styria

Kornberg Castle

Lower Austria

Rosenburg Castle

Moravia

County of Gorizia / East Tyrol

Carinthia / County of Gorizia

Sommeregg Castle

South Tyrol and Italy / County of Gorizia

Salzburg

Tyrol

  • various townhouses in Innsbruck
  • Günn residence near Schwaz

Foundations

An overview of the church foundations and buildings of the Lords of Graben:

  • Church of St. Peter (now in ruins), Kals am Großglockner , first mentioned in 1609, there may be a connection with pastor Christof von Graben zum Stein, who was pastor of Kals from 1543-1578
  • St. Michael Church , burial place of the Lords of Graben in Lienz
  • St. Andrä Church , Oberlienz

Related sexes

Sexes related to the Lords of Graben included the

the old Austrian genders:

the other genders from the German-speaking area:

from the Italian language:

Miscellaneous:

coat of arms

Gender coats of arms of the various lines

There are three forms of representation of the gender coat of arms, Von Graben, which are linked to one another through the established genealogy of the family. A distinction is made between the family coat of arms with the blue diagonal left bar on white (also variant with diagonal right bar), the shovel coat of arms on red and the coat of arms split from red, and divided three times by blue and white (or black) .

Inclined beam coat of arms:

  • The oblique left beam coat of arms (or oblique right) led the Krainer Stammlinie , the Konradinische line (Graz, Am Graben, Alt-Grabenhofen) as well as the second Lower Austrian line of the Grabner . The Orsini-Rosenberg family, descended from the Conradinian line , also took over the sloping beam at the beginning. The Jörger von Tollet (imperial count), descending from the second line of the Grabner family in Lower Austria , took up the sloping beam in their coat of arms.

Shovel crest:

  • The shovel coat of arms was used by the Kornberger Line (Styria), the First Lower Austrian Line and the First Tyrolean Line (North Tyrol). The First Lower Austrian Line has a combination of the different coats of arms; they carried the shovel as a coat of arms, but the buffalo horns of the inclined beam coat of arms as a crest. The blazon of the coat of arms seal reads: a sloping shovel without a handle, on the helmet two buffalo horns . The (De) Graeff family , which comes from the Kornberg line , also carries the Schaufel coat of arms. The coat of arms of the gentlemen von Graben (at least of the Kornberger line) read: “ The fact that I dig guarantees my property .” Another motto under the silver shovel or “house shovel” on a red background was “ I build by cutting ”. Inclined beam coat of arms of the Krainer trunk line opposite the Conradin line and the second Lower Austrian line of the Grabner

Split by red, and divided three times by blue and white:

  • This coat of arms carried the Sommeregger line (Carinthia, Lienz, East Tyrol), the line am Stein (Carinthia) and the second Tyrolean line (North Tyrol). The Bavarian-Carinthian families Rain (barons Rain zu Sommeregg) and Leublfing (Reichsgrafen Leublfing zu R (h) ain), who descended from the Sommeregger line in a female line , also took up the coat of arms in theirs.

In addition to the inclined beam coat of arms, the shovel coat of arms and the coat of arms split by red and divided into blue and white, there is also a variant with a shovel and inclined beam coat of arms. The different coats of arms of the von Graben are compared and explained in the following table:

coat of arms description information Inherited to
central Krainer trunk line with inclined beam coat of arms : at Schloss Graben (named from 1170) with inclined left beam Valvasor only mentions a coat of arms with a grave shovel , possible reason: confusion due to the appearance of the Kornberg line with a shovel coat of arms from 1330 as the owner of the ancestral castle
central Conradinian line with inclined beam coat of arms : as in the Krainer Stammlinie Coats of arms of the Conradinian line showed oblique left or right diagonal bars Orsini-Rosenberg (family coat of arms of the Rosenbergs)
central Thaler branch with inclined beam coat of arms : as in the Krainer Stammlinie and Konradinischer Linie Inclined left bar also in use
central Second Lower Austrian line of Grabner with inclined beam coat of arms : as with Krainer Stammlinie, Konradinischer Linie and Thaler Zweig too often used with a different helmet ornament (closed flight instead of ostrich feathers) Jörger from Tollet
central Kornberger line (Styria) with shovel coat of arms : In 1324 Otto I von Graben carried three shovels, of which the middle one turned downwards; In 1564 the coat of arms was given to Stadler IV 1,4 or 2,3 / A coat of arms with the grave shovel on the crutch, in gold / red (1377, 1564) / Hupp only shows the coat of arms with the grave shovel (variant at Kraßler from 1432) Different coat of arms variant of the sloping beam possibly 1328 through the purchase of the Kornberg rule from three brothers from a Styrian line, Zweig ( Konradinische Linie Am Graben ?), who took over the castle from Friedrich Kornberger, including the coat of arms and accessories (this took over due to the new ownership of a new coat of arms - the one with the shovel, the spade - could provide the explanation of the different gender coat of arms of this line) (crest with shovel and ostrich feathers) (De) Graeff and Stadl-Kornberg
First Lower Austrian line with Schaufel coat of arms : like Kornberger line. Coat of arms seal: A sloping shovel without a handle, two buffalo horns on the helmet . With the buffalo horns and the shovel, this coat of arms represents a combination of the main coat of arms with the sloping bar (main line in Carniola and Konradinische line Am Graben in and around Graz) and the shovel coat of arms ( Kornberger line )
central First Tyrolean line with Schaufel coat of arms : like Kornberger Linie (and First Lower Austrian Line) In contrast to the Kornberger line, only known with upright spades (crest with shovel and ostrich feathers)
central Swiss line with shovel coat of arms : like Kornberger line and First Tyrolean line (as well as first Lower Austrian line) in contrast to the Kornberger Linue only known with upright spades (crest with shovel and ostrich feathers)
central Sommeregger line with the coat of arms of red split and split into blue and white : According to Kraßler, the von Graben as Ortenburg knights led the shield split, divided three times in front, black and blue, behind black / the coat of arms of Andreas von Graben zu Sommeregg (approx. 1450 ) is split by red and divided three times by black and blue (blue and black) ; This coat of arms was common in Lienz and all of Upper Carinthia / The coat of arms of Andreas II von Graben (1531) shows the shield split, at the front divided three times diagonally / The blazon according to Scheibler's book of arms (older part, 1450–1480) reads: Split, right single and red, on the left divided three times by silver and blue. On the helmet with red and silver blankets, a pair of silver buffalo horns, each with three black cockfeather bushes on the outside. The founder of the Sommeregger line, Andreas von Graben zu Sommeregg , came from the Kornberg line, but had a different coat of arms (helmet ornament with buffalo horns and ostrich feathers) Rain to Sommeregg and Leublfing to Rhain
central Line on the stone with the coat of arms of red split and divided into blue and white : like the Sommeregger line Inclined bars also in green and white resp. Red and white as well as partly different helmet decorations with a cylinder instead of the buffalo horns (but each with ostrich feathers)
central Second Tyrolean line with the coat of arms of red split and divided into blue and white : like the Sommeregger line and the line on the stone as a helmet ornament either with buffalo horns or with a cylinder (each with ostrich feathers)
central Third Tyrolean line with the coat of arms of red split and divided into blue and white : as in the Sommeregger line, the line on the stone and the second Tyrolean line as a helmet ornament either with buffalo horns or with a cylinder (each with ostrich feathers)
central Lords of Graben with coat of arms variant : unknown, Tyrol, Carinthia (?) Both versions of the coat of arms of the Lords of Graben (originally from Italian archives, date unknown; Matthias Laurenz Gräff archive)

Municipal coat of arms in Austria and Germany

Some communities such as Ratschendorf (formerly) and Deutsch Goritz in Styria carried or carry the coat of arms of the Lords of Graben from the Kornberg line in their community coat of arms . The Bavarian municipalities of Salching and Rain also have the blue-silver sloping beams of the Lords of Graben from the Sommeregger line , which they passed on to the Lords of Rain . The coat of arms is also part of the administrative communities Rain and Aiterhofen .

