Timeline of the protests in Turkey in 2013
The timeline of the protests in Turkey 2013 shows events of the Gezi Park protests and solidarity anti-government actions in Turkey as well as corresponding national and international reactions over time. The timetable begins with the Gezi Park demonstrations from the end of May 2013.
April 13th
The first protest event in the form of a music festival took place on April 13th. At that time there were no clashes between the demonstrators and the police.
27.-30. May
At 10 p.m. on the night of May 27, three meters of a wall in Gezi Park was torn down and five trees were uprooted. Thereupon supporters of the interest group Taksim Dayanışma Bileşenleri Platformu stood in front of the construction machines and prevented further redesigning measures. After that, around 50 people gathered at Gezi Park and pitched tents to prevent the trees from being felled.
After the construction work had been hindered by the lobby group the previous evening, the excavators moved forward again on the morning of May 28 to demolish the walls of the park, until this project was carried out by the parliamentary representative of the Peace and Democracy Party (BDP) Sırrı Süreyya Önder stopped. Önder wanted to see written approval for this construction project from the governor, the police and the AKP government. With the help of the Zabıta ( city police ), the square could still be partially cleared and the demolition continued. Although there was no physical resistance, the police used tear gas.
On May 29, after the police officers' behavior towards the demonstrators became known, more people gathered and pitched tents to occupy Gezi Park. A program was organized by the demonstrators for the day; It was planned to meet at 7:30 a.m. at Gezi Park, to give a press release at 12:30 p.m., a concert at 6 p.m. and a film at 10 p.m. In the course of the day, other prominent figures from public life joined them, such as the Vice President of the Republican People's Party (CHP) Gürsel Tekin , the singer Can Bonomo and the actors Memet Ali Alabora and Okan Bayülgen . Devrim Evin , the leading actor in the monumental historical film Fetih 1453 , which was described as a propaganda film that glorifies war and which was accused of having a neo-Ottoman orientation and amalgamation of religiosity and patriotism in line with Erdoğan's government , announced his participation in the short message service Twitter and his boycott of the film premiere on May 29 to the protests.
At 5 a.m. on May 30th, the police again attacked demonstrators. Shortly thereafter, press releases from the CHP and BDP followed. Another press release at 10 a.m. was prevented by police intervention. In protest against this practice, the number of demonstrators in Taksim Square rose until evening.
31. May
On May 31st, Turkish police cordoned off the square. They then drove out the demonstrators by using tear gas , pepper spray and water cannons against them. The demonstrators shouted "You are going to kill us!" And threw stones at the police officers.
Sırrı Süreyya Önder was in the middle of a crowd that was staging a sit-in in Gezi Park when police stepped in to disperse the crowd. He was hit in the shoulder by a tear gas shell bullet and had to be treated at Taksim İlk Yardım Hospital . The trade unionist and author Ahmet Şık was also shot and taken to hospital with a head wound. Tens of thousands of people marched around Taksim Square and across the Bosphorus Bridge . According to the Association of Turkish Doctors, around 1,000 people were injured that day, six of whom lost their eyesight after being hit by gas cartridges.
June 1st
Prime Minister Erdoğan admitted in a televised address on Saturday that "the use of pepper gas by the security forces [...] was a mistake"; The arrest of over 900 people was also inappropriate. He announced that he wanted to continue building the shopping center in Gezi Park and said that the police would remain present in the city center on Saturday and Sunday. The Turkish President Abdullah Gül then called for calm and prudence. The protests have now reached "worrying levels". He asked everyone involved, demonstrators as well as police officers, to act with "common sense". He asked the police to respond "appropriately" to the protests. The Interior Ministry announced that it would hold “those responsible for the disproportionate violence against demonstrators” responsible.
On the afternoon of June 1, the police left at 4 p.m. and left Gezi Park to the demonstrators. In the early evening, masses of demonstrators - more than a million according to press reports - in Istanbul called for Erdoğan's resignation. They reiterated their displeasure with the government with shouts such as “Government, resign” and (addressed to Prime Minister Erdoğan): “We are here, where are you?” There were also numerous opposition politicians and artists among the demonstrators. In the Beşiktaş district , some demonstrators tried to storm Erdoğan's official residence. Police fired more tear gas grenades and protesters set fire to a police car.
A summary of Erdoğan's recently given speech, which the Prime Minister's office sent all journalists, spoke, in contrast to the speech itself, as it had been understood by most Turkish journalists, of dialogue and of the fact that the government on Taksim Square is not a replica wanted to build an Ottoman barracks with a shopping center.
Since June 1st, all official webcams that broadcast live images from Istanbul over the Internet are no longer available. The reason for this should be maintenance work.
2th of June
On June 2, activists and night owls were demonstratively sitting on the sidewalks around Taksim and drinking beer. “Drink your beer at home,” Erdoğan replied as justification for the tightening of the alcohol law that had recently been passed. Hundreds of thousands marched from the Asian side over the Bosphorus Bridge into the old European part of the Bosphorus metropolis in the direction of Gezi Park.
The police again used tear gas and pepper spray to keep demonstrators away from Prime Minister Erdoğan's official residence.
In Ankara, around 1,000 young people marched to the central Kızılay Square , where they were met by a massive contingent of security forces with tear gas. The protester, Ethem Sarısülük , was fatally injured by a shot in the head. While the injured and doctors were in a voluntary clinic that was set up in the Mülkiyeliler Birliği alumni community in Ankara on the night of June 2, the clinic was intervened with tear gas. According to information from the opposition, there were also mass arrests in Ankara.
Interior Minister Muammer Guler ordered the police to withdraw to allow the demonstrators to occupy Taksim Square again. They then came back to the square with garbage bags and cleared away the rubble and tear gas canisters.
In the afternoon Erdoğan announced that he did not have to " ask permission from some marauders " for projects . He also announced that he would demolish the Ataturk Cultural Center in Taksim Square and build an opera and a mosque in its place.
In a statement by the “Taksim Solidarity Group” on June 2nd in Turkish and English, motives for the protest against the Taksim project are summarized.
3rd of June
Another 500 demonstrators were arrested on the night of June 2-3. In a television interview on Monday morning, Erdoğan accused the opposition Republican People's Party of being responsible for these protests. After many of the demonstrators had organized themselves via social networks , he described social media such as the short message service Twitter as "the greatest threat to society". He continued to defend his course, calling the protests marginal and the demonstrators " Çapulcu ", meaning looters or rabble . However, the protest movement reinterpreted the disparaging word and used the term intended as an insult as an ironic and proud self-designation of Erdoğan's opponents: “We are all Çapulcu!” Erdoğan's statement, which the demonstrators perceived as absurd, was thus mockingly turned against him and his authority . For example, a doctor posed with a poster in his hand that said Dr. Çapulman . In addition, the Gezi Park was declared Çapulcu Park . As the day before, Erdoğan declared that he could bring far more people to the streets. He wasn't trying to de-escalate; Among other things, he said that it was difficult for him to keep the 50% of Turks who voted for him in their homes. This can be seen as a threat of civil war .
In Istanbul there were over 1,480 injured by June 3, 414 in Ankara and 420 in Izmir. On June 3, an AKP building was set on fire in Izmir.
Three protesters raised $ 55,000 in one day through a fundraiser in Taksim. The aim was to buy a double-sided advertisement in the New York Times and explain the events in Turkey there. This advertisement called for an end to police violence, free and independent media and a dialogue instead of the dictatorship of an autocrat. The donations are processed via the Indiegogo crowdfunding platform . It's still being collected to serve more ads. 36 hours after the appeal began, the donation totaled $ 85,000. By the morning of June 6th, $ 100,000 had been donated. The double-sided ad in the New York Times entitled What's happening in Turkey? released.
Erdoğan went on a trip from June 3 to 6 through the states of Morocco , Algeria and Tunisia . In the evening, Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu , who was in Rabat with Erdoğan on his North Africa trip , denied in a telephone interview with Christiane Amanpour of CNN that there were plans to build a shopping center in Gezi Park. Abdullah Gül announced that the "message of the protests [had] been understood". Democracy means more than just voting.
On June 3, many prices on Turkish stock exchanges fell. The stock index on the Istanbul Stock Exchange fell 10.47%; the rate of the Turkish lira also fell.
June 4th
In Istanbul, on the night of June 3rd to 4th, there were again massive riots between police and demonstrators. The police are said to have mobilized members of AKP youth organizations for their fight and again used tear gas against the demonstrators. The first deaths have been officially confirmed. Medical associations and human rights organizations now speak of 1,700 people injured in Istanbul, whereas the Turkish government only reports 173 injured.
The actions of the Erdoğan government were sharply condemned in a joint statement on June 4 by the Turkish trade union umbrella organization DİSK , the Turkish alliance of trade unions in the public service KESK , the Turkish medical association TTB and the Turkish chamber for engineers and architects TMMOB . The term “ fascism ” is used in connection with the AKP and a quote from Erdoğan (“Kendi halkına zuüm eden iktidar, meşruiyetini bitirmiş demektir.”) Is used to argue that abuse of power against one's own people leads to delegitimation.
In the afternoon, protesters published a leaflet that read, “Tayyip do you know Istanbul United? Since 31 May 2013. “- on the cover you can see an emblem that unites the three rival Istanbul soccer clubs Fenerbahçe , Galatasaray and Beşiktaş into one. This is backed up with a photo that was taken during the protests. It shows a supporter of each of these football clubs demonstrating together on the Bosporus Bridge.
Bülent Arınç , Deputy Prime Minister Erdoğan, apologized to the demonstrators for the police actions at the beginning of the protests.
June 5th
On the night of June 5, 14 people were arrested in Izmir for calling for the protests on Twitter; ten other apartments were searched. They are accused of "spreading misleading information and abuse". Article 216 of the Turkish Penal Code was named as the legal basis . According to this, anyone who publicly calls for hatred and enmity against sections of the population and thereby represents a danger to peace becomes a criminal offense.
While President Abdullah Gül said on June 3 that he understood the message of the protests, Prime Minister Erdoğan replied that he could not read any message from the events. Meanwhile he was on his four-day journey to North Africa. According to Erdoğan, the problems would have been resolved when he returned on Thursday, June 6th.
On the evening of June 5, Vice Prime Minister Bülent Arınç reported the first balance of the unrest to the press, which, contrary to the figures published by the Turkish Medical Association TTB of well over 4,000 injured, only spoke of 64 injured, but emphasized that 244 police officers were injured and 317 police vehicles were burned or otherwise damaged. Arınç also said that he understood the demonstrators' “ecological sensitivity”, but that further demands were directed “against Turkey, its economy and unity”. He said it was worth considering "that the exaggerated reporting of the international media targets Turkey's international power".
6th of June
On the night of June 6th, thousands of demonstrators gathered again in Taksim. Since that night was the Prophet Muhammad's night trip and thus a religious holiday , the demonstrators did not expect any attacks by the police. After Erdoğan had already insulted the demonstrators as “marauders” on June 2, he dismissed the protests, which began as a demonstration for environmental protection, as being manipulated by left-wing extremists . He also claimed that some of the demonstrators were "linked to terrorism ". It is the same "left terrorist group" that is said to have been responsible for an attack against the US embassy in Ankara in February 2013. The demonstrations have lost their democratic legitimacy and should now be viewed as vandalism .
The ruling AKP launched a campaign when Erdoğan returned from his overseas tour and organized buses to gather supporters at Istanbul Ataturk Airport . Erdoğan commented on the dead and said that the martyrdom of one of his police officers was at least as important as that of the demonstrators. Erdoğan's followers shouted slogans such as “Let's crush them all” and “We would die for you, Erdoğan”.
The number of injured rose again from the evening of June 5 to the evening of June 6 by over 400 from 4,355 to 4,785, including another seriously injured person. According to the organization Reporters Without Borders , 14 journalists alone have been injured.
June 7th
On the night of June 6th and 7th, tens of thousands of demonstrators gathered in the streets around Taksim Square. In Izmir, Adana, Ankara and Eskişehir, demonstrators were driven apart with batons by people in civilian clothes, as at the beginning of the protests in Istanbul. The interior ministry then initiated investigations in this direction.
From the early morning onwards, numerous people with provisions and blankets moved to Taksim Square and Gezi Park, where a tent city had been growing for days. They are thus defying Erdoğan's call on June 7th to end the protests immediately. The demonstrations, Erdoğan declared, had turned into vandalism and lawlessness. Erdoğan vehemently rejected criticism of his leadership at a conference in Istanbul in front of numerous foreign guests, claiming that 17 people were killed while cracking down on “Occupy Wall Street” protests in the USA. The US embassy in Ankara denied his allegation.
In Adana Province, police again arrested at least five Twitter users who were accused of spreading disinformation through the short message service. Seven other suspects are being searched.
After the police had held back at some hot spots on the night of June 8th, the protests remained quiet at first. Thousands of people demonstrated peacefully in Taksim Square and several other cities. Die Zeit speaks of a total of 100,000 people who had made the night of June 7th to 8th into a "huge festival".
But clashes occurred again in the Sultangazi district of Istanbul on the night of June 7th and 8th. The police moved in with tear gas and water cannons to clear barricades set up by demonstrators, while protesters, according to Turkish media, threw incendiary devices, explosives and fireworks at the security forces.
8th June
On June 8th, thousands of demonstrators with Turkish flags took part in a solidarity rally in downtown Berlin.
On June 8th, the ruling party AKP rejected the demand to hold new elections and thus bring the parliamentary elections forward. The leader of the far-right Nationalist Movement Party (MHP), Devlet Bahçeli , called for new elections on June 8, after joining the anti-government protest movement a few days earlier. To mobilize his supporters, Erdoğan first visited Adana, Mersin and, at the end of the day, Ankara, where he spoke at AKP rallies. Erdoğan once again described the protesters as "marauders" who tried to prevent progress in Turkey with protests. They did not understand anything about freedom and had prevented women with headscarves from studying for ten years [...]. In conclusion, he asked if this was the freedom they meant.
According to eyewitness reports, on the evening of June 8th, tens of thousands of football fans gathered in Taksim Square and the surrounding streets than on the days before. Thousands of fans of the rival football clubs Fenerbahçe , Beşiktaş , including the left-wing group Çarşı , Galatasaray and Trabzonspor , founded in 1982 , met in Taksim. Supporters of the Fenerbahçe club, founded in 1907, left their Şükrü Saracoğlu stadium in Kadıköy at 7:07 p.m., as they did on May 31 . According to its founding year, Beşiktaş left the Inönü Stadium at 7:03 p.m., Galatasaray left the Türk Telekom Arena at 7:05 p.m. Some of the demonstrators went to the roof of the Ataturk Cultural Center , which Erdoğan wants to demolish and build a mosque and an opera house in its place, and put up banners.
In Ankara, police used water cannons and tear gas on the night of June 8th and 9th to disperse around 10,000 demonstrators who had gathered in Kızılay Square on the afternoon of June 8th. In Istanbul, too, water cannons were used again to break through the demonstrators' barricades. According to the TTB, the number of injuries caused by the events in Ankara increased from 4785 by 74 to 4859 from the evening of June 6th alone to 6pm on June 8th.
June 9th
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According to the Deutschlandradio correspondent Christian Buttkereit, the weekend was “probably the biggest demonstration since the start of the uprising”. In many cities, tens of thousands of people took to the streets, such as in Istanbul, Izmir or Ankara. The protesters in the tent city in Gezi Park now had mobile toilets and a generator.
Erdoğan appeared several times on June 9 in front of his religious-conservative supporters. He again insulted the protesters as looters and vandals and declared that they had attacked his " headscarf-wearing daughters and sisters [...]". They broke into the Dolmabahçe Mosque with beer bottles and shoes . Once it was forbidden for his "headscarf-wearing sisters" to participate in university operations. But they persevered and never called for violence. It is shameless of the foreign media to speak of the Turkish Spring . The Turkish Spring took place on November 3, 2002 , when his government took office. Erdoğan threatened the demonstrators that all patience would come to an end. Nobody is entitled to portray Turkey as a country in which terror rages.
It had previously been reported that in the course of the protests in some quarters of Istanbul there had been attacks against women wearing headscarves. During the serious clashes with the police in Istanbul's Beşiktaş district, demonstrators had also used a mosque a week earlier to provide poor relief to the wounded there. However, the imam of the mosque disagreed with Erdoğan, saying it was an emergency, but no one had consumed alcohol. The representation of Erdoğan regarding the Dolmabahçe Mosque was also denied in a press release by the Central Council of the TTB.
Hüseyin Avni Mutlu , the governor of Istanbul, is said to have apologized on Twitter for the police's crackdown and to have shown solidarity with the demonstrators. “I would like to be by your side,” he wrote, even though he is a member of the AKP himself.
The chairman of the 2012 founded in resistance to the police management union Emniyet-Sen , Faruk Sezer, said that already six policemen suicide had committed. The police officers were forced to work on the streets for 120 hours.
On June 9, the Central Council of the Turkish Medical Association TTB reported that, according to the Medical Association in Izmir, on June 2, the medical colleague Özlem Aydın was attacked by the police. The medical association in Izmir condemned the "brutal" police operation, in which the doctor was injured in the head with a baton as a volunteer. Her physical injury was documented by a forensic examination. The Turkish Internet media reported on June 4 that anesthesiology and resuscitation specialist Özlem Aydın said she was injured in the head by a police attack with a baton.
On the night of June 10, according to reports by the Turkish media, police again cracked down on demonstrators in several cities, including Ankara and Adana. In Adana, according to CNN Türk, the police temporarily arrested a total of 13 other Twitter users who were accused of inciting unrest and coordinating attacks on police forces over the Internet.
June 10th
On June 10, President Abdullah Gül signed a highly controversial law that further restricts the sale and serving of alcohol.
From 6 p.m. on June 8 to the same time on June 10, the number of injured people increased by 88 from 4,859 to 4,947, according to the TTB on June 11, including five more seriously injured people and one more dead. Ankara was particularly hard hit, with the number of injuries rising from 1,229 to 1,297. The number of people in critical condition rose from three to seven, five of whom fell in Istanbul.
June 11th
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On the morning of June 11th, police in armored SUVs stormed Taksim Square without warning. Again, tear gas and water cannons were used against hundreds of demonstrators. The demonstrators then threw stones and Molotov cocktails at the emergency services. Before that, the police appealed to the demonstrators to withdraw: “Dear Gezi friends. We are unhappy with the situation. We don't want to intervene. We don't want to hurt anyone. Please withdraw ”. Activists in Gezi Park distanced themselves from incidents such as the throwing of incendiary devices and declared that "they were provocateurs appointed by the police ". Kadir Topbaş , Mayor of Istanbul, announced on June 10th that he would no longer use violence in Gezi Park in the near future. To remove the banners at the Ataturk Cultural Center, however, the emergency services came with water cannons and “large machines”.
After removing the banners that the protesters hung at the Ataturk Cultural Center on June 8, police officers hung a Turkish flag and a portrait of the state's founder, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, on the outside wall of the building. The police occupied Taksim Square and places in the vicinity of this square. Excavators moved forward to clear the barricades "which the occupiers of Taksim Square had previously erected from metal parts from a nearby construction site, barricades once left behind by the police and cars demolished in street fighting". It was only on June 10 that Erdoğan announced talks with the leaders of the demonstrators in Istanbul, whose preparations for the talks could now be affected by the massive police operation and the chaos in the center of Istanbul. However, the Taksim platform , which is one of the main organizations involved in the protests, said it had not been invited to the interview. It was also criticized that the delegation chosen by Erdoğan did not represent the activists and that the conversation was therefore merely a “political fig leaf”.
Erdoğan announced in Ankara that “this episode is now over”. Since the Gezi Park was “not an occupation zone”, he asked the demonstrators there to withdraw. He thanked the police officers for their work in Taksim. He continued to speak of an "illegal revolt against democracy", the aim of which was to "damage the Turkish economy". He ended his performance with the words: "Everything changes, but Tayyip Erdoğan does not change". The governor of Istanbul, Hüseyin Avni Mutlu, stated in an interview that “the responsibility for the clashes during the police operation is borne solely by social outsiders”.
In the late afternoon, telephone and internet connections kept breaking around Taksim Square. The demonstrators suspect that the government was using jammers "to make communication between the protesters more difficult or to prevent it". From around 11 p.m. it was reported that the lines were cut and cell phones could no longer establish a data connection. It was feared that in the next few days demonstrators might arm themselves in response to the forcible eviction of Taksim Square and that the police "would just wait to get legitimation for more severe violence". Some feared that a "final escalation of violence" could result in civil war.
Several cars were set on fire, and police officers repeatedly used tear gas so much that the fog spread to other parts of Istanbul. In addition to water cannons and tear gas, rubber bullets were also used by the police towards evening . Protesters shot with slingshots, threw stones and set fire to garbage cans so that the smoke that arises displaces that of the tear gas. A nearby hotel was converted into an improvised reception station for the injured. After sunset, Gezi Park was also stormed, where hundreds of people had pitched tents and set up camp. The media wrote about a "battlefield" in Taksim. About 35,000 people were in Taksim at the time of the riot.
In a public announcement that night, Hüseyin Avni Mutlu advised families to keep their children out of the area around Taksim Square or to pick them up there, as their lives would otherwise be in danger.
The action of the police was defended by Erdoğan: “What should we have done? Kneel down in front of these people and ask them to remove the banners? ”. Ibrahim Kalın , an adviser to Erdoğan, said in an interview on CNN that the protesters were “to blame for the escalation of violence” because they “did not limit themselves to the areas open to protests”. Markus Löning , the federal government's human rights commissioner, criticized the fact that “violence against people” should not be used under any circumstances. The responsibility for this lies "with those who have the political say".
In a judicial building in Çağlayan, in Şişli County bordering Beyoğlu , 73 lawyers (44 or 49 according to other sources) were arrested by the police after showing solidarity with the protests in Taksim Square. The lawyers demonstrated with shouts everywhere is Taksim, everywhere is resistance . The Turkish Bar Association (President: Metin Feyzioglu) protested sharply against the arrests.
In Ankara, too, clashes between demonstrators and police occurred late in the evening of June 11th. Security forces used tear gas and water cannons to disperse the demonstrators. Around 5,000 demonstrators took to the streets to call for the government to resign.
June 12
At 3 a.m., five tear gas capsules were thrown into the makeshift hospital in Gezi Park, where many people were now injured during the intensive police intervention.
The clashes in Istanbul continued until the morning of June 12th, during which the police and heavily armed forces had attacked more than 30,000 demonstrators with water cannons, tear gas and rubber bullets since June 11th, and the situation after ten days of mostly peaceful protests was dramatic had tightened. Hundreds of people were injured and dozens were arrested. From the early evening of June 10th to the early evening of June 12th, the number of injuries increased by 2531 from 4947 to 7478. 2500 of these new injuries fell in Istanbul. In Istanbul on June 12 alone, over 70 people suffered head injuries (including a cerebral haemorrhage caused by head trauma), one person suffered acute abdominal trauma , 35 suffered arm and leg fractures, and one person lost an eye. There were over 130 injuries related to rubber bullets.
