Kamenka (Kaliningrad, Gurjewsk)
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Kamenka
Friedrichstein Каменка
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Kamenka ( Russian Каменка , German Friedrichstein ) is a place in the Russian Oblast Kaliningrad . It belongs to the municipal self-government unit of the Guryevsk District in Guryevsk Raion .
Geographical location
Kamenka is 16 kilometers southeast of the Rajon capital Kaliningrad (Königsberg) south of the Pregel (Russian: Pregolja) on the border between the Gurjewsk Rajon and the Gwardeisk Rajon . The regional road 27A-025 (ex R508 ) between Kaliningrad and Gwardeisk (Tapiau) leads past the southern outskirts of Kamenka. The town is connected via Kommunalstrasse 27K-277. The nearest train station is Komsomolsk Sapadny (Löwenhagen) on the Kaliningrad – Nesterow railway line , a section of the former Prussian Eastern Railway .
history
The former Friedrichstein (before 1785 also Keckstein ) called Gutsdorf dates back to the year 1379. From 1666 to 1945 the estate was owned by the von Dönhoff family , the last owner was Dietrich Graf von Dönhoff (1902–1991).
On April 30, 1874, Friedrichstein became the seat and eponymous place of the newly established Friedrichstein district . It existed until 1930 and belonged to the Königsberg district (Prussia) in the Königsberg administrative district of the Prussian province of East Prussia . In 1910 there were 385 registered residents in Friedrichstein.
On September 30, 1928, the Friedrichstein manor district was converted into a rural community of the same name. In this context, the neighboring variety Groß Hohenhagen (Russian: Kaschtanowka) with Klein Hohenhagen and Wehnenfeld (Chrabroje) were incorporated into Friedrichstein. In 1933 the village had 520 inhabitants, in 1939 there were 525. From 1939 to 1945 Friedrichstein belonged to the Samland district .
As a result of the Second World War , northern East Prussia and with it Friedrichstein came to the Soviet Union . In 1947 the place was given the Russian name Kamenka and was assigned at the same time to the village soviet Semjonowski selski Sowet in Kaliningrad Rajon . Later the place came to the Lugowskoi selski Sowet in Gurjewsk Rajon . From 2008 to 2013 Kamenka belonged to the rural municipality Lugovskoye selskoje posselenije and since then to the urban district of Guryevsk.
Friedrichstein District 1874–1930
On April 30, 1874, the newly established Friedrichstein district, consisting of twelve rural communities and seven manor districts, was formed:
| German name | Russian name | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Rural communities : | ||
| Birch forest | ||
| Borchersdorf | Zelenopolye | 1930 reclassified to the newly formed Borchersdorf district |
| horst | ||
| Little Barthen | ||
| Klein Hohenhagen | Osjornoje | 1906 incorporated into the Groß Barthen manor district |
| Löwenhagen | Komsomolsk | |
| Pregelswalde | 1928 incorporated into the rural community of Spohr (Fuchshöfen district) | |
| Reichenhagen | Zheleznodorozhnye | |
| sand | 1928 incorporated into the rural community of Groß Barthen | |
| Schönmohr | Partisanskoe | In 1930 reclassified to the new Borchersdorf district |
| Lake meadows | ||
| Weissenstein | Marijskoye | In 1930 reclassified to the new Borchersdorf district |
| Manor districts : | ||
| Borchersdorf | Zelenopolye | 1928 incorporated into the rural community of Schönmohr |
| Friedrichstein | Kamenka | Converted to a rural community in 1928 |
| Great Barthen | Osjornoje |
In 1928 converted into a rural community, in 1930 reclassified to the Groß Ottenhagen district |
| Gross Hohenhagen | Kashtanovka | 1928 incorporated into the rural community of Friedrichstein |
| Schönmohr | Partisanskoe | 1928 incorporated into the rural community of Schönmohr |
| Wehnenfeld | Chrabroje | 1928 incorporated into the rural community of Friedrichstein |
| Weissenstein | Marijskoye | 1928 incorporated into the rural community of Weißenstein |
On June 3, 1930, the Friedrichstein district was renamed "Löwenhagen district" (Russian: Komsomolsk). The seven communities Birkenwalde, Friedrichstein, Horst, Klein Barthen, Löwenhagen, Reichenhagen and Seewiesen belonged to this until 1945. Until 1939 it belonged to the district of Königsberg (Prussia), from 1939 to 1945 to the district of Samland.
Friedrichstein Castle
See main article : Friedrichstein Palace (East Prussia)
One of the most famous castles in East Prussia was located in Friedrichstein. After a fire in the previous building in 1709, Jean de Bodt (1670–1745), architect a. a. of the Zeughaus in Berlin , a representative new mansion of the Counts von Dönhoff . It burned down completely on January 26, 1945 and was demolished as a ruin in 1957. Today only fragments of the wall can be seen. A restoration company now stands on the site of the manorial property between the plateau of a former French garden and the castle pond (Russian: Prud).
church
The predominantly Protestant population of Friedrichstein before 1945 was parish in the parish Church of Löwenhagen (East Prussia) (today in Russian: Komsomolsk ). It belonged to the parish of Königsberg-Land I within the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union . The last German clergyman was Pastor Erich Gollnick .
Today Kamenka is located in the catchment area of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of the Resurrection in Kaliningrad (Königsberg) , which belongs to the Kaliningrad provost of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia (ELKER).
Personalities of the place
- Eleonore von Dönhoff (born October 29, 1674 at Friedrichstein Castle; † September 2, 1726), noblewoman, wife of Field Marshal General Hans Albrecht von Barfus
- Marion Countess Dönhoff (born December 2, 1909 at Friedrichstein Castle; † 2002), German journalist and publicist
- August Graf von Dönhoff (born January 26, 1845, † September 9, 1920 at Friedrichstein Palace), German politician, member of the Reichstag, founded the Kaiser Friedrich Museum Association with Wilhelm von Bode
literature
- Marion Countess Dönhoff: Establishment and management of a large East German company. The Friedrichstein estates from the time of the order to the liberation of the peasants . Königsberg 1936 (Diss. University of Basel 1935). In addition, the reviews by Robert Stein in: Mitteilungen des Verein für die Geschichte von Ost- und Westpreußen , Vol. 11, No. 3, Königsberg 1937, pp. 45–47; ibid, vol. 12, no. 2, Königsberg 1937, pp. 31–33 and the author's reply, ibid., vol. 12, no. 1, Königsberg 1937, pp. 7-10.
- Hans-Joachim Kuke: Jean de Bodt. 1670-1745. Architect and engineer in the Baroque era . Worms 2002, pp. 175-177
- Kilian Heck, Christian Thielemann (ed.): Friedrichstein. The castle of the Counts of Dönhoff in East Prussia . Munich, Berlin 2006
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Kaliningradskaya oblastʹ. (Results of the 2010 all-Russian census. Kaliningrad Oblast.) Volume 1 , Table 4 (Download from the website of the Kaliningrad Oblast Territorial Organ of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ^ Location information East Prussia picture archive: Friedrichstein
- ^ A b Rolf Jehke, Friedrichstein / Löwenhagen district
- ↑ Uli Schubert, municipality directory, district of Königsberg
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Samland district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Through the Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 17 ноября 1947 г. «О переименовании населённых пунктов Калининградской области» (Ordinance of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR "On the Renaming of Places in Kaliningrad Oblast" of November 17, 1947)
- ^ History of Friedenstein at ostpreussen.net
- ^ Evangelical Lutheran Provosty of Kaliningrad ( Memento of August 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive )