Grottkau district

The Grottkau district on a map from 1905

The district of Grottkau was a Prussian district in Upper Silesia that existed from 1742 to 1945. Its county seat was the city of Grottkau . The former district area is now in the Polish Opole Voivodeship .

Administrative history

Kingdom of Prussia / German Confederation

After conquering most of Silesia, King Frederick II introduced Prussian administrative structures in Lower Silesia by cabinet order on November 25, 1741 . This included the establishment of two war and domain chambers in Breslau and Glogau as well as their subdivision into districts and the appointment of district administrators on January 1, 1742.

In the principality of Neisse , one of the Silesian sub-principalities, the two districts of Grottkau and Neisse were formed from the old Silesian soft images of Grottkau and Neisse . Johann Ferdinand von Printz was appointed as the first district administrator in the Grottkau district. The circle Grottkau initially was under the War and Domain Chamber Wroclaw and the course was hard Bergisch Stone reform the administrative district of Opole the Silesia province assigned.

In the course of border adjustments between the Silesian administrative districts, the Grottkau district gave the town of Wansen and the villages of Alt Wansen, Bischwitz, Halbendorf, Johnwitz, Knischwitz and Spurwitz to the Ohlau district in 1816 . In addition, the district in 1817 gave the village of Gallenau to the Frankenstein district and the villages of Brucksteine, Gollendorf, Herbsdorf, Hertwigswalde, Kattersdorf Liebenau, Neuhaus, Nieder Pomsdorf and Ober Pomsdorf to the Münsterberg district .

During the district reform of January 1, 1818 in the Opole administrative district, the district borders were changed as follows:

• The villages of Jentsch and Stephansdorf moved from the Grottkau district to the Neisse district.
• The villages of Grüben and Sonnenberg moved from the Grottkau district to the Falkenberg district .
• The villages of Eckwertsheide, Friedewalde, Geltendorf, Groß Briesen, Hennersdorf, Koppendorf, Mogwitz, Petersheide and Schönheide moved from the Neisse district to the Grottkau district.

North German Confederation / German Empire

Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and from January 1, 1871 to the German Empire . On November 8, 1919, the province of Silesia was dissolved and the new province of Upper Silesia was formed from the administrative district of Opole . On September 30, 1929, a regional reform took place in the Grottkau district in line with developments in the rest of the Free State of Prussia , in which almost all manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities. Only the Ottmachau reservoir, formed on April 1, 1935, remained as a community-free manor district.

On April 1, 1938, the Prussian provinces of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia were merged to form the new Province of Silesia. On January 1, 1939, the Grottkau district was given the name Landkreis in accordance with the now unified regulation . On January 18, 1941, the province of Silesia was dissolved again and the new province of Upper Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Katowice and Opole.

In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army . In the summer of 1945, the district was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . The influx of Polish civilians began in the district area, some of whom came from the areas east of the Curzon Line that fell to the Soviet Union . In the period that followed, most of the German population was expelled from the district .

Population development

year	Residents	source
1795	31,058
1819	29,605
1846	39,371
1871	44,279
1885	45.105
1900	40,566
1910	40,610
1925	39,553
1939	40.157

District administrators

1742 0000000Johann Ferdinand von Printz 1745–1752 00Johann Wenzel von Studtnitz-Jeroltschütz 1754–1759 00Johann Carl von Sulkowsky 1759–1764 00Balthasar Leopold von Brauchitsch 1766–1780 00Carl Friedrich Wilhelm von Reibnitz 1780–1796 00Johann August Wilhelm von Koppy 1796–1803 00Johann Eugen von Hundt and Alten Grottkau 1803–1805 00Johann Ernst Joseph Henn von Henneberg 1805–1809 00Carl Ludwig Silvius Wilhelm von Königsdorff 1809–1824 00Johann von Printz 1824–1845 00Georg von Ohlen 1845–1849 00by Sierstorpff 1849–1857 00Richard von Maubeuge (1820–1893) 1848–1849 Arthur Hobrecht (1824–1912)00

1857–1863 Karl Rudolf Friedenthal (1827–1890)00 1869–1873 00Arthur Roderich Zimmer 1874–1879 Kurt von Ohlen and Adlerskron (1846–1900)00 1879–1888 Maximilian von Garnier (1844–1888)00 1888–1890 Gustav Drescher († 1890)00 1891–1897 00Hermann von Richthofen 1898–1919 Franz Thilo (* 1863)00 1919–1926 00August Kuhn 1926–1933 00Werner Martinius 1933–1935 00Josef Klings 1935–1937 Erich Jüttner (* 1899)00 1938–1940 Bernhard von Derschau (1903–1945)00 1940–1945 00Hermann Sellschopp

Local constitution

The Grottkau district has been divided into the towns of Grottkau and Ottmachau, rural communities and manor districts since the 19th century . With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all Prussian municipalities from January 1, 1934. With the introduction of the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, a uniform municipal constitution came into force in the German Reich on April 1, 1935, according to which the previous rural municipalities were now referred to as municipalities . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply.

