Graveson

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Graveson
Gravesoun
Graveson Coat of Arms
Graveson (France)
Graveson
region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur
Department Bouches-du-Rhône
Arrondissement Arles
Canton Châteaurenard
Community association Terre de Provence
Coordinates 43 ° 51 ′  N , 4 ° 46 ′  E Coordinates: 43 ° 51 ′  N , 4 ° 46 ′  E
height 8-143 m
surface 23.54 km 2
Residents 4,864 (January 1, 2017)
Population density 207 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code 13690
INSEE code 13045
Website www.graveson-provence.fr

Entrance board in Graveson

Graveson ( Provence Gravesoun ) is a municipality with 4864 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the north of the department Bouches-du-Rhône in the southern French region of Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur . It belongs to the Arrondissement of Arles and the canton of Châteaurenard .

The place is located between Arles and Avignon directly on the Montagnette range of hills . Its center is a small avenue , the Cours National . There is the Mairie (town hall). The Catholic Church Nativité-de-Marie is in the immediate vicinity . Graveson is known as the place of artists and was the adopted home of the painter Auguste Chabaud . The Chabaud Museum, which opened in 1992, is located on the Cours National . Graveson also owns a bullring . Many popular festivals are held every year, the most important of which is the Saint-Éloi festival . The Abbey of Saint-Michel-de-Frigolet is in the immediate vicinity, but in the area of ​​the municipality of Tarascon . The ancient La Roque site is located north of the town center . Until the early 19th century, Graveson was surrounded by city walls. Only then could the place grow to its present size.

geography

location

Graveson (Bouches-du-Rhône)
Graveson
Graveson
Graveson in the Bouches-du-Rhône department
Mairie in Graveson
The Montagnette

Graveson is located in the north of the Bouches-du-Rhône department between the cities of Arles and Avignon , at the foot of the La Montagnette massif , in the valley between the Montagnette and the Alpilles . The Durance flows into the Rhone nearby . The Alpilles Regional Nature Park is seven kilometers away .

The municipality is located thirteen kilometers south of Avignon, ten kilometers north of Saint-Rémy-de-Provence , ten kilometers east of Tarascon and eight kilometers west of Châteaurenard . Arles , sub-prefecture of the arrondissement, is 24 kilometers and Marseille 80 kilometers from Graveson.

Graveson borders on Rognonas to the north, Châteaurenard and Eyragues to the east, Maillane to the southeast, Saint-Étienne-du-Grès to the south, Tarascon to the southwest and Barbentane to the northwest .

structure

The center of the community is the Cours National , an elongated square that is divided into two halves by a double row of plane trees and on one side by a canal. The village has grown around its historical center.

A large, hardly populated area in the north of the municipality is occupied by the Montagnette. The municipality is traversed by two canalised streams: in the north, near the Montagnette, from the Roubine des Lonnes , which flows to the hamlet of Le Breuil in the extreme southwest of the municipality; shortly before that, the Roubine des Lonnes crosses the Canal des Alpines , which flows through the south of the municipality.

Natural disasters

In the recent past, Graveson has suffered several extreme weather conditions. From November 6 to 10, 1982, there were storms lasting several days with strong gusts . On September 8 and 9, 2002, the region was flooded when the rivers overflowed. Only a little later, on December 1 and 2, 2003, this was the case again. On September 7th and 8th 2010 there were again floods.

In December 2003, 65 municipalities, including 17 in the Bouches-du-Rhône department, were flooded on the Rhône downstream from Lyon . The disaster began on December 1st and peaked the following day. The Durance also burst its banks. Near Avignon, the area around the Rhône was up to two meters under water. In Barbentane, at the confluence of the Durance and Rhône rivers, floods occurred for other reasons: river formation, overflow of sewer systems and poor soil absorption capacity. This also applied to Graveson. Much of the sewerage system failed and moats overflowed. In September 2010 there were again floods. The D970 from Graveson to Tarascon was temporarily closed. There was damage and, especially in vegetable growing , crop losses.

climate

Graveson has a Mediterranean climate with a warm summer.

Climate data Jan. February March Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Mean maximum temperature 7th 10 14th 18th 22nd 26th 29 28 24 18th 12 8th
Medium low temperature 1 1 4th 6th 10 14th 16 16 13 9 5 2
Rainydays 10 8th 9 9 10 8th 5 8th 8th 10 11 12
Precipitation amount in mm 54 43 32 38 52 50 55 62 51 49 50 49
Hours of sunshine daily 4th 5 6th 8th 9 10 11 10 8th 6th 4th 3

history

First settlement and necropolis

The oldest traces of settlement in the Graveson area date from the late Hallstatt period (6th century BC). At the La Roque site , three kilometers north of Graveson in the direction of Barbentane , coins, ceramics and kitchen utensils, but above all the remains of adobe buildings , were found in an area of ​​ten hectares . Inside the necropolis there was a temple , a workshop and a cemetery. The settlement was on a hill directly on the Montagnette . Between 525 and 475 BC The settlement was surrounded by a wall. Traces of animal sacrifices were also found on the modest temple, which was in use until Roman times. These were possibly the Celtic god Belenus . In addition to the Celtic influences, Greek and from the late 4th century BC also came mainly via Marseille . BC also Roman in the region. This city called in 125 BC. BC the Romans for help against a coalition of the Celtic Vocontier, Ligurian , Salluvian and Allobroger into the country.

Roman rule, desolation

The Romans defeated the coalition (125–121 BC) and occupied the country. This was the beginning of the Romanization, against which there was resistance for decades. Only with the establishment of colonies after the conquest of Gaul by Caesar did Celtic institutions gradually disappear; In the 1st century AD the region was romanised, under Augustus the province was no longer the location of the legions. Provence remained Roman until the mid-470s when the Visigoths conquered the city of Arles. The settlement, La Roque , was plundered and destroyed by the Visigoths during the Great Migration . The Ostrogoth king Theodoric recaptured the region in 508 and re-established the Gallic prefecture in Arles in 510. It was not until 536/537 that Provence finally fell to the Franks.