The police managed to evacuate Taksim Square from the demonstrators. In the early morning of June 12, most of the rubble in Taksim Square and the fortifications that the demonstrators had built were bulldozed. Several hundred demonstrators withdrew to the back streets of the square and Gezi Park during the massive tear gas use by the police. Some protesters wrote their blood types on their arms in the event of serious injuries . After security forces broke into the protest camp on the evening of June 11th - despite prior assurances to the contrary by the authorities not to evacuate the protest camp in Gezi Park - the demonstrators stayed in the camp on the early morning of June 12th.
UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon called on everyone involved to calm down and engage in peaceful dialogue.
In front of the Ataturk Cultural Center on Taksim Square, after hoisting two huge Turkish flags, hundreds of police officers called out my life for my fatherland and everything for the fatherland, the blood flows for the flag .
There was a demonstration in front of the Turkish television station NTV against the news presenter Oğuz Haksever because he claimed in a broadcast on June 11 that tear gas was not used against the people in Gezi Park. At 12 noon, 3,000 lawyers protested in front of a judicial building in Ankara against the arrest of demonstrating colleagues the day before. Lawyers have also gathered in Istanbul, Gaziantep, Marmaris and other provinces of Turkey for the same reason.
On the evening of June 12, the media reported that Hüseyin Çelik, spokesman for the ruling AKP party, announced the possibility of a referendum . Çelik also asked the demonstrators to leave Gezi Park.
Erdoğan announced at a meeting with representatives of the merchants' chambers that he had given his interior minister the order to put an end to the whole thing within 24 hours. He also announced that the protests were not just about a few trees, but that the events would be controlled by foreign forces and an unspecified “interest lobby”. Foreign provocateurs sneaked into the protesters, whom he called "our children". Erdoğan said groups close to Israel would be happy about the protests.
On a grand piano in front of the Monument to the Republic in Taksim Square, pianist Davide Martello played all night. He stated that he wanted to campaign for freedom and human rights. He took turns with another artist who sang Turkish ballads, which the audience joined. The mood remained peaceful and the police did not intervene that night.
June 13th
42 people were arrested around Gezi Park for wearing construction helmets, gas masks or medical face masks. According to lawyer Deniz Tuna, the utensils were considered criminal evidence.
The General Assembly of the European Parliament expressed its "deep concern" and criticized the "disproportionate and excessive" violence against peaceful demonstrators. The head of government contributed to the polarization "because he refuses to take conciliatory steps and to understand the reaction of part of the Turkish population", it said in a joint resolution of various parties that was passed on June 13th. The Turkish government should “respect the right of all citizens to freedom of expression, peaceful assembly and peaceful protest”. The disproportionate and excessive use of force by the Turkish police should be condemned, those responsible for the violence should be held accountable and the victims should be compensated. Erdoğan stated in a speech to mayors of his party that the decision of the European Parliament was void and that his patience had reached the end. He is of the opinion that "no state or confederation can teach Turkey a lesson".
Health Minister Mehmet Müezzinoğlu announced that the hospitals around Gezi Park were illegal and that legal action would be taken against all those who treated patients or prescribed medication there. The central council of the TTB countered the allegation of illegality in a press release on June 13th, stating that not providing assistance, but failing to provide assistance was a criminal offense, and referred to Article 98 of the Turkish Penal Code and various bioethical conventions in medicine.
Interior Minister Muammar Guler revised the term referendum, as it only applies to constitutional amendments. Instead, he spoke of an opinion poll among the Istanbul population. According to Article 15 of the city administration law, such an interview is allowed.
In response to Hüseyin Avni Mutlu's public announcement on June 11, in which he advised families to keep their children away from the area around Taksim Square or to pick them up there, as their lives would otherwise be in danger, hundreds of mothers of Protesters formed a human chain around Gezi-Park and shouted “Mama is everywhere, resistance is everywhere”.
Police in Ankara used tear gas against demonstrators on the night of June 14th.
14th June
After talks with representatives of the Taksim platform , government spokesman Hüseyin Çelik announced a solution in the early morning of June 14, signaling that the Turkish government would give in to the original dispute over Gezi Park. The government now intends to await the final decision of the court that had stopped construction on Gezi Square. If necessary, the government will accept a judicial confirmation of the construction stop in the pending appeal proceedings. If the court does not confirm the construction freeze, however, the government intends to leave the final decision to the population in a referendum. Çelik pointed out the rule of law in Turkey, whose government must respect court decisions. The members of the Taksim platform welcomed the decision, but wanted to leave the final decision on how to end the week-long protests to the demonstrators.
The government expressed its expectation that the protesters pull down their tents and that the solidarity camp in Kuğulu Park in Ankara will be broken up. Eight artists, including the actor Halit Ergenç , the pop singer Sertab Erener , the poet Sunay Akın , the singers Mahsun Kırmızıgül and Yavuz Bingöl , the actors Ceyda Düvenci and Ali Sunal and the producer Nebil Özgentürk came to Ankara for the talks.
In a speech given to the AKP provincial boards, Erdoğan complained that the protests had been falsely reported at home and abroad for two weeks. With the question of who pressed the button, he alluded to the third party responsible for the actions in his view. The events around the Gezi Park would be used for very specific interests. Such "lying operations" could well take place in banana republics , but not in "his" country. He also criticized the decision of the European Parliament from the previous day. Addressing the German government, he said that he did not need any advice and that Germany should only offer its advice after it had cleared up the NSU murders. Erdoğan also stated that police operations in neighboring EU countries would not proceed any differently than in Turkey. However, as usual, attempts would be made to slander Turkey.
From the early evening of June 12th to the early evening of June 14th, another 17 people were injured in Ankara, bringing the total number of injuries to 7,495.
15th June
Erdoğan, who in the previous two weeks repeatedly switched between new threats and signals to give in, issued an ultimatum in the morning and ordered that all demonstrators have to leave Gezi Park by June 16, otherwise he will evicted by force. However, the police began the evacuation at dusk. At that time there were still many tourists and families with children in the park who had spent the afternoon with the demonstrators. Boris Kálnoky judged in the world that the people in the park did not feel threatened, very few had heard Erdoğan's speech an hour earlier in the capital Ankara, which he gave in front of tens of thousands of his supporters. In this speech Erdoğan had said that the protests were the result of an international conspiracy whose backers he knew and which he would soon expose. Nobody can intimidate the government. She accepts commands or instructions "from no one but God". A parliamentary journalist noted in Ankara that “such a language [Turkey] has not heard for a long time” and that it was “last spoken during the times of the military dictatorship”. Veli Ağbaba, a member of the opposition CHP, criticized Erdoğan's behavior because he “apparently sees half of the Turkish people as his enemies” and pits people against one another.
Initially, pop grenades and massive CS gas were used, then heavily armed groups of hundreds advanced into Gezi Park. The barricades that had been erected around the park in the past two weeks were bulldozed. Water cannons were used in Taksim Square and the adjacent pedestrian zones. Photos of injuries circulated on Twitter to confirm that the water of some water cannons had corrosive substances. The German politician Claudia Roth was in Gezi Park when the eviction began, speaking to the peaceful protesters. Regarding the police action, she said: “It's like in war. They chase people through the streets and fire targeted tear gas grenades at people ”. She stressed that the mood in the protest camp had previously been peaceful. Hundreds of demonstrators fled like them, initially to the nearby luxury Hotel Divan, which has housed the central improvised first aid hospital since Friday, May 31, the day of the greatest police violence in Istanbul. On the evening of June 15, many people, including children, were taken to the hospital. Many vomited or passed out. Police followed the crowd, tried to storm the hotel and shot tear gas grenades into the building. The tent city was cleared away by clearance vehicles; The 18-day occupation of Gezi Park was thus ended within less than half an hour. After passers-by and demonstrators fled to the Hilton Hotel, police followed them, confiscated all medical supplies and destroyed the demonstrators' breathing masks and goggles. Officials participating in the action illegally made their helmet identification numbers illegible.
After the evacuation of the Gezi Park, there were clashes between demonstrators and the police in several inner-city areas. Tens of thousands gathered in the surrounding neighborhoods of Istanbul to demonstrate the continuation of the protest. The demonstrators again called for the government to resign. Visitors to the restaurants and local residents applauded or made a noise with objects such as pots and pans to show their solidarity with the protest movement. The writer Elif Şafak shared on Twitter: "I've never been so hopeless". The activists announced that the protests would continue. Police followed unarmed demonstrators into hospitals and hotels and shot tear gas at the entrances. The “German Hospital” near Taksim Square ( Taksim Alman Hastanesi in Turkish ), in which around 40 injured people were treated, was sprayed by water cannons around 3:30 am local time, and the police forced access. Police used tear gas in the hospital and beat people with batons.
Egemen Bağış , Turkey’s European Minister, warned the population that anyone who went to Taksim Square would be classified as a terrorist . The ruling party AKP announced a large demonstration in Istanbul on June 16.
The TTB called for an urgent halt to police intervention and a large number of ambulances and paramedics to be sent to Taksim.
On the night of June 15-16, tens of thousands of demonstrators marched from the Asian side over the Bosphorus Bridge to the European side of Istanbul to get to Taksim. The Turkish gendarmerie , which is responsible, among other things, for internal security and the maintenance of public order, took an active part in the events for the first time since the protests began and advanced with water cannons to work with the police to prevent demonstrators from reaching Taksim Square .
In Eskişehir , too , 50,000 people demonstrated solidarity again.
Opposition media reports compared the events of that day with those of the military coup on September 12, 1980 and blamed the AKP for it. According to the protest movement, hundreds of people were injured on the night of June 16.
According to Istanbul Governor Hüseyin Avni Mutlu, at least 29 people were injured in the clashes on the night of June 16.
June 16
On the morning of June 16, further clashes took place.
After the paramilitary Jandarma , the Turkish gendarmerie , guarded individual districts of Istanbul with water cannons on the night of June 16, around 500 emergency services took position on the morning of June 16 at the Bosphorus Bridge. Further clashes took place between police and demonstrators. In addition to the gendarmes, other police officers from Southeast Anatolian provinces were transferred to Istanbul and deployed. According to media reports, the Jandarma troops were gathered in the Mecideköy district of Istanbul to be deployed if necessary.
Ethem Sarısülük's funeral parade in Ankara was disrupted by massive police operations using water cannons and CS gas. The planned funeral ceremony could therefore not be held. The authorities in Ankara had warned in advance of a gathering in honor of Ethem Sarısülük, who was shot two weeks earlier during the protests. The gathering took place around Kızılay Square with a heavy police presence , in a different part of the city than the actual funeral procession. While the deceased's brother tried to stop the traffic, the police fired tear gas and water cannons at the demonstrators, whereupon the stones threw them at the police and set up makeshift barricades to block the streets. At lunchtime, the move from the Batıkent district to Kızılay was stopped by riot police and gendarmerie units. A short time later, the police intensified their police raid on demonstrators in Kızılay Square. The police used water cannons and pepper gas against journalists and people around them. The water cannons and other armored vehicles carried out dangerous maneuvers without considering traffic safety and thereby put the lives of the people in Kızılay Square at risk. In addition, the police intervened with water cannons and tear gas against the large crowd of people waiting with carnations in Kızılay. There were clashes between demonstrators and police in side streets.
A large number of people were forcibly prevented by riot police from going to Kızılay Square to commemorate Ethem Sarısülük at the place where his death was caused. There they had wanted to gather and put down red carnations.
The police once again used tear gas against demonstrators on Independence Street , which opens into Taksim Square . Police shot tear gas into buildings where many of the protesters fled. Doctors who treated wounded activists were also arrested.
14-year-old Berkin Elvan was hit in the head by a tear gas cartridge in the Okmeydanı district . He suffered a skull fracture and died after nine months in a coma on March 11, 2014 as a result of the gunshot wound.
When asked by a journalist about the nature of the additives that had been mixed into the water from the water cannons, the governor replied that they were “not chemicals” but “medication”. According to a report by Hürriyet , the newspaper was able to show with photos that liquid pepper gas ( capsaicin or capsaicin derivatives) was added to the water . In the photos, a water cannon is being filled with a ten-liter canister labeled “Jenix” - the brand name of a pepper spray. According to the head of the Istanbul Medical Association, Ali Çerkezoğlu, people who came into contact with the water had an allergic reaction . Protesters reported severe skin irritation, rashes or "skin burns" caused by chemicals added to the water cannons. The governor of Istanbul confirmed that the police water cannons had been mixed with an irritant that caused severe skin irritation.
The TTB published an "urgent appeal" on June 16. Accordingly, since May 31, the police have been trying to suppress the "peaceful and legitimate demonstrations" and rigorously use "chemical gases" against defenseless masses of civilians. Before the police completely blocked medical help for injured people on the “disaster” night of June 15, according to the TTB, and excluded the operation of health services, the TTB started an Internet-based study to determine the health-endangering effects of this to point out gases directed at defenseless people. Within a week, over 11,000 people said they were affected by gas exposure. Only 5% of the people were admitted to hospitals. Collecting data from people admitted to hospitals prevents people from going to hospitals and seeking medical help. The Ministry of Health has launched an investigation against the Istanbul Medical Association, which organizes the voluntary work of the doctors. A doctor was arrested in Istanbul. There is much more evidence of the arrest of health care workers. According to the TTB, these data would prove the “witch hunt” taking place in Turkey. The TTB sees it as its obligation to inform the international community and to urge them to take action against the "brutal suppression of democratic demands".
According to the Turkish Bar Association, more than 400 people were arrested that day in Istanbul alone. In Ankara and Istanbul together, according to the Istanbul Public Prosecutor's Office, almost 600 people were arrested on June 16 during protests.
From the evening of June 14th to the evening of June 16, there were 185 other injuries in Ankara alone, according to the TTB, including two seriously injured. Another person lost their sight. In Eskişehir, the police used water cannons and tear gas to break up the protest camp.
In the evening there was a mass event of hundreds of thousands to around one million supporters of the AKP on Kazlıçeşme Square in Istanbul- Zeytinburnu . Erdoğan spoke to his supporters for over an hour and accused foreign media and press agencies of drawing a distorted image of Turkey and the protests against him. Erdoğan threatened hoteliers with hiding protesters whom he called “terrorists”.
17th of June
On Monday, Deputy Prime Minister Bülent Arınç openly threatened the use of the paramilitary Jandarma and the army against the demonstrators and announced that all rallies and gatherings would be dissolved immediately: “There are police . If that's not enough, there is the jandarma . If that is not enough, there is the Turkish armed forces, ”warned Arınç. The demonstrations had nothing to do with the protests around Gezi Park in the center of Istanbul and were "no longer legal". Angela Merkel told the TV broadcaster RTL : "What is happening in Turkey at the moment does not correspond to our ideas of freedom to demonstrate and freedom of expression".
The Tagesschau reported on AKP supporters who attacked protesters armed with sticks and knives and were supported by the police. The KESK association had called various unions with a total of 240,000 members to strike today. Interior Minister Muammar Güler announced that Twitter and Facebook entries from the past three weeks would be checked for content relevant to criminal law. The CHP office in Istanbul's Şişli district was attacked. 1,000 people demonstrated in Ankara; Guler described the industrial action as an "illegal action".
The German Medical Association called on the Turkish government in connection with the protests in Taksim Square in Istanbul, to ensure medical care for the usual in the EU standards. Medical President Frank Ulrich Montgomery said about the press: "We need the absolute protection of auxiliaries". Doctors and nurses in the emergency hospitals should be able to provide help regardless of the person and should not be hindered from their work or declared combatants . The current action taken by the police against the medical staff is not compatible with the standards customary in Europe.
From the evening of June 14 to the evening of June 17, there were 132 other injuries in Istanbul alone, including two seriously injured. One of the seriously injured is 14-year-old Berkin Elvan, who sustained a life-threatening head injury.
18th of June
After days of protests, the night of June 18 was comparatively quiet. In Ankara, around 1000 people were on the streets during the night to protest against the government. The police intervened with water cannons and broke up the demonstration. Small protests were also reported from other locations.
On the night of June 18 , a silent protest that was spread via Twitter with the hashtag #duranadam as duran adam ( i.e. standing man ) occurred on Taksim Square in Istanbul , when initially a man stood motionless for hours and looked at the huge size Portrait of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, which was hanging on the Ataturk Cultural Center . The behavior is interpreted as an appeal for the continued existence of Turkey as a secular state in the manner represented by Ataturk, i.e. without the influence of religion on politics. When the so-called “standing man” later joined dozens of others in silent protest, the police finally intervened and arrested the silent demonstrators. The man who had started the silent protest was the choreographer Erdem Gündüz .
Faced with the threat from Deputy Prime Minister Bülent Arınç the previous day to use the Turkish army against the demonstrators, Claudia Roth demanded clear words from NATO : “The military alliance must exert political influence and make it clear that it will not accept the Turkish government with the army threatens and acts brutally with the security authorities ”. Turkey is a member of the Defense Alliance.
Counter-terrorism units raided homes in Ankara and Istanbul on June 18, and lawyers' associations said that more than 130 people were arrested in Ankara, Istanbul and Eskisehir. The detainees included people from various left and radical left organizations, including the Socialist Democracy Party (SDP), HDK, Socialist Platform of the Oppressed (ESP), Democratic Left Party (BDSP), Halkevleri, Kaldirac, and the Marxist-Leninist Communist Party (MLCP); The offices of the radio station Özgür Radyo , the Atilim newspaper and the ETHA news agency were also searched. These measures were directed against a "conspiracy" directed against Turkey, alleged by Erdoğan and disseminated by various AKP-affiliated media, for which he blamed foreign powers and domestic putschist forces. Die Zeit wrote that the Turkish government would apparently apply the anti-terror law in the event of the raids and condemned this procedure as a "gateway for arbitrary state choice".
The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNHCR), Navanethem Pillay , called on the Turkish government to end excessive police violence against demonstrators. The Turkish government is responsible for ensuring that security forces respect internationally recognized human rights at all times: "Any excessive use of force must be punished if confidence in the authorities' readiness for the rule of law is to be restored". She called on the government to allow and protect peaceful protests.
On Taksim Square and in numerous other neighborhoods in Istanbul and other cities in Turkey, the number of “standing demonstrators” increased in the evening. Thousands of people protested motionless.
During the night there were further clashes with demonstrators in Eskişehir. The police had aimed water cannons at apartments in which demonstrators had fled.
Amnesty International has denounced this several times, for example in March 2013.
June 19th
In the three weeks of the protest, the police - according to the Milliyet newspaper - have fired 130,000 cartridges with irritant gas. 100,000 cartridges would be purchased at short notice to replenish supplies. In addition, 60 new water cannons would be ordered.
In an "urgent" press release from Gösteri Kontrol Ajanları Bilimsel Danışma Kurulu , the TTB demanded that the irritant known as oleoresin capsaicin as a pepper spray, along with other chemical warfare agents, be regarded as a chemical weapon and be banned immediately. While the TTB injury statistics assumed fewer than 8,000 known injuries, the TTB press release of June 19 stated that, according to the TTB results, "tens of thousands" of injuries due to "gas" use had occurred since May 31. Hundreds of people have severe organ damage. Dozens are in intensive care. The number of those indirectly killed is unknown.
Graduates of the vintage 2012/2013 politics Faculty Mülkiye of Ankara University wore when entering the podium for the closing ceremony on June 19 masks with the image of Ethem Sarısülük, the park Gezi protests-was killed by police fire during.
20-21 June
The Turkish EU Minister Egemen Bağış warned German Chancellor Merkel not to play with Turkey's accession to the EU (“If Ms. Merkel is looking for domestic issues for her election campaign, it shouldn't be Turkey”): Reuters news agency quoted Bağış with the words: "If Ms. Merkel will look at the matter, she will see that those who interfere in the affairs of Turkey do not come to a promising end."
Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle said on the same day that if Bağış had been reproduced correctly - this will still be checked - he, Westerwelle, would be “surprised and disturbed”. This is a language that should not be used together. A government should “not fear” the emergence of a civil society, but rather be happy about it - “especially if one wants to go to Europe”.
According to the TTB, nine more people were injured in Ankara, four in Eskişehir and another seriously injured person in Istanbul from the evening of June 17 to the evening of June 20.
On June 21, Bağış once again tightened the tone and threatened Merkel for the second time within two days; he presented the Chancellor with a kind of ultimatum until next Monday, June 24th, and called on her to "give up her reservations about Turkey's accession to the EU". A diplomatic ritual then took place ; the same day the Foreign Office appointed the Turkish ambassador Hüseyin Avni Karslıoğlu . In return, the German ambassador Eberhard Pohl was summoned to Ankara . Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu said the reason was statements by Pohl and "from Germany".
Eighteen members of the Socialist Party of the Oppressed (ESP) were arrested, according to the lawyers' association CHD and the television broadcaster NTV, on charges of "membership in a terrorist organization" and "destruction of public goods".
June 22
While there had been clashes in Ankara and other Turkish cities in the previous days, there had been no such events in Istanbul since the heavy clashes of June 16. After days of silent protest on the previous evenings, thousands again gathered in Taksim Square on Saturday, June 22nd to demonstrate against the government. The demonstration was peaceful until the use of the water cannons. People shouted “Taksim is everywhere”, waved flags with the words “Taksim Solidarity” and threw red carnations on the square and on the steps to the neighboring Gezi Park as a symbol of the labor movement . The demonstrators shouted "Policemen, do not betray your own people" and "pelted" them with the carnations. On the night of June 23, the police finally evacuated the square, using armored vehicles, water cannons and tear gas for the first time in days. During the evacuation of the square by the police, demonstrators occasionally threw bottles at police officers and water cannons. After midnight, the police succeeded in taking control of Taksim Square. Hundreds of riot police blocked the entrances to the square and then reopened it to traffic. On June 22nd alone, for example, there were 19 injuries from rubber bullets in Istanbul, two people suffered edema of the skull, one suffered injuries to the facial bones, eight suffered second-degree burns associated with the water from the water cannons, and 26 suffered from the Exposure to tear gas.
There were also demonstrations against the government in Ankara.
Erdoğan gave a speech to 15,000 supporters at an AKP rally in the Black Sea city of Samsun . He said “the interest lobby, the enemies of Turkey” had benefited and accused the demonstrators of disrespecting Islam: “Let them walk into our mosques in their shoes, let them drink alcohol in our mosques, let them have their hands against our girls in headscarves. One prayer from our people is enough to thwart their plans ”.
On the sidelines of a meeting of the Syria Contact Group in the Gulf Emirate of Qatar , Westerwelle and Davutoglu met for a conversation. The Turkish Minister for European Affairs, Bağış, moderated his rhetoric against Germany and assured him that his threats in the days before had been a “misunderstanding” and that he merely wanted to express his disappointment.