Literature (selection)

  • Hermann Wiesflecker : The county of Görz and the rule of Lienz, their development and their inheritance to Austria (1500) . In: Publications of the Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeu, 78/1998, Innsbruck 1998, pp. 131–149 (Online: PDF ).
  • Adalbert Sikora: The gentlemen from the pit in the magazine of the historical association for Styria . 51st year, Graz 1960.
  • Rudolf Granichstaedten-Czerva : Brixen - imperial principality and court. Austrian Staatsdruckerei, 1948, 438 pages.
  • Joseph August Kumar: In: Mahlerische forays into the surroundings of the capital Grätz. With special consideration for patriotic history. Chapter XIII: Rosenberg and Graben, Graz 1815, pp. 265-300 (Online: Google books ).
  • Johann Weichard Freiherr von Valvasor : The honor of the duchy of Crain : that is, true, thorough, and quite proper evidence and quality of this magnificent Roman-Keyserlichen hereditary land. Laybach ( Ljubljana ) 1689.

Web links

Commons : Digging Stone  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The name Von Graben von or zum Stein was introduced by Lukas von Graben zum Stein in 1500 with the acquisition of the rule and castle of Stein im Drautal.
  2. ↑ Vom Graben the gender was only mentioned in the Upper Carinthian-East Tyrolean, cf. The Salzburg fiefdom in Carinthia until 1520
  3. ↑ Adalbert Sikora: The Lords of the Trench . In: Journal of the historical association for Styria, 51st year, Graz 1960, p. 44 and 46.
  4. ^ Adalbert Sikora: The gentlemen from the pit in the journal of the historical association for Styria. 51st year, Graz 1960, p. 45
  5. ^ Adalbert Sikora: The gentlemen from the pit in the journal of the historical association for Styria. 51st year, Graz 1960, p. 47
  6. ↑ Hans Pirchegger: To the older history of Thal. Leaves for local history 37, p. 106 (1963)
  7. ↑ Rudolf Granichstaedten-Czerva (1948): "Brixen - Imperial Principality and Court". digitized in: Collegium Res Nobilis Austriae: Graben von Stein
  8. ^ Beda Weber: Das Land Tirol: with an appendix: Vorarlberg: a handbook for travelers. South Tyrol: (Etsch, Drava, Brenta, Sarka regions) . Wagner, 1838 ( google.at [accessed on May 4, 2020]).
  9. ↑ a b walks through the Austro-Hungarian monarchy; P. 333; edited by Friedrich Umlauft (1879)
  10. ↑ General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts, Volume 77, pp. 220–222 (Leipzig 1864)
  11. ↑ www.gedaechtnisdeslandes.at - Pottenbrunn
  12. ^ History of Austria: from the beginnings to the present. From Erich Zöllner. P. 159
  13. ↑ Rudolf Granichstaedten-Czerva (1948): "Brixen - Imperial Principality and Court". digitized in: Collegium Res Nobilis Austriae: Graben von Stein
  14. ↑ Google book search: Das Land Tirol: with an attachment: Vorarlberg: a handbook for travelers. By Beda Weber
  15. ↑ Yearbook of the Imperial and Royal Central Commission for the research and preservation of architectural monuments. 1905, p. 339 ( Spurii of the Burgraves of Lienz )
  16. ↑ The Lords of Wallsee. History of a Swabian-Austrian noble family (1771-1331). By Karel Hruza. 1995, p. 413
  17. ↑ Johann Weichard Freiherr von Valvasor : The honor of the Hertzogthums Crain : that is, true, thorough, and quite proper evidence and quality of this Roman-Keyerian marvelous hereditary land ; Laybach ( Ljubljana ) 1689
  18. ↑ Steiermärkisches Landesarchiv, Mitteilungen, Volume 38, p. 38 (1988)
  19. ↑ Google books: The arms of the nobility in Upper Austria - p. 753
  20. ↑ Google Books: Carinthia's nobility until the year 1300. A. Weiss, S. 211
  21. ^ Google books: Carinthia 1, volumes 163-165, p. 113