Not only coins and ceramics date from Roman times, but also remains of roads that initially connected different oppida with each other. This includes in particular the Via Agrippa , which connected the Roman Arelate ( Arles ) with Lugdunum (Lyon). In 1793, a white marble cippus was discovered as part of a 1st century tomb; the inscription names a Caius Otacilius Oppianus, son of a Caius. In late antiquity, the rural areas were dominated by the economic and ruling system of the villae , the central, mostly larger country houses of the provincial Roman ruling class, which, as the Roman central power lost its influence, also controlled local society and took over the jurisdiction . The ongoing wars led to a sharp decline in the population as early as the 4th century, but especially from the early 5th century, which resulted in numerous devastations. At the same time, it was possible to build up a church organization in the form of dioceses, which in the 4th century at the latest also promoted Christianization in the village area. Since the dioceses were oriented towards Rome, they were opposed to the Goths, who were Arians .

In the early Middle Ages, shortly before the previous settlement of Graveson was also abandoned, a cemetery was built at the Saint-André-de-Bagalance chapel below La Roque . 26 graves were found there. It was rediscovered in the 18th century when a rampart, a tower (6th century BC) and a cistern were discovered.

Revival from the 9th century

The name Graveson first appeared in the Chartes du Pays d'Avignon in the 9th century . The feudal top of society was mainly recruited from Burgundian families. The walls were built on older ruins and ran orthogonally so that all corners were at right angles. There were square or round watchtowers. The 1.80 meter thick and eight meter high walls, which were surrounded by a road with trenches in between, were of crucial importance for the defense. They didn't disappear until the early 19th century. The castle, of which only the north wall remains, was an important base for the Counts of Provence . The main gate (Grand Portail) , which today houses part of the tourist information center, was originally the entrance to the western part of the village.

Development to seigneurism

In the 12th century, the Archbishops of Arles and Avignon shared the rights and income of the parish. The village church was then called Notre Dame de Grâce . After the Counts of Provence ceded land to Montmajour Abbey in the 11th century , the community was led by a curator . The church, which was built before the 11th century, is still in its original location after numerous renovations. On April 23, 1040 Comte Bertrand ceded his share of the lordship over Graveson to the Abbey of Montmajour. Until the 15th century, Montmajour Abbey shared control of Graveson with various co-rulers, for example Guillaume de Graveson in the 13th century . On August 24, 1215 he was appointed a notary by the consuls of Arles. After Guillaume, the rule passed to François Francisque . 1304 was Bérenger Gantelmi , Seneschal of Provence, Seigneur von Graveson. From 1351, the abbey shared rulership with Rostaing Gantelmi ; the dual power between the abbey and secular rulers remained until the end of the 15th century. In 1403 the Archbishop of Marseilles , Guillaume-le-Tort , obtained the title of ruler of Graveson. After his death, Graveson returned to the Crown.

Graveson and Comtat Venaissin around 1620 (map excerpt).

In the 15th century Gabriel de Valori (1412-1469) owned lands in Graveson. In 1433 Gabriel, who wanted to assist René I in the Battle of Naples, sold his lands in Marignane , Château-Renard (now Châteaurenard), Eyragues , Graveson and Rognac .

When the Château de Puyricard near Aix-en-Provence was sold , the Robin family came into the possession of the Seigneurie Graveson in 1477 . Their rule lasted until the 17th century. Pierre de Robin († 1481) was an advisor and doctor to King René and Count of Provence. He passed the property on to his son Étienne , whose son of the same name Étienne later took over the Seigneurie Graveson. Étienne inherited it in turn to his son Antoine , who passed it on to his son Gui de Robin . Gui, who resided in Uzès , eventually bequeathed Graveson to his son Jacques de Robin . This was the sixth and last Seigneur Gravesons of the Robin family.

Religious disputes began in the 1430s and finally led in 1501 to King Ludwig XII. arranged for all Jews to be expelled from Provence. In 1591 the Huguenots besieged the village during the Wars of Religion . It was looted and destroyed. Henri I. de Montmorency had previously conquered the place after eight days of siege. The wars ended with the Edict of Nantes , but it was revoked in 1685.

The property passed from the Robin family to Louis II of Bourbon , who visited Barbentane Castle in 1680.

Antoine Amat (1625–1690) founded the de Graveson branch of the Amat family. He received 1662 lands in Graveson. Its status was recognized by the Court of Auditors of Provence in 1663. His descendant Ignace Amat († 1721) was Seigneur and Marquis of Graveson and Magistrate of Arles.

Overall, Provence was considered one of the poorest and most sparsely populated regions of France in the Ancien Régime . Like most places, Graveson was more self-sufficient than trading in agricultural produce; Taxes and services to the nobility worked in the same direction. The place was still in one of the two comparatively prosperous and well-developed regions in Provence - the second was the area around Marseille - where around half of the total population lived. Below the Arles, however, a malaria-infested swamp began, so that the coastal cities had little contact with the hinterland. At the same time, the royal fiscal regulations were tightened at the expense of the local landlords, and the rural residents were increasingly burdened by the royal waistline . All the landlords received taxes according to the size of the grain fields, the vineyards and the olive groves. Depending on the needs and the village, the taxes fluctuated considerably, at the same time the nobility used their right of first refusal on lands within their dominion.

Margraviate 1718

In August 1718 the Seigneurie Graveson was merged with the lordship Tourade and increased to margraviate . The ruler at the time was Jacques de Clemens .

Since the 18th century, Graveson experienced a demographic boom. After the demolition of the militarily long obsolete city wall, Graveson, which had previously only been able to expand beyond the boundaries of its old city wall in the direction of the two hamlets of Lamanon and Vieux Marseille in the east, was able to grow into the surrounding area from the early 19th century. The internal conflicts that broke out during the French Revolution are likely to have played a significant role in Graveson as well. There the two notaires responsible for village administration fought over grazing rights. Behind this were conflicts between the poor peasants and the leading stratum of rural society, which was in league with the seigneurs.