In Germany, tens of thousands of demonstrators from several countries came together at a large demonstration organized by Germany's Alevi community in Cologne to protest against the Turkish government.
23-27 June
According to the TTB, another 202 people were injured between the early evening of June 20 and the early evening of June 24, 197 of them in Istanbul and the rest in Ankara.
After it was reported on June 24th that the policeman accused of the murder of Ethem Sarısülüks had been released from custody while the proceedings were still in progress, thousands of demonstrators gathered in Istanbul's Kadıköy district on the same day to peacefully protest to protest the dismissal of the accused policeman. The crowd gathered in front of the famous bull statue late in the evening and moved with subsequent passers-by to a seated protest in Yoğurtçu Park in Kadıköy.
Also in Izmir on June 24th, organized via social networks, around 2,000 demonstrators gathered on Gündoğdu Square to initiate the Gezi Park protests with peaceful protest actions against the release of the, according to CNN Türk, “alleged murderer” from custody support.
While the anti-government protests had largely subsided after weeks of violent clashes in Istanbul and in Ankara city center, daily demonstrations of a small core continued in the Dikmen district of Ankara, which is inhabited by many members of the working class. According to the left-wing publication platform Nadir , hundreds of people are said to have erected barricades on Dikmen Street on the night of June 23. Water cannons, allegedly with “toxic water”, were also aimed at balconies in the main street, from which residents supported the demonstrators. Noise bombs and batons were also used and armored police vehicles are said to have fired gas grenades at eye level. On the night of June 24th, thousands of people from the communities of Dikmen, İlker and Sokullu once again flocked to the streets to protest, whereupon the street lights on Dikmen Street were turned off, on which, according to Nadir , "more than 10,000 people" had moved. The demonstrators then set up and set fire to barricades again and the police tried to clear them. In the late hours of June 26, fewer than 1,000 protesters erected improvised barricades and small beacons in Dikmen until they were dispersed early in the morning by special police units and water cannons. On the night of June 27, several thousand people marched through Dikmen in protest against the release of the policeman charged with killing Ethem Sarısülük until the police shot them with tear gas and water cannons to disperse them.
From June 24th to June 27th (6 p.m.) the number of injuries increased by three more in Ankara to a total of 8,041.
28-30 June
The clashes between the gendarmerie and demonstrators that broke out on June 28 in the ethnically-Kurdish province of Diyarbakır near Lice during the demonstrations of hundreds of people against the expansion of a gendarmerie base, and as a result Medeni Yıldırım, an 18-year-old Kurdish protester Ethnic groups who had been killed helped re-ignite the demonstrations in Istanbul. Just a few hours after the event, thousands of people demonstrated on the streets of Istanbul on the evening of June 28, chanting, among other things: "Everywhere is Lice, everywhere is resistance!"
The workers' union KESK and the Kurdish party BDP organized a protest on the morning of June 29th (a Saturday) by thousands of people in the streets of Istanbul with slogans like “We don't want a police station. We want peace! ”Chanted. The demonstrators organized themselves again in the evening via social networks. The BDP also called for a protest rally in front of the Galatasaray High School that evening against the use of the gendarmerie in the demonstration in Diyarbakır on June 28th. From there, the demonstrators marched to Taksim Square to continue the solidarity protest. Thousands of police officers had previously taken up positions there to prevent the demonstrators from entering the square. The demonstrators in Istanbul combined their protest against the government with both criticism of the release of the policeman charged with shooting Ethem Sarısülük and of the gendarmerie operation in Lice. According to Euronews , the solidarity rally of thousands of demonstrators in Istanbul was broken up by the police "with brutal violence". According to the international broadcaster Deutsche Welle , however, the intervention of the police was limited. According to other reports, the police asked the crowd to break up after about two hours and forcibly pushed the demonstrators into side streets where there were arrests, including foreigners. According to other reports, after a few hours, the majority of the demonstrators complied with the request to leave the demonstration. The rest had been pushed back by the riot police with shields and slowly moving water cannons without using the water cannons. After some demonstrators did not comply with the request to go home, the police followed them into the side streets of Taksim Square and arrested more than ten. The police also sealed off the entrances to Independence Street. According to witness reports, the police also used plastic bullets.
In Ankara and Istanbul, police again used tear gas and rubber bullets. In Ankara, police used tear gas and water cannons on June 29 against a group of 250 protesters who gathered in Kurtuluş Park near Ankara University and denounced the killing of Ethem Sarısülük. Protesters also shouted slogans for Medeni Yıldırım who was killed on June 28. The police followed the group into the park. Many uninvolved bystanders came under the influence of the use of gas. The previous month's Gezi Park protests in Ankara were among the most brutally suppressed by the police. Tensions also escalated in the Dikmen neighborhood in Ankara, where clashes between police and protesters broke out almost every night.
Hundreds of people protested in the streets of Izmir and Antalya on June 29th.
In Diyarbakır there were also street protests on June 29th against the shooting of the ethnic Kurdish demonstrator near Lice the previous day. At Yıldırım's funeral in Diyarbakır on June 29, hundreds shouted anti-government slogans. The coffin is said to have been decorated with PKK symbols.
The “Taksim Solidarity Group” published a press release in Turkish on June 29th, listing the three civilian casualties, Abdullah Cömert, Mehmet Ayvalıtaş and Ethem Sarısülük. She emphasizes that Ethem Sarısülük was shot dead by the police and that it is unacceptable to call this an act of self-defense and release the perpetrator. No investigation was carried out into the deaths of Abdullah Cömert and Mehmet Ayvalıtaş. The press release also lists the data on the wounded from the latest TTB injury statistics from June 27th. She also declares her solidarity with the demonstrators from Lice. The protesters called on the Taksim solidarity platform to report themselves to the prosecutors and to sign petitions in which they took full responsibility for the demonstrations.
100 Turkish artists and intellectuals, including Nobel laureate in literature Orhan Pamuk, published a call over the weekend warning of further polarization in society in view of the violence at the protests. There should be no suppression or defamation of art and artists. The newspaper Yeni Akit , classified as “ Islamist ”, had previously published a list of names of artists and intellectuals who supported the protest against the government, such as Kıvanç Tatlıtuğ, Zülfü Livaneli, Sezen Aksu, Kenan İmirzalıoğlu, Sertap Erener and Demet Akalın. The magazine as well as AKP politicians were accused of targeting the people in question. Journalists like Ayşe Arman or Can Ataklı are also denounced in a similar way.
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After the Turkish homosexual organization “LGBT Istanbul” called for its annual rally “ Gay Pride Istanbul ” march in Istanbul , “tens of thousands of Turks”, including homosexuals as well as bisexuals and transsexuals , called on June 30th with “a colorful parade in the Center of Istanbul more rights for gays and lesbians ”. The demonstrators marched with rainbow flags from Taksim Square down İstiklal Caddesi ( Independence Street ), the central shopping street in Istanbul; many are said to have chanted against the government. The police held back at the uneventful event, while passers-by, according to press reports, reacted controversially to the demonstration against homophobia . Several CHP MPs took part in the event, as did the German politicians Claudia Roth (Green Chairwoman) and Hakan Taş (Die Linke).
The youth association of the national religious party Büyük Birlik Partisi (BBP) had called for a counter-demonstration, which was screened by the police in order to prevent attacks against members of the "LGBT Istanbul".
On June 30, the provincial authorities announced that fire had been opened from among the protestors in the June 28 incident at Lice. In the background of the protests are drug smugglers .
The BDP politician and member of the Turkish parliament, Sırrı Sakık , who is considered to be Kurdish nationalist , called for a “violent suppression” of the demonstrations critical of the government through crackdown. The protests were used to hinder the peace process between the AKP and the PKK. He suspects a coup attempt by certain circles who are unable to defeat the AKP through democratic electoral processes and who therefore intended to overthrow the AKP government by preparing the framework for a military coup: “We believe that there is an evil intention behind their demands hidden ”, says Sakık.
1-5 July
On the night of July 1, police clashed with around 500 demonstrators in Mersin, during which the police used tear gas and water cannons. 17 people are said to have been injured , according to the Hürriyet report , among them a senior police officer and two journalists.
On July 3, it became known that the 1st administrative court in Istanbul had already held the corresponding development plans as void on June 6. An appeal can be lodged against the judgment. According to Hürriyet , however, the government has already announced that it will respect the judgment. On the evening of July 3rd, the protest alliance "Taksim Solidarity" announced that the court's decision showed that the demonstrators' struggle was justified. The alliance will continue its commitment.
The court followed an application from the Istanbul Chamber of Architects. Another reason given by the court was that the residents were not sufficiently informed about the project.
According to a Sabah report on July 4, Turkish authorities intended, citing official documents, to prosecute the left-wing hacker group RedHack on charges of “virtual terrorism” for inciting protests and crimes via Twitter.
On July 5, it was reported that the “Taksim Platform” protest alliance had called for another demonstration in Taksim Square on Saturday, July 6, at 6 pm. The Gezi-Park, which was closed by the police, should be returned to "the real owners, namely everyone". They also want to commemorate the dead and protest against police violence.
The anonymous group RedHack had also called for protests after attacking the website of the religious authorities and a database of the Istanbul administration in the previous weeks.
Hürriyet Daily News reported a third wave of protests-related arrests on July 5. Raids were carried out in Izmir in particular, but also in Istanbul, Manisa and Batman, in which 15 people were arrested. They are accused of throwing Molotov cocktails and damaging private property.
July 6th
On July 6, the security forces in Istanbul beat back thousands of demonstrators on their way to Taksim Square and in the evening again took massive action against thousands to tens of thousands of largely peaceful demonstrators on the edge of Taksim Square with water cannons and tear gas grenades. For example, the police used water cannons and tear gas on the Independence Street leading to Taksim Square against around 3,000 demonstrators who wanted to gather on Taksim Square and cleared the shopping street. Two water cannons sped at full speed using their water cannons at peaceful demonstrators who were panicking and trying to get to safety. Police chains have already cordoned off Taksim Square at the access roads. After the use of the water cannons began, demonstrators occasionally threw paving stones at the security forces. According to the Welt , young members of left-wing activist groups were involved in the direct clashes , some of whom were professionally equipped with expensive gas masks and construction workers' helmets. The police also pursued protesters in smaller back streets of Independence Street and other roads leading to Taksim Square. The clashes continued there for hours. According to the world , paint balls that were shot with compressed air were used, which are known locally as "rubber balls" and could cause dangerous eye injuries. Information about the injured was initially not available, but the use of numerous ambulances became known. Many people complained of irritated eyes and airways due to the use of tear gas. Children and tourists are also said to have been affected. According to the World , hospitals have reported broken nasal bones and lower extremity fractures. There were again numerous arrests in the side streets.
Amateur videos show how several men with long machete-like knives arbitrarily attack demonstrators and passers-by who are fleeing from the police using tear gas. In particular, the pictures show several machete attacks by a man on demonstrators or passers-by. However, the police did not arrest him. After the video was published, the man's name and address became known via social media.
Protesters held up copies of the court ruling that the park was free to enter and that the police did not have the right to keep the park, which had been forcibly cleared since June 16, closed. They called on the police to end the "illegal" occupation of the park by the state. A day or two before the planned protest, Istanbul's governor Hüseyin Avni Mutluer said that the park would open "when the protests stop". A few hours before it began, he had then declared the mass rally planned for July 6th on Taksim Square to be illegal and also announced via Twitter that Gezi Park would reopen on July 7th or July 8th at the latest.
In the Turkish parliament there was a dispute over the protests between MPs from the AKP and the opposition. An AKP MP suffered a laceration on the head.
The Human Rights Commissioner of the Council of Europe , Nils Muižnieks urged all police instances of excessive use of force during a visit to Ankara on an investigation and appropriate punishment.
7th of July
In Kadıköy, on the Asian side of Istanbul, hundreds of thousands of people came together to demonstrate under the motto 1. Gazdanadam festivali (German roughly: "1. Aus-Gas-made-Mann-Festival"). The name of the event satirically alluded to the use of tear gas during the Gezi Park protests. The event was broadcast live by the TV broadcaster Ulusal Kanal . The festival started around 5:30 p.m. with the common singing of the anti-fascist workers' fight song Gündoğdu Marşı and the subsequent chanting of the slogan Her Yer Taksim, Her Yer Direniş ( Everywhere is Taksim, everywhere is resistance ). The TV recordings of the festival show a sea of Turkish Republic flags, on which the portrait of Ataturk is integrated. Already in the first shot of the TV recordings from Ulusal Kanal , a poster is shown commemorating the murder of the writer Uğur Mumcu . The festival was organized by non-governmental organizations and opposition media such as the daily newspapers Cumhuriyet and Aydınlık or the private broadcaster Halk TV . The left-leaning daily BirGün and an LGBT association withdrew their support shortly before the event, according to the Hürriyet Daily News, referring to the "chauvinistic" attitude of other sponsors. The liberal-conservative newspaper Hürriyet Daily News and CNN-Türk gave the number of festival participants only "thousands" and 15,000 respectively. Milliyet reported "tens of thousands" of participants.
70 cyclists wanted to protest in the village of Garipçe against the construction of the Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge . They were stopped by the gendarmerie with water cannons.
According to police reports, 25,000 people from all over Germany and neighboring countries came together in Düsseldorf's Rheinpark on July 7 for a mass rally for the Turkish government, which was registered by the Union of European-Turkish Democrats (UETD). The Turkish Minister of Culture, Ömer Çelik , also spoke at the rally . Erdoğan spoke to the participants via video message. The demonstrators waved Turkish flags and presented posters with pictures of Prime Minister Erdoğan. One of the slogans was “We are not against Erdogan! We are for Erdogan! ”. According to the police, 400 people took part in a counter-event in downtown Düsseldorf, to which the Left Party, among others, had called.
In the taz , Jürgen Gottschlich claimed in his “balance sheet of the Turkish protests” that the events on Taksim Square and in the adjacent streets in the Beyoğlu district on July 6 were the first use of police violence “after two weeks of relative calm - only interrupted about a peaceful gay and lesbian parade ”and that the death of the young Kurdish demonstrator and the solidarity protests organized in Istanbul were already“ 14 days ”ago. As the number of injured "in the course of the protests [...] in June", the taz stated two days later, referring to the TTB, 7500 people, i.e. the number of injuries according to the information provided by the TTB from June 14th instead of the latest available number from June 27th. June.
8th of July
At the reopening of Gezi Park on July 8, Istanbul Governor Hüseyin Avni Mutlu said illegal gatherings in the park would not be tolerated. Three hours after the official reopening, the Gezi Park was closed again by the police and the area cordoned off. Live images were broadcast on television showing police forcing people to leave the park. The decision to close the park again was made while the Taksim Platform for Solidarity called on demonstrators, citing “their constitutional right” under Article 34 of the Turkish Constitution, to come together for a forum in the park that evening. Mutlu warned that the police would stop any such gathering. After the opening of Gezi Park, security forces and water cannons stood ready for possible protests on Taksim Square and cordoned off large parts of the square. The demonstrators gathered on the outskirts and chanted, "Everywhere is Taksim, everywhere is resistance." The security forces used water cannons and tear gas to disperse the demonstrators. Some protesters set up barricades on Independence Street and threw bottles and stones at water cannons. According to eyewitness reports, the police from among the demonstrators were occasionally fired at with slingshots and around 1,000 demonstrators tried to get to Taksim Square and the neighboring Gezi Park. In the evening, plastic bullets were used against the demonstrators in addition to water cannons and tear gas. During the demonstration in Istanbul, police threatened journalists with a tear gas gun aimed at them and loudly telling them not to film. A plainclothes man shot several times in the air after people attacked demonstrators with wooden sticks and hatchets. A passer-by who picked up empty cartridges and handed them over to the police was arrested.
The Turkish press reported that a 17-year-old high school student was hit in the head by a police tear gas cartridge and suffered a serious brain hemorrhage as a result. The TTB injury statistics from July 11th confirmed Mustafa Ali Tombul's life-threatening head injury, for whom she claims an age of 16, from a "gas canister". The chairman of the TTB, Ahmet Özdemir Aktan, had previously stated that the police had used rubber bullets on July 8th. He confirmed that the boy suffered a serious head injury. He described Mutlu as "confused" because he had invited the citizens to Gezi Park, whereupon they were again hit by gas bombs, rubber bullets and water cannons. According to the protest movement, a person is said to have been seriously injured in the head by the jet of a water cannon. The TTB's injury statistics for the events from July 7th to 8th in Istanbul indicate that at least 80 people suffered injuries from the effects of tear gas and soft tissue injuries from gas canisters. In addition, the medical room of the TMMOB was attacked.
In the Turkish parliament, a person who attacked demonstrators with a “power” and was released by the court after his arrest was defended by AKP MP İdris Şahin . Sahin said the man's course of action was right. MPs from the CHP and MHP protested against what they believed to be the words of Sahin that glorified violence. The chairman of the Istanbul Bar Association, Ümit Kocasakal , protested that the police had been idly watching people attacking passers-by with “machetes” and that this had no legal consequences. He also criticized the fact that the governor had not made a statement. Kocasakal blamed Erdoğan as Turkish Prime Minister personally for this. According to the protest movement, more than 80 people were arrested by the police during the demonstrations on Independence Street.
The Turkish Human Rights Foundation TİHV announced that police officers have once again made the identification numbers on their helmets unrecognizable. She also reported that 13 journalists were assaulted and two were arrested.
In front of the Chamber of Mechanical Engineers in Beyoğlu , a press conference of the Taksim Solidarity ( Taksim Dayanışması ) founded by professional group representatives was disrupted by the police. The provincial chairman of the CHP, Oğuz Kaan Salıcı , who was present there, protested to the police against what he believed to be unlawful use of force by the police, but was roughly rejected by the police, according to Hürriyet .
At the graduation ceremony of the Istanbul Technical University in the stadium of the Istanbul Technical University in the Maslak district, there were Gezi protests by graduates, relatives and teachers of the university and a counter-demonstration of 50 people shouting pro Erdoğan slogans. This led to a dispute between the two groups, which was pacified again by the university's private security forces.
July 9
After the night clashes between police and demonstrators, Gezi Park was reopened on July 9th. In the morning, water cannons and police were again on standby in Taksim Square.
During the Istanbul municipality Beyoglu in Taksim Square for the evening Ramadan - Iftar ( Iftar the annual) Iftar offered -plate around 1,500 places for feeding, was after a call to the Anti-Capitalist Muslims and Revolutionary Muslims in protest against the government on Independence Avenue a around 500 meters long dining table was erected on the ground leading to Taksim Square. Hundreds of protesters ate the Iftar meal there and chanted protest slogans against Erdoğan and the AKP. The police there were initially on standby with water cannons, but later withdrew, but were still on standby. After the meal, hundreds of people went to Gezi Park to demonstrate. There were again clashes with the police. 50 members of the Taksim solidarity platform were arrested.
Erdoğan appointed Yiğit Bulut as his new chief advisor on July 9 . Bulut is accused of spreading conspiracy theories. The media expert Aslı Tunç therefore spoke of a "worrying and dangerous step".
10th of July
According to the TTB, 80 other people were injured in Istanbul between June 27 and the early evening of July 10, one of them with a serious head injury. The total number of injuries rose to at least 8,121. However, the statistics did not provide any information about other injuries from Mersin, as reported in the press for the night of July 1st.
Ali İsmail Korkmaz , a 19-year-old student, died on the morning of July 10th from injuries sustained on June 2 in Eskişehir during protests related to the Gezi Park demonstrations.
There were demonstrations in Antakya on the occasion of the death of Ali İsmail Korkmaz, during which the police allegedly used tear gas and rubber bullets. According to the left-wing SoL , at least 10 people are said to have been injured by the police in Antakya on the night of July 11, three of them seriously. A person is said to have been hit in the head by a gas grenade.
There were also demonstrations in Istanbul-Kadıköy calling for Erdoğan's resignation on the occasion of the death of Ali İsmail Korkmaz. According to the SoL , tens of thousands of people took part in the demonstrations in Kadıköy on the night of July 11th. They held a protest tape with the words "We have lost our brother Ali, you know well who the murderer is" and chanted: "Everywhere is Taksim, everywhere is resistance!". Opponents of the government demonstrated in Taksim Square in Istanbul on the evening of July 10, holding up pictures of the demonstrators who had been killed during the protests over the past few weeks.
A memorial service was held for him in Eskişehir, where Ali İsmail Korkmaz studied and where the attack that caused his death took place. People lit candles and laid cloves where cork wall had been knocked down without the police intervening.
The release of the man who, according to video recordings on July 6, is said to have wielded a machete-like knife and hit a woman with the flat side of the blade and who, despite the presence of police officers during the act, only after public outrage when the video material was published in the media Police custody led to a second public outrage.
His release by the 33rd Civil Court was followed on July 10 by a similar incident on Dikmen Street in Ankara, in which protesters were attacked by a group with machetes. The protesters had taken part in a march to mark the death of Ali İsmail Korkmaz, whose alleged murderers had still not been identified despite Korkmaz's admission to intensive care 39 days earlier. Police erected barricades to prevent protesters from marching to Kızılay Square in Ankara, where Ethem Sarısülük was shot dead by a police officer on June 1. When the road was closed to traffic, some people got out of their cars with machetes and attacked protesters. The fact that the police did not stop the machete attackers sparked an argument.
The police used water cannons, plastic bullets and tear gas to break up another demonstration that took place on Kennedy Street in Ankara to mark the death of Ali. Four people are said to have been injured there by the police operation.
According to press reports on July 10th, the Turkish parliament has now passed a law that will prohibit the Chamber of Architects from having a say in building projects. On the evening of July 9th, parliament voted with the votes of the AKP in a night session to significantly curtail the rights of professional associations. The measure was seen as a punitive reaction by the AKP to the fact that the Turkish Chambers of Architects and Engineers were among the greatest critics of the development of Gezi Park. Your umbrella organization TMMOB had previously opposed the plans for the site on Taksim Square several times. According to the new law, the Ministry of the Environment and Urban Development has sole sovereignty in future urban planning projects, while the TMMOB no longer has a say. The parliamentary group vice-president Mustafa Elitaş from the AKP justified the new regulation with the fact that the TMMOB had acted without a legal basis in the past. In Ankara, TMMOB members organized a demonstration against the new law. A spokesman Štefan Füle , the EU Commissioner for Enlargement , expressed concern over the arrests of members of the Gezi Park protest group Taksim solidarity.
July 11th
The body of Ali İsmail Korkmaz was given cloves by 5000 people in Eskişehir and brought to the hometown of the deceased, Antakya, accompanied by a convoy of thousands.