  22. ^ Adalbert Sikora: The gentlemen from the pit in the journal of the historical association for Styria. 51st year, Graz 1960, p. 43
  23. ^ Adalbert Sikora: The gentlemen from the pit in the journal of the historical association for Styria. 51st year, Graz 1960, p. 44
  24. ^ Journal of the Historical Association for Styria
  25. ^ Archive for patriotic history and topography , Volume 98, p. 17. By Hans Pawlik (2009)
  26. ^ The citizens of Graz. Local and social origin (Gerhard Michael Dienes, 1979)
  27. ^ Adalbert Sikora: The gentlemen from the pit in the journal of the historical association for Styria. 51st year, Graz 1960, family tree on p. 44ff
  28. ↑ Graz-Grabenpfarre. History of St. Johann am Graben ( Memento from July 6, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  29. ↑ Baden-Württemberg State Archives. Württemberg document book. Volume VIII., No. 3319, p. 440
  30. ^ Adalbert Sikora: The gentlemen from the pit in the journal of the historical association for Styria. 51st year, Graz 1960, p. 44ff
  31. ^ Adalbert Sikora: The gentlemen from the pit in the journal of the historical association for Styria. 51st year, Graz 1960, p. 55ff
  32. ↑ Lords of Graben
  33. ^ History of Sankt Johann am Graben ( Memento from July 6, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  34. ^ Adalbert Sikora: The gentlemen from the pit in the journal of the historical association for Styria. 51st year, Graz 1960, family tree on p. 90
  35. ↑ The watering place Gleichenberg and its surroundings: a guide for Curgäste, Volume 2, page 317; by Wilhelm Wenzel Prášil
  36. ↑ Heimat und Sagenbuch, Graz & Umgebung, p. 60
  37. ^ Adalbert Sikora: The gentlemen from the pit in the journal of the historical association for Styria. 51st year, Graz 1960, p. 55
  38. ^ City of Graz, building history of Grabenstrasse
  39. ↑ The watering place Gleichenberg and its surroundings: a guide for Curgäste, Volume 2, page 317; by Wilhelm Wenzel Prášil
  40. ↑ Heimat und Sagenbuch, Graz & Umgebung, p. 60
  41. ↑ Hans Pirchegger: To the older history of Thal. Leaves for local history 37, p. 106 (1963)
  42. ↑ Hans Pirchegger: To the older history of Thal. Leaves for local history 37, p. 108 (1963)
  43. ↑ Mitteilungen, Volume and 38, p. 38 (Steiermärkisches Landesarchiv Joanneum, 1988)
  44. ↑ Styria State Archives. Communications, Volume 6, p. 32
  45. ↑ www.almanachdegotha.org, House of Orsini-Rosenberg
  46. ^ Collegium Res Nobilis Austriae: Orsini and Rosenberg
  47. ↑ Gothaischer Hofkalender: genealogical pocket book of the princely houses, 1942, p. 274
  48. ^ Genealogical handbook of the nobility. Ostsee, CA Starke., 2004, p. 264, Orsini u. Rosenberg
  49. ↑ Hans Pawlik. Archives for Patriotic History and Topography, Volume 98
  50. ↑ The watering place Gleichenberg and its surroundings: a guide for Curgäste, Volume 2, page 317; by Wilhelm Wenzel Prášil
  51. ↑ Heimat und Sagenbuch, Graz & Umgebung, p. 60
  52. ^ The Salzburg fiefdoms in Carinthia until 1520, p. 119; 1971
  53. ↑ Contributions to medieval seals: first part, p. 241, by Eduard Melly
  54. ^ Adalbert Sikora: The gentlemen from the pit in the journal of the historical association for Styria. 51st year, Graz 1960, pp. 44ff and 55ff
  55. ↑ Entry about Neu-Gleichenberg on Burgen-Austria
  56. ↑ Deß Hochloblichen Hertzogthums Crain Topographisch-Historischer ..., Volume 3, p. 211. By Janez Vajkard von Valvasor
  57. ↑ a b Familienverband Gräff-Graeff e. V. . Retrieved November 3, 2019.
  58. ↑ Mahler's forays into the surroundings of the capital Grätz . By Joseph August Kumar (p. 285)
  59. ^ The citizens of Graz: Local and social origin: (from the beginnings to 1500), page ccxlviii; by Gerhard Michael Dienes in Dbv-Verlag for the Graz University of Technology, 1979