Communities

The Grottkau district last comprised two cities and 65 rural communities:

Alt Grottkau Auenrode Boitmannsdorf Breitenfeld German Leippe Eckwertsheide Eichenau OS Oak ground Endersdorf Falkenau Feldheim Friedewalde Gauwald Geltendorf Giersdorf Glass village Great Briesen

Groß Karlshöh Grottkau, city Guhlau Guhrau Halbendorf Hennersdorf Herzogswalde Hochdorf High village Hönigsdorf Johnsdorf Klein Karlshöh Klein Mahlendorf Klein Neudorf Klodebach Koppendorf Koschpendorf

Kühschmalz Larch grove Leuppush Lichtenberg Lindenau Lobedau March village Mühlrain Neuensee Niederseiffersdorf Niklasdorf Nittersdorf Ottmachau, city Perschkenstein Petersheide Rogau Schöning

Schützendorf Schwarzengrund Seiffersdorf b. Ottmachau Stone house Striegendorf Tharnau b. Grottkau Deep lake Ullersdorf Voigtsdorf Waldreuth Weissach Winzenberg Woisselsdorf Advertise Zauritz Zedlitz

Incorporation until 1939

Nieder Kühschmalz, on April 1, 1905 to Kühschmalz Ober Kühschmalz, on April 1, 1905, to Kühschmalz Schönheide, on April 1, 1939 in Petersheide Tharnau near Ottmachau , on January 1, 1931 to Gauers Bittendorf, on January 1, 1935 at Klein Mahlendorf Gräditz, on January 1, 1935 in Matzwitz Sarlowitz , on January 1, 1935 in Ottmachau

Laskowitz, on January 1, 1935 in Perschkenstein Weidich, on January 1, 1935 in Perschkenstein Satteldorf, to Pillwösche on January 1, 1935 Klein Zindel , joined Kühschmalz on July 1, 1932 Reisendorf, on October 17, 1928 to Klein Karlowitz Kroschen, on September 30, 1928 in Falkenau

Place names

In 1936, several communities in the Grottkau district were renamed (sometimes several times):

Ellguth → Neuensee Gauwald → Gauwald Graschwitz → Schöning Groß Karlowitz → Groß Karlshöh Kamnig → stone house Klein Karlowitz → Klein Karlshöh Koppitz → Schwarzengrund Laßwitz → Höhendorf Matzwitz → Mühlrain Mogwitz → Breitenfeld

Nitterwitz → Lindenberg → Nittersdorf Ogen → Feldheim Osseg → Auwaldau → Auenrode Pillwösche → Weißach Reisewitz → Eichengrund Starrwitz → Waldreuth Tschauschwitz → Hohenau → Hochdorf Tscheschdorf → Lärchenhain Woitz → Eichenau

literature

• Felix Triest : Topographical Handbook of Upper Silesia , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, pp. 1171-1237 .
• Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 185–186, item 16.
• Friedrich Gottlob Leonhardi : Earth Description of the Prussian Monarchy , Volume 3, Part 1, Hemmerde and Schwetschke, Halle 1792, pp. 148 ff .
• Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manors of the Province of Silesia and their people. Based on the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Berlin 1874, pp. 406–413 .
• M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)

Web links

• District of Grottkau - Territorial (Rolf Jehke, 2011)
• genealogienetz.de: Grottkau district

Individual evidence

1. ^ Roland Gehrke: State Parliament and the Public: Provincial Parliamentarism in Silesia 1825-1845 . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2009, ISBN 978-3-412-20413-6 , pp. 45 ( partially digitized ).
2. ^ Monuments of the Prussian State Administration in the 18th century . Files from May 31, 1740 to the end of 1745. In: Royal Academy of Sciences (Ed.): Acta Borussica . tape 6.2 . Paul Parey, Berlin 1901, Royal Order for the appointment of district administrators in Lower Silesia , p. 259 ( digitized version ).
3. ↑ Friedrich Gottlob Leonhardi: Earth Description of the Prussian Monarchy, Volume 3, Part 1 . Hemmerde and Schwetschke, Halle (Saale) 1792, description of the Grottkau district, p. 148 ff . ( Digitized version ).
4. ^ WFC Starke: Contributions to the knowledge of the existing court system and the latest results of the administration of justice in the Prussian state . Carl Heymann, Berlin 1839, District division of the Prussian Duchy of Silesia in the 18th century, p. 290 ( digitized version ).
5. ^ Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .
6. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Prussian state according to its new delimitation . 1815 ( digitized ).
7. ^ Roman Kamionka: The reorganization of the district division of Silesia in the Stein-Hardenberg reform period , Breslau 1934
8. ↑ Official Journal of the Royal Oppelschen government in 1817, no. XLI . Announcement of the new district division of the Opole government district from October 1, 1817. Opole, p. 523 ff . ( Digitized version ).
9. ↑ Georg Hassel: Statistical outline of all European states . The statistical view and special statistics of Central Europe. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1805, p. 38 ( digitized version ).
10. ^ Statistisches Bureau zu Berlin (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Prussian state . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1821, Silesia, p. 92 ( digitized version ).
11. ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. ( Digitized version ).
12. ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population 1871
13. ^ Community encyclopedia for the province of Silesia 1885
14. ↑ ^{a b} www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de
15. ^ ^{A b c d} Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. grottkau.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
16. ↑ ^{a b} Landkreis Grottkau administrative history and district list on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of July 26, 2013.