In Antakya, around 8,000 people attended the funeral service in front of the Korkmaz family on July 11th. The mothers of Ethem Sarısülük and Abdullah Cömert, who were also believed to be victims of police violence during the Gezi Park protests, attended the funeral at the side of Korkmaz's mother. Güngör Azim Turan , the governor of Eskişehir, issued a written statement stating that the allegations that the group of perpetrators who beat Korkmaz were undercover police officers had not been verified and that some groups may have injured their own "friends" to blame the police for. After the body was buried at the heavily attended funeral in Ali İsmail Korkmaz's hometown, police intervened against nearly 3,000 people who protested against the alleged murder of Korkmaz shortly after the burial. Protesters erected a barricade to oppose police intervention, but police again responded with tear gas, water cannons and plastic bullets. She was supported by the gendarmerie standing by near the protests. One group responded to the police intervention by throwing stones and injuring a police officer.
In front of the Palace of Justice in central Istanbul, around 200 demonstrators on the morning of July 11th demanded the release of 88 activists who had been arrested on the evening of July 8th while attempting to march through Gezi Park with thousands of people. The Istanbul Special Prosecutor wanted to decide whether the detainees should be transferred from police custody to pre-trial detention or whether they should be released. Among them were important figures of the Taksim Solidarity, which formed a network of more than a hundred organizations. According to Cem Tüzün, a founding member of the Taksim solidarity network, a wave of arrests should have started immediately after the arrests. The police searched the homes of leading representatives of the Taksim Solidarity Network, including Ali Çerkezoğlu, General Secretary of the Istanbul Medical Association, and Mücella Yapıcı, the 62-year-old spokeswoman for the Istanbul Chamber of Architects.
An Istanbul public prosecutor called for the detention of twelve other leading members of the Taksim Solidarity Network. According to the Anadolu news agency , law enforcement officials accused five activists, including Mücella Yapıcı, of setting up a criminal organization, inciting young people and organizing the nationwide protest movement via Facebook and Twitter. Another seven people resisted the police and owned gas masks and other "suspicious material". The Taksim group had occupied a public square for a long time and with their protest actions endangered public order and social peace.
Several thousand people moved from Taksim Square to Gezi Park in Istanbul, shouting “police murderers” and carrying large photos with the portrait of Ali İsmail Korkmaz. In Gezi Park they set up a kind of shrine for him with improvised tombstones and grave lights .
On the evening of July 11th, a group of machetes attacked protesters attending an evening forum in the Kocamustafapaşa district of Istanbul's Fatih district. The machete attackers reportedly threatened forum attendees with killing them all if they gathered again.
12-14 July
Over the entire weekend, “violent scenes of unleashed police violence against demonstrators critical of the government” occurred again in Istanbul, Ankara and Antakya. The protests took place on the occasion of the arrests of leading members of the Taksim platform civil movement and the funeral of the late protester Ali Ismail Korkmaz.
In Ankara, the police again used tear gas and water cannons on the evening and night of July 12 to contain the protests on Kennedy Street and Ataturk Boulevard. The police followed the protesters into the back streets of the Kavaklıdere district.
In Antakya and Eskişehir there were repeated demonstrations on July 12 because of Ali İsmail Korkmaz. The demonstrations were again broken up with water cannons and tear gas.
In Istanbul on July 12th, a demonstration was held on Galatasaray Square at the invitation of Taksim Solidarity against the killing of Ali İsmail Korkmaz, against the new legislation regarding the Chamber of Architects and against the arrest of protesters. The demonstrations were broken up with water cannons and tear gas.
In Antakya, tear gas use is believed to have injured many people. In addition to dozens of demonstrators, two police officers and one soldier are reported to have been injured. One person suffered a life-threatening head injury from a tear gas grenade, but survived the injury through treatment in the intensive care unit. and have been badly injured. Police had entered the Armutlu district of Antakya on the evening of July 12th to try to prevent Gezi Park protesters from marching to the place where Korkmaz Abdullah Cömert was killed in early June. Armutlu experienced the third consecutive night of violence. According to eyewitness reports, the police intervention was the toughest to date. Riot police, water cannons and a number of plainclothes police officers were reportedly used.
Pictures from a surveillance camera appeared in the press on July 12th showing scenes from the incident in which Ali İsmail Korkmaz was attacked and fatally injured by several perpetrators. According to press reports and statements by the Korkmaz family's lawyer, the government and police denied being involved in the disappearance of footage from surveillance cameras. AKP spokesman Hüseyin Çelik accused the press of disinformation. The German press reported that video recordings showed how Korkmaz "got caught between a police chain and civilian thugs". It was described as unclear "whether it was about civilian police or Erdogan's Islamist supporters". It is claimed that images from a hotel camera "that could have clarified the matter" were "lost".
The national basketball player Cenk Akyol announced on July 12th that he was no longer a member of the national team due to his stance on the Gezi protests, despite the coach's previous assurances to the contrary. According to Akyol, the coaches told him that the state was the author of the decision.
During a speech in Bingöl, Erdoğan described the Gezi Park protesters as provocateurs and coup supporters.
In the cities of Istanbul, Ankara and Antakya, the police used brute force against the demonstrators on the evening of July 13th. In Istanbul, as in the previous days, the police followed numerous demonstrators in side streets around Taksim Square and shot tear gas grenades in pubs. Again, many tourists were affected. In the violent dissolution of the protests, the police in Istanbul, Ankara and Antakya apparently used water cannons, irritant gas and plastic bullets. According to activists on social networks, there were numerous injuries.
A funeral march was held in Antakya on July 13th for Abdullah Cömert on the 40th day after his death. According to the Turkish internet news portal Gerçek Gündem, the police intervened with brutal severity. 20 people were injured, including one seriously injured. Residents on the balconies protested against the police's actions and threw furniture on the street to allow protesters to erect barricades. Water cannons splashed on balconies and a building whose third floor had been shot at with a tear gas rifle caught fire and the residents had to be evacuated. During the police operation, the electricity supply in the Armutlu district was cut off.
In the TT Arena stadium , where the U-20 World Cup final between the national teams of France and Uruguay was held on July 13th, spectators protested against Sports Minister Suat Kılıç and the President of the Turkish Football Association Federation. "Everywhere is Taksim, everywhere is resistance!" And "Enough, Yıldırım Demirören !" Was chanted.
On July 12, it was reported in the Turkish media that the man who confessed to attacking Taksim protesters with a “machete” on July 6, allegedly fled to Morocco after his release on July 8, while since an arrest warrant had been presented for him on July 11th. He was released from police custody on the grounds that there was no risk of escape. After the prosecutor objected to his release on July 9, two days after the court ruling, the defendant, whose wife is a Moroccan citizen, flew to Morocco on July 10. The responsible police authorities announced that there had been no court order against the accused which would have requested his control or forbade him to leave the country. An arrest warrant was not available at the time of his departure. The perpetrator's lawyer stated that his client had not fled, but had only traveled to Morocco for a limited period for family reasons. On the advice of the lawyer, his client will return to Turkey by July 19. Public outrage over the police inaction on his attack on demonstrators or passers-by, as seen in the videos, was compounded by his testimony in court, where he stated that his business had been damaged by the Gezi Park protests and that the last demonstration had him made angry.
After the police did not intervene at the rally by several thousand government opponents in front of the French-speaking high school in the Galatasaray district, some of the demonstrators wanted to go to Taksim Square, whereupon the police intervened. She violently used irritant gas, water cannons and plastic bullets against around 500 to 1,000 demonstrators who tried to get into Taksim Square. Tear gas was used intensively, especially in Independence Street. Demonstrators and many tourists fled the area around Taksim Square, which is particularly popular on weekends with its restaurants and bars, into the side streets. A Turkish television station posted photos on Facebook showing men armed with wooden clubs attacking journalists and protesters near Taksim Square. These were presumably Erdoğan's supporters. TV images are said to have shown men with batons attacking demonstrators and journalists on Independence Street in Istanbul. The German press spoke of "thugs" and compared them with the events of the previous week, when passers-by in Istanbul and Ankara were attacked by men with machetes and the police had watched these attacks inactive. The reason for the demonstrations was the temporary arrest of prominent activists who were to be brought to justice for founding a terrorist organization. After her release, activists reported abuse by the police. Mücella Yapıcı, president of the Istanbul Chamber of Architects, said she was subjected to a humiliating body search while in custody and that the police only gave her important medication hours after she was in custody.
In Ankara alone, around 100 injured demonstrators had to be treated during a police operation at the small Kuğulu Park, which the demonstrators used as a base. Protesters used Twitter to ask for emergency doctors to be sent to the park for medical assistance. Aydın Ay, 35, was injured by a tear gas grenade in Ankara-Dikmen on the night of July 14th and has since been in mortal danger with a cerebral haemorrhage.
A similar picture is said to have presented itself in Antakya, the hometown of Ali Ismail Korkmaz.
Emergency forces arrested numerous demonstrators across Turkey.
In the German-language press it was reported that “civilian thugs” appeared “more and more frequently” at demonstrations, armed with knives and clubs, attacking demonstrators while the police let them “go”. According to taz , the newspaper Sundays Zaman , which is classified as belonging to the religious camp, is now reporting that conditions such as those that prevailed in Turkey in the 1990s could develop as the Turkish state in the fight against the PKK also with organized crime worked together to kill members of the PKK. The Badische Zeitung compared the situation with the civil war-like chaos at the end of the 1970s, when "right and left-wing extremist groups fought bloody fights in Turkish cities" and with the 1980s and 1990s, when there was talk of a "deep state", in which paramilitary groups and secret societies, mostly in connection with state security organs and secret services, took action against Kurdish activists and left-wing civil rights activists and resulted in hundreds of kidnappings and thousands of politically motivated murders.
The group of experts investigating Ali İsmail Korkmaz's death came to the conclusion, according to the Badische Zeitung , that such connections seemed to exist again even during the Gezi Park protests. The report of a group of experts investigating the death of Ali İsmail Korkmaz, who was allegedly attacked and beaten up by several men with baseball bats in Eskişehir , concluded that the camera recordings from security cameras that had partially recorded the beatings were decisive Scenes were missing. In the opinion of the expert report, the attackers with the baseball bats were probably "plainclothes or civilians who acted in agreement with the police". However, the Turkish police denied allegations that they had manipulated the footage from the surveillance cameras.
15th of July
On July 15, a 33-year-old bus driver was arrested on charges of being involved in the killing of Ali İsmail Korkmaz. On the same day he was released by the Eskişehir court on condition that he report once a week and not leave the country. He had previously denied any allegations of involvement.
The public debate in Turkey has been dominated by the death of Ali İsmail Korkmaz for days. Nationwide demonstrations were held to protest the killing and the nature of the investigation.
In the period from the evening of July 10 to the evening of July 15, the TTB registered 40 more injuries in Antakya and two more in Ankara. The number of seriously injured people in both cities increased by one person. The seriously injured person in Ankara was in mortal danger after being hit in the head by a tear gas grenade and cerebral hemorrhage on the night of 14 July.
16. – 20. July
In Istanbul, anti-terror units of the police arrested a total of 30 people in simultaneous raids in allegedly 104 apartments and dormitories, who are to be charged on the basis of the anti-terror law and who were involved in “provocative actions” in connection with the mass protests . Most of the detainees were students. They are said to be members of the Kemalist TGB , the left-wing youth organization Genç Umut , the student collectives and the People's Liberation Party (HKP). According to Amnesty International , the anti-terror laws had led to court hearings taking place under unfair conditions. For example, pre-trial detention could extend to a period of up to five years.
In Antakya-Armutlu there were clashes between demonstrators who wanted to remember the dead in the Taksim Gezi Park protests and the police. The police used tear gas and water cannons.
According to a press release on July 19, there was a demonstration against the arrests of the past few days in front of the Palace of Justice in Istanbul Çağlayan (located in the Şişli district ).
In Istanbul, on July 20th (a Saturday), the police forcibly prevented a wedding ceremony at Gezi Park and dispersed around 1,000 people who wanted to celebrate the wedding of the two demonstrators near Gezi Park. According to some media reports, the police are said to have used tear gas, plastic bullets and water cannons. A substance causing severe irritation, possibly tear gas, is said to have been mixed with the water. According to the taz , the substance, which the police said was partly back in the water, was corrosive chemicals that are said to lead to shortness of breath and skin burns. According to media reports, it should be possible for the water cannon pilot to regulate the addition of the substance “at the push of a button”. Other reports spoke of the use of water cannons, baton and tear gas by the police. The couple had been hailed in the Turkish press as “the love story of the uprising” and had publicly invited all “çapulcu” to their wedding celebration at the symbolic location of the protest movement. According to media reports, there were injuries and arrests.
22nd of July
On July 22nd, a regional administrative court in Istanbul lifted the construction freeze on Gezi Park and the decision complied with the government's appeal by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. However, a lawyer for the project opponents announced via the media that the new decision would not have any concrete consequences, as the planning process necessary for the project had been declared suspended by two Istanbul administrative courts and the regional court had no jurisdiction. Shortly before, a construction freeze on the work on the third Bosphorus Bridge in Istanbul was imposed after it became known that construction had started at a different location than the planned one and that around 200,000 trees had been illegally felled.
July 26th
Family members of the five protesters who died, four of whom were killed in the Gezi Park protests and the fifth in the Lice protests, gathered in parliament on July 26 to seek justice.
28–31 July
In Gezi Park, police have been intervening immediately on various occasions for days, while the authorities have opened and closed the park several times in the past few weeks.
On July 28, the police evacuated the park, as a group Iftar -Mahl wanted to organize the common breaking the fast, and arrested several people who were partly discharged and partly brought to justice.
At least nine people were arrested in a series of morning raids in Izmir, Samsun, Mersin and Tunceli led by Ankara counterterrorism forces. Five others were arrested in Hatay for “taking part in illegal demonstrations for terrorist organizations”.
Vice-Prime Minister Bülent Arınç announced on the state television broadcaster TRT on July 29th that information was available about various planned demonstrations in the next few days, which could use sporting events or the start of school in autumn as a pretext. These could not be allowed. Future demonstrations could try to cloud the public sphere before the regional elections and spread fear and concern among everyone.
A total of 17 people were arrested in Gezi Park on July 30th after TMMOB union members read a press release in Gezi Park. The police then took down the personal details of all visitors to the park, including a group of homeless people living in the park, and arrested anyone who could not or did not want to identify themselves. A German human rights activist was temporarily arrested for trying to prevent city workers from removing symbolic gravestones that had been erected for those killed in the protests.
For 14-year-old Berkin Elvan, who was seriously injured on June 16 by a tear gas bomb fired by the police and has been in mortal danger since then, his parents read a press release written by his family at the Taksim tram station on July 30, accompanied by demonstrators. The family called for legal action against the police officers who shot the boy when, according to the family, he was only sent to fetch bread. The police used water cannons and irritant gas from spray devices against the rally, and there were scuffles with demonstrators when the riot police pushed the crowd away from Taksim Square, which is still prohibited for demonstrations, towards Independence Street. On the night of July 31st, police intervened against the demonstration for Berkin Elvan. Police used tear gas, water cannons and rubber bullets, while activists erected and set fire to barricades and threw stones and bottles at the police. Police followed escaped demonstrators in side streets. According to eyewitness reports, at least four people were injured during the police intervention against the 500 demonstrators in Istanbul's Taksim Square on July 30th.
AKP deputy chairman Mehmet Ali Şahin has stated that he regards the Gezi protests as criminal offenses that would result in life imprisonment under Section 312 of Turkey's criminal law. The reason he gave was that the aim of the protests was to overthrow the government. According to Şahin, proof of this was the demonstrators' attempt to occupy the prime minister's offices. The state forces had prevented this, however, and a new attempt for similar protests could no longer be made in his opinion.
3rd August
In the meantime, the nationwide demonstrations were considered to have subsided, but continued to take place at intervals, especially in Istanbul. According to the Hürriyet Daily News , the pedestrian zone on Independence Street had been “washed” almost every weekend since the protests began by the chemical water from the water cannons.
On the evening of August 3rd, a Saturday, the police in Istanbul again used water cannons, irritant gas and plastic bullets on Independence Street in the midst of passers-by, tourists and children against around 300 demonstrators Demonstration had gathered on Independence Street. The demonstrators chanted slogans such as "Together against fascism" and "This is not a revolt, this is a movement for our freedoms". Water cannons and riot police followed demonstrators in side streets. At least ten people, including three journalists, were injured. About 40 other people were arrested. Many bystanders were exposed to the water of the water cannon, some suffered severe health impairments from chemicals added to the water with which the water cannon shot at demonstrators and bystanders until late in the evening.
Before the demonstrators fled the police intervention along Independence Street, they lit a small fire in the street. The restaurants and shops in the Mis Sokak side street were badly affected by the use of gas and were searched for fleeing demonstrators. There, café visitors were injured by plastic bullets. Other injuries resulted from tear gas cartridges. The police intervention continued until the morning of August 4th. Some protesters threw stones and bottles at police officers and refused for hours to comply with requests to break up the demonstration.
Previously, security forces cordoned off Gezi Park from the public on Saturday in response to calls for meetings on social media.
CHP deputy chairman Erdoğan Toprak immediately condemned the police intervention as "illegal". German-language press reports also reported that the police had acted “with great severity against peaceful demonstrators”.
Second half of August to early September
When the mayor of Ankaras announced in August that the construction work would soon begin, according to the city administration, a connecting road between two main traffic arteries, which has been planned for 20 years and which will lead through the campus of the Technical University of the Middle East (Turkish abbreviation: ODTÜ), was built One hundred students set up a protest camp in the forest to prevent 300 or 3000 trees from being felled, depending on the information, and the campus from being divided into two parts. The renowned university is traditionally considered a stronghold of left and Kemalist students and, with its large campus and its 3000 hectare forests planted in the early 1960s, is considered one of the “green lungs” and the university campus is one of the largest green spaces in comparison to Istanbul described a comparatively green city. Students and local residents have been protesting against the construction of the road through the university campus for weeks until the events escalated on September 6th.
In Istanbul-Beyoğlu at the end of August there was a media-effective dispute between citizens or activists and the municipal authorities about a formerly gray staircase , the 200 steps of which had been painted in the colors of the rainbow by a 64-year-old engineer on his own initiative on the occasion of the World Day of Peace . The district administration had the stairs painted in gray the following day overnight with reference to complaints from the population, which led to strong protests in the press and on social media until the authorities gave in. Nationwide, for example in Ankara, Batman, Tunceli, Diyarbakır and Bursa, many stairs were painted in bright colors in the wave of outrage to protest against the local government.
September 1
Anti-government demonstrations had largely subsided since July, but sporadic protests had continued in Istanbul, Ankara and Hatay. In Hatay, a mixed ethnic and religious province bordering Syria, against whose President Bashar al-Assad the United States in particular was considering military intervention, tensions remained high. Mely Kiyak commented at the time when the city of Antakya, which is only a few kilometers from the Syrian border, was demonstrating "because the citizens are afraid that Turkey will take part in a war against Syria."
On September 1, the protest movement in Istanbul called for the first major action since early summer, which brought together several thousand participants in Istanbul and several other cities in Turkey.
In Istanbul, the police cordoned off Gezi Park on September 1st and pushed away demonstrators who gathered in Taksim Square to form a human chain under the motto “Hand in Hand for Peace”. There were no violent clashes with the injured. Many participants in the human chains wore white dresses as a sign of peace, and bridal couples also lined up in the chains.
6-8 September
Protests erupted on the morning of September 6 when riot police broke up the protest camp on an ODTÜ campus in Ankara, with which students wanted to prevent the construction of a highway through a forest on the university campus. Excavators and bulldozers tore down the students' tents under police protection and began to level the site. In the afternoon, security forces used tear gas and batons against demonstrators at the university. On the evening of September 6th, 200 to 300 students gathered in front of the ODTÜ. Police used tear gas and, according to eyewitnesses, rubber bullets to disperse protesters while students erected barricades and threw stones at police officers. Depending on the source, there were ten to 14 arrests of demonstrators, including six students. As the clashes escalated, the activists called in supporters via Facebook. Three MPs from the opposition CHP obtained a temporary halt to construction work when they positioned themselves between trees and bulldozers and insisted that the work be prohibited by a court.
Activists called for solidarity protests over the Internet on the occasion of the violent police operation in Ankara. In Istanbul, Gezi Park was then closed to visitors and secured around the park by police officers with heavy equipment.
After the grading and logging work on the ODTÜ campus in Ankara continued on September 7, around 3,000 demonstrators protested. There were massive clashes between the mostly young demonstrators and the police, in which, according to media reports, the police again used water cannons and tear gas, with parts of the forest catching fire and being extinguished by protesters. Police used plastic bullets against them in a neighboring district of Ankara where local residents were erecting barricades. The clashes continued on the night of September 8th and spread to other Turkish cities.
9-12 September
On September 9, the law to restrict the sale of alcohol, signed by the President in June, came into force, according to which the sale of alcohol is prohibited after 10 p.m. and within 100 meters of mosques and schools.
In Istanbul, a protest march against police violence under the motto “We want justice for Berkin Elvan” led to clashes between security forces and demonstrators on September 9th. Hundreds of protesters called for the punishment of officers believed to be responsible for seriously injuring 14-year-old Berkin Elvan, who has remained in a coma since June from being injured by a police tear gas grenade. According to media reports, most of the protesters were hooded and left-wing extremists who fought street battles with the police. The protesters marched through the judicial district and were dispersed by security forces using tear gas and water cannons. The police intervention allegedly thwarted an attempt by protesters to move to a courthouse in Okmeydanı district. Protesters reportedly threw stones and several Molotov cocktails at the security forces and erected street barricades. According to a photographer from the AFP news agency, there were several injuries and several arrests. In the evening, the situation had largely calmed down, but the demonstrators or police did not initially withdraw.
In Antakya, the 22-year-old protester Ahmet Atakan died at around 2 a.m. on the night of 9-10 September in Armutlu, the district that had been the trouble spot in the city during the previous protests. Media reports initially said he sustained a fatal head injury on the night of 9-10 September during a protest in support of the ongoing demonstrations by Ankara's residents and students at the Middle East Technical University (ODTÜ) in Ankara Tried to prevent the construction of a new highway through the university campus and to demand justice for Abdullah Cömert, who was also from Ankaya-Armutlu, was fatally injured in a demonstration in support of the Gezi Park protests on June 3 and whose killer still does not had been held accountable. A group of 150 people gathered on Uğur Mumcu Square in Antakya to support the ODTÜ protests and to call on the authorities to investigate the death of Abdullah Cömert, to identify and pursue the murderers. She then marched through the Armutlu district in Antakya, reached Gündüzstrasse and chanted slogans until she came across the police, who asked her to break up the demonstration. The state news agency Anadolu reported provocations by the demonstrators in Antakya. Accordingly, stones and canisters were flown in the direction of the police. The crowd began throwing stones and ball bearings , according to Today's Zaman , while riot police intervened with water cannons and began firing tear gas canisters. The protesters evaded back streets and set up barricades by setting fire to dumpsters on the street. When the police tried to clear the barricades, protesters threw fireworks at them.