  60. ↑ a b Google book search: Kaiser Friedrich III. (1440–1493): court, government and politics
  61. ^ Adalbert Sikora: The gentlemen from the pit in the journal of the historical association for Styria. 51st year, Graz 1960, pp. 70–72.
  62. ↑ Gabriel Bucelin: Germania topo-chrono-stemmato-graphica sacra et prophana, p. 392 (Ulm, 1678)
  63. ^ City of Graz, building history of Grabenstrasse
  64. ↑ De Graeff (Pieter Graeff) and Von Graben in the Dutch "DBNL"
  65. ↑ The German Herald: magazine for coat of arms, seal u. Family Studies, Volume 3, News about the de Graeff Family
  66. ↑ Pieter C. Vies: Andries de Graeff (1611–1678) 't Gezagh is heerelyk: but vol get. P. 5 ( Memento of March 1, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 2.7 MB)
  67. ↑ Austrian State Archives: AT-OeStA / AVA Adel RAA 151.23 Graeff, Andreas de, Mayor of Amsterdam, conferring the status of Imperial Knight, "Noble Herr von Graeff, Ritter", coat of arms improvement, 1677-07-19 (file (collective file, basic number, lot , Dossier, file))
  68. ↑ The Nieuw Nederlandsch Biographisch Woordenboek reports on the descent of the De Graeff family: Zekere Wolfgang von Graben zou, naar Holland omstreeks 1483, daar gehuwd zijn en een zoon Pieter hebben gehad, the de stamvader van het hollandsch slaughtered zou zillijn here, welks verschlacht zou zillijn here folgen . The De Graeff family in the DBNL
  69. ↑ Deß Hochloblichen Hertzogthums Crain Topographisch-Historischer ..., Volume 3, p. 211. By Janez Vajkard von Valvasor
  70. ^ Ernst Heinrich Kneschke : New General German Adels Lexicon , Volume 3. (digitized version)
  71. ↑ a b c d Google: The scene of the rural Lower Austrian nobility, Volume 3. By Franz K. Wissgrill and Karl von Odelga
  72. ^ Google: Topography of Lower Austria: in which all cities, markets ..., Volume 1, by Friedrich Wilhelm Weiskern
  73. ↑ a b c Google: The arms of the nobility in Lower Austria, Volume 26, Part 1. P. 132. By Johann Evang Kirnbauer von Erzstätt
  74. ↑ They had the same family coat of arms with the blue sloping bar on a white shield. The name Otto and Ulrich appeared very frequently among the Lords of Graben in the 14th century; the name spelling also changed from Von Graben to Grabner (see Die Graben in der Steiermark, also the Kornberger Line (book: Die Salzburger Lehen in Kärnten to 1520, p. 119; 1971) and Sommeregger Line ); In 1314 / and before 1324 they also bought goods in the Loosdorf and St. Pölten area from the same family - Radler zu Stichtenberg. The scene of the rural Lower Austrian nobility from ..., Volume 3, p. 365ff; by Franz Karl Wißgrill
  75. ↑ General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts in ..., Volume 77, Part 1, p. 220 (Leipzig 1864)
  76. ↑ www.gedaechtnisdeslandes.at - Pottenbrunn
  77. ↑ www.gedaechtnisdeslandes.at - The Rosenburg
  78. ↑ Schloss Rosenburg in the Austria Forum
  79. ^ Of the rural Lower Austrian nobility from ..., Volume 3, pp. 512/513; by Franz Karl Wißgrill
  80. ↑ Siebmacher's large and general book of arms, Volume 4 (Habsburg Monarchy), 4th section, T. 1: Der Niederösterreichische Landständische Adel (AR), Nuremberg 1909, 133
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  82. ↑ Der Schlern, Volume 62, Part 1
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  84. ^ Johann Siebmacher's general large and complete book of arms, 5th part, 9th edition, Nuremberg 1772, 197. Onlinesuche Graben (Switzerland)
  85. ↑ chgh.ch, The Swiss genealogical-heraldic web catalog (Graben von Aarau)
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  87. ^ Adalbert Sikora: The gentlemen from the pit in the journal of the historical association for Styria. 51st year, Graz 1960, p. 55