French Revolution

During the French Revolution , the feudal structures dominated by the clergy and nobility were dissolved and property was privatized. In many cases it passed to the rising middle class. The administration was reformed in 1790 and the current units such as the départements and the municipalities in their current form were created. At that time the village was characterized by demographic and economic growth. Most of the land was suitable for agricultural use and irrigation, which led to the growth of agriculture. However, during the revolutionary years, gangs from Marseilles ravaged several villages, including Graveson and the neighboring village of Barbentane. Fatal attacks among civilians occurred in some villages, including Graveson and Barbentane. François Laugier (27 years old), Jacques , Louis and Pierre Fontaine were convicted of "counterrevolutionary crimes". Joseph Raoulx , a seigneur born in Graveson in 1738, was initially able to stay there during the revolution. He had to flee in 1792, but was caught in 1793. In 1794 he was sentenced to death and - together with his younger brother - executed.

The formerly independent fiefdom Le Breuil has belonged to the municipality of Graveson since 1790. At the time of the Revolution, Graveson also broke out over pasture justice . The Raoulx family , which had ruled until then, had used their position of rulers in their favor.

The Cours National in the center of the village was built in the early 19th century after the city wall was torn down, some of the remains of which can still be seen. Otherwise little changed in the way the houses were built.

The decline of agriculture, the war of 1870/71, attempts at industrialization

With the connection to the railway network in 1847, the farmers were increasingly able to market their products. Above all, this included wine. The phylloxera , brought in from vines of the east coast of America to Britain in 1863 to southern France, but destroyed in the years from 1864 and 1865 harvests in the Rhone valley, 1866, she also appeared in Graveson. As in all of France, the winemakers suffered massive losses from the harvest until 1885. In 1924, the winegrowers merged to form the Magali wine cooperative .

During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71, a military camp was set up in the municipality of Graveson. It was named Camp des Alpines . Alpines is an old name for the nearby mountain range of the Alpilles . The soldiers stationed there disparagingly called the camp Camp de la crevaison (German for 'camp des Verreckens').

The decline in agriculture was offset by the first industrialization in the mid-1880s. The Weber card was used in factories to roughen the surface of woolen fabrics without destroying them. The still strongly agricultural village economy later became more competitive again through the construction of roads and railways, modernized agriculture with improved irrigation systems and daily markets.

World wars

During the First World War, there was a camp for prisoners of war near Graveson.

Flag of the 5th Jägerregiment, which moved into the village at the end of the war

After four years under German occupation, 880 Allied ocean-going ships and around 5000 aircraft began landing between Toulon and Cannes on August 15, 1944 ( Operation Dragoon ); Provence was liberated 25 days later. On August 26, 1944, the places Graveson and Maillane were occupied by Allied troops. On that day the 5th Regiment of the Chasseurs d'Afrique entered Graveson. The crossing of the Rhône began just one day later (August 27-28).

After 1945

In the post-war period agriculture was able to offer fewer and fewer villagers jobs. The number of jobs within Graveson was also too low, so that at the beginning of the 21st century around three quarters of employees had to commute. The population almost doubled from 1962 to the present day. In 1962 the community still had 2035 inhabitants, the number has more than doubled since then (see below). In 2010, the Pôle du Sagnon industrial park was opened, with the aim of creating more jobs in the town. Politically, the place is now dominated by conservative and nationalist parties.

Place name

After the first mention of the place in the Chartes du Pays d'Avignon in the 9th century, Graveson was mentioned in the 11th century as Castrum Gravisonis or Gravisonis . According to Ernest Nègres' Toponymie générale de la France , the name is derived from the Celtic word grava and the suffix ationem . Grava stands for gravel . Graveson used to have sand and gravel pits. On a map from 1580 the place is called Gravesons , on another map from 1620 it is shown as Gravezon . In 1793 the community was initially called Gravaison . It has officially been given its current name since 1801.

Legends and stories

Letters from the mill

Alphonse Daudet , who chose Provence as his adopted home, wrote in his work Letters from the Mill (in relation to the Alphonse Daudet Mill in Fontvielle named after him ) about a pastor of Graveson, among others. He tells how he poured him a special liqueur, which is now called "Liqueur of Frigolet ". Its thirty ingredients are kept secret.

The former residence

The former residence of the Lords of Graveson from 1580 was converted into a hotel in 1799, where Napoleon Bonaparte , Pablo Picasso and Salvador Dalí stayed.

Demographics

Population development

year 1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2006 2017
Residents 2035 2024 2134 2276 2752 3185 3570 4864

In 1793, Graveson had 1,600 inhabitants. Despite the economic boom, the number of inhabitants fell slightly to 1,447 by 1841. From then on it rose over the next twenty years to 1724 in 1861. From 1832 on, southern France was also caught by cholera via Spain ; in August 1854 the intestinal disease in the neighboring parish of Maillane assumed epidemic proportions. During this period, Graveson experienced a population decline to 1570 inhabitants in 1881. In the period that followed, the population rose steadily, and the two world wars had hardly any major impact on population development. In 1962 the community had 2035 inhabitants. The population has been rising more rapidly for a few years, so that in the years after 2010 it exceeded 4,000 residents.

Population structure and dwellings

Of the 3836 residents in 2008, 1906 ( 49.7% ) were male and 1930 ( 50.3% ) were female. 1015 ( 26.5% ) residents were 19 years old or younger, 509 ( 13.3% ) were 65 years old or older. In 2008 there were 110 foreign nationals living in Graveson. They make up 2.9% of the total population, which is both below the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur average ( 6.3% ) and the French average ( 5.8% ).

In 2008 there were 1702 houses and apartments (1968: 733). Of these, 1,523 ( 89.5% ) were households used as primary homes, 60 were second homes ( 3.5% ) and 118 ( 6.9% ) were vacant. A large proportion of households ( 41.1% ) had five or more rooms. 1.9% of households only had one room. 424 ( 31.7% ) apartments and households were built before 1949. 47.6% of all houses and apartments have been inhabited by their current owners for at least ten years.