There were two contradicting versions of the circumstances of Ahmet Atakan's death, which remained unexplained on September 11th. According to his relatives, Ahmet Atakan was hit in the head by a police tear gas bullet. Witnesses, activists and the Doğan news agency and BBC Türkçe also initially reported that Atakan had been fatally hit by a tear gas cartridge fired by the police.
The Anadolu News Agency said it had footage showing Atakan falling and rolling on the ground, as well as footage showing rocks and water tanks being thrown from the surrounding roofs at the police. Hatay Provincial Prosecutor's Office denied news reports that Atakan was hit in the head by a tear gas canister shot down by police. The Hatay governor's office announced that a police patrol had observed a person falling from a neighboring building onto Gündüzstrasse on the night of 9 September, whereupon an ambulance was dispatched. But other demonstrators took him to the state hospital in Antakya, whereupon Atakan died a little later, despite the efforts of the doctors. The National Police Department announced on its website on September 10th that the police camera footage showed Atakan's fall from the building and that there had been no detectable police contact with him prior to his fall. According to officials, Atakan is said to have thrown stones at police officers before he fell from the roof. An examination of the image and sound material made public by the police camera shows that neither before nor during the fall of Atakan did the police vehicles intervene against the attackers.
After Atakan's death became known, a group of 300 people, including Atakan's family, allegedly attacked riot police who stood guard outside the hospital on the night of 9 September. As a result, there was tension between the group and the police on September 10, and the police disbanded the group using tear gas. After the death of the young man, demonstrations in Istanbul, Antakya and other Turkish cities were called via social networks. Calls for protests also came from İzmir, Eskişehir, Adana, Antalya and Kocaeli. Martin Anetzberger claimed in the Süddeutsche Zeitung on September 11th that "many Turkish citizens" would not believe the "story of the stone-throwing demonstrator [...] who is to blame for his alleged fall from the roof".
On the evening of September 10th, thousands of people demonstrated in the country. After the death of Ahmet Atakan became known on September 10, there were new protests and clashes between police and demonstrators in several Turkish cities.
On September 10, demonstrators and police fought in street battles around Taksim Square in Istanbul. The sometimes heavy clashes in Istanbul lasted until the early hours of September 11th. Hundreds of demonstrators, who also protested against the death of the demonstrator Atakan the previous day, were severely dispersed by the security forces with plastic bullets, water cannons and tear gas and followed in side streets. In the Independence Street, according to media reports, the police are said to have fired from armored vehicles, sometimes indiscriminately, at bystanders in the crowd. Protesters set off fireworks and Bengali fires . CNN Türk reported that a European Championship soccer qualifier between the Turkish U-21 team and Sweden had to be postponed by UEFA officials for an hour and a half because tear gas had entered the Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Stadium near Taksim Square. According to a photographer from the AFP news agency, up to 3,000 people around Taksim Square were prevented from entering the square by the police with tear gas and rubber bullets.
Police and demonstrators clashed in Ankara and several other cities on the evening of September 10th. As in Istanbul, police in Ankara used tear gas to disperse the crowd protesting the death of the protester who had been killed the day before. More than 1,000 people gathered in central Kızılay Square before the police used water cannons and tear gas to break up the crowd. According to other sources, 3,000 people demonstrated in Ankara against the police violence and the construction of the expressway through the ODTÜ campus. In Izmir, protests were also violently broken up by the police.
The new protests sparked by Atakan's death on the evening of September 10th in many cities in Turkey continued in part until the early morning of September 11th. In some places young people fought street battles with the police. According to the bar association, more than 40 people are said to have been arrested in Istanbul alone.
On September 11, Interior Minister Muammer Guler said the police had not taken action against Ahmet Atakan. Rather, Atakan fell from an “elevated point”, which is evidenced by television images and an autopsy report. However, the incident is being investigated further. Guler criticized the fact that Atakan's death was being used to stir up a mood against the police and to incite unrest. In Antakya in particular, there has been increasing unrest for several days with the aim of causing "great chaos". In this context, Güler spoke of "ethnic provocations".
President Abdullah Gül said Atalan's death was being thoroughly investigated.
On the evening of September 11, police used violence against demonstrators during anti-government protests. Protests have been reported from Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir and Antakya, among others. The police used water cannons and tear gas. In the night of September 12th, according to CNN-Türk, there were injuries and around 20 arrests in Istanbul alone. Police used tear gas and water cannons in Istanbul and Izmir. More than 12 reporters covering the resurgent protests were injured in their activities at the time.
When the police forcibly broke up the gathering in Taksim Square, a hotel offered protesters refuge.
The police are also said to have acted with great severity in the Kadıköy district on the Asian coast of Istanbul. According to the Hürriyet Daily News , the Süreyya Opera House in Kadıköy was used as an improvised hospital for protesters. Several people were injured in rioting in Kadıköy on the evening of September 11th.
There were also riots in Ankara. Around 2,500 people demonstrated against the AKP in Izmir, and one person was arrested. The crowd in Izmir chanted “AKP murderers”.
According to the journalists' organization Reporters Without Borders (ROG), at least twelve journalists were injured in the protests from September 9 to the afternoon of September 12 . ROG spoke of brutal attacks by the police against journalists, which had always remained without consequences in recent months.
Several thousand people gathered in Istanbul's Kadıköy district on the evening of September 12 on the occasion of the death of Ahmet Atakan. There were riots that evening in Kadıköy, in which several people were injured.
On the night of September 13, riot police in Kadıköy used water cannons and tear gas to deter several thousand demonstrators from an AKP office. There are said to have been several arrests. According to eyewitness reports, rubber bullets are also said to have been used. In other Turkish cities such as Ankara and Antakya, riots and clashes broke out on the evening of September 12th and on the night of September 13th.
September 15th
On the night of September 15, riots broke out in several cities in Turkey.
In Istanbul, several thousand people remembered the victims of police violence in Turkey on September 15. The relatives of several young men who had died in protests since June took part in a concert organized by the Taksim solidarity movement in Istanbul's Kadıköy district with the motto "Justice, Freedom and Peace". Concertgoers waved the portraits of those killed. In the evening and late in the evening, after the concert, there were clashes and street battles between the police and demonstrators, which was accompanied by a strong police presence and for whose visit the rally participants had to undergo body searches. The cause of the clashes remained unclear. The police used water cannons, tear gas and plastic bullets and pursued protesters into the back streets. Several people were injured and around ten arrested, including a Turkish television journalist , according to the Hürriyet report . The police intervened when the protesters wanted to march to the headquarters of the AKP.
In Antakya, security forces use water cannons and tear gas to break up a demonstration.
19. – 20. September
In Ankara, police used tear gas and water cannons on the evening of 19 September after fireworks and stones were allegedly thrown from among the demonstrators. The clashes were triggered again by protests against road construction through the wooded university campus. The police also used rubber bullets and smoke grenades against the demonstrators on the night of September 20. The students had been protesting for two days and raised barricades.
Interior Minister Muammer Güler announced on the evening of September 20 that in Dikmen, a district of Ankara in which anti-government protests had broken out in previous months, two rockets had hit a police building and another unexploded projectile was discovered in a garden of the facility has been. The attack only caused material damage. According to the television station NTV, the police headquarters and a neighboring building of the authority were hit by the rockets. The search for a fugitive suspect had started. The TV station CNN-Türk reported on two fugitives. Güler said that a rocket launcher and materials that were associated with "an illegal organization" had been found near the crime scene. Turkish media suspected the left-wing extremist group Revolutionary People's Liberation Front (DHKP-C), which in March had assumed responsibility for a similar attack on the Justice Ministry and the AKP headquarters.
25th of September
A recent report by the human rights organization Physicians for Human Rights (PHR) found that the Turkish government used unnecessary and excessive force during the demonstrations in June, used tear gas on a massive scale as a weapon, and deliberately targeted medical facilities and medical personnel Has.
September 28th
On the evening of September 28, the police in Istanbul again used several water cannons against demonstrators until late into the night around Taksim Square. There were no major clashes. According to media reports, 13 people were arrested, including members of a group that campaigned for animal rights.
September 29th
While Amnesty International called for tear gas, other anti-riot equipment and armored police vehicles from states such as the USA, Israel, Great Britain, China, Brazil, India and Belgium on September 12, after the death of Ahmet Atakan and South Korea were made available to Turkey, the daily Hürriyet reported on September 29 of the existence of government plans to produce tear gas in Turkey in preparation for a possible embargo. The Science and Technology Research Council of Turkey, TÜBİTAK , submitted a confidential report on the production of tear gas to the police, which was commissioned by the police authority. The government is already preparing to start talks with companies for 2014 [obsolete] .
October 18
In the late evening of October 18, the police used tear gas to break up a demonstration by dozens of students against the road construction project on the grounds of the Middle East Technical University (ODTÜ) in Ankara. In the evening, the trees were to be felled, with the police being deployed to protect the workers present from the demonstrators.
October 22nd
According to eyewitness reports, the police used water cannons against protesters on the evening of October 22nd on Independence Street in Istanbul. Current photos of demonstrators were collected on Twitter under the hashtag # ODTÜiçinTaksime, which was the most popular in Turkey at the time.
October 24th
On October 24th, Hürriyet Daily News announced the official formation of a new party based on the Gezi Park movement. The chairmanship of the Gezi Partisi (acronym: GZP; German: "Gezi Party") was initially held by Reşit Cem Köksal, an internationally known guitar musician. Your logo represents a tree on which a person with outstretched arms symbolizes the trunk and branches. The party was organized through social media such as Facebook and Twitter. The founders submitted a petition to the Ministry of the Interior on October 1, which was approved on October 9.
October 26th
The protests, which have been rising again and again for weeks in Ankara and other cities, against plans to run a street across the middle of the ODTÜ university campus in order to alleviate the traffic in the city continued at the end of October. On October 26th, the police in Ankara used tear gas to break up a student demonstration in which around one hundred students demonstrated against the road construction project on the ODTÜ site. According to the left-wing student alliance Genç-Der, 26 participants were arrested when they tried to march from the city center to the ODTÜ site. A representative from the alliance that organized the rally said police prevented students from planting trees in the garden of a public building. In another protest, around 200 demonstrators later entered the construction site on the ODTÜ campus. The police again used tear gas and water cannons to drive the demonstrators away.
28th of October
At the beginning of the trial of the police officer, who was accused of having shot and killed the protester Ethem Sarısülük in early June, around 2,000 people protested in Ankara. The protests were directed in particular against the decision of the negotiating judges that the accused police officer could testify from his place of work in the southeastern city of Şanlıurfa via a video link in the trial. The court rejected the request to arrest the police officer, who was temporarily in custody and was released on the grounds of a possible self-defense situation before the trial. When the judge rejected the Sarısülük lawyers' request for an arrest warrant against the officer, media reports reported that tumult broke out in the courtroom. In front of the courthouse, people protested, some violently, against the decision and what they believed was the delay in the process. Rescue workers push the demonstrators back with water cannons and tear gas. According to the Turkish media, there were several injuries and 18 arrests. Media reports about injuries could not initially be confirmed.
October 29th
On the 90th "Republic Day" , the national holiday, which commemorates the proclamation of the republic by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk in 1923, several opposition groups called for a demonstration under the motto "Turkey does not bow to the AKP".
In Istanbul, thousands of people protested against the government's policies. Several thousand demonstrators met at lunchtime in the Kadıköy district alone to take a ferry across to the European side to Taksim Square, where they waved Turkish national flags, often printed with the likeness of the state's founder, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. Her slogans such as “We follow you, Ataturk” or “We are soldiers from Mustafa Kemal” are seen as a declaration of loyalty to the principles of Kemalism and especially to secularism. The protests remained peaceful until the early evening; tear gas use was only reported in places.
In the evening, Prime Minister Erdoğan, together with President Gül and in the presence of Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe , Romanian Prime Minister Victor Ponta and Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, opened the newly completed Marmaray railway tunnel , which crosses under the Bosporus and thus between Asia and Europe in Istanbul connects the districts of Üsküdar and Fatih.
In Ankara on the same day before, at the official celebration of the 90th anniversary of the republic, Gül praised state founder Ataturk at his mausoleum .
November 16
Five months after the life-threatening injury of 14-year-old Berkin Elvan, who was still in a coma, the police broke up a gathering of people led by the Taksim solidarity group who demonstrated in front of the courthouse in Istanbul-Çağlayan for the prosecution of the perpetrators, using water cannons, Tear gas and plastic bullets. A woman broke her leg while trying to escape from a water cannon and was rushed to hospital. The police followed protesters who tried to reach public transport stops. 18 protesters were taken into police custody. Many bystanders were exposed to the water and tear gas. Violent clashes between protesters and police officers later spread to the nearby residential area of Elvan in Okmeydanı, which is known for its opposition to the state.
21st November
On the Asian side of Istanbul, on November 21, as part of the trial of the death of Mehmet Ayvalıtaş on June 2, the first confirmed dead person in the Gezi Park protests, clashes broke out between the police and around 500 demonstrators who tried to to storm the heavily secured courthouse at the start of the trial. When the victim's family could not enter the courtroom, demonstrators broke open the portal and tried to get into the 8th High Court. Police erected a barricade in front of the building and then allowed Ayvalıtaş's family to enter, which eased the protesters' clashes with the police. The taxi driver and the owner of the taxi, in which the driver drove into a group of demonstrators and fatally injured Ayvalıtaş and who were charged with manslaughter, faced sentences of three to 15 years in prison. The Kurdish MP Sebahat Tuncel described the incident as a "clearly [...] politically motivated act" and ruled out that it could have been a criminal case or a traffic accident.
Web links
- Wave of protests in Turkey - Background at the Federal Agency for Civic Education
- A record of Taksim Gezi-Park protests - course of events in pictures
- #occupygezi on tumblr.com with pictures of the protests
- Timeline of Gezi Park protests (English) - Chronology of the events (October 31, 2012 to June 20, 2013) by Hürriyet Daily News ( archived ( September 23, 2013 memento on WebCite ))
- Amnesty International : Turkey: Gezi Park protests: Brutal denial of the right to peaceful assembly in Turkey (Link to pdf (72 pages), published on October 2, 2013 (in English and in Turkish)) - With a chronology of events for May 27 to August 20 in Appendix 1 (“Timeline of Gezi Park protests”), pp. 54–48
Individual evidence
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- ↑ Gezi Parkı'na kepçe direnişe gaz. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Birgün Gazetesi, May 29, 2013, accessed June 3, 2013.
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- ↑ Ankara'da binlerce insan sokaklarda ( Memento from June 3, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Skyturk360, June 2, 2013, archived from the original on June 3, 2013.
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- ↑ Another 500 demonstrators arrested. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Nuremberg Press, June 3, 2013, accessed on June 3, 2013.
- ^ Protests in Turkey: "Erdogan calls us Capulcu - looters". Handelsblatt, June 6, 2013, accessed on June 6, 2013.
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- ↑ Turkish political leader denies mall was ever planned in park. CNN, June 3, 2013, accessed June 4, 2013.
- ↑ a b Turkish President Gül: “The message of the protests has been understood”. Spiegel Online, June 3, 2013, accessed June 6, 2013.
- ↑ Servant of his power. Süddeutsche Zeitung, June 4, 2013, accessed on June 4, 2013.
- ↑ Istanbul Stock Exchange. Borsa Istanbul, June 4, 2013, accessed June 4, 2013.
- ↑ Exchange rates of the Turkish lira against the euro (from May 5, 2013 to June 3, 2013).
- ↑ Riots in Istanbul - When night falls, the police come. ( Memento from July 18, 2013 on WebCite ) Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (FAZ.NET), June 4, 2013, by Karen Krüger, archived from the original on July 18, 2013.
- ^ Revolt against Erdogan: "We are the resistance". Spiegel Online, June 4, 2013, accessed June 4, 2013.
- ↑ a b Turkish protester dies during protests in Antakya. Die Zeit, June 4, 2013, accessed on June 4, 2013.
- ^ Turkey protests: Union to start two-day strike. BBC, June 4, 2013, accessed June 4, 2013.
- ↑ Doğaya, yaşama, emeğe, Taksim'e sahip çıkmak için, AKP faşizmine teslim olmadığımızı göstermek için, 5 haziran'da alanlardayız! ( Memento from June 8, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Devrimci İşçi Sendikaları Konfederasyonu (DİSK), June 4, 2013, archived from the original on June 8, 2013; Literally also from: Kamu Emekçileri Sendikaları Konfederasyonu (KESK), Türk Tabipleri Birliği (TTB) and Türk Mühendis ve Mimar Odaları Birliği (TMMOB).
- ↑ Doğaya, yaşama, emeğe, Taksim'e sahip çıkmak için, AKP faşizmine teslim olmadığımızı göstermek için, 5 haziran'da alanlardayız! ( Memento from June 8, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Türk Tabipleri Birliği (TTB), June 4, 2013, archived from the original on June 8, 2013; Literally also from: Devrimci İşçi Sendikaları Konfederasyonu (DİSK), Kamu Emekçileri Sendikaları Konfederasyonu (KESK) and Türk Mühendis ve Mimar Odaları Birliği (TMMOB).
- ↑ Istanbul United: Protests bring rival fans together, for now. Reuters, June 4, 2013, accessed June 5, 2013.
- ↑ Istanbul's hostile football clubs united. Euronews, June 4, 2013, accessed June 5, 2013.
- ↑ stanbul United: Rival fans of Fenerbahce, Galatasaray, and Besiktas protest against the Turkish government together. Football Report, June 5, 2013, accessed June 5, 2013.
- ^ Turkish Official Apologizes for Force Used at Start of Riots. New York Times, June 4, 2013, accessed June 5, 2013.
- ↑ Erdogan arrests Twitter activists. Die Welt, June 5, 2013, accessed June 5, 2013.
- ↑ İzmir'de sosyal medya operasyonu: 24 kişi gözaltında. Milliyet, June 5, 2013, accessed June 5, 2013.
- ↑ Türk Ceza Kanunu. Adalet Bakanlığı, accessed June 5, 2013.
- ↑ "Message? What message? ”. taz, June 4, 2013, accessed June 6, 2013.
- ↑ The ultimate test for Turkey. Süddeutsche Zeitung, June 5, 2013, accessed on June 6, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d Erdogan declares war on the protest movement. ( Memento from June 7, 2013 on WebCite ) Die Welt, June 6, 2013, by Boris Kálnoky, archived from the original on June 7, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d Erdogan is raging, Turkey is seething - Prime Minister announces tough action against protesters and suspects conspiracy. ( Memento from June 9, 2013 on WebCite ) Die Welt, June 7, 2013, by Boris Kálnoky, archived from the original on June 9, 2013.
- ↑ Third person this in Turkey in crackdown on Gezi Park protests ( Memento of 5 June 2013 Webcite ) (English). Al Akhbar English, June 5, 2013, archived from the original June 5, 2013.
- ↑ Göstericilerin Sağlık Durumları-Tabip Odaları ve Hekimlerden Derlenen Veriler ( Memento from June 5, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Türk Tabipleri Birliği, June 5, 2013, archived from the original on June 5, 2013. The processing status is given as June 4, 2013, 9 p.m.
- ↑ a b Göstericilerin Sağlık Durumları-Tabip Odaları ve Hekimlerden Derlenen Veriler ( Memento from June 6, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Türk Tabipleri Birliği, June 6, 2013, archived from the original on June 6, 2013. The processing status is given as June 5, 2013, 6 p.m.
- ↑ Live from 'Occupied' Gezi Park: In Istanbul, a New Turkish Protest Movement Is Born. TIME, June 5, 2013, accessed June 7, 2013.
- ↑ Istanbul Gezi Park plan to proceed - Turkish PM Erdogan. BBC, June 6, 2013, accessed June 7, 2013.
- ↑ Erdogan calls demonstrators "vandals". n-tv, June 7, 2013, accessed June 7, 2013.
- ↑ Erdoğan wants park project to be built despite protests. Die Zeit, June 6, 2013, accessed on June 7, 2013.
- ↑ Erdogan accuses demonstrators of "terrorism". Hamburger Abendblatt, June 7, 2013, accessed on June 7, 2013.
- ↑ a b c "Let's crush them all!" - Erdogan celebrated frenetically on his return to Turkey. ( Memento June 7, 2013 on WebCite ) Focus Online June 7, 2013, archived from the original on June 7, 2013.
- ↑ Erdoğan'ı sabaha karşı binlerce kişi karşıladı. BBC, June 7, 2013, accessed June 7, 2013.
- ↑ a b Göstericilerin Sağlık Durumları / The Health Status Of The Demonstrators ( Memento from June 7, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Türk Tabipleri Birliği, June 7, 2013, archived from the original ( memento of August 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) on June 7, 2013. English version (text file): The Health Status Of The Demonstrators ( memento of June 7, 2013 on WebCite ) , archived from the original ( MS Word ; 44 kB) on June 7, 2013.
- ↑ Sivil giyim, elde sopa. Radikal Gazetesi, June 8, 2013, accessed June 9, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d Wave of protests in Turkey - Erdogan's appeal comes nowhere. ( Memento from June 11, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) tagesschau.de, June 8, 2013, archived from the original ( Memento from June 11, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) on June 9, 2013.
- ↑ a b c Turkey - Protests continue. ( Memento from June 9, 2013 on WebCite ) FAZ.NET, June 8, 2013, archived from the original on June 9, 2013.
- ↑ Protests in Turkey - Erdogan's AKP rules out new elections. ( Memento from June 9, 2013 on WebCite ) Süddeutsche.de, June 8, 2013, archived from the original on June 9, 2013.
- ^ Protest in Turkey - Erdoğan's options. ( Memento from June 9, 2013 on WebCite ) Zeit Online, June 8, 2013, archived from the original on June 9, 2013.
- ^ Protest in Istanbul - Police fire tear gas at demonstrators. ( Memento from June 9, 2013 on WebCite ) Zeit Online, June 8, 2013, archived from the original on June 9, 2013.
- ↑ Protests in Turkey - “You cannot stop us”. ( Memento from June 9, 2013 on WebCite ) Handelsblatt, June 9, 2013, archived from the original on June 9, 2013.
- ↑ AKP rejects new elections - protests continue. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ZDF Today, June 9, 2013, accessed on June 9, 2013.
- ↑ Wave of protests in Turkey: Anti-Erdogan demos don't stop. ( Memento from June 11, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Tagesschau, June 9, 2013, accessed on June 9, 2013.
- ↑ AKP rules out new elections - protests continue. Die Welt, June 9, 2013, accessed June 9, 2013.
- ↑ a b c Protest in Turkey - AKP rules out new elections. ( Memento from June 9, 2013 on WebCite ) FAZ.net, June 9, 2013, archived from the original on June 9, 2013.
- ↑ a b Protests in Turkey - freedom with staying power. ( Memento from June 10, 2013 on WebCite ) die tageszeitung, June 9, 2013, by Jürgen Gottschlich, archived from the original on June 10, 2013.
- ↑ a b Protests expand - Turkish police officers commit suicide. ( Memento from June 9, 2013 on WebCite ) n-tv, June 9, 2013, archived from the original on June 9, 2013.