  88. ^ History of the Sommeregg Castle and Dominion, by Wilhelm Wadl; in Carinthia I, 179th year (1989), pp. 157/158
  89. ↑ Meinrad Pizzinini: East Tyrol: The district of Lienz: his works of art, hist. Types of settlement (1974) p. 78
  90. ↑ www.dolomitenstadt.at A little church with a history
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  93. ↑ City Guide Lienz, p. 32
  94. ↑ Rudolf Granichstaedten-Czerva (1948): "Brixen - Imperial Principality and Court".
  95. ↑ Communications from the Institute for Austrian Historical Research, Volume 56 (different version)
  96. ^ Announcements from the Institute for Austrian Historical Research, Volume 56
  97. ^ Austria in the age of Maximilian I: the union of the countries to ... (By Hermann Wiesflecker) ( Memento from January 13, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  98. ↑ Die Ehre des Hertzogthums Krain, Volume 3, p. 206. By Johann Weichard von Valvasor
  99. ↑ Deß Hochloblichen Hertzogthums Crain Topographisch-Historischer ..., Volume 3, p. 211. By Janez Vajkard von Valvasor
  100. ↑ Stein Castle
  101. ↑ Kärntner Burgenkunde: References to sources and literature on the historical and legal position of castles, palaces and residences in Carinthia and their owners , p. 142. By Franz Xaver Kohla, Gustaf Adolf von Metnitz, Gotbert Moro (Geschichtsverein für Kärnten, 1973)
  102. ↑ Kärntner Burgenkunde: References to sources and literature on the historical and legal position of castles, palaces and residences in Carinthia and their owners , p. 142. By Franz Xaver Kohla, Gustaf Adolf von Metnitz, Gotbert Moro (Geschichtsverein für Kärnten, 1973)
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  105. ↑ Carinthia I., Volumes 163-165
  106. ↑ Carinthia I., Volumes 163-165
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  108. ^ Adalbert Sikora: The gentlemen from the pit in the journal of the historical association for Styria. 51st year, Graz 1960, pp. 90 and 91
  109. ↑ See: Collegium Res Nobilis Austriae: Orsini and Rosenberg (registration required)
  110. ↑ Gothaischer Hofkalender: genealogical pocket book of the princely houses, 1942, p. 274
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  112. ↑ www.almanachdegotha.org, House of Orsini-Rosenberg
  113. ^ Archive for patriotic history and topography, Volume 98, p. 18; by Hans Pawlik (2009)
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  115. ↑ Baden-Württemberg State Archives. Württemberg document book. Volume VIII., No. 3319, p. 440
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  117. ↑ See: De Graeff (Pieter Graeff) and Von Graben in the Dutch "DBNL"
  118. ↑ The German Herald: magazine for coat of arms, seal u. Family Studies, Volume 3, News about the de Graeff Family
  119. ↑ Pieter C. Vies: Andries de Graeff (1611–1678) 't Gezagh is heerelyk: but vol get. Page 5 ( Memento from March 1, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 2.7 MB)
  120. ^ Adalbert Sikora: The gentlemen from the pit in the journal of the historical association for Styria. 51st year, Graz 1960, p. 93
  121. ^ Adalbert Sikora: The gentlemen from the pit in the journal of the historical association for Styria. 51st year, Graz 1960, p. 82 and 83
  122. ^ Adalbert Sikora: The gentlemen from the pit in the journal of the historical association for Styria. 51st year, Graz 1960, p. 66
  123. ↑ “The” Tribute and the Conspiracy . 1845 ( books.google.at ).
  124. ↑ “The” Tribute and the Conspiracy . 1845 ( books.google.at ).
  125. ^ Journal of the Historisches Verein für Steiermark, Volume 51: Herren vom Graben
  126. ↑ Germania topo-chrono-stemmato-graphica sacra et prophan, p. 13; by Gabriel Bucelin. Ulm 1662