Education, living and income standards

In 2008, 23.7% of Graveson's no longer educated population aged 15 and over had an advanced level of education and 10.2% had an academic education . This is slightly worse than the average for the Bouches-du-Rhône department, where 13.9% are academics. On the other hand , less than 18% had no qualifications at all, in contrast to 21.4% in the department .

Over the same period, 8.2% of Graveson residents over the age of 15 had an upper-level intellectual job ( 8.5% in Bouches-du-Rhône), 14.9% were medium-sized professions and 20.3% were salaried employees. 12.4% were blue-collar workers (compared to 10.5% in Bouches-du-Rhône). 2.8% were self-employed. Compared to 1999, there has been an increase in the proportion of the population in upper-class professions. At the same time, the proportion of retirees rose from 19.8% in 1999 to 22.6% in 2008. Only 55 people were employed as farmers, less than half as many as in 1999.

Of the 2,148 households in Graveson, 1,126 were taxable in 2008, which is 52.4% and the French average 53.4% . The taxable net household income was € 22,078 , compared to just under € 18,700 in the national average. The median household income for tax purposes was € 17,936 in 2009 , placing Graveson in 13,877th place among the 36,682 French municipalities.

Politics and administration

During the French Revolution (1789–1799) Graveson received the status of a municipality in 1793 and was chief lieu ( capital ) of a canton . It belonged to the Arrondissement of Tarascon . In 1801 Graveson got the right to local self-government under its current name and was incorporated into the canton of Châteaurenard.

The Mairie , the town hall, is located on the Cours National , the central village square.

Furthermore, Graveson belongs to the Terre de Provence , which was founded in 1996 and to which nine other municipalities belong. The headquarters of the Communauté located in Eyragues and its president is the mayor, Michel Pécout. At the level of the Communauté waste management, social housing, construction and maintenance of roads and the operation of cultural and sporting facilities are organized.

Political tendencies

Graveson's political life is conservative or right-wing nationalist . In the parliamentary elections of 2007 , the Divers droite candidate was just behind the conservative UMP candidate in the first ballot , but was able to determine the second ballot with 60% . In 2002, the UMP candidate was elected in the second ballot with 61% ahead of the socialist Hervé Chérubini. In the 2007 presidential election, Nicolas Sarkozy received 67% of the vote in the second ballot, while he won 35% of the vote in the first ballot (compared to 19% for Ségolène Royal ). In 2002 Jean-Marie Le Pen had achieved 30% , Jacques Chirac 13% , and Lionel Jospin 10% . In the 2012 presidential election , the right-wing camp was able to expand its dominance. 33% voted for the right-wing extremist Marine Le Pen , 29% for Sarkozy ( 64% in the second ballot) and only 17% (second ballot: 36% ) for the later left-wing President François Hollande .

The right-wing extremist Front National usually achieved a high percentage of votes in Graveson. In the national regional elections in 2010 (voter turnout in Graveson: 50.1% ), the FN came in at 27.8% (nationally 11.4% ) and became the strongest party. In the second round, the party against the left parties and the conservatives came in at 30.1% . The left-wing alliance won the elections in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur and, surprisingly, was able to win in Graveson with 40.0% of the vote. In the 2004 cantonal elections, the UMP candidate received around 48% of the votes, which means that the General Council was occupied by the Conservatives.

The residents of Graveson voted 64% no in the referendum on the European Constitution in 2005 . 63% had rejected the Maastricht Treaty in 1992 . In the 2009 European elections , the UMP- Nouveau Center list received 30.7% of the vote, compared with 17.4% for the Front National and 13.9% for Europe Écologie . The 2014 European elections brought the right-wing extremist FN major gains with 47.5% of the vote, while the UMP came in second despite only 18.0%.

Budget and taxes

The municipal budget for 2009 was € 7,873,000 . Of this, 4.1 million were intended for current expenditure and 3.7 million for investments. 37.38% of current expenses were spent on staff. € 249,000 went as subsidies to local clubs. 1.51 million of the revenues are financed by local taxes. The municipality levies a housing tax of 18.15% (compared to a French average of 13.3% ), a property tax for developed land of 19.19% (French average of 18.88% ) and a property tax for undeveloped land of 39, 98% (French average 51.58% ). The municipal debt reached 7,852,000 euros in 2009 , which corresponds to a per capita debt of 2,973 euros .

coat of arms

Graveson Coat of Arms
 Description of the coat of arms : On red a silver Lorraine cross and three gold dots in the arrangement 2; 1.

The Polish King and Duke of Lorraine , Stanislaus I (1677–1766), owned a hunting ground near Graveson. That is why the Lorraine cross is the main part of the municipality's coat of arms.

Graveson flag in red and yellow, e.g. B. at festivals so hang red and yellow flags in the village.

Town twinning

Since 1972, Graveson has been twinning with Thônex ( Canton Geneva ) in Switzerland .

In June 1972 the staunch European Louis Ollietti became President of the Thônex City Council for a period of one year. Together with two friends, he considered the plan to set up a town twinning with a French community. The choice fell on Graveson. As early as June 3, 1972, the then mayor of Thônex, Edmond Desjacques , was able to read out the answer from his colleague from Graveson, who shared the wish for a town twinning, at the municipal council meeting. Thereupon the municipal council in Switzerland accepted the town twinning in principle without dissenting votes, with one abstention. On November 14, 1972, both councilors accepted the partnership agreement on the same day. Mayors Raoul Bonjean (Graveson) and John Pradervand (Thônex) jointly inaugurated Place de Graveson ("Graveson Square") in Thônex on April 28, 1979 . There is a fountain on which the coats of arms of both communities are depicted. On September 5, 1982, the return visit and the inauguration of Place de Thônex in Graveson, with a stele, where the coats of arms of both communities are also depicted. Since 1973 there have been regular exchanges of various kinds between the two communities.

Culture and sights

The center of the village is the Cours National with the small La Roubine canal and an avenue of plane trees.

Buildings

Graveson, Le Grand Portail

The Grand Portail provides access to the former town center . It is the preserved gate of the former city fortifications and dates from the 14th century. There are soldiers on it for defense. In the passage of the portal there is an old well on the right. The city gate was closed on the inside with a portcullis that has not been preserved. You can climb up to the old city wall at the city gate via a staircase, which is missing a few steps.

Church of the Birth of Mary

Inside the former walls is the Romanesque Church of the Birth of the Virgin (Nativité-de-Marie) : It was built before the 11th century. Since then it has been rebuilt many times, and in 2001 it was renovated. It contains many paintings from the 17th and 18th centuries. In 1847 and 1848, after the castle was destroyed during the French Revolution, it was expanded and became one of the largest churches in the department. The Romanesque nave from the 12th century and its Gothic aisles disappeared as a result of the renovation . The two apsidal chapels and the choir have been preserved. The bell tower collapsed during the Lambesc quake in 1909. The church contains several historical monuments : a statue of St. Joseph with Jesus as a child, a statue of St. Sebastian (both from the 17th century), the statue of an apostle from the 15th century and a statue of Nicholas with three children ( 17th century) . Century). The choir is also protected as a monument historique by decree of November 2, 1926 . Until the end of the 17th century, Gravesons cemetery was at the church.

Other religious buildings include three chapels and a Premonstratensian abbey : the Saint-Sépulcre chapel (French name for the Church of the Holy Sepulcher ), the Cadillan chapel and the Saint-André de Bagalance chapel . The Premonstratensian Abbey of Saint-Michel-de-Frigolet is particularly well known . which, however, is already on the territory of the municipality of Tarascon .

In the hamlet Le Breuil , Le Breuil castle is. It originated from the 13th to the 15th century. The Magali wine cooperative from 1924 is located near the center of the village and has been expanded several times since it was founded.

Museums

The Chabaud Museum

Outside the village is the Musée des Arômes et du Parfum (Museum of Flavors and Perfumes ). The museum is open 365 days a year, including Sundays and public holidays. It is on the Ancien Chemin d'Arles (Old Road to Arles). In the museum you can smell numerous perfumes and see how they are made and how they are packaged, including stills from the 18th to 20th centuries. The museum also offers so-called “ Zen massages”. In the center there is another museum, the Musée Auguste Chabaud (Chabaud Museum) about the painter Auguste Chabaud on the Cours National . It opened in 1992.

Crosses

There are a number of crossroads and cemetery crosses throughout the municipality . In earlier times religious processions took place during the days of prayer , during which every cross was visited. Before the French Revolution there were more than thirty crosses, now there are only twenty-four. The structure of the cross is usually very simple, on a square base stands a column on which an iron cross is enthroned.

Some of the crosses were restored or completely renewed in the 19th century. This includes the Croix de la Meuille in the hamlet of La Meuille . The Croix de la place Jean Jeanne in the center of Graveson was also renovated in the early 19th century. The original cross was from the 15th century. In the immediate vicinity of the center on avenue Frédéric Mistral is the Croix du Petit Saint-Jean . In the early 19th century it replaced the Gothic Croix Couverte that had been destroyed in the French Revolution.

The crosses were sometimes set up by the owners of the manors, here called mas . The Croix du Mas des Issards was erected towards the end of the 19th century on the property of the Mas on the Route d'Avignon on the border of the municipality with the neighboring municipality of Rognonas. The Croix du Mas d'Anselme was not built until 1922. It has a hexagonal base and there is a dedication inscription on three of the six sides. A Croix du Mas de la Chapelle has existed since the 14th century. However, today's cross dates from the 19th century. Although it belongs to the manor of the same name, it is located on Chemin Mas Musique . In the park of the Mas de Marin at the Ancien Chemin d'Arles is the Croix du Mas de Marin . It was donated in 1926.

The oldest cross in Graveson and one of the oldest hall crosses in the area is the Croix de la folie . It's on Avenue Lieutenant Atger , the street to Maillane. It was mentioned in a document as early as the 15th century as the Croix de Stultitia . Stultitia was the name of the place where it stands in the 13th century. In the 18th century the cross was given the nickname Croix de l'Aubarède . Another old cross is the Croix des Aréniers at the intersection of Chemin des Aréniers and Chemin Saunier . It is a medieval cross that has been restored several times over time and has an ornate metal cross. There is an inscription on the base with the year 1720. The cross was restored at that time.

There are three crosses on lots at Chemin de la Roulade . The Croix de Cœur (also Croix de Gramejan ) stands on stony ground near an old arm of the Durance. It owes the name Croix de Cœur to the nearby Mas de Cœur . The Croix du Règne was set up in the 15th century, but has been destroyed and renewed several times since then. The third cross was erected in the cemetery at Chemin de la Roulade in 1890. A three-tiered base supports a tall cippus with several inscriptions, including a poem by the Provencal poet Joseph Roumanille .

Other crosses in the center are the Croix des arènes from the 17th century, the Croix d'Aubrespin or Croix du Mas de la Croix , which is in poor condition, and the Croix des Aires or Croix de Salome , which was built towards the end of the 18th century . Century built elsewhere and later moved to its current location.

There are two crosses on the Cours National , the Croix du Château or Croix des Princes, erected between 1815 and 1817, and the Croix du Grand Portail from the 18th century. The iron cross of the Croix du Château is particularly richly decorated. The Croix du Grand Portail marks the beginning of the Lamanon district . Its name is derived from its location, because it stands directly opposite the former city ​​gate (Grand Portail) .

There are three crosses on the Route des Palunettes . The Croix de Brun or Croix des Palunettes was erected by the Brun family after the First World War , as all family members survived the war safely. The Croix du Saint-Sépulcre cemetery cross depicts the crucifixion of Jesus . It was erected in 1919 by three families in front of the Saint-Sépulcre chapel and marks the place where the chapel's old cemetery was located. The third cross, the Croix de Jourdan , was erected by the Brun family in the 19th century. It replaced the 16th century Croix de Sire Jourdan Brun .