- ↑ Taraftar grupları Gezi Parkı için birleşti. Skyturk360, May 31, 2013, accessed June 9, 2013.
- ↑ Dört Büyükler 'Gezi Parkı' İçin Toplanıyor. SonDakika.com, June 8, 2013, accessed June 9, 2013.
- ↑ Taraftarlardan olay Gezi Parkı tezahüratı !. Vatan Gazetesi, June 8, 2013, accessed June 9, 2013.
- ↑ a b Team work of united ultras set Taksim 'on fire'. Hürriyet Daily News, June 8, 2013, accessed June 9, 2013.
- ↑ a b Istanbul and Ankara - Protests keep Turkey in suspense. ( Memento from June 9, 2013 on WebCite ) stern.de, June 9, 2013, archived from the original on June 9, 2013.
- ↑ a b Göstericilerin Sağlık Durumları / The Health Status Of The Demonstrators ( Memento from June 10, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Türk Tabipleri Birliği, June 10, 2013, archived from the original ( memento of August 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) on June 10, 2013. The nominal publication date is June 7, 2013. The processing status is stated as June 8, 2013, 6 pm. Elsewhere, the data period is May 31 through June 6.
- ↑ Turkey: Protests send stock exchanges downhill. ( Memento from June 10, 2013 on WebCite ) Deutschlandradio , June 10, 2013, archived from the original on June 10, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d Information at noon ( Memento from June 10, 2013 on WebCite ) (MP3; 3.8 MB). Deutschlandradio , June 10, 2013, by Christian Buttkereit, archived from the original (MP3; 3.8 MB) on June 10, 2013.
- ↑ Divided Society - Turkey between the Modern and the Past. ( Memento from July 1, 2013 on WebCite ) Deutschlandradio, June 29, 2013, by Reinhard Baumgarten, archived from the original on July 1, 2013.
- ↑ a b Erdoğan heats up mood: “Attacks against headscarves and mosques”. ( Memento from June 10, 2013 on WebCite ) German Turkish News, June 9, 2013, archived from the original on June 10, 2013.
- ↑ Assaults on women with headscarves: OccupyGezi activists protest. ( Memento from June 10, 2013 on WebCite ) German Turkish News, June 8, 2013, archived from the original on June 10, 2013.
- ↑ Dolmabahçe Camii'nde İçki İçildiği İddiaları Gezi Parkı Direnişi'ni İtibarsızlaştırmaya Yöneliktir ( Memento from June 12, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Türk Tabipleri Birliği, June 10, 2013, archived from the original on June 10, 2013.
- ↑ Six Turkish policemen commit suicide during Gezi protests, union head says. Hürriyet Daily News, June 9, 2013, accessed June 9, 2013.
- ↑ Six Turkish police officers commit suicide. Stern, June 9, 2013, accessed June 9, 2013.
- ↑ İzmir'de Sağlık Hizmeti Sunan Meslektaşımıza Polis Saldırısı ( Memento from June 10, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Türk Tabipleri Birliği, June 9, 2013, archived from the original on June 10, 2013.
- ↑ Eli sopalılar sağlıkçıları dövdü iddiası ( Memento from June 10, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Haberhürriyeti.net, June 4, 2013, by Cihan Durak, archived from the original on June 10, 2013.
- ↑ Taksim Gezi Parkı'ndaki Olaylar ( Memento June 10, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Haberler.com, June 6, 2013, archived from the original on June 10, 2013.
- ↑ a b Protests in Turkey: Erdogan wants to meet the Gezi Park leader. ( Memento from June 10, 2013 on WebCite ) Spiegel Online, June 10, 2013, archived from the original on June 10, 2013.
- ↑ Göstericilerin Sağlık Durumları / The Health Status Of The Demonstrators ( Memento from June 12, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Türk Tabipleri Birliği, June 12, 2013, archived from the original ( memento of August 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) on June 12, 2013. The date of issue is June 12, 2013. The processing status is stated as June 10, 2013, 6 pm.
- ↑ a b Taksim Square is like a battlefield. Die Welt, June 11, 2013, accessed June 12, 2013.
- ↑ a b Escalation in Istanbul: Erdogan defends police operation against demonstrators. Spiegel Online, June 11, 2013, accessed June 11, 2013.
- ↑ a b c Police clear Taksim Square in Istanbul. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, June 11, 2013, accessed on June 11, 2013. Note from July 18, 2013: The link is redirected to Demonstrators in Istanbul defying the police - Serious clashes on Taksim Square ( Memento from July 18, 2013 on WebCite ), archived from the original on July 18, 2013.
- ↑ n-tv.de : Istanbul Taksim Square stormed - Erdogan declares the end of "tolerance" .
- ↑ Brutal battle for Taksim Square. ORF, June 11, 2013, accessed on June 12, 2013.
- ↑ a b c Park Protests - “Tear gas rifles used like sharp weapons” ( Memento from June 27, 2013 on WebCite ) , Die Welt, June 11, 2013, archived from the original on June 27, 2013.
- ↑ a b c "End of Tolerance" - New attacks on Gezi-Park. Focus Online, June 11, 2013, accessed June 11, 2013.
- ↑ Federal government concerned about development on Taksim Square. ( Memento from June 13, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Süddeutsche Zeitung, June 11, 2013, accessed on June 11, 2013.
- ^ Dialogue in Ankara, demo in Istanbul. ( Memento from June 15, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Tagesschau, June 12, 2013, accessed on June 12, 2013.
- ↑ a b Police clear Taksim Square in Istanbul. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, June 11, 2013, accessed on June 11, 2013.
- ↑ Christine Schlötzer: The uproar in Turkey - With the fire of anger. Süddeutsche Zeitung, June 12, 2013, p. 2.
- ↑ With a gas mask in the tear gas sea - demonstrator in Istanbul: “I'm afraid of a civil war”. Focus Online, June 11, 2013, accessed June 11, 2013.
- ↑ a b c violence rules Istanbul. Handelsblatt, June 11, 2013, accessed on June 12, 2013.
- ↑ Tear gas envelops Taksim Square. ( Memento from June 15, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Tagesschau, June 11, 2013, accessed on June 12, 2013.
- ↑ a b Street battle on Taksim Square. N24, June 11, 2013, accessed June 12, 2013.
- ↑ Taksim Square is like a battlefield. Der Tagesspiegel, June 11, 2013, accessed on June 12, 2013.
- ↑ Tear gas and flames in Taksim Square. Tagesanzeiger, June 11, 2013, accessed June 12, 2013.
- ↑ İstanbul Valisi Mutlu: Gelin çocuklarınızı alın, can güvenlikleri yok. Hürriyet, June 12, 2013, accessed June 12, 2013.
- ↑ Turkish Internet news portal Gerçek Gündem : Adliyede 73 avukata gözaltı (German: 73 lawyers arrested in the judicial building) , accessed on June 11, 2013, (Turkish).
- ↑ zeit.de June 11, 2013: Erdoğan arrests dozens of lawyers .
- ↑ a b c d crackdown in Istanbul - The great void after the storm. ( Memento from June 12, 2013 on WebCite ) Handelsblatt.com, June 11, 2013, archived from the original on June 12, 2013. The article was updated on June 12, 2013, 4:41 am.
- ↑ a b c d Göstericilerin Sağlık Durumları / The Health Status Of The Demonstrators - 20 Haziran 203 ( Memento from June 21, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Türk Tabipleri Birliği, June 21, 2013, archived from the original ( memento of August 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) on June 21, 2013. The nominal publication date is June 20, 2013. The processing status is stated as June 20, 2013, 6:00 pm . Previously, a version with the same processing status, but slightly different dates, was under the nominal publication date “17. June 2013 “ ( Memento from June 21, 2013 on WebCite ) published, archived from the original on June 21, 2013.
- ↑ Gazı 'vatan için' sıkıyorlarmış! (dt: They spray the gas for the fatherland) . Gerçek Gündem, June 12, 2013, accessed July 1, 2013.
- ↑ NTV önünde 'Ak-sever' eylemi (dt: A 'ACP prefer' protest in front of the NTV station). , June 12, 2013, accessed July 1, 2013.
- ↑ Avukata yaka paça gözaltı yargıyı ayağa kaldırdı (dt: the gross arrest of lawyers raised the judiciary). Hürriyet, June 12, 2013, accessed July 1, 2013.
- ↑ Erdogan is considering Gezi referendum ( memento from June 15, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), Tagesschau.de from June 12, 2013
- ↑ Başbakan Erdoğan'dan Gezi Parkı talimatı (German: Gezi Park order from Prime Minister Erdoğan). Hürriyet, June 12, 2013, (Turkish).
- ↑ Erdoğan Gezi için süre verdi ( Eng .: Erdoğan gave an ultimatum for Gezi). Gerçek Gündem, June 12, 2013, accessed July 1, 2013.
- ^ Konstanz pianist on Taksim-Platz , Spiegel online June 14, 2013.
- ↑ Gezi'de baret ve mask gözaltısı (German: helmet and face mask arrests in the Gezi). Gerçek Gündem, June 13, 2013, accessed July 1, 2013.
- ↑ Erdogan threatens to evacuate Gezi Park. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, June 13, 2013, accessed on June 13, 2013.
- ↑ Turkey protests - Erdogan gives demonstrators an ultimatum. ( Memento from June 14, 2013 on WebCite ) Handelsblatt, June 13, 2013, archived from the original on June 13, 2013.
- ↑ Erdoğan bildiğiniz gibi (Eng: Erdoğan is as you know him). Gerçek Gündem, June 13, 2013, accessed July 1, 2013.
- ^ Criticism of the decision of the European Parliament. TRT, June 13, 2013, accessed June 13, 2013.
- ↑ Bakan'dan Gezi doktorlarına tehdit (Eng: threat from the minister to the Gezi doctors). Yurt Gazetesi, June 13, 2013, accessed July 1, 2013.
- ↑ Gezi eylemcilerine gönüllü sağlık hizmeti, insani yardım'hukuki değil 'mi? ( Memento from June 14, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Türk Tabipleri Birliği, June 13, 2013, archived from the original on June 14, 2013.
- ^ Last warning from Prime Minister Erdogan ( memento from June 17, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), Tagesschau.de from June 13, 2013.
- ↑ Anneler Gezi Parkı'nda (German: The mothers are in Gezi Park). Gerçek Gündem, June 13, 2013, accessed July 1, 2013.
- ↑ Persevering in the rain ( Memento from June 18, 2013 in the Internet Archive ). Tagesschau.de June 14, 2013.
- ↑ Erdogan gives way to the Gezi Park conflict. ( Memento from June 14, 2013 on WebCite ) IRIB World Service Iran German Radio, June 14, 2013, archived from the original on June 14, 2013.
- ↑ a b Gov't to comply with court ruling suspending Gezi Park's demolition ( Memento of 14 June 2013 Webcite ) (English). Hürriyet Daily News, June 14, 2013, archived from the original on June 14, 2013. Nominal issue date is June 13, 2013.
- ↑ Persevering in the rain ( Memento from June 18, 2013 in the Internet Archive ). Tagesschau.de June 14, 2013.
- ↑ Erdoğan kaşıdıkça kaşıyor (Eng: Erdoğan provoked and provoked). Gerçek Gündem, June 14, 2013, accessed July 1, 2013.
- ↑ Göstericilerin Sağlık Durumları / The Health Status Of The Demonstrators - 14 Haziran 2013 ( Memento from June 14, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Türk Tabipleri Birliği, June 14, 2013, archived from the original ( memento of August 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) on June 14, 2013. The nominal publication date is June 13, 2013. The processing status is stated as June 14, 2013, 6 pm.
- ↑ a b Government threatens to deploy the army. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, June 17, 2013, accessed on June 17, 2013.
- ↑ a b Christiane Schlötzer: Large-scale operation in Istanbul - There is no more Gezi Park , Süddeutsche Zeitung June 15, 2013.
- ↑ Boris Kálnoky: Stormed Gezi Park - “I've never been so hopeless” , Die Welt, June 15, 2013.
- ↑ a b Police clear Istanbul's Gezi Park after Erdogan warning , BBC, June 16, 2013, accessed July 1, 2013.
- ↑ Daniel Steinvorth, Bernhard Zand et al .: Don't bend over. The uprising against Erdoğan. 2013, p. 84.
- ↑ Istanbul: Gezi Park forcibly cleared , Kurier, June 15, 2013.
- ↑ Police storm Gezi Park in Istanbul. ( Memento from June 18, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Tagesschau, June 15, 2013, accessed on June 15, 2013.
- ↑ Alman siyasətçi qaz qurbanı ( Memento from June 18, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ), Haber Monitor, June 16, 2013.
- ↑ “Don't run away, that's what it's about now!” ( Memento from June 19, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), tagesschau.de from June 16, 2013.
- ↑ Kask numaraları silinmiş polisler Hilton Oteli'ne girdi. Ulusal TV, June 16, 2013, accessed July 1, 2013.
- ↑ a b c Istanbul - Turkish police evacuate Gezi protest camp. ( Memento from June 16, 2013 on WebCite ) FAZ.net, June 15, 2013, archived from the original on June 16, 2013.
- ↑ a b c Clashes, chaos erupt at Ankara gathering for slain protester ( Memento from June 17, 2013 on WebCite ) (English). CNN, June 17, 2013, by Ian Lee, Antonia Mortensen and Gul Tuysuz, archived from the original on June 17, 2013.
- ↑ Erdogan carries out his threat. Neue Zürcher Zeitung, June 17, 2013, accessed on July 1, 2013.
- ↑ "This is what war looks like". Frankfurter Rundschau, June 16, 2013, accessed on July 1, 2013.
- ↑ ACIL: Taksim'de Can Pazarı. TTB Başkanı Sağlık Bakanı'nı Arayarak Taksim'e Acil Yardım Taleplerini İletti! ( Memento from June 16, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Türk Tabipleri Birliği, June 15, 2013, archived from the original on June 16, 2013.
- ↑ Internet news portal of the Turkish opposition television station Ulusal TV: Boğaz'da barikatlar yıkıldı! , June 16, 2013, (Turkish).
- ↑ Jandarma TOMA'sı da müdahalede. Hürriyet, June 16, 2013, accessed June 16, 2013.
- ↑ Jandarma da Taksim'de. Milliyet, June 16, 2013, accessed June 16, 2013.
- ↑ Ulusal TV: Eskişehir ayakta! , June 16, 2013 (Turkish).
- ↑ Internet news portal of the Turkish opposition television station Ulusal TV: AKP'nin 12 Eylül zulmü! , June 16, 2013 (Turkish).
- ↑ a b c Istanbul: Hundreds of people injured after evacuating the protest camp. ( Memento from June 16, 2013 on WebCite ) Courier, June 16, 2013, archived from the original on June 16, 2013.
- ↑ a b Tazyikli suyun içine biber gazı ( Memento from June 20, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Hürriyet, June 17, 2013, archived from the original on June 20, 2013.
- ↑ Protests against Erdogan: The stubborn man from the Bosporus. ( Memento from June 21, 2013 on WebCite ) Spiegel Online, June 20, 2013, by Maximilian Popp, archived from the original on June 21, 2013.
- ↑ Jandarma Boğaziçi Köprüsü'nde konuşlandı. Sabah, June 16, 2013, accessed June 6, 2013.
- ↑ n24.de : " Taksim is everywhere, there is resistance everywhere" .
- ↑ haberler.com:Mecidiyeköy'de Jandarma Ekipleri Bekletiliyor .
- ↑ aksam.com:Mecidiyeköy'de jandarma desteği .
- ↑ huerriyet.com.tr: Mecediyeköy'de Jandarma rkipleri bekletiyor ( Memento from June 21, 2013 in the Internet Archive ).
- ↑ Cenazesine bile tahammülleri yok ( Memento from June 16, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Ulusal Canal, June 16, 2013, archived from the original on June 16, 2013.
- ↑ a b Turkish police stop convoy of protester's funeral, raid on waiting crowd in Ankara ( Memento from June 22, 2013 on WebCite ) (English). Hürriyet Daily News, June 16, 2013, by Can Güleryüzlü and Mesut Hasan Benli, archived from the original on June 22, 2013.
- ↑ Police and protesters clash in Istanbul ( Memento from June 17, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish, English). Aljazeera, June 17, 2013, archived from the original on June 17, 2013.
- ↑ Polis Taksim'de yine direnişçilere biber gazı ve tazyikli suyla müdahale etti. Gerçek Gündem, June 16, 2013, accessed July 1, 2013.
- ↑ http://www.gercekgundem.com/?p=551246 Polis Berkin'i başından vurdu. ( Memento from July 11, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Gerçek Gündem, June 16, 2013, archived from the original on July 11, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d e f Göstericilerin Sağlık Durumları / The Health Status Of The Demonstrators - 15 Temmuz 2013 ( Memento from July 16, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Türk Tabipleri Birliği, July 15, 2013, archived from the original ( memento from August 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) on July 16, 2013. The nominal publication date is July 15, 2013. The processing status is July 15, 2013, 6:00 p.m. specified.
- ↑ Police violence at Gezi protest: Turkish boy dies after nine months in a coma , Spiegel Online , March 11, 2014
- ↑ Suspected pepper spray in Turkish water cannons. ( Memento from June 20, 2013 on WebCite ) Zeit Online, June 17, 2013, archived from the original on June 20, 2013.
- ↑ Skin burns on demonstrators in Istanbul - Turkish police mix toxic chemicals in water cannons. ( Memento from June 21, 2013 on WebCite ) Focus Online, June 16, 2013, archived from the original on June 21, 2013.
- ^ Bitter balance sheet after new violence ( memento from June 20, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Tagesschau.de, accessed on June 17, 2013.
- ↑ Protests in Turkey - Bitter results after renewed violence. ( Memento from June 20, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) tagesschau.de, June 17, 2013, archived from the original ( Memento from June 20, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) on June 21, 2013.
- ↑ Türk Tabipleri Birliği'nden acil çağrı! ( Memento from June 16, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish, English). Türk Tabipleri Birliği, June 16, 2013, archived from the original on June 16, 2013.
- ↑ Lawyers report 400 arrests in Istanbul. Die Zeit, June 17, 2013, accessed on June 18, 2013.
- ↑ a b Protests against Erdogan: UN warns Turkish government against the use of force. ( Memento from June 18, 2013 on WebCite ) Spiegel Online, June 18, 2013, archived from the original on June 18, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d Göstericilerin Sağlık Durumları / The Health Status Of The Demonstrators - 17 Haziran 203 ( Memento from June 17, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Türk Tabipleri Birliği, June 17, 2013, archived from the original ( memento from August 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) on June 17, 2013. The processing status is stated as June 17, 2013, 6 pm. English version (text file): Health Statues of demonstrators - Data covered by medical chambers and phsicians (31st of MAY - 17th of JUNE) ( Memento from June 21, 2013 on WebCite ) , archived from the original ( MS Word ; 41 KB) on 21 . June 2013.
- ^ Turkey: Again violence against demonstrators , Deutschland Radio, June 17, 2013.
- ↑ People's tribune and demagogue ( memento from July 29, 2013 on WebCite ), faz.net, archived from the original on July 29, 2013.
- ↑ Mass rallies for Erdoğan's government policy - "The Turkish Spring already took place on November 3, 2002" ( Memento from July 29, 2013 on WebCite ) , German Turkish Journal, June 17, 2013, by Mustafa Kemal Çibik, archived from the original on June 29 , 2013 . July 2013.
- ↑ Tazyikli suyun içine biber gazı , June 16, 2013.
- ↑ Turkish government threatens to deploy the army focus.de, accessed on June 17, 2013.
- ↑ Turkish government threatens demonstrators with army welt.de, accessed on June 17, 2013.
- ^ Government threatens to deploy the army ( memento from June 19, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Tagesschau.de, accessed on June 17, 2013.
- ^ Bitter balance sheet after new violence ( memento from June 20, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Tagesschau.de, accessed on June 17, 2013.
- ^ Government threatens to deploy the army ( memento from June 19, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Tagesschau.de, accessed on June 17, 2013.
- ^ Appeal from Montgomery - Medical Association protests against Erdogan's harshness. ( Memento from June 17, 2013 on WebCite ) Neue Osnabrücker Zeitung, June 17, 2013, by Christof Haverkamp, archived from the original on June 17, 2013.
- ↑ Turkish government has to guarantee medical care on Taksim Square in Istanbul. ( Memento from June 17, 2013 on WebCite ) German Medical Association, press release, June 17, 2013, archived from the original on June 17, 2013.
- ↑ Alman Tabipler Birliği'nden TTB'ye Mektup ( Memento from June 17, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Türk Tabipleri Birliği, June 17, 2013, archived from the original on June 17, 2013.
- ↑ a b Turkey: Hardly any protests during the night. ( Memento from June 18, 2013 on WebCite ) dradio.de, June 18, 2013, archived from the original on June 18, 2013.
- ↑ The silent dancer. Süddeutsche Zeitung, June 18, 2013, accessed on July 1, 2013.
- ↑ "Duran Adam" in Turkey - Standing still man brings peace to Istanbul. ( Memento from June 18, 2013 on WebCite ) Focus Online, June 18, 2013, archived from the original on June 18, 2013.
- ^ "Turkish protester's civil disobedience act in Taksim ends in custody" hurriyetdailynews.com of June 18, 2013.
- ↑ Green leader Roth calls for clear words from NATO , Saarbrücker Zeitung June 18, 2013.
- ^ Protest in Turkey: Erdogan proclaims victory over demonstrators. In: Spiegel Online . June 18, 2013, accessed June 9, 2018 .
- ^ Police raids in Ankara and Istanbul , zeit.de from June 18, 2013.
- ↑ a b The fighters from Gezi Park are in custody: Let's increase international solidarity against the arrest attacks! MLCP website .
- ↑ a b c Protests - members of the left-wing ESP have to go to prison after protests in Turkey. ( Memento from August 31, 2013 on WebCite ) Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung, June 21, 2013, archived from the original on August 31, 2013.
- ↑ Dozens of arrests during searches of the FAZ's online article .
- ↑ Turkish media: We are all penguins online article of the FAZ .
- ↑ Doubts about the Turkish rule of law. Die Zeit, June 20, 2013, accessed on June 23, 2013.
- ↑ Direnişin yeni simgesi #duranadam ve #durankadinlar çoğalıyor , sendika.org from June 18, 2013 (Turkish) with photos.
- ^ United in a silent protest ( Memento from June 21, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), Tagesschau.de June 19, 2013.
- ↑ Turkey is running out of tear gas , fr-online.de June 19, 2013.
- ↑ www.amnesty.org/en/region/turkey .
- ↑ March 27, 2013: Turkey: Decriminalize dissent: Time to deliver on the right to freedom of expression , Turkey: Time to remove the shackles on freedom .
- ↑ April 30, 2013: Turkey: Legal reforms fall short on freedom of expression .
- ↑ Turkey is running out of tear gas , fr-online.de June 19, 2013.
- ↑ Biber gazı ve diğer gösteri kontrol ajanları kimyasal bir silah olarak kabul edilmelidir! Acilen yasaklanmalıdır! ( Memento from June 19, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Türk Tabipleri Birliği, June 19, 2013, archived from the original on June 19, 2013.
- ↑ Commencement day - Graduates Walk With Ethem Sarısülük Masks ( Memento from June 24, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Bianet, June 20, 2013, by Serhat Korkmaz, archived from the original on June 24, 2013.
- ^ Warning from Turkey: "Germany shouldn't play with our EU accession" , Spiegel Online, June 20, 2013.
- ↑ Debate about Turkey's accession to the EU: Westerwelle amazes at the sharp reaction from Ankara. Spiegel Online, June 20, 2013, accessed July 1, 2013.
- ↑ EU dispute: Turkish EU minister sets Chancellor Merkel ultimatum , spiegel.de, June 21, 2013.
- ↑ Berlin angry about Ankara's criticism of Merkel .
- ↑ a b c d Turkish police dissolve new mass demonstrations ( memento from June 23, 2013 on WebCite ) , dradio.de, June 23, 2013, archived from the original on June 24, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d New Protests - Carnations and Water Cannons on Taksim Square ( Memento from June 23, 2013 on WebCite ) , 20 minutes, June 23, 2013, archived from the original on June 23, 2013.
- ↑ a b c Brazil and Turkey: Again big protests, again tear gas ( memento from June 23, 2013 on WebCite ) , Neues Deutschland, June 23, 2013, archived from the original on June 23, 2013.
- ↑ a b c Protests in Istanbul - Taksim Square cleared with water cannons ( memento from June 23, 2013 on WebCite ) , Handelsblatt, June 23, 2013, archived from the original on June 23, 2013.
- ↑ Protests on Taksim Square Police use water cannons against demonstrators ( memento from June 23, 2013 on WebCite ) , Der Tagesspiegel, June 22, 2013, archived from the original on June 23, 2013.
- ↑ Protests in Istanbul - Turkish police use water cannons again ( memento from June 23, 2013 on WebCite ) , Zeit Online, June 23, 2013, archived from the original on June 23, 2013.
- ↑ a b c Göstericilerin Sağlık Durumları / The Health Status Of The Demonstrators - 24 Haziran 203 ( Memento from June 26, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Türk Tabipleri Birliği, June 26, 2013, archived from the original ( memento of August 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) on June 26, 2013. The processing status is stated as June 24, 2013, 6 pm. English version (text file): Health Statues of Demonstrators - Data Covered by Medical Chambers And Physicians (31st of MAY - 24th of JUNE) ( Memento from June 26, 2013 on WebCite ) , archived from the original ( MS Word ; 47 KB) on 26 June 2013 . June 2013.
- ↑ Foreign ministers try to limit the damage South Germans June 22, 2013.
- ^ Berlin, Ankara trade protests in EU row , Hürriyet Daily News. June 22, 2013.
- ↑ Cologne - tens of thousands demonstrate against Erdogan ( memento from June 23, 2013 on WebCite ) , RP Online, June 22, 2013, archived from the original on June 23, 2013.
- ↑ Ethem Sarısülük'ü vuran polis serbest bırakıldı ( Memento from June 24, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Hürriyet, June 24, 2013, by Fevzi Kızılkoyun, archived from the original on June 24, 2013.
- ↑ Ethem Sarısülük'ü vurduğu iddia edilen polis memuru serbest ( Memento from June 24, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Aksam.com.tr, June 24, 2013, archived from the original on June 24, 2013.
- ↑ Ethem Sarısülük'ü vuran polis serbest ( Memento from June 24, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). CNN Türk, June 24, 2013, archived from the original on June 24, 2013.
- ↑ a b c Kadıköy'de “Ethem Sarısülük” için yürüdüler ( Memento from June 25, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). CNN Türk, June 25, 2013, archived from the original on June 25, 2013.
- ↑ a b Kadıköy, Ethem Sarısülük için sokaklara aktı ( Memento from June 25, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Radikal, June 24, 2013, archived from the original on June 25, 2013.
- ↑ a b c Small anti-government protests rumble on in Turkish capital ( Memento from June 28, 2013 on WebCite ) (English). Reuters, June 27, 2013, from Jonathon Burch, archived from the original on June 28, 2013.
- ↑ a b Nadir, accessed on June 29, 2013, archived from the original ( Memento from July 19, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) on June 17, 2013. Other language versions:, and, archived from the Turkish ( Memento from June 11, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) or English ( Memento from June 16, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Original on June 29, 2013.
- ↑ Göstericilerin Sağlık Durumları / The Health Status Of The Demonstrators - 24 Haziran 203 ( Memento from June 25, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Türk Tabipleri Birliği, June 25, 2013, archived from the original ( memento of August 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) on June 25, 2013. The nominal publication date is June 21, 2013. The processing status is stated as June 24, 2013, 6:00 pm .
- ↑ a b Göstericilerin Sağlık Durumları / The Health Status Of The Demonstrators - 24 Haziran 2037 ( Memento from June 27, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Türk Tabipleri Birliği, June 27, 2013, archived from the original ( memento of August 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) on June 27, 2013. The nominal publication date is June 26, 2013. The processing status is stated as June 27, 2013, 6 pm .
- ↑ One dead person during protests in south-east Turkey ( memento from June 29, 2013 on WebCite ) , Neues Deutschland, June 29, 2013, archived from the original on June 29, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d e f New riots: Protests flare up again in Turkey ( memento from June 30, 2013 on WebCite ) , Deutsche Wirtschafts Nachrichten , June 30, 2013, archived from the original on June 30, 2013.
- ↑ a b Violent protests in Turkey against the killing of a Kurdish demonstrator ( memento from June 30, 2013 on WebCite ) , June 29, 2013, euronews, archived from the original on June 30, 2013.
- ↑ a b c New demonstrations in Istanbul - dead in Kurdish protest. ( Memento from June 30, 2013 on WebCite ) Stern, June 30, 2013, archived from the original on June 30, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d Turkey - Demonstration in solidarity with the Kurds ( memento from July 1, 2013 on WebCite ) , Die Zeit, June 30, 2013, archived from the original on July 1, 2013.
- ↑ a b Medeni Yıldırım'ın amcası Adnan Yıldırım da 19 yıl önce öldürüldü ( Memento from July 1, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Hürriyet, June 30, 2013, archived from the original on July 1, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d Demonstrators show solidarity ( memento from June 30, 2013 on WebCite ) , Deutsche Welle, June 30, 2013, by Senada Sokollu, archived from the original on June 30, 2013, accessed on July 1, 2013.
- ↑ Protests in Turkey - demonstrators show solidarity with Kurds ( memento from June 30, 2013 on WebCite ) , format.at, June 30, 2013, archived from the original on June 30, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d Dead in Kurdish protest - New demonstration in Istanbul ( memento from June 30, 2013 on WebCite ) , Stern, June 30, 2013, archived from the original on June 30, 2013.
- ↑ a b c Police detain protesters as Thousands gather at Taksim Square ( Memento of 24 July 2013 Webcite ) (English). Hürriyet Daily News, June 29, 2013, archived from the original on July 24, 2013.
- ↑ Basına ve Kamuoyuna 29 Haziran 2013 ( Memento from July 2, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Taksim Dayanışması, June 29, 2013, archived from the original on July 2, 2013.
- ↑ Taksim Dayanışması 29 Haziran basın açıklaması ( Memento from July 1, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Taksim Dayanışması, press release archived from the version on www.sendika.org on July 1, 2013.
- ↑ Erdoğan divided by language: Turkish artists place newspaper advertisements ( memento from July 1, 2013 on WebCite ) , German Turkish News, July 1, 2013, archived from the original on July 1, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d e Demonstration - Taksim Square Istanbul: Gays and lesbians protest against Erdoğan ( memento from July 1, 2013 on WebCite ) , German Turkish News, June 30, 2013, archived from the original on July 1, 2013.
- ↑ Turkey - New demonstrations in Istanbul - Kurdish protests killed. ( Memento from July 5, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Schwarzwälder Bote, June 30, 2013, accessed on June 30, 2013.
- ↑ Conflicts demonstrations Kurds Turkey - New demonstrations in Istanbul ( memento from June 30, 2013 on WebCite ) , n-tv, June 30, 2013, archived from the original on June 30, 2013.
- ↑ Tens of thousands demonstrate for gay rights ( memento from July 1, 2013 on WebCite ) , Handelsblatt, June 30, 2013, archived from the original on July 1, 2013.
- ↑ a b c Gezi Park Protests in Turkey: BDP politician calls for “violent repression” ( memento from July 1, 2013 on WebCite ) , German Turkish News, July 1, 2013, archived from the original on July 1, 2013.
- ↑ Sakık: 'Sandıkta yenişemedikleri iktidarı…' ( Memento from July 1, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Milliyet, June 30, 2013, archived from the original on July 1, 2013.
- ↑ a b Mersin'de Gezi gerginliği: 17 yaralı ( Memento from July 1, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Hürriyet, June 30, 2013, by Mustafa İnsan, archived from the original on July 1, 2013.
- ↑ See Turkish protest movement welcomes the verdict in the Gezi-Park case - the court verdict was made almost a month ago , Neues Deutschland July 5, 2013.
- ↑ a b Conspiracy theories about the Gezi verdict - the police were already gone ( memento from July 6, 2013 on WebCite ) , the daily newspaper, by Deniz Yücel, July 4, 2013, archived from the original on July 6, 2013.
- ↑ a b Istanbul: Court overturns Erdogan's conversion plans for Gezi Park ( memento from July 6, 2013 on WebCite ) , Spiegel Online, July 3, 2013, archived from the original on July 6, 2013.
- ↑ Değerli basın emekçileri ve kamuoyuna ( Memento from July 6, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Taksim Dayanışması, July 3, 2013, archived from the original on July 6, 2013.
- ^ Judgment in Istanbul: Zoning plans for Gezi Park overturned. ( Memento from July 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Tagesschau, July 4, 2013, accessed on July 4, 2013.
- ↑ 'redhack' to be tried as a virtual terrorist organization ( Memento of 6 July 2013 Webcite ) (English). Sabah, July 4, 2013, archived from the original on July 6, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d Turkey - Alliance wants to recapture Gezi-Park ( memento from July 6, 2013 on WebCite ) , Frankfurter Rundschau, July 5, 2013, archived from the original on July 6, 2013.
- ↑ a b c After protests in Turkey - allegation of “virtual terrorism” ( memento from July 6, 2013 on WebCite ) , the daily newspaper, July 5, 2013, archived from the original on July 6, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d Again violence against demonstrators in Istanbul ( memento from July 6, 2013 on WebCite ) , Salzburg24.at, July 6, 2013, archived from the original on July 6, 2013.
- ↑ a b c Protests at Taksim Square Istanbul: Again water cannons and tear gas against demonstrators ( memento from July 6, 2013 on WebCite ) , Der Tagesspiegel, July 6, 2013, archived from the original on July 6, 2013.
- ↑ Turkey - Police use tear gas against Taksim demonstrators ( memento from July 6, 2013 on WebCite ) , Zeit Online, July 6, 2013, archived from the original on July 6, 2013.
- ↑ a b After Taksim protests, hackers prosecuted Turkey for “virtual terrorism” ( memento from July 6, 2013 on WebCite ) , Berliner Zeitung, July 5, 2013, archived from the original on July 6, 2013.
- ↑ 15 detained over Istanbul's Gezi Park protests ( Memento of 6 July 2013 Webcite ) (English). Hürriyet Daily News, July 5, 2013, archived from the original on July 6, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d e Protest in Turkey - tear gas again on Taksim Square ( memento from July 7, 2013 on WebCite ) , Berliner Zeitung, July 6, 2013, archived from the original on July 7, 2013.
- ↑ With water cannons and tear gas against demonstrators - Another brutal use of the police in Istanbul ( memento from July 7, 2013 on WebCite ) , Bild.de, July 6, 2013, archived from the original on July 7, 2013.
- ↑ Turkey: Renewed violence against demonstrators ( Memento from July 6, 2013 on WebCite ) , DiePresse.com, July 6, 2013, archived from the original on July 6, 2013.
- ↑ Hunting scenes in Istanbul's pub district ( memento from July 10, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) tagesschau.de from July 7, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d e Turkey - police use water cannons and tear gas again ( memento from July 7, 2013 on WebCite ) , Die Welt, July 6, 2013, by Boris Kálnoky, archived from the original on July 7, 2013.
- ↑ Footage emerges showing assailants with machetes attacking protesters and bystanders in Istanbul ( Memento from July 9, 2013 on WebCite ) (video, English). Hürriyet Daily News, undated (July 6, 2013), archived from the original on July 9, 2013.
- ↑ Turkish court releases 'men with machetes' who attacked Gezi protesters ( Memento of 9 July 2013 Webcite ) (English). Hürriyet Daily News, July 6, 2013, archived from the original on July 9, 2013.
- ↑ Gezi gösterisinde pala dehşeti! ( Memento from July 9, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Vatan, July 6, 2013, archived from the original on July 9, 2013.
- ↑ Turkey - Police are again using tear gas against demonstrators ( memento from July 8, 2013 on WebCite ) , Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, July 6, 2013, archived from the original on July 8, 2013.
- ↑ Mecliste kanlı Gezi tartışması (German: Bloody Gezi Discussion in Parliament) on July 6, 2013, (Turkish).
- ↑ Turkish teen Becomes fifth fatality from June protests ( Memento of 10 July 2013 Webcite ) (English). NewStraitsTimes, July 10, 2013, archived from the original on July 10, 2013.
- ↑ Excessive use of force during Gezi protests should be punished: Council of Europe ( Memento from July 11, 2013 on WebCite ) (English). Hürriyet Daily News, July 8, 2013, archived from the original on July 11, 2013.
- ↑ Sad results: Gezi Park protests claim fifth death. German-Turkish News, July 10, 2013, accessed on July 11, 2013.
- ^ Council of Europe: Violence of the Gezi protests must not go unpunished , German Turkish News, July 8, 2013, accessed on July 11, 2013.
- ↑ Kadıköy'de festival başladı ( Memento from July 7, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Gerçek Gündem, July 7, 2013, archived from the original on July 7, 2013.
- ^ Again demonstrations at Gezi-Park ( memento from July 8, 2013 on WebCite ) , Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, July 8, 2013, archived from the original on July 8, 2013.
- ↑ a b c Crowds denounce police crack downs in 'Man Made of tear gas' Festival on Istanbul's Asian shore ( Memento of 10 July 2013 Webcite ) (English). Hürriyet Daily News, July 7, 2013, archived from the original on July 10, 2013.
- ↑ GAZDANADAM FESTİVALİ July 7, 2013. PZR. (1) , YouTube, published July 7, 2013 from the YouTube channel Ulusal Kanal , accessed July 10, 2013.
- ↑ Kadıköy'de Gazdanadam festivali ( Memento from July 10, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). CNN Türk, July 8, 2013, archived from the original on July 10, 2013.
- ↑ 'Her yer talcid, her yer direniş' ( Memento from July 10, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish), Milliyer, July 8, 2013, archived from the original on July 10, 2013.
- ↑ Bisiklete karşı TOMA( Memento from July 7, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Hürriyet , July 7, 2013, by Özge Eğrikar, archived from the original on July 7, 2013.
- ↑ Solidarity with the Turkish Prime Minister - Thousands of Erdogan supporters demonstrate in Düsseldorf ( Memento from July 8, 2013 on WebCite ) , Süddeutsche.de, July 7, 2013, archived from the original on July 8, 2013.
- ↑ Balance of the Turkish protests - People talk to each other ( memento from July 9, 2013 on WebCite ) , the daily newspaper, July 7, 2013, by Jürgen Gottschlich, archived from the original on July 9, 2013.
- ↑ a b c Protests at Gezi Park - New arrests in Istanbul ( memento from July 9, 2013 on WebCite ) , the daily newspaper, July 9, 2013, archived from the original on July 9, 2013.
- ↑ a b Demonstrations - Turkey: Symbol of the protests: Gezi Park in Istanbul reopened ( memento from July 8, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ) , Süddeutsche.de, July 8, 2013
- ↑ a b c Istanbul's Gezi Park closed to public again hours after official opening ( Memento of 8 July 2013 Webcite ) (English). Hürriyet Daily News, July 8, 2013, archived from the original on July 8, 2013.
- ↑ Gezi Parkı açıldı, kapatıldı ( Memento from July 8, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). CNN Türk, July 8, 2013, archived from the original on July 8, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d Clashes after the opening of Gezi Park in Istanbul ( memento from July 8, 2013 on WebCite ) , Bremervörder Zeitung, July 8, 2013, archived from the original on July 8, 2013.
- ↑ a b Protests Turkey - clashes after Gezi Park opening ( memento from July 9, 2013 on WebCite ) , Berliner Zeitung, July 8, 2013, archived from the original on July 9, 2013.
- ↑ a b Gezi Park reopened after protests in Istanbul ( memento from July 9, 2013 on WebCite ) . Web.de, July 9, 2013, archived from the original on July 9, 2013.
- ↑ Taksim'de polisin çıldırdığı an (German: The moment when the police went crazy on Taksim) ( Memento from July 9, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Gerçek Gündem, July 8, 2013, from Barış Yarkadaş, archived from the original on July 9, 2013.
- ↑ Taksim'de ateş eden o adam! (German: The man who shot at Taksim!) ( Memento from July 9, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Gerçek Gündem, July 8, 2013, by Selçuk Şamiloğlu, archived from the original on July 9, 2013.
- ↑ Polis onu kafasından vurdu (English: the police shot him in the head) ( Memento from July 9, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Gerçek Gündem, July 8, 2013, by Halil İbrahim Yurtbay and Ceren Terziahmetoğlu, archived from the original on July 9, 2013.
- ↑ 17 yaşındaki lise öğrencisi ağır yaralı ( Memento from July 11, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Hürriyet, July 9, 2013, by Halil İbrahim Yurtbay and Ceren Terziahmetoğlu, archived from the original on July 11, 2013.
- ↑ a b Police search houses of Gezi protests' starter group members ( Memento from July 11, 2013 on WebCite ) (English). Hürriyet Daily News, July 9, 2013, by Erdem Güneş, archived from the original on July 11, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d Göstericilerin Sağlık Durumları / The Health Status Of The Demonstrators - 10 Temmuz 2013 ( Memento from July 11, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Türk Tabipleri Birliği, July 10, 2013, archived from the original ( memento of August 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) on July 11, 2013. Nominal publication date is July 10, 2013. Actual date of publication is July 11, 2013. The processing status is on July 10, 2013. English version: Health Status Of Demonstrators - Data Collected From The Chambers Of Medicine And Physicians (May 31 - July 10) ( Memento from July 11, 2013 on WebCite ) , archived from the original ( MS Word ; 88 KB) on July 11, 2013 .
- ↑ AKP'den şok eden açıklama (German: Shocking message from the AKP) ( Memento from July 9, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Gerçek Gündem, July 8, 2013, archived from the original on July 9, 2013.
- ↑ İstanbul Barosu: Bu palaların arkasındaki güç iktidardır ( Memento from July 9, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Yurt , July 8, 2013, archived from the original on July 9, 2013.
- ↑ İstiklal'de 80 gözaltı var ( Eng .: 80 arrests on Independence Street ) ( Memento from July 9, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Gerçek Gündem, July 8, 2013, archived from the original on July 9, 2013.
- ↑ Gezi Direnişi ve sonrasında 101 kişi tutuklandı (German: Gezi resistance and then 101 people arrested) ( Memento from July 9, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Yurt , July 8, 2013, archived from the original on July 9, 2013.
- ↑ CHP'li Salıcı ile polis arasında gerginlik (German: disagreement between Salıcı and the police) ( Memento from July 9, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Hürriyet , July 9, 2013, by Uğur Alaattinoğlu, archived from the original on July 9, 2013.
- ↑ İTÜ'de 'karşılıklı' Gezi protestosu ( Memento from July 9, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Hürriyet , July 9, 2013, by Abdullah Yıldırım, archived from the original on July 9, 2013.
- ↑ İstiklal'de TOMA'lı iftar (English: Breaking the fast of Ramadan on Independence Street with water cannons) ( Memento from July 11, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Gerçek Gündem, July 9, 2013, archived from the original on July 11, 2013.
- ↑ a b Turkey - month of fasting in the shadow of the protests ( memento from July 11, 2013 on WebCite ) , Deutsche Welle, July 10, 2013, by Senada Sokollu, archived from the original on July 11, 2013.
- ↑ Turkey: Conspiracy theorist becomes Erdogan's chief advisor ( memento from July 10, 2013 on WebCite ) , Spiegel Online, July 10, 2013, archived from the original on July 10, 2013.
- ↑ a b c Turkey: riots claim fifth death ( memento from July 10, 2013 on WebCite ) , derStandard.at, July 10, 2013, archived from the original on July 10, 2013.
- ↑ Eskişehir Direnişi - Ali İsmail Korkmaz'ı Kaybettik ( Memento from July 10, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Bianet, from Beyza Kural, July 10, 2013, archived from the original on July 10, 2013.
- ↑ Gezi eylemleri: Ali İsmail Korkmaz hayatını kaybetti ( Memento from July 10, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). BBC Türkçe, July 10, 2013, archived from the original on July 10, 2013.
- ↑ Eskişehir'de saldırıya uğrayan direnişçi Ali İsmail Korkmaz yaşamını yitirdi ( Memento from July 10, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). BirGün, July 10, 2013, by Doğu Eroğlu, archived from the original on July 10, 2013.
- ↑ a b (Turkish). Sol, July 10, 2013, archived from the original ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on July 10, 2013.
- ↑ İstanbul ayakta: Ali İsmail için! Gözaltılar için! (Turkish). Sol, July 10, 2013, archived from the original ( memento of March 9, 2016 on the Internet Archive ) and on July 11, 2013 ( memento of July 11, 2013 on WebCite ).
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Court issues arrest warrant for machete attacker ( Memento from July 15, 2013 on WebCite ) (English). Today's Zaman, July 11, 2013, archived from the original on July 15, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d Protests in Istanbul - Turkish Democracy ( Memento from July 11, 2013 on WebCite ) , Berliner Zeitung, July 11, 2013, by Frank Nordhausen, archived from the original on July 11, 2013.
- ↑ a b Kennedy'de polis müdahalesi (German: Police operation on the Kennedy) ( Memento from July 11, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Gerçek Gündem, July 10, 2013, archived from the original on July 11, 2013.
- ↑ a b Fight for Gezi Park: Erdogan takes revenge on the defiant Chamber of Architects ( memento from July 10, 2013 on WebCite ) , Spiegel Online, July 10, 2013, archived from the original on July 10, 2013.