  127. ↑ Carinthia: Journal for Fatherland Studies, Belehrung u. Entertainment . tape 64 . Kleinmayr, 1835, p. 170 ( books.google.at [accessed April 24, 2020]).
  128. ↑ Carinthia: Journal for Fatherland Studies, Belehrung u. Entertainment . Kleinmayr, 1874 ( books.google.at ).
  129. ↑ Rudolf Cranichstaedten-Czerva: Brixen, Reichsfürstentum und Hofstaat (1948), p. 239.
  130. ↑ Culture reports from Tyrol 2012 63, p. 22. Monument report. Preservation of monuments in Tyrol. Annual report of the Federal Monuments Office 2010/11. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE COUNTRY OF TIRE 2010/11 - June 2012
  131. ↑ Miroslav Marek: House of Auersperg (genealogy of the Auersperg family). In: http://genealogy.euweb.cz/ . Miroslav Marek, November 16, 2004, accessed on April 24, 2020 .
  132. ^ Miroslav Marek: Breunner Family (genealogy of the Breuner family). In: genealogy.euweb.cz. Miroslav Marek, April 6, 2007, accessed April 24, 2020 .
  133. ↑ Carinthia: Journal for Fatherland Studies, Belehrung u. Entertainment, Volume 25, p. 160
  134. ^ Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall: The Gallerinn on the Rieggersburg: historical novel with documents. From a Styrian. In 3 parts. Second part. The homage and conspiracy . Karl Wilhelm Leste, Darmstadt 1845, p. 42 ( google.at [accessed April 24, 2020]).
  135. ↑ Carinthia 1, Volumes 163-165, p. 113
  136. ^ The Gallerinn on the Rieggersburg: historical novel with documents ..., Volume 2 by Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, p. 41
  137. ^ Yearbook of the Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien . Verlag A. Schroll & Company, 2001 ( google.at [accessed April 24, 2020]).
  138. ↑ Franz Karl Wissgrill: scene of the rural Lower Austrian nobility from the lords and knights of the XI. Century up to the present day. tape 1-5 . F. Seizer, Vienna 1794 ( google.at [accessed April 24, 2020]).
  139. ^ Harvard University: Archive for Austrian history . Vienna, Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staats-Druckerei [etc.], 1848 ( archive.org [accessed on March 11, 2019]).
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  141. ↑ Gabriel Bucelin: Germania topo-chrono-stemmato-graphica sacra et prophana, p. 392 (Ulm, 1678)
  142. ^ Adalbert Sikora: The gentlemen from the pit in the journal of the historical association for Styria, 51st year, Graz 1960
  143. ^ Journal of the Historisches Verein für Steiermark, Volume 51 (1960): The Lords of the Grave. The story of a Styrian noble family. By Adalbert Sikora, p. 65
  144. ^ Publications of the Society for Franconian History: Representations from the Franconian history . Commission publisher F. Schöningh, 1971 ( google.at [accessed April 24, 2020]).
  145. ↑ The protocol and judgment books of the Royal Court of Justice from the years 1465 to 1480 , Volume 2, p. 1603; edited by Friedrich Battenberg, Bernhard Diestelkamp, ​​Christine Magin
  146. ^ Adalbert Sikora: The gentlemen from the pit in the journal of the historical association for Styria. 51st year, Graz 1960, p. 55
  147. ↑ The Gallerinn on the Rieggersburg: historical novel with documents ..., Volume 2 by Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, p. 42
  148. ↑ Joseph August KUMAR: Mahlerische forays into the surroundings of the capital Grätz. With special consideration for patriotic history . Ms. Ferstl, 1815 ( google.at [accessed on May 18, 2020]).
  149. ^ Adalbert Sikora: The gentlemen from the pit in the journal of the historical association for Styria. 51st year, Graz 1960, pp. 66 and 92
  150. ^ Municipality of Deutsch Goritz. Old invalid municipal coats of arms