Directly at the church is the Croix de la place de l'église from 1858. Its metal cross depicts the crucifixion of Jesus. Like the Croix du Saint-Sépulcre , it marks the location of a former cemetery.

The Croix de Cadillan or Croix de Millet is on the Route de Châteaurenard . It used to mark the border between Graveson and the hamlet of Cadillan . Originally made in the 16th century, the cross was destroyed during the French Revolution. Thanks to a donation from the Millet family , it was renewed in 1903. The square column is topped by a capital decorated with acanthus leaves. There is a wrought iron cross above it.

The Croix de Saint-Pierre or Croix du Redonneau on Rue de Cascaveau was built in the 19th century to replace the small Saint-Pierre chapel , which was destroyed during the French Revolution. In 1996 it was completely restored. It consists of a beveled base, a narrow column and an ornate metal cross.

The Croix de la mission Graveson-Maillane was not built until 1955 . It stands exactly on the border between the two communities. Its base contains a niche with the statue of St. Mary . Above it is a short square column and an ornate metal cross.

Gardens and parks

There are two publicly accessible park-like gardens in Graveson.

Aux Fleurs de l'Eau is a garden with lakes and artificial waterfalls . The garden, created in 1997, has been open to the public since 2001. There are three waterfalls in the complex that fill fifteen ponds. These ponds contain a variety of aquatic plants and some koi carp. There are more than 2000 species of flowers, trees and other plants in the garden. When the garden was finished in December 1997, it stretched over 6,000 square meters. Now it has an area of ​​18,500 square meters. Access to the garden costs four euros. Aux Fleurs de l'Eau is classified as a Jardin remarquable (German: remarkable garden ).

The Jardin du Mas Ferrand is another garden; it is on the avenue Auguste Chabaud . The garden contains many species of plants, there is also a small canal and a fountain. The complex was built in 1997 and 1998. It combines elements of the English and Italian gardens . Entry is free.

The Jardin de quatre Saisons (Four Seasons Garden) is a two hectare garden and can be visited free of charge. The garden is divided into four areas, each of which represents a season. It was created in 1999.

Customs and Local Life

Carreto ramado at the Saint-Éloi festival in Graveson

The Fête-Saint-Éloi takes place on the last weekend of July. Festivals such as Saint-Éloi , Saint-Jean and Saint-Roch go back to the 17th century, which was documented in the neighboring towns of Maillane and Châteaurenard. Such traditions are passed on from generation to generation and are very important for the preservation of the Provencal language and costumes. Saint-Éloi , originally the patron saint of blacksmiths, later also became the patron saint of farmers and horse breeders. In honor of this saint there is an annual horse- drawn procession with the carreto ramado , a carriage decorated with green. The horses move in a row. During the gallop, two dozen horses take part in the procession, at a walk up to fifty. Each horse is led by a member of the Saint-Éloi Brotherhood and ridden by a woman or girl in traditional Provencal costume. This festival takes place throughout the summer in various villages between the Rhône, Durance and Alpilles.

A painters festival takes place at the end of August and beginning of September: artists paint the walls of the village, the paintings are evaluated later. The Pictural & Mural festival was held for the first time in 2005. There, young artists get the chance to present themselves. This event, attended by around seventy artists, is organized by a local artists' association. The mailboxes were also painted by local artists.

The Corso de Graveson is another popular festival that takes place over two weekends in February. It is comparable to the German carnival : There is a parade with themed floats. The festival attracts nearly three thousand visitors each year.

The CREDD'O organization founded in November 1999 in Graveson . Oustau di Petit is committed to the preservation of customs and Provencal culture. On September 21, 2002, she opened her public center in Graveson. It organizes exhibitions, readings of Provencal books and other cultural events all year round.

Santons - Provencal crib figures - are made and sold in Graveson . There is also an old candle factory. Today, in addition to candles, they also make saints and cicadas out of wax.

In the village center there is a bank, grocery stores, cafes and a few other shops. The village market takes place every Friday between May and October from 4 p.m. to 8 p.m. From June to October there is a thematic market on the last Friday of the month. The weekly market is supplied by around twenty local farmers. It is largely limited to food. The declared aim of the store is to bring regional and seasonal products closer to customers. All products sold come from the producer on the day of sale. A Christmas market takes place on the second weekend in December.

Bullfight

Bullfighting in Graveson was first mentioned in July 1800. The cadastre from 1830 shows a walled enclosure for the bulls. This later became today's bullring. It was privately owned until 1994, but now belongs to the community. The Taurin Club organizes the events. The arena is located in the southeast of the village. In the south it is bordered by the rear facade of a courtyard. It is equipped with benches for spectators in the south and east. There are various rooms in the north, including an infirmary. The stable for the bulls is in the northeast corner. The entrance is in the south-west corner.

Graveson in film and television

Much of the 1972 film Les Fous du stade by Claude Zidi is set in Graveson. The scenes were filmed between March and May 1972. In the film, the Olympic torch is supposed to pass the place.

The released remake of the film 2011 The Well-Digger's Daughter (The daughter of the fountain builder ) has been in different places of the Provence shot, including in Graveson.

Economy and Infrastructure

Graveson has its own fire department , the Comité Communal Feux de Forêt de Graveson (CCFF).

economy

In addition to the emerging tourism and agriculture, the number of craftsmen and merchants is also steadily increasing.

Employees by sector: 55 people work in agriculture; 176 are self-employed; 243 are entrepreneurs with a university degree; 443 work in medium-sized professions; 603 work as employees; 369 work in manual professions. There are a total of 674 retirees; another 415 people are without a permanent job for other reasons. However, of the employees who live in Graveson, only 26.3 percent worked in their home parish in 2008. Another 39.8 percent worked in another municipality in the department. One employee had a job abroad.