- ↑ a b NGO members march against government bill to sideline chambers in urban planning ( Memento from July 10, 2013 on WebCite ) (English). Hürriyet Daily News, July 10, 2013, archived from the original on July 10, 2013.
- ↑ EU's Fule criticizes recent detentions of Taksim Solidarity members ( Memento of 15 July 2013 Webcite ) (English). Today's Zaman, July 10, 2013, archived from the original on July 15, 2013.
- ↑ Acıyla dayanışma ( Memento from July 14, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Hürriyet, July 12, 2013, by Ramazan Çeliki, Ufuk Akruğ and Çağlar Öztürk, archived from the original on July 14, 2013.
- ↑ Ali'nin cenazesine asker de katıldı ( Memento from July 14, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). haber.ekolay, July 11, 2013, archived from the original on July 14, 2013.
- ↑ Macheted democracy in Turkey ( Memento of 13 July 2013 Webcite ) (English). Hürriyet Daily News, by Belgin Akaltan, July 13, 2013, archived from the original on July 13, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d e f Police denies role in missing footage of attack on Gezi protester ( Memento from July 13, 2013 on WebCite ) (English). Hürriyet Daily News, July 12, 2013, archived from the original on July 13, 2013.
- ↑ a b Evladını anan Hatay'a müdahale ( Memento from July 13, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Gerçek Gündem, July 11, 2013, archived from the original on July 13, 2013.
- ↑ a b c Machete attacker allegedly flees to Morocco to evade arrest ( Memento from July 15, 2013 on WebCite ) (English). Today's Zaman, July 12, 2013, archived from the original on July 15, 2013.
- ↑ a b c Machete attacker allegedly flees to Morocco to evade arrest ( Memento from July 15, 2013 on WebCite ) (English). Cihan, July 12, 2013, archived from the original on July 15, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d e f g Protests in Turkey - People injured again by police violence , die tageszeitung, July 14, 2013, by Jürgen Gottschlich, archived from the original on July 15, 2013.
- ↑ a b Ankara'da Gezi gerginliği , Hürriyet, on July 12, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d e f Police move on Antakya neighborhood for third straight night, one protester severely injured ( memento of 20 July 2013 Webcite ) (English). Hürriyet Daily News, July 13, 2013, archived from the original on July 20, 2013.
- ↑ Taksim'de polis müdahalesi ( Memento from July 14, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Gerçek Gündem, July 13, 2013, archived from the original on July 14, 2013.
- ↑ Ali İsmail'in Ölümünden hemen önce ( Memento from July 13, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Radikal, July 12, 2013, archived from the original on July 13, 2013.
- ↑ Footage shows assailants beating Gezi protesters with sticks ( Memento from July 13, 2013 on WebCite ). Hürriyet Daily News, July 12, 2013, archived from the original on July 13, 2013.
- ↑ Killing of Ali Ismail Korkmaz - Beating Scenes “Missing” in footage ( Memento from July 13, 2013 on WebCite ) (English). Bianet, July 12, 2013, from Beyza Kural, archived from the original on July 13, 2013.
- ↑ Cenk kadroya niye alınmadı? (German: Why wasn't Cenk included in the team?) (Turkish). Gerçek Gündem, July 13, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d e Protests against Erdogan - Turkish police use violence against demonstrators ( memento from July 14, 2013 on WebCite ) , Zeit Online, archived from the original on July 14, 2013.
- ↑ Antakya halkı sokağa aktı (Eng: The people of Antakya flocked to the street) ( Memento from July 14, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Gerçek Gündem, July 14, 2013, archived from the original on July 14, 2013.
- ↑ Antakya'da polisin içerisine gaz bombası atarak yaktığı evin fotoğrafları! (Turkish) haber.sol.org.tr of July 14, 2013.
- ↑ TT Arena'da 'Gezi' protestosu (German: Gezi-Protest in the TT Arena) ( Memento from July 14, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Gerçek Gündem, July 14, 2013, archived from the original on July 14, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d Istanbul - Protests and police attacks in Turkey ( memento from July 15, 2013 on WebCite ) , Badische Zeitung, July 15, 2013, by Gerd Höhler, archived from the original on July 15, 2013.
- ↑ Palalı saldırgan Sabri Çelebi Fas'ta ( Memento from July 14, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Hürriyet, July 13, 2013, from Çetin Aydın, archived from the original on July 14, 2013.
- ↑ a b Protests - Turkey: Police use force against demonstrators ( memento from July 14, 2013 on WebCite ) , Die Welt, July 14, 2013, archived from the original on July 14, 2013.
- ↑ a b Suspect in Gezi protester's death released ( Memento from July 15, 2013 on WebCite ) (English). Hürriyet Daily News, July 15, 2013, archived from the original on July 15, 2013.
- ↑ a b c Raids due to protests in Turkey: Police arrest left-wing students , German Turkish News, July 16, 2013, accessed on July 16, 2013.
- ↑ İstanbul'da 'Gezi' operasyonu: 30 gözaltı ( Memento from July 16, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Radical, July 16, 2013, by İsmail Sağıroğlu, archived from the original on July 16, 2013.
- ↑ Amnesty Report 2012 - Turkey , Amnesty International, undated, accessed July 16, 2013.
- ↑ Country Report Turkey December 2010 , Amnesty International, Turkey Coordination Group, December 2010, accessed on July 16, 2013.
- ↑ Antakya'daki Gezi anmasına müdahale ( Memento from July 20, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). CNN Türkçe, July 19, 2013, archived from the original on July 20, 2013.
- ↑ Antakya'da göstericilere polis müdahalesi ( Memento from July 20, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Haber7.com, July 19, 2013, archived from the original on July 20, 2013.
- ↑ Adliyede gözaltı protestosu ( Memento from July 20, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Gerçek Gündem, July 19, 2013, archived from the original on July 20, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d With water cannons against wedding celebrations ( Memento from July 22, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) , Tagesschau.de, July 21, 2013, archived from the original ( Memento from July 22, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) on July 21, 2013.
- ↑ a b c Polis halka su sıkıyor! (German: The police spray water on the people!) ( Memento from July 21, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Gerçek Gündem, July 20, 2013, archived from the original on July 21, 2013.
- ↑ Gezi Parkı'nda 'çapulcu düğünü'ne polis engeli ( Memento from July 21, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Radikal, July 20, 2013, archived from the original on July 21, 2013.
- ↑ a b c Protests in Turkey: Police blow up wedding in Gezi Park ( memento from July 21, 2013 on WebCite ) , Spiegel Online, July 20, 2013, archived from the original on July 21, 2013.
- ↑ a b Wedding in Gezi-Park prevented - the bride wore a protective helmet ( memento from July 22, 2013 on WebCite ) , the daily newspaper, July 21, 2013, by Jürgen Gottschlich, archived from the original on July 22, 2013.
- ↑ Police violence in Istanbul - Police blow up peaceful protest wedding in Gezi Park ( memento from July 21, 2013 on WebCite ) , Focus Online, July 20, 2013, archived from the original on July 21, 2013.
- ↑ a b Police seal off Istanbul's Gezi Park ahead of protester couple's wedding ( Memento from July 26, 2013 on WebCite ) (English). Hürriyet Daily News, July 20, 2013, archived from the original on July 26, 2013.
- ↑ Turkey: Court overturns construction freeze for Gezi-Park ( memento from July 22, 2013 on WebCite ) , Spiegel-OL, July 22, 2013, archived from the original on July 22, 2013.
- ↑ Turkish court gives go-ahead to demolish Gezi Park , rt.com of July 22, 2013.
- ↑ a b Turkey - Istanbul threatens further protests ( memento from July 24, 2013 on WebCite ) , Frankfurter Rundschau Online, by Frank Nordhausen, July 23, 2013, archived from the original July 25, 2013.
- ↑ Main opposition leader meets parents of killed Gezi protesters, vows justice ( Memento from July 27, 2013 on WebCite ) (English). Hürriyet Daily News, July 27, 2013, archived from the original on July 28, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d e 17 detained after fresh protest at Istanbul's Gezi Park ( Memento from July 30, 2013 on WebCite ) (English). Hürriyet Daily News, July 30, 2013, archived from the original on July 30, 2013.
- ↑ a b Police fire water cannon, tear gas to disperse demo for gas canister-hit teenager fighting for life ( Memento from August 5, 2013 on WebCite ) (English). Hürriyet Daily News, July 31, 2013, archived from the original on August 5, 2013.
- ↑ a b Taksim'de tüm gece müdahale ( Memento from August 5, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Gerçek Gündem, July 31, 2013, archived from the original on August 5, 2013.
- ↑ Berkin Elvan eylemine polis müdahalesi ( Memento from August 5, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Radical, July 31, 2013, archived from the original on August 5, 2013.
- ↑ Turkey: Police are again using tear gas against protests ( memento from August 1, 2013 on WebCite ) , ORF.at, July 31, 2013, archived from the original on August 1, 2013.
- ↑ Bir de idam etseydiniz bari! (Turkish). Gerçek Gündem on July 31, 2013.
- ↑ a b c Violent protests in Istanbul ( memento from August 5, 2013 on WebCite ) , Swiss Radio and Television, August 4, 2013, archived from the original on August 4, 2013.
- ↑ a b c Police close Gezi Park following call for gathering on social media and fire water cannon on small group ( Memento from August 4, 2013 on WebCite ) (English). Hürriyet Daily News, August 3, 2013, archived from the original on August 4, 2013.
- ↑ a b Protests in Istanbul - Ten people injured ( Memento from August 5, 2013 on WebCite ) , the daily newspaper, August 4, 2013, archived from the original on August 5, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d e Mis Sokak'ta sert müdahale: Kafede otururken vuruldu! ( Memento from August 3, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Radikal, August 3, 2013, archived from the original on August 4, 2013.
- ↑ a b c Protests - Turkish police use water cannons and irritant gas ( memento from August 5, 2013 on WebCite ) , Die Welt, August 4, 2013, archived from the original on August 5, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d e f g Scores detained as police take over Istanbul's Gezi Park ( Memento from August 5, 2013 on WebCite ) (English). Hürriyet Daily News, August 3, 2013, archived from the original on August 5, 2013.
- ^ Again water cannons at Gezi-Park ( memento from August 7, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) tagesschau.de on August 4, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Turkey - Massive Protests in Ankara ( Memento from September 15, 2013 on WebCite ) , Frankfurter Rundschau, September 9, 2013, by Frank Nordhausen, archived from the original on September 15, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Turkey protests - the opera house in Istanbul becomes an improvised military hospital ( memento from September 15, 2013 on WebCite ) , Die Welt, September 12, 2013, by Pavel Lokshin, archived from the original on September 13 , 2013 . September 2013.
- ↑ a b c d Ankara University - Turkish police use tear gas against students ( memento from September 15, 2013 on WebCite ) , Zeit Online, September 6, 2013, archived from the original on September 15, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d e f Student protests in Turkey: Police use batons ( memento from September 15, 2013 on WebCite ) , Spiegel Online, September 6, 2013, archived from the original on September 15, 2013.
- ↑ Turkish police use tear gas against students ( memento from September 15, 2013 on WebCite ) , ORF.at, September 6, 2013, archived from the original on September 15, 2013.
- ↑ a b c Turkey - Police prevent human chains at Gezi Park ( memento from September 15, 2013 on WebCite ) , Der Tagesspiegel, September 1, 2013, by Thomas Seibert, archived from the original on September 15, 2013.
- ↑ a b Turkey: Colorful stairs - protest in a completely different way , ShortNews.de, September 2, 2013, accessed on September 15, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Video footage shows 22-year-old die after falling from building in Antakya ( Memento from September 15, 2013 on WebCite ) , Today's Zaman, September 10, 2013, archived from the original on September 15th.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h (Title of the same URL in the previous version: "Turkey: Death of demonstrator sparked new protests"), heute.de, September 10, 2013, archived from the original ( Memento from September 15, 2013 on WebCite ) on September 15, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d Young demonstrator dies of cerebral hemorrhage ( memento from September 15, 2013 on WebCite ) , Süddeutsche.de, September 10, 2013, archived from the original on September 15, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d e After the death of a young demonstrator - New protests in Turkey ( memento from September 15, 2013 on WebCite ) , the daily newspaper, September 11, 2013, archived from the original on September 15, 2013.
- ↑ a b Police operations - violence is becoming routine in Turkey ( memento from September 15, 2013 on WebCite ) , Zeit Online, September 11, 2013, by Mely Kiyak, archived from the original on September 15, 2013.
- ↑ Police close Istanbul Gezi Park ahead of support demo for ODTÜ ( Memento from September 15, 2013 on WebCite ) (English). Hürriyet Daily News, September 6, 2013, archived from the original on September 15, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d e Istanbul - New clashes between police and demonstrators ( memento from September 15, 2013 on WebCite ) , Süddeutsche.de, September 9, 2013, archived from the original on September 15, 2013.
- ↑ Despite all protests - Controversial alcohol law comes into force in Turkey ( memento from September 15, 2013 on WebCite ) , Focus Online, September 9, 2013, archived from the original on September 15, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d e f g Protests in Turkey: Police use force against demonstrators ( memento from September 15, 2013 on WebCite ) , Spiegel Online, September 10, 2013, archived from the original on September 15, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d e Turkey - Several people injured in a street battle in Istanbul ( memento from September 15, 2013 on WebCite ) , Die Welt, September 9, 2013, archived from the original on September 15, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h 22-year-old protester dies in demo in southern Turkey ( Memento from September 15, 2013 on WebCite ) (English). Hürriyet Daily News, September 10, 2013, archived from the original on September 15, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d e Gezi Park - Young man dies during police operation in Turkey ( memento from September 15, 2013 on WebCite ) , Zeit Online, September 10, 2013, archived from the original on September 15, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d e f Fell off the roof? - Death of a demonstrator fuels protests in Turkey ( memento September 15, 2013 on WebCite ) , Focus Online, September 11, 2013, archived from the original on September 15, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Protests in Turkey - police violence creates police violence ( memento from September 15, 2013 on WebCite ) , Süddeutsche.de, September 11, 2013, by Martin Anetzberger, archived from the original on September 15 , 2013 . September 2013.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Protests in Turkey: Ankara denies responsibility for protester's death ( memento from September 15, 2013 on WebCite ) , Spiegel Online, September 11, 2013, archived from the original on September 15, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d e f Turkey - police use tear gas in shopping mile ( memento from September 15, 2013 on WebCite ) , Zeit Online, September 10, 2013, archived from the original on September 15, 2013.
- ↑ Protests in Turkey: 22-year-old protester killed by tear gas cartridge ( memento from September 15, 2013 on WebCite ) , Spiegel Online, September 10, 2013, archived from the original on September 15, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d Violent protests in Turkey - after the death of a demonstrator - police in Istanbul use tear gas and water cannons again ( memento from September 16, 2013 on WebCite ) , derStandard.at, September 13, 2013, archived from the original on 16 . September 2013.
- ↑ Turkey - protests flare up again ( memento from September 16, 2013 on WebCite ) , Deutsche Welle, September 11, 2013, by Thomas Seibert, archived from the original on September 16, 2013.
- ↑ a b c Again violence during protests in Istanbul - police used tear gas and water cannons ( memento from September 16, 2013 on WebCite ) , Neues Deutschland, September 13, 2013, archived from the original on September 16, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d e f New clashes in Turkey - police use water cannons and tear gas again - reports of attacks on journalists ( memento from September 16, 2013 on WebCite ) , derStandard.at, September 12, 2013, archived from the original on September 12th, 2013.
- ↑ a b Protests in Turkey flare up again ( memento from September 15, 2013 on WebCite ) , Wiener Zeitung, September 12, 2013, archived from the original on September 15, 2013.
- ↑ a b After the death of a young demonstrator - New violence during protests in Turkey ( Memento from September 14, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) , tagesschau.de, September 13, 2013, archived from the original ( Memento from September 14, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) on September 16, 2013.
- ↑ Turkey - Again violent protests in Turkey ( memento from September 15, 2013 on WebCite ) , Zeit Online, September 13, 2013, archived from the original on September 13, 2013.
- ^ A b Again riots during protests in Turkey , welt.de September 13, 2013.
- ↑ a b c Protests escalate in Turkey - police use force against demonstrators ( memento from September 16, 2013 on WebCite ) , Focus Online, September 16, 2013, archived from the original on September 16, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d e f Protests in Turkey: Istanbul's police use force against concert-goers ( memento from September 16, 2013 on WebCite ) , Spiegel Online, September 16, 2013, archived from the original on September 16, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d Protests in Turkey - Again violence against demonstrators ( memento from September 16, 2013 on WebCite ) , Süddeutsche.de, September 16, 2013, archived from the original on September 16, 2013.
- ↑ a b Police took action against demonstrators in Istanbul .
- ↑ Turkey Protests - Riots in Ankara ( Memento from September 20, 2013 on WebCite ) , Frankfurter Rundschau, September 20, 2013, archived from the original on September 20, 2013.
- ↑ Turkey - Riots in Ankara during student demo ( memento from September 20, 2013 on WebCite ) , Die Welt, September 20, 2013, archived from the original on September 20, 2013.
- ↑ a b Turkey: Rocket attack on police headquarters in Ankara ( Memento from September 21, 2013 on WebCite ) , Spiegel Online, September 21, 2013, archived from the original on September 21, 2013.
- ↑ Michele Heisle, Vincent Iacopino, DeDe Dunevant & Eliza B. Young: Contempt for Freedom: State Use of Tear Gas as a Weapon and Attacks on Medical Personnel in Turkey ( Memento from September 28, 2013 on WebCite ) (English; PDF). Physicians for Human Rights (PHR), September 2013, p. 12f, ISBN 1-879707-75-6 , archived from the original (PDF; 1.0 MB) on September 29, 2013.
- ↑ İnsan Hakları Savunucusu Doktorlar örgütünden çok sert Gezi raporu ( Memento from September 29, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Hürriyet, September 26, 2013, by Tolga Tanış, archived from the original on September 29, 2013.
- ↑ İnsan Hakları Savunucusu Hekimler: Türkiye'de beaver Gazi Yasaklanmalı ( Memento of 29 September 2013 Webcite ) (Turkish). Türk Tabipleri Birliği, September 26, 2013, archived from the original on September 29, 2013.
- ↑ PHR Documents Unlawful Use of Force and Tear Gas and Attacks on Medical Community in Turkey ( Memento of 29 September 2013 Webcite ) (English). Physicians for Human Rights (PHR), press release, September 25, 2013, archived from the original on September 29, 2013.
- ↑ Contempt for Freedom - State Use of Tear Gas as a Weapon and Attacks on Medical Personnel in Turkey ( Memento of 29 September 2013 Webcite ) (English). Physicians for Human Rights (PHR), by DeDe Dunevant, Eliza B. Young, Michele Heisler and Vincent Iacopino, September 2013, archived from the original on September 29, 2013; with a link to the Executive Summary ( memento from September 29, 2013 on WebCite ) (PDF), archived from the original (PDF; 214 kB) on September 29, 2013.
- ↑ Arrests at a new protest on Istanbul's Taksim Square ( memento from September 29, 2013 on WebCite ) , derStandard.at, September 29, 2013, archived from the original on September 29, 2013.
- ↑ a b Protests in Turkey - 13 arrests in Taksim Square ( memento from September 29, 2013 on WebCite ) , the daily newspaper, September 29, 2013, archived from the original on September 29, 2013.
- ↑ a b c Turkey - arrests during protests in Istanbul ( memento from September 30, 2013 on WebCite ) , Zeit Online, September 29, 2013, archived from the original on September 30, 2013.
- ↑ Amnesty International calls for the suspension of tear gas shipments to Turkey ( Memento from September 30, 2013 on WebCite ) (English). Hürriyet Daily News, September 13, 2013, archived from the original on September 30, 2013.
- ↑ a b c Turkey to produce local tear gas out of fears of international embargo ( Memento from September 30, 2013 on WebCite ) (English). Hürriyet Daily News, September 29, 2013, archived from the original on September 30, 2013.
- ↑ 'Milli'si geliyor ( Memento from September 29, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Hürriyet, September 29, 2013, by Fevzi Kızılkoyun, archived from the original on September 29, 2013.
- ↑ Protest against deforestation in Ankara resolved by force ( memento from October 19, 2013 on WebCite ) , derStandard.at, October 19, 2013, archived from the original on October 19, 2013.
- ↑ Protests in Turkey: Police use water cannons against demonstrators ( memento from October 23, 2013 on WebCite ) , Spiegel Online, October 22, 2013, archived from the original on October 23, 2013.
- ↑ Official Gezi Party founded after summer protests ( Memento from October 25, 2013 on WebCite ) (English). Hürriyet Daily News, October 24, 2013, archived from the original on October 25, 2013.
- ↑ Lessons learned from the Gezi Park protests: Protesters found their own party , German Turkish News, October 25, 2013, accessed on October 25, 2013.
- ↑ a b c Turkish police use tear gas to break up the demonstration in Ankara ( memento from October 28, 2013 on WebCite ) , Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung, October 27, 2013, archived from the original on October 28, 2013.
- ↑ Protest against road construction project: Ankara's police use tear gas against students ( memento from October 27, 2013 on WebCite ) , Spiegel Online, October 26, 2013, archived from the original on October 27, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d Protests in Turkey: Police use tear gas against demonstrators ( memento from October 29, 2013 on WebCite ) , Spiegel Online, October 28, 2013, archived from the original on October 29, 2013.
- ↑ Turkish police use tear gas against demonstrators ( memento from October 29, 2013 on WebCite ) , Reuters Germany, October 28, 2013, archived from the original on October 29, 2013.
- ^ Street battle in Ankara ( memento from October 29, 2013 on WebCite ) , TLZ.de, archived from the original on October 28, 2013.
- ↑ a b Trial of police officers: In Ankara the protest ends in violence ( memento from October 29, 2013 on WebCite ) , euronews, October 28, 2013, archived from the original on October 28, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d Protests on the Turkish National Day: The Split Republic ( memento from October 30, 2013 on WebCite ) , Spiegel Online, October 29, 2013, by Hasnain Kazim, archived from the original on October 30, 2013.
- ↑ a b c Police fire tear gas at protest for comatose 14-year-old Gezi victim ( Memento from November 17, 2013 on WebCite ) (English). Hürriyet Daily News, November 16, 2013, archived from the original on November 18, 2013.
- ↑ Berkin Elvan protestosuna müdahale ( memento from November 18, 2013 on WebCite ) (Turkish). Hürriyet, November 16, 2013, by Eyüp Serbest and Selahattin Günday, archived from the original on November 18, 2013.
- ↑ a b Protests during the trial of the death of a 19-year-old Erdogan opponent ( memento from November 22, 2013 on WebCite ) , derStandard.at, November 21, 2013, archived from the original on November 22, 2013.
- ↑ a b Police intervenes in protests at killed Gezi protester case ( Memento from November 22, 2013 on WebCite ) (English). Hürriyet Daily News, November 21, 2013, archived from the original on November 22, 2013.