The Graveson-based Coopérative la Montagnette is a cooperative for fruit and vegetable growers.

The Graveson subsoil is economically viable: In the Les Aréniers valley , west of the town center, there were sand and gravel pits in earlier times .

Pôle du Sagnon industrial park

In the municipality of Graveson, on the national road 570 , there is the 37 hectare industrial park Pôle du Sagnon . It is located directly on the municipal boundary to Barbentane and Rognonas.

In 1996 the suitability of the site as a commercial area was researched. In April 1999 it was converted into a Zone d'Aménagement Différé . In 2003, the communauté de communes Rhône Alpilles Durance , to which Graveson was a member at the time, declared a common interest in the industrial area. In 2005 the infrastructure was adapted (clarification of water rights, construction of a roundabout, information of the population, etc.). In 2006 the actual project finally began and the land was finally acquired. In 2008 the first properties were sold to interested parties. The first companies started construction at the beginning of 2009. With a celebration on April 30, 2010, the industrial park was put into operation. The sub-prefect of the arrondissement and representatives of the General Council and the Regional Council were present, among others, as sponsors of the project .

50 companies are to settle in the industrial park. One square meter of land costs an average of around 50 euros.

traffic

Graveson is cut from north to south by the former national road 570 , which leads from Avignon to Arles. It now bears the number Départementale 570N . At the level of the former train station, the D 970 branches off towards Tarascon. The D 29 road leads to Châteaurenard, while the D 5 road connects Graveson with Maillane and Saint-Rémy-de-Provence. The A 7 and A 9 motorways are near Graveson .

Frédéric Mistral at Graveson train station in 1913

The Graveson train station is on the Ligne Impériale , a route from Paris via Lyon to Marseille. It is right at the foot of the Montagnette. The station is now closed to traffic. The Barbentane- Saint-Chamas section , where the train station is located, was put into operation on October 18, 1847 by the Compagnie du chemin de fer de Marseille à Avignon . Graveson later belonged to the Compagnie des chemins de fer PLM . On October 14, 1913, then French President Raymond Poincaré stopped at Graveson station on his way back from Spain to meet Frédéric Mistral , whom he asked for a banquet on his train. On May 8, 1960, the new overhead line on the line from Tarascon to Avignon went into operation. Since the train station is in the immediate vicinity of the Cadillan resettlement , it is also known as Station de Cadillan .

Every Wednesday bus line 57A runs via Graveson to Avignon and back again. They need 35 or 30 minutes for the route. Otherwise the only option is to use a taxi.

The nearest airport is Avignon Airport, twelve kilometers away , to which, however, there is no direct public connection.

Thanks to its location near Saint-Rémy, Avignon and Arles and easy access to the major transport axes of the Bouches-du-Rhône, Vaucluse and Gard departments , Graveson is popular with tourists.

education

The nuns Sœurs de la Présentation de Marie opened a Catholic private school in Graveson in 1855. In 1889 the Catholic school was inaugurated. In 1905 there was a separation of church and state in France . It was not until 1984 that co-education , the common upbringing of boys and girls, began.

Today there are three educational institutions in Graveson. This includes a kindergarten and two primary schools . With the École maternelle publique de Graveson there is a public kindergarten in Graveson. The École primaire privée Jeanne d'Arc is a private primary school. However, the second elementary school, the École primaire publique Graveson , is a public school.

In the neighboring municipality of Châteaurenard there are two colleges , the Collège Roquecoquille and the Collège Saint-Joseph . The Lycées are further away: there are six in Arles, one in Tarascon, one in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, and fifteen in Avignon.

tourism

In Graveson there are three hotels ( Moulin d'Aure , Cadran Solaire and Mas des Amandiers ), two guest houses ( Mas de Saint-Jean and Mas de Saint-Pons ), six simple guest rooms, fourteen holiday apartments and the three-star Les Micocouliers campsite . This has 65 seats and a pool and is one kilometer from the village center.

Sports

In September 2001 the rugby club La soule gravesonnaise was founded in Graveson . Only two years later, on May 11, 2003, the club celebrated its greatest success to date: In Les Angles , the team secured the title of “Provence champions” in front of almost 800 fans who had traveled with them against a team from Robion with 52:18. The following year the title defense failed only in the final against a team from Saint-Rémy. At this time, the association organized the so-called montage tournament for the first time, in which almost 500 children and young people took part. Since then, the club has had a particularly large youth department and regularly organizes the assembly tournament.

There is also a tennis and squash club in Graveson . The Vétérans de Graveson came into being in the late 1980s. They have been an official football club since 1997 .

Personalities

In Graveson, Auguste Chabaud , a painter of classical modernism and Fauvism , lived in seclusion on his grandparents' farm since 1919 ; he died there in 1955. In addition to scenes from rural life in Provence, he also painted scenes from Paris nightlife. Chaubaud's contemporary, the painter Alfred Lesbros from Montfavet , also worked in Graveson and was in regular contact with Chabaud.

literature

  • Joseph Petit: Graveson (Temps retrouvé) Editions Équinoxe, Saint-Rémy-de-Provence 1994. ISBN 978-2-84135-002-5 .
  • Edouard Baratier (ed.): Histoire de la Provence , 2 vols., Toulouse 1978 (overview work for classification).

Web links

Commons : Graveson  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

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  82. ↑ Graveson. In: CC-Rhonealpillesdurance.fr. Retrieved November 12, 2011 .
  83. ↑ a b c Val de Provence. (PDF; 3.5 MB) In: CC-Rhonealpillesdurance.fr. Retrieved November 12, 2011 (French).
  84. ↑ Le Cadran Solaire. (No longer available online.) In: Hotel en Provence.fr. Archived from the original on September 3, 2011 ; Retrieved November 12, 2011 .
  85. ↑ Graveson. In: Culture.gouv.fr. Retrieved November 12, 2011 (French).
  86. ↑ a b Monuments historiques et bâtiments protégés de Graveson. In: Actuacity.com. Retrieved November 12, 2011 (French).
  87. ↑ Le patrimoine de la commune de Graveson. (No longer available online.) In: Pays Arles.org. Archived from the original on August 17, 2014 ; Retrieved November 12, 2011 (French).
  88. ↑ Graveson. In: ProvenceWeb. Retrieved November 12, 2011 (French).
  89. ↑ Musée des Arômes et du parfum de Graveson en Provence. In: Museedesaromes.com. Retrieved November 12, 2011 (French).
  90. ↑ Jardin Aquatique "Aux Fleurs de l'eau". In: Parcsetjardins.fr. Retrieved November 12, 2011 (French).
  91. ↑ List jardins labellises. (PDF; 358 kB) (No longer available online.) In: Parcsetjardins.fr. Archived from the original on December 2, 2011 ; Retrieved November 12, 2011 (French).
  92. ↑ Jardin du Mas Ferrand. In: Parcsetjardins.fr. Retrieved November 12, 2011 (French).
  93. ↑ 4 seasons garden. (No longer available online.) In: Graveson Provence.fr. Formerly in the original ; accessed on November 12, 2011 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.graveson-provence.fr
  94. ↑ Feast of Saint-Eloi. (No longer available online.) In: Graveson Provence.fr. Formerly in the original ; accessed on November 12, 2011 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.graveson-provence.fr
  95. ↑ Pictural & Mural. (No longer available online.) In: Graveson Provence.fr. Formerly in the original ; accessed on November 12, 2011 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.graveson-provence.fr
  96. ↑ Pictural & Mural. (No longer available online.) In: Cheminsprovenceprestige.fr. Archived from the original on May 23, 2010 ; accessed on November 12, 2011 .
  97. ↑ The Corso. (No longer available online.) In: Graveson Provence.fr. Formerly in the original ; accessed on November 12, 2011 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / graveson-provence.fr
  98. ↑ Creddo, Provence. In: creddo.info. Retrieved November 12, 2011 .
  99. ↑ Klaus Simon: Provence . In: Dumont Travel for Connoisseurs . DuMont Reiseverlag, 2001, ISBN 978-3-7701-5555-2 , p. 145 f. + 151 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  100. ↑ Le Marché paysan de Graveson en Provence. In: Lemarchepaysan.com. Retrieved November 12, 2011 (French).
  101. ↑ Arènes. (No longer available online.) In: Pays Arles.org. Archived from the original on January 11, 2014 ; Retrieved November 12, 2011 (French).
  102. ↑ Les Fous du Stade. (No longer available online.) In: Web.mac.com. Archived from the original on January 30, 2010 ; Retrieved November 12, 2011 (French).
  103. ↑ La Fille du puisatier. In: Avignon.Onvasortir.com. Retrieved November 12, 2011 (French).
  104. ↑ CCFF 13 de Graveson. (No longer available online.) In: ccffgraveson.com. Archived from the original on September 25, 2009 ; Retrieved November 12, 2011 (French).
  105. ^ Results du recensement de la population 2008 - Graveson. (No longer available online.) In: recensement.INSEE.fr. Archived from the original on November 13, 2012 ; Retrieved November 12, 2011 (French).
  106. ↑ SOCIETE COOPERATIVE AGRICOLE FRUITIERE LA MONTAGNETTE. In: societe.com. Retrieved November 12, 2011 (French).
  107. ↑ Magazine June 2010. (PDF; 2.4 MB) In: CC Rhonealpillesdurance.fr. Retrieved November 12, 2011 (French).
  108. ↑ Presentation of the Pôle du Sagnon. (PDF; 1.2 MB) In: CC Rhonealpillesdurance.fr. Retrieved November 12, 2011 (French).
  109. ↑ La gare de Graveson. (No longer available online.) In: Raileuroexpress.com. Archived from the original on August 31, 2011 ; Retrieved November 12, 2011 (French).
  110. ^ Frédéric Bernard: De Lyon à la Méditerranée . L. Hachette, Paris 1855, p. III + 118 (French, full text in the Google book search).
  111. ↑ Transport. (No longer available online.) In: Graveson Provence.fr. Archived from the original on October 5, 2010 ; accessed on November 12, 2011 .
  112. ↑ Graveson, Bouches-du-Rhône. In: de.DB-city.com. Retrieved November 12, 2011 .
  113. ^ L'École maternelle et primaire Sainte Jeanne d'Arc à Graveson. (No longer available online.) In: Ecole-jeanne-darc-graveson.com. Archived from the original on November 20, 2012 ; Retrieved November 12, 2011 (French).
  114. ↑ Results de Recherche - Châteaurenard. In: education.gouv.fr. Retrieved November 12, 2011 (French).
  115. ↑ Accommodation. (No longer available online.) In: Graveson Provence.fr. Archived from the original on January 14, 2012 ; accessed on November 12, 2011 .
  116. ↑ *** Camping les Micocouliers ***. In: camping-les-micocouliers-provence.fr. Retrieved November 12, 2011 (French).
  117. ↑ La soule gravesonnaise. (No longer available online.) In: la-soule-gravesonnaise.fr. Archived from the original on May 26, 2012 ; Retrieved November 12, 2011 (French).
  118. ^ Sports. (No longer available online.) In: Graveson Provence.fr. Archived from the original on October 5, 2010 ; accessed on November 12, 2011 .
  119. ↑ Les Vétérans de Graveson. In: veteransgraveson.free.fr. Retrieved November 12, 2011 (French).
  120. ↑ Le Musée de Région Auguste Chabaud. (No longer available online.) In: museechabaud.com. Archived from the original on November 9, 2011 ; Retrieved November 12, 2011 (French).
  121. ^ Graveson in Provence. In: net-provence.com. Retrieved November 12, 2011 .
  122. ^ Millon & Associés: Alfred Lesbors. (PDF) In: net-provence.com. Retrieved November 12, 2011 (French).


This article was added to the list of articles worth reading on November 29, 2011 in this